03 动词的时态---2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 03 动词的时态 知识导图 考点一 一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加-s或-es。动词第三人称单数的构成方式如下: 构成方法 例子 一般在词尾加-s work—works; spend—spends 在以o,s, x, ch, sh等字母结尾的动词之后加-es do—does; go—goes;pass—passes; wash—washes;  teach—teaches;mix—mixes 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es study—studies; try—tries 2. 一般现在时的用法 用法 例子 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用 I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 在条件、时间等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来(标志词:as soon as, if, when, until, unless) If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.如果明天下雨,我们将不去公园。 考点二 一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,即:主语+动词的过去式。动词过去式和过去分词的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下表是动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则: 构成方法 例子 一般动词后加-ed work—worked; walk—walked 词尾为e的动词,直接加-d arrive—arrived; love—loved 辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed study—studied; worry—worried 重读闭音节,且只有一个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写该辅音字母再加-ed stop—stopped; drop—dropped 2.一般过去时的用法 用法 例子 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等表示过去的时间状语连用 I got up at six this morning.今天早上我6点起床。 We visited a museum yesterday.昨天我们参观了一个博物馆。 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作 When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。 用于since引导的时间状语从句。主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时,since引导的时间状语从句要用一般过去时 He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.自从1990年这家工厂开办以来,他就在这里工作。 考点三 一般将来时 1.一般将来时的构成 一般将来时通常用“主语+will/be going to+动词原形”来表示,有些动词可以用“主语+be doing”形式来表示。 用法 例子 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday等表示将来的时间状语连用 Will you be back in two days? 你将在两天后回来吗? 当主语是I或we时,问句中一般使用shall表示征求对方意见 Where shall we meet tomorrow? 明天我们在哪里会面? be going to+动词原形,表示“计划、打算做某事”,常指已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事 What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算干什么? be doing有时表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。常用这种结构的动词有:go, come, leave, arrive等 She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。 考点四 现在进行时 1.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时的构成:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词和动名词的变化规则如下表: 构成方法 例子 一般在词尾加-ing work—working; study—studying 以不发音的e结尾的动词,需要去掉e后再加-ing come—coming; take—taking 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing stop—stopping; swim—swimming 少数几个以ie结尾的单音节动词,须变ie为y后,再加-ing die—dying; tie—tying; lie—lying 3. 现在进行时用法 注意： (1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如: —What are you doing? 你在干什么? —I’m reading English.我在读英语。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如: They are studying hard this term.他们这个学期学习一直很努力。 (3)come,go,leave,arrive等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如: The bus is coming soon.公共汽车不久就会来了。 (4)在由while(当……时候)引导的状语从句中,动词通常要用进行时。如: While you are sitting on the grass, I’ll read you the novel.当你坐在草地上时,我会给你读小说。 考点六 过去进行时 1.过去进行时的构成 过去进行时的构成:主语+was/were+动词的现在分词 2.过去进行时的用法 用法 例子 表示在过去的某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与this time yesterday, at that time, then, at 9:00 last Sunday morning, all night等表示过去的时间状语连用 —What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天的这个时候你在做什么? —I was watching TV. 我在看电视。 表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个过去的动作正在进行。过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。 When I was watering the garden, it began to rain. 当我在花园浇水时,突然下雨了。 While we were having a party, the lights went out. 当我们正举行聚会时,灯突然灭了。 表示两个过去的动作同时进行,这时可用连接词while连接。 I was writing while my mother was cooking. 我在写作时,我妈妈在煮饭。 George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio. 乔治在看书,而他的妻子在听收音机。 “was going+动词不定式”表示过去打算做某事 He was going to be our team leader.他原打算当我们的队长 考点六 现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词。否定句应在have/has后加not变为haven’t/hasn’t;疑问句应将have/has放到句子主语之前。 I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。 —Have you found your lost pen yet? 你找到丢失的笔了吗?　 —No, I haven’t found it yet.不,我还没有找到。 2.现在完成时的用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just等。其中already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;yet常放在句末,在疑问句中表示“已经”,在否定句中表示“还”。如: I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。 —Have you found your lost pen yet? 你找到丢失的笔了吗?　 —No, I haven’t found it yet.不,我还没有找到。 (2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常与for或since短语连用,该类用法中要求谓语动词必须使用延续性动词(简称“长命动词”)。在该用法中应将短暂性动词(简称“短命动词”)转化为延续性动词。常见的转化如下: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow/lend have/keep become be begin/start be on come/go back be back close be closed catch a cold have a cold die be dead fall/get/become＋adj./prep. be＋adj./prep. finish/end/stop be over marry be married join be in.../be a member of leave be away make friends be friends open be open get to/reach/arrive (in/at) be (in)/stay (in/at) 如:We have lived here since 2000.从2000年开始我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去) I have learnt English for three years.我学英语3年了。 注意:for后接时间段,since后接表示过去的时间点或时间状语从句。对时间状语提问时,用how long。如: I’ve known Li Lei for five years.=I’ve known Li Lei since five years ago.我认识李磊已经5年了。 (3)时间状语(标志词) ①already(肯定句), yet(否定句、疑问句), never, ever, just, twice　②since+过去时间点/过去时从句; for+时间段(提问用how long)　③so far　④单独的before 　⑤in the past/last 200 years, over the years 分层优练 夯实基础 一、语法点单句特训 1.We 　　　　a meeting.Come and join in.  A.were having　 B.are having　 C.had　 D.have been 2.—Congratulations! You ______big progress in the last three years.  —Thank you, Mr.Li.I’ll never forget the good times in Junior High. A.make　 B.made　 C.have made　 D.will make 3.—May I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home.She 　　　　since last month.  A.left　 B.has left　　 C.has been away　D.went away 4.In the future, vocational(职业的)students 　　　　it easier to get jobs.  A.found　 B.have found 　 C.will find 5.—Bruce 　　　　so much in the past two years.  —Yeah, he 　　　　be shy, but now he is confident and active.  A.has changed; used to　 B.changed; is used to C.changed; used to　 D.has changed; is used to 6.—Jane, I called you last night but nobody answered. —Oh, my parents and I 　　　　a walk in the park at that time.  A.are taking　 B.were taking　 C.have taken 7.We hope 　　　　a computer on every student’s desk in the future.  A.there is　 B.there was　 C.there will be D.there has been 8.—Excuse me, what is Nick doing? —Look! He 　　　　flowers outside.  A.waters　　　 B.watered　 C.is watering　　 D.has watered 9.When the teacher got into the classroom, Xiaoming 　　　　a novel.  A.read B.reads　　 C.is reading　　　 D.was reading 10.—I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. —I 　　　　.It’s not safe.  A. agree B.agreed　　 C.will agree D.had agreed 二、所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.Your shoes look so nice.Could you tell me where you(buy) ____________them?  2.Tina(learn)____________English for more than 10 years, so now she can speak English well.  3.My teacher told me light (travel) ____________faster than sound.  4.—Andy, what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon? —I (watch) ____________the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.  5.Xia Sen (live) ____________a simple life and saves her money for donations.  6.Mr.Smith (learn) ____________Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.  7.—Shhh! Be quiet.I’m on the phone. —Who _____you _______ (talk) to, Mom?  8.Don’t leave your toys on the table, or I________ (throw) them away.  9.—I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in. —Sorry, I 　 (talk)with the manager in the meeting room at that time.  10.—China’s high-speed railway technology_________(lead) the world now.  —That’s true.It has developed rapidly over the past years. 三、小语篇特训 (1) 语法选择 Since I was a child, I 　1　 to say“Can I take your order?” I have to do this because I work in my family’s restaurant after school.My father is a good cook.He always 　2　 me, his only son, to cook with him.I always say to my father, “I really 　3　 like cooking.I don’t think it’s good to work in the kitchen and I don’t think I will be a good cook when I grow up.” Because of the restaurant,my father is always too busy.He never 　4　 time to play football with me.Every time he comes back from work, I 　5　 in my room.It is hard for us to see each other a day.  ( )1.A.have learnt　　 B.learns　 C.will learn ( )2.A.wanted　 B.wants 　 C.have wanted ( )3.A.didn’t 　 B.don’t　　　 C.doesn’t　 ( )4.A.have　 B.has　 C.was having　 ( )5.A.will sleep　 B.has slept　 C.am sleeping (2) 短文填空 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 Many years ago, most people 6.　 ___ (make) a living through farming.The ox was used to work on the farm and carry heavy things.The ox 7.　 (have) a rather important place in Chinese culture for a long time.Ancient Chinese poets and writers often 8. ____________ (describe) the ox in their work.In The Book of Songs, the animal 9. ______ (be) mentioned many times.The ox is considered a symbol of diligence(勤奋)and honesty in Chinese culture.To this day, the phrase “the spirit of the ox” still refers to(指的是)overcoming anything that 10.____________(prevent) you achieving success.The spirit 11. (encourage) more and more young people to work hard.  语篇提升 一、语法选择 Did you know that some dogs have jobs just like people do? A dog has better senses than a person, so dogs are actually better 　1　 some jobs than people.For example, dogs have excellent hearing.A dog can hear things you 　2　, such as someone talking a few houses away.Dogs also have a very powerful sense of smell.A dog’s sense of smell is almost 50 times better than a 　3　 . Though dogs can do many different jobs, the job that is suitable (合适) for a dog 　4　 its size, IQ and skills.  You may have seen a search-and-rescue dog.The dogs’ great senses of smell 　5　 to find people who get lost.They might help find someone lost after 6　 earthquake.Search-and-rescue dogs are usually smart, large dogs.They can keep on working for many hours without getting tired.  Other dogs work by guiding people and helping 　7　 get from place to place.Guide dogs help people with poor eyesight 　8　 make their way across busy streets, up steps and inside shopping centers.Such dogs have to be large too, and cannot be afraid of cars, loud noises or strangers.  A working dog visits elderly people in nursing homes and hospitals 　9　 people feel better and 　10　 lonely.These dogs don’t have to be big and strong.They can be small, cute and easy to train and get along with.  ( )1.A.at　 B.for　 C.with ( )2.A.can’t　 B.mustn’t　 C.needn’t ( )3.A.person 　 B.person’s　 C.persons’ ( )4.A.will depend on　B.depends on　 C.depended on ( )5.A.use　 B.are used　 C.were used ( )6.A./　 B.a　 C.an ( )7.A.they　 B.them　 C.their ( )8.A.safe　 B.safety　 C.safely ( )9.A.making 　 B.to making　 C.to make ( )10.A.less　　　 B.least　 C.the least 二、短文填空 Miss Wang recently had a worrying experience. One morning, just as she arrived at her 11. , Wang noticed some missed calls from her mother.Right away, she 12.　 her mother back quickly.To her surprise, Wang found her mother only wanted her charger (充电器), which Wang took to the office 13.　 　___ mistake. Her mother was worried that her phone would 14. out of power as she continued using it.Because her mother 15.　 ____ eight hours a day playing games, reading news and watching short videos online.And her mother has problems like poor eyesight, headache 16.　 　 so on. This story is not special and Wang’s mother is not alone.She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones. As the old have17._________ chances to join in social activities, a smart phone is the best way to kill time.  This story is not special and Wang’s mother is not alone.She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones. As the old have But too much time on phone can cause many problems.“Be careful when using your phones, 18.　 　 you will be easily fooled!” 19.　 　 the old are always warned like this, online frauds (欺骗) still happen to them.  For the old, they should control their screen time and get enough rest. For the young, they should often help the old learn more about online safety so that they can protect 20.　 . Also, the young can do more activities with the old like talking, walking and traveling, or encourage them to learn something at the universities for the aged.  参考答案： 夯实基础 一、1~5　BCCCA　6~10　BCCDA 二、1.bought　2.has learned　3.travels　4.was watching　5.lives 6.has learned　7.are; talking　8.will throw　9.was talking 10.is leading 三、(1)1~5　ABBBC (2) 6.made　7.has had　8.described　9.is　10.prevents11.encourages 语篇提升 一、1.A 考查介词。固定搭配：be good at擅长，故选A。 2.A 考查情态动词。前文提及 “A dog can hear…”，此处句意指狗能听到人不能听到的，前后一致，故选A。 3.B 考查名词所有格。此处应用名词性物主代词，且空前有a修饰，空处应为单数，故选B。 4.B 考查动词时态。主语the job是第三人称单数，且全文时态为一般现在时，故选B。 5.B 考查被动语态。主语和谓语是被动关系，且全文时态为一般现在时，故选B。 6.C 考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指，且earthquake是以元音音素开头，故选C。 7.B 考查代词。分句缺少宾语，故此处填宾格，选B。 8.C 考查副词。副词修饰动词help，故选C。 9.C 考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式表目的，句意指为了让人们感觉更好……，故选C。 10.A 考查形容词比较等级。and前面的形容词better是比较级，前后一致，故选A。 二、11. office 考查名词。原词复现，根据下文“Wang took to the office”可知此处填office。 12. called/phoned 考查动词。原词复现，下文提到“Her mother was worried that her phone…”可知Miss Wang是打电话给她母亲。 13.by 考查介词和固定搭配。by mistake 错误地，句意指的是Miss Wang带错了她母亲的充电器去办公室。 14.run/be 考查动词和固定搭配。固定搭配：run/be out of用完，句意：她的母亲担心她的手机如果继续使用的话会没电。 15.spends 考查动词和固定搭配。固定搭配：spend+时间+doing sth. 花费时间做某事，全文时态为一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填spends。 16.and 考查固定搭配。and so on诸如此类，此处是列举Wang的母亲身体的一些病症。 17.fewer/no 考查形容词（比较级）。上下文提到，越来越多的老年人把玩手机当作消遣时间的方式，可知这种现象是因为他们参加社会活动的机会变少或者几乎没有，故填fewer/no。 18.or 考查连词。or否则，句意：使用手机的时候要小心，否则你会很容易受骗。 19.Although/Though 考查连词。根绝下文提到网络诈骗仍然发生在他们身上，可知此处应为让步状语从句，故填Although/Though。 20.themselves 考查代词。句意：……以便他们可以保护他们自己。   原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$