02 动词和动词短语---2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 02 动词和动词短语 知识导图 考点一有关动词的基本知识(本考点为动词的基本知识,虽不会直接出题,但也要了解,对掌握和理解其他考点有帮助。) 1.动词的基本形式 (1)动词原形 原形是动词最基本的形式,没有作任何变化,如like, come, watch, play, run, wash等。 (2)第三人称单数形式 在一般现在时中,当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,句中的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。动词的第三人称单数形式一般在动词原形后面加-s或-es构成。详细规则如下: 情况 变化方法 例子 一般情况 在动词末尾加-s read—reads,  make—makes 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 在动词末尾加-es teach—teaches,   go—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 改y为i,再加-es carry—carries,   fly—flies 不规则变化 / be—am/is/are, have—has (3)现在分词 在进行时中,动词原形要改为现在分词。现在分词一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。详细规则如下: 情况 变化方法 例子 一般情况 在动词末尾加-ing work—working, go—going 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e,再加-ing come—coming,  make—making 以ie结尾的动词(初中共3个) 改ie为y,再加-ing die—dying, lie—lying,tie—tying 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 先双写这一辅音字母,再加-ing get—getting, run—running (4)过去式 在一般过去时中,动词原形要改为过去式。过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。详细规则如下: 情况 变化方法 例子 一般情况 在动词末尾加-ed work—worked, want—wanted 以e结尾的动词 直接加-d dance—danced, hope—hoped (5)过去分词 在完成时态和被动语态中,动词原形要改为过去分词。规则动词的过去分词同过去式。 2.及物动词和不及物动词 动词根据能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表: 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 如: love, need, ask,  want, have等 主要用于下列三种句型中:①动词+宾语;②动词+宾语+宾补;③动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ①Would you please open the  window?请你打开窗户好吗? ②We call him Bill.我们叫他比尔。 ③May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗? 不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语。 如:happen, come, go, run, work等 / ①Horses run fast.马跑得快。 ②They work in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。 考点二 系动词、助动词(本考点为动词的基本知识,考查频率较低,但也要了解、掌握,对完成回答问题和理解其他考点有帮助。) 分类 定义 常见词 例子 系 动 词 本身有意义,但不能单独作谓语,须和表语构成谓语部分。这些词没有被动语态形式,通常不用于进行时态。 ①be动词 My father is a doctor. 我父亲是一名医生。 ②五变:be/become(变成), turn(变色等), get(变温等), go(变质等) be/become happy, turn blue, get  warm/dark, go bad(变质) ③五感官:look(看起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来), feel(摸起来) The mountain looks so beautiful.这座山看起来真漂亮。 It sounds great!这听起来很棒! 助 动 词 助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称、数和时态的变化。 ①is, am, are, was,were, isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, am not Tom is reading a book under the tree.汤姆正在树下看一本书。(is帮助构成进行时) ②do, does, did, doesn’t, don’t, didn’t What did you do last Saturday?上星期六你做了什么?(did用于构成疑问句) ③will,won’t,have,haven’t,has,hasn’t Will you go to Beijing tomorrow?你们明天去北京吗?(will帮助构成一般将来时) 考点三 情态动词 ①只作情态动词的有: must, can(could), may(might); ②可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有: need, dare; ③可作情态动词也可作助动词的有: will(would), shall (should); ④具有情态动词的某些特征的有: have to, ought to。 2.情态动词的特征 ①有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。 ②无人称和数的变化(have to例外:用于第三人称单数时用has to)。如: We must stay here.我们必须待在这儿。 We have to walk home.我们不得不步行回家。 He has to walk home.他不得不步行回家。 ③后接动词原形,即不带to的不定式。如: She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。 ④具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。如: —Can you sing an English song?你会唱英语歌吗?　 —Yes, I can.是的,我会。 情态动词记忆口诀 情态动词一要点,动词原形跟后面。can“能够”,may“许可”。must“责任”或“义务”,否定回答needn’t换。need“需要”,should“应该”,would“愿”,have to“被迫”表客观。 考点四 动词短语(本考点为完形填空和短文填空的高频考点) （1）同一动词型 Look look for寻找　　　　　　look after照顾;看管　　　 　　look around环顾四周 look up查找(在字典或参考书中);抬头看 look at看…… look like看起来像…… look through 浏览 look down upon看轻 look over仔细检查 look out 向外看 turn turn on打开(电器,水龙头等)　turn off关上(电器,水龙头等) turn up开大(音量,煤气)　　　turn down关小(音量,煤气);拒绝 fall fall off从……掉下来 　 fall behind落后　 fall over摔跤,跌倒在地　 fall down跌倒;倒塌 put put away收拾好,放好 　 put on穿上　 put…down把……放下　 put up举起;张贴;建造 send send for派人去请 　 send away开除,除名　 send up发射 send out发出 take take a rest休息一会　 take a walk散步　 take away拿走 　take off脱掉,(飞机)起飞 take…to… 把……拿到(带到)……　　take one’s time别着急 pay pay for付钱　pay back还债,偿还　pay off付清,偿清(债务) talk talk about谈论……(事)　talk with与……交谈　talk over商量 have a cold着凉,伤风　 have a good time玩得高兴　have a look at看一看 　 have a match比赛 have a rest休息一会儿 have a talk谈话 have to不得不 have classes上课 have breakfast(lunch,supper)吃早饭(午饭,晚饭) want want to do sth.想做某事　　　　　　want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 help help sb.with sth.在某方面帮助某人　help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 agree agree with sb.同意某人的意见　　 　agree to sth.同意某事 （2） “动词+介词”型 come up with 想出,提出　 make friends with 和……交朋友keep in touch with 和……保持联系 carry on 继续进行 　 live on 以……为食　 depend on 取决于　 hold on 坚持,等一等 grow up长大　　 　 cheer up使……高兴　　　 hurry up赶快　　　 look up查阅 give up放弃 make up编造;化妆 pick up捡起;接载 take up占用;开始某事 ring up打电话 stay up熬夜 set up建立 put up张贴;举起 care for照顾;照料　 wait for等待　 wake up醒来 ask for请求;恳求　 send for派人去叫;请(某人)来　 die for为……而死　 pay for付费;付出代价　 prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻;查找　 stand for是……的缩写;代表 apply for申请 分层优练 夯实基础 一、语法点单句特训 1.The book 　　　　be Mary’s. We can see her name on it.  A.need　 B.must　 C.can’t　 D.needn’t 2.—Must we wear the school clothes tomorrow, Mr. Wang? —No, you 　　　　. Only on Mondays. Tomorrow is Tuesday.  A.mustn’t　　 B.needn’t　　 C.can’t D.shouldn’t 3.—Paul, have you tried this chicken? It’s a special in Luzhou and has been introduced in the TV program A Bite of China. —Yes, it 　　　　hot but delicious.  A. eats　 B.looks　 C.tastes　 D.sees 4.—Good news! The Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft has been sent into space successfully. —That 　　　　exciting and encouraging!  A.turns　 B.tastes 　 C.sounds　 D.smells 5.My aunt offered me a dictionary and I 　　　it happily.  A.accepted　　B.invited　　 C.mixed　 D.grew 6—You can 　　　　between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.  —I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better. A.decide　　　B.guess　　　C.hide　　 D.wait 7.—Jack, tell me how to _______this information.   —All right, Grandma. You can type it on this keyboard. A.delete　　　B.enter　　　C.collect　　D.receive 8.He thanked me for 　　　　the mistakes in his homework.  A.going out　　 B.pointing out　　 C.turning on 　 D.putting on 9.—Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping? —Sure. She is called the mother who 　　　　the stars.  A.gave out　 B.put away　　　 C.looked after　　 D.reached for 10.The traditional Chinese lunar calendar 　　　　a year 　　　　24 solar terms (节气).  A.divides; into B.mixes; with C.translates; into D.covers; with 二、小语篇特训 (1)完形填空 I used to think my body shape was something out of my control. All my family are fat. I would become a fat person because of the genes(基因).So I 　1　 doing anything to change that. I didn’t care what I 　2　 or drank, and I didn’t do exercise either.As a result, I got fat and was in poor health. When seeing my doctor, I 　3　 if I’d like to help myself to be healthy. I said I was fat because of my family. He 　4　 his head and said I was wrong. He told me that my genes only gave me a two percent chance of being fat. However, my lifestyle 　5　 me to be fat.  ( )1.A.think about B.give up 　 C.ask for 　 D.look for ( )2.A.thought　 B.hoped C.ate　 D.needed ( )3.A.was asked B.was doubted　 C.was explained　　 D.was worried ( )4.A.hit　 B.touched　 C.nodded　 D.shook ( )5.A.decided　 B.reminded　 C.warned　 D.supported (2)短文填空 A rich man 6.　 in a small town. He was very rich but his son had started hanging out with a bad crowd. The father 7.　 to warn his son about this, but failed because his son wouldn’t listen.One day, an old wise man came to the town.The father went to the wise man to 8. _　 for advice. After 9.　 for a while, the wise man replied, “Send your son to me tomorrow morning. I will talk to him and 10.____________him what to do.”  语篇提升 一、语法选择 Two years ago, I took a bus to visit a friend living on a farm. My friend promised to pick 　1　 up from the bus station. Once I got off the bus, I pulled my two suitcases (行李箱) and walked to the pick-up area. Unluckily, my friend got stuck in the heavy traffic and I had to wait for an hour at the pick-up area. To make things 　2　 , it started raining half an hour later. Looking around, I was sad 　3　 that there was no place to take shelter from the rain. Just as I was feeling helpless, a man driving a car stopped in front of me and gave me an umbrella. I asked 　4　 his address so I could mail it back when I finished using it. To my surprise, the man said, “You don’t have to return it. Just pass the umbrella on to someone else when your car 　5　.” 　6　 my friend finally showed up, I gave the umbrella to a lady carrying a baby that just arrived at the pick-up area. Before I left, I asked her to give it to 　7　 else in need of 　8　 umbrella. When I arrived at my 　9　 farm, I was very tired, but happy that I was able to pass 　10　 on to others.  ( )1.A.I 　 B.me　 C.myself ( )2.A.good　 B.worse 　 C.worst ( )3.A.hearing　 B.to hear　 C.to hearing ( )4.A.on 　 B.in　 C.for ( )5.A.arrived　 B.will arrive　 C.arrives ( )6.A.When　 B.Although　 C.Because　 ( )7.A.nobody　 B.anybody　 C.everybody ( )8.A./　 B.the　 C.a　 ( )9.A.friend’s　 B.friends’　 C.friend　 ( )10.A.kind　 B.kindly　 C.kindness 2、 完形填空 Bing Dwen Dwen is a panda in an ice shell. It became one of the most 　11　 toys in the world. Two years ago, Bing Dwen Dwen was 　12　 as the mascot(吉祥物)for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The design was chosen from 5,816 works from 38 areas and 　13　 around the world. Cao Xue is the chief designer of Bing Dwen Dwen. He said the idea first 　14　 the traditional Chinese snack bingtanghulu. But a simple snack couldn’t stand for a country by itself. Cao’s team tried many animals and plants and finally decided on a 　15　. “We don’t need to 　16　 anything to help people understand it across different cultures,” said Cao.   However, there were already too many cartoon characters of pandas. The mascot needed to be original(独创的) and 　17　. Cao first decided that it should be a baby panda instead of a(n) 　18　 one. This decided the body 　19　 of Bing Dwen Dwen—its body has the same length as its head.  Cao’s team looked all around the world to collect all the pandas they could find. They wanted to make sure their panda looked different. Through their hard work, they won people’s heart 　20　. We really thank Cao’s team for bringing the lovely mascot to us.  ( )11. A. clever　 B. popular C. kind 　 D. pretty ( )12. A. chosen　 B. made　 C. turned　 D. brought ( )13. A. towns　 B. cities　 C. countryside D. countries ( )14. A. came from B. learnt from C. heard from　 D. got from ( )15. A. tiger　 B. monkey C. panda　 D. snake ( )16. A. guess　 B. share　 C. explain　 D. prove ( )17. A. creative　 B. handsome C. fat 　 D. heavy ( )18. A. huge　 B. wild　 C. small　 D. adult ( )19. A. color　 B. cover　 C. shape　 D. height ( )20. A. quickly　 B. easily　 C. successfully D. bravely 三、短文填空 Li Zixuan is a middle school student. He has had many dreams 21.　 he was little. But as time goes by, some new 22.　 have appeared and some old ones have disappeared. However, only one dream is still in his mind.  Li Zixuan says that when he was a child, he heard about rockets and spaceships. At first, he didn’t know 23. _　 they were. From his father, he knew something interesting about them. From then on, he has had a real interest 24. _ 　 space. Every time he sees beautiful stars and the moon in the 25.　 　 at night, he gets very excited. He is always dreaming that 26.　 　 can fly to space to look at the earth one day.  He knows not everyone 27.　 　 a chance to travel into space. More importantly, before he can 28.　 　 into space, he must be trained specially.  Li Zixuan knows it’s not easy to 29. his dream, but he decides to try his best. He says,“I’ve had this dream for many years. Even if it doesn’t come 30.　 in the end, I won’t be sorry. It has brought me a lot of joy and always gives me power.”  参考答案： 一、1~5　BBCCA　6~10　ABBDA 二、(1)1~5　BCADA (2)6.lived　7.tried　8.ask　9.thinking　10.tell 语篇提升 一、1.B 考查代词。分析句子成分可知句子缺少宾语，因此此处填代词宾格，故选B。 2.B 考查形容词比较等级。句意：让事情变得更糟的是……，故选B。 3.B 考查动词不定式。固定搭配：be sad to do sth. 伤心地做某事，故选B。 4.C 考查介词。固定搭配：ask for sth. 询问某事，句意：我询问了他的地址……，故选C。 5.C 考查动词时态。根据语境可知此处时态应与引号内的时态一致，故选C。 6.A 考查连词。句意：当我的朋友终于出现时，我把伞给了一个刚到接送区不久的女士，她带着一个婴儿。根据句意选A。 7.B 考查不定代词。句意：在我离开之前，我让她把伞给任何有需要（这把伞）的人。根据句意可知选B。 8.B 考查冠词。前文已经提及伞，因此在这里要用定冠词the修饰umbrella表特指，故选B。 9.A 考查名词所有格。空格后是名词，因此空格与my构成形容词性物主代词，且根据上文可知my friend是单数，故选A。 10.C 考查名词。句意：……我感到非常疲倦，但是（我）很开心我能把善意传递给别人。根据句意，选C。 二、11.B 考查形容词辨析。四个选项中只有B项的最高级需要使用most，排除法，选B。 12.A 考查动词辨析。固定搭配：be chosen as被选作，根据句意可知冰墩墩被选作2022北京冬奥会的吉祥物，故选A。 13.D 考查名词辨析。根据提示词around the world可知此处应填地区与国家，故选D。 14.A 考查动词短语辨析。根据句意可知，设计师说这个理念一开始是来自传统中华小吃——冰糖葫芦，come from来自，故选A。 15.C 考查名词辨析。根据常识以及下文“it should be a baby panda”可知，冰墩墩的外形设计采用熊猫作为范本，故选C。 16.C 考查动词辨析。句意：我们不需要解释就能让各个文化背景的人们理解它（的设计理念）。explain解释，故选C。 17.A 考查形容词辨析。根据and前的提示词original可知此空应填与其相近的，creative有创意的，故选A。 18.D 考查形容词辨析。根据“a baby panda”和“instead of”可知此处应填与baby相反意义的词，adult成年的，故选D。 19.C 考查名词辨析。句意：他们决定了冰墩墩的身体的形状，shape形状，故选C。 20.C 考查副词辨析。句意：他们通过努力，成功地赢得了人们的心。根据句意选C。 三、21.since 考查连词。根据提示词has had可知此处应填现在完成时标志词since。 22.dreams 考查名词。此处是原词复现，根据下文“only one dream”和修饰词some可知填dreams。 23.what 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：起初，他不知道他们的职业。 24.in 考查介词。in space在太空中。 25.sky 考查名词。根据常识可知，星星和月亮是在天空的，故填sky。 26.he 考查代词。从句缺少主语，故填主格he。 27.has 考查动词和固定搭配。固定搭配：have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事，从句主语everyone是第三人称单数，结合上下文时态可知填一般现在时，故填has。 28.travel 考查动词。此处是原词复现，上文提及“travel into space”，情态动词后接动词原形，故填travel。 29.achieve/realize 考查动词不定式。句意：Li Zixuan知道要实现他的梦想并不容易。achieve/realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想，to后接动词原形，故填achieve/realize。 30.true 考查形容词和固定搭配。固定搭配：come true实现，前面提到了要实现梦想，故填true。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$