04 被动语态 --- 2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 04 被动语态 知识导图 考点一 被动语态的基础知识 1.被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 2.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be动词的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 3.被动语态的用法 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况: (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如: This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如: More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。 (3)强调或突出动作的承受者时。如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛) 【拓展知识】 1.不及物动词(短语)及连系动词不能用于被动语态。常见词有:happen, take place, look, sound, feel, smell, taste, become等。如: The story happened on a cold night.这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。 The food tasted delicious.这种食物尝起来很美味。 2.在主动语态中不带“to”的动词不定式,在被动语态中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have。如: He made the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl was made to stay at home. 考点二 一般现在时的被动语态(主语+am/is/are+done) Russian is also taught in their school.他们学校也教俄语。(肯定句) The windows of our house are cleaned once a week.我们房子的窗户一星期擦一次。(肯定句) →The windows of our house aren’t cleaned once a week. (否定句,在is, am, are后加not) →Are the windows of our house cleaned once a week? (一般疑问句,把is, am, are提句首) 考点三 一般过去时的被动语态(主语+was/were+done) Beijing was liberated in January,1949.北京是1949年1月解放的。(肯定句) These photos were taken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的。(肯定句) →These photos weren’t taken on the Great Wall.(否定句,在was, were后加not) →Were these photos taken on the Great Wall? (一般疑问句,把was, were提句首) 考点四 一般将来时的被动语态(will+be+done) (am /is /are going to+be+done) A new school library will be built next year.一个新的校图书馆将于明年建成。(肯定句) →A new school library won’t be built next year.(否定句,在will后加not) →Will a new school library be built next year?(一般疑问句,把will提句首) A new school library is going to be built next year.一个新的校图书馆将于明年建成。(肯定句) →A new school library isn’t going to be built next year. (否定句,在is/am/are后加not) →Is a new school library going to be built next year?(一般疑问句,把is/am/are提句首) 考点五 带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+done) 1.肯定句式:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The computer must be repaired right now.电脑必须立刻修理。 Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头做成 2.否定句式:主语+情态动词+ not+ be+过去分词 It cannot be done by Peter.这件事不可能是彼得干的。 Waste paper should not be thrown on the road.废纸不应该扔在路上。 3.一般疑问句式:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词 Must the trees be watered now?这些树必须现在浇水吗? 4. 特殊疑问句式: (1)特殊疑问词(不作主语)+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词? (2)特殊疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+be+过去分词? When can my computer be repaired?我的电脑什么时候能修好? What must be done next?下一步该做什么? 分层优练 夯实基础 1、 语法点单句特训 1.The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it 　　　　to places across the world every day.  A.sends　　　 B.sent　　 C.is sent　　 D.will be sent 2.Last year, a new old people’s home in our community.  A. builds　 B.built　 C.is built　 D.was built 3.Paper 　　　　in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.  A.invented　 B.was invented　C.invent　 D.is invented 4.During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world 　　　　on the streets of Chang’an.  A.is found　 B.has been found　C.will be found　 D.could be found 5.—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. —Yes, it 　　　　by our school green club to protect forests.  A.organizes B.organized　 C.was organized　 D.will be organized 6.Mr.Smith created a new game.Soon all his students 　　　　rules to play it.  A.teach　 B.taught 　 C.are taught　 D.were taught 7—Waiter, a glass of apple juice, please. —Sorry.Apple juice 　　　　only at breakfast.  A.serves　 B.is served　 C.is serving 8.—More and more high-technology products 　　　　in China.  —Yes.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. A.is making　 B.are making　C.is made　D.are made 9.—Mmm… Delicious.What is it? —It 　　　　zongzi, Tony.It’s a traditional food in China.  A.calls 　 B.is called　 C.called 　 D.was called 10.Some groups 　　　　prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC(共青团中央).  A.were given　 B.were giving　 C.will be given D.give 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.A lot of birds 　 (protect) in nature parks every year.  2.His guitar 　 (buy) as a gift for him last week.  3.When you are old enough, you 　 (teach) how to look after yourself.  4.The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road 　 _ (build) and it was welcomed by young people.  5.I hope each problem 　 (solve) and our family will come back to normal.  三、小语篇特训 语法选择 The cook’s plants grew much taller and greener than the teacher’s.After a heavy storm, they both came out to check for the damage of their gardens.They 　1　.But the teacher’s plants were not damaged at all and were standing firmly.The cook 　2　 to ask the teacher,“My plants were uprooted(连根拔起的), while yours weren’t.How is that possible?”The teacher smiled, “If the plants 　3　 too much attention or water, they won’t work hard for themselves.” I also agree that children should be guided instead of being given too much.  ( )1.A.broke　 B.were broken　 C.break　 ( )2.A.surprise 　 B.is surprised　 C.was surprised ( )3.A.will be given　B.will give C.were given 语篇提升 一、语法选择 On Feb.24, 18-year-old Su Yiming received 　1　 very special letter from President Xi Jinping.He couldn’t believe it at first.　2　 excited he was!  In the letter, President Xi congratulated Su and other players on their wonderful 　3　 at the Beijing Winter Olympics.  Su still remembered Xi’s visit to the National Winter Sports Training Center in Beijing 　4　 2019.President Xi Jinping told the athletes and coaches to aim high and to show the new generation of Chinese youth on the world stage.Xi also expected young Chinese people 　5　 the motherland in their hearts and stay grounded(脚踏实地的).Su Yiming 　6　 by Xi’s encouragement.He decided to believe in 　7　.He knew he must give his all to realize his dream.  　8　 Su Yiming won the gold medal, he couldn’t help writing a letter to President Xi and 　9　 to thank President Xi Jinping from the bottom of his heart.In his letter to Xi, Su said he would work even 　10　 and serve the nation better in the future.  Let’s learn from Su Yiming who is Olympic snowboarding (单板滑雪) gold medalist (奖牌得主). ( )1.A.a　 B.an　 C.the　 ( )2.A.What　 B.What a　 C.How ( )3.A.achievement　 B.achieving 　 C.achieve ( )4.A.on B.at　 C.in　 ( )5.A.keep　 B.keeping　 C.to keep　 ( )6.A.move　 B.moved　 C.was moved　 ( )7.A.he B.him　 C.himself ( )8.A.Before　 B.Until C.After　 ( )9.A.wants　 B.will want　 C.wanted　 ( )10.A.hard　 　 B.harder　　 C.hardest 二、短文填空 The “unity of man and nature” is necessary and important in the cultural tradition of China.The Chinese believe in the unity of man and 11.　 , a basic way to their philosophy(哲学) of life.Most traditional Chinese festivals build a right order of relationships among humans.They 12.　 　 also celebrated for nature.The ancient Chinese never placed themselves above nature.  Zhuangzi, for 13.　 , believed “Heaven (天) and earth are parents to all things in the world”.The beauty of nature is to “give birth to all things” 14.　 　 “let all things grow”, while the duty of humans is to “make all things perfect”.Heaven, earth, and 15.　 should be one in unity.Each of the three has 16.　 　 own way.They are necessary to each other, so they should treat each other with kindness.  The idea of unity of man and nature has 17.　 in the heart of Chinese people.It encourages modern Chinese to 18.　 　 action to protect natural environment.In most provinces of China, some rules have been made to reduce pollution.Many 19.　 stations that produce and provide safe and clean electricity have been built.The power is 20.　 　 water, wind, and sunlight.  Most of the Chinese, especially the young, are willing to protect the natural environment.China is now working with all other countries to make the earth a better place to live. 参考答案： 夯实基础 一、1~5　CDBDC　6~10　DBDBA 二、1.are protected　2.was bought　3.will be taught　4.was built 5.will be solved 三、1~3　BCC 语篇提升 一、1.A 考查冠词。此处表泛指，故用不定冠词。且very是以辅音音素开头，故选A。 2.C 考查感叹句。句型：How + adj. +主语+谓语！句意：他多兴奋啊！故选C。 3.A 考查名词。空前为形容词，后面接名词，故选A。 4.C 考查介词。in+年份 在……年，故选C。 5.C 考查动词不定式。固定搭配：expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事，故选C。 6.C 考查被动语态。主语与谓语是被动关系，句意：苏翊鸣被习主席的鼓励打动，故选C。 7.C 考查代词。句意：他决定相信自己，故选C。 8.C 考查时间状语从句。after 在……之后，句意：在苏翊鸣赢得金牌之后……，故选C。 9.C 考查动词时态。用and并列的两个分句时态前后一致，故用一般过去式，选C。 10.B 考查形容词比较等级。even+形容词比较级表示程度更……，故选B。 二、11.nature 考查名词。此处是原词复现，下文多次提及人与自然的关系，“…celebrated for nature…above nature”，故填nature。 12.are 考查被动语态。句子主语与谓语是被动关系，谓语部分不完整，缺少be动词，且主语They是第三人称复数，句子时态与上下文一致用一般现在时，故填are。 13.example 考查名词和固定搭配。固定搭配：for example比如，此处列举庄子的观点作为例子，故填example。 14.and 考查连词。此处用并列连词并列两种观念，故填and。 15.humans 考查名词。此处是原词复现，上午提到“Heaven…earth…humans”之间的关系，故此处填humans。 16.its 考查代词。句意：这三者中的每个（元素）都有它们自己的（运作）方式。 17.been 考查动词。句子谓语部分是第三人称单数的现在完成时，缺少过去分词，故填been。 18.take 考查动词和固定搭配。固定搭配：take action采取行动。 19.power 考查名词和固定搭配。固定搭配：power station发电站。 20.from 考查介词。句意：电是从水、风、太阳中（转化）来。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$