第01辑期末暑假 专题04 阅读理解议论文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟） 第01辑：2024年期末考试暑假专辑 专题04 阅读理解议论文 （提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）原卷版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 1 模拟专区 7 技能专区： 冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 社会现象类议论文阅读解题技巧 这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。 1、浏览试题，明确要求。 在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。 2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。 在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。 3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。 通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。 4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。 在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。 5、进行合理的推理判断。 对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。 6、认真复读，验证答案。 要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。 真题专区： 练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！ 01 2024新高考I卷 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 02-2023全国乙卷 If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people. C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice.D. Society. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 03-2024全国甲卷 “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending? A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 模拟专区： 做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ （23-24高二下·浙江温州·期末）“ChatGPT is a computer program that can understand and respond to text like a person. It’s like havinga conversation with a very smart robot,” says ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence text generator. In November of 2022, the computer program ChatGPT generated significant public interest across the globe for its broad applications and commercial value. This AI model demonstrated its ability to perform a variety of tasks, from generating book summaries, recommendations, and personal research assistance, to drafting college SOPs, essays, and emails. According to Ehsan Hoque, Associate Professor of Computer Science at UR, while the concepts used to build ChatGPT are not entirely new, combining them with this AI model marks a significant achievement in the field of AI engineering. With that being said, the system has also generated contention over its possible violation of academic honesty. The use of ChatGPT for homework assignments is a growing concern for professors across the globe. The University, on the other hand, has not addressed or made a statement on this matter. There are potential academic violations for homework and exams. One such case is Professor of Political Science and Business David Primo. He entered one of his previous test questions into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT got it exactly correct. Despite concerns, Primo understands that the issue of academic honesty is a concern that has existed and will exist forever. He talks about this as well as the many other negative uses of the internet, saying “The internet makes it easy to spread hateful messages and pirate music, but do you want to go back to a time where you couldn’t bank online, or listen to music online?” Primo also pictures this technological advancement being integrated into classes and assessments in the future. “Universities should move slowly here and let faculty members experiment with various approaches to AI and adapt to a world of AI,” said Primo. 1．What makes the program a great breakthrough? A．Its ability to perform various tasks. B．Its achievements in learning technology. C．Its wide application and commercial value. D．The combination of its concept and AI model. 2．What does the underlined word in the third paragraph mean? A．dispute B．support C．disadvantage D．mistake 3．What might Primo agree with regarding the use of ChatGPT? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It has little impact on academia. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．It should be prohibited for academic integrity. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．ChatGPT demonstrates its great strength. B．ChatGPT generates great argument. C．ChatGPT arouses significant public interest. D．ChatGPT causes the potential academic violations. （23-24高二下·江苏·期末）ChatGPT, a powerful AI chatbot tool, has swept the world in the past months. While it has been dominating social media with its frighteningly good essays, ChatGPT has also caused both excitement and worries in education. According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of the respondents had used ChatGPT to help with a homework assignment. Some students even got high scores thanks to papers written by ChatGPT. Some universities and schools have banned the use of ChatGPT, such as public schools in New York City, CNN reported. The move comes along with growing concerns that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on assignments and be used to spread inaccurate information. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success,” Jenna Lyle, the vice press secretary of the New York City Department of Education, said in a statement. Apart from strict bans, teachers are redesigning their courses in an attempt to block the use of ChatGPT. Some college professors in the US are now including more oral exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones, The New York Times reported. However, not all educators are saying “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are not planning on banning the tool. Instead, they are drafting policies on its proper usage, for both students and lecturers. Bhaskar Vira, vice-president for education at University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not sensible (合理的). “I’m of the opinion that we have to recognize that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚实) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university. Vira’s opinion on ChatGPT is shared by Petervan der Putten, assistant professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “It’s there, just how like Google is there. You can write it into your policies for stopping cheating but it’s a reality that the tool exists,” he told Sky News. 5．According to the passage, what can ChatGPT help students do? A．Enrich their school life. B．Hand in better papers. C．Improve their writing skills. D．Spread correct information. 6．What are the professors in US doing to cope with ChatGPT? A．Making policies to ban the use of the tool. B．Requiring students to write papers by hand. C．Making laws to recognize the use of the tool. D．Preventing students from spreading inaccurate information. 7．Which of the following may Vira agree to about using ChatGPT? A．Grasp all, lose all. B．Practice makes perfect. C．No pains, no gains. D．Every coin has two sides. 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．ChatGPT: An answer giver? B．ChatGPT: A perfect tool? C．ChatGPT: A homework designer? D．ChatGPT: A cheat helper? （23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）How often in your busy life when faced with an issue or a problem do you consider subtraction (减法)? Every day, with big and small challenges, we ignore a basic way to make things better. We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. We collect new-and-improved ideas, but don’t delete the outdated ones. Do your resolutions more often start with “I should do more of…” than with “I should do less of…”? Do you add new rules in your household or workplace more often than you take rules away? In our striving to improve our lives, our work and our society, we overwhelmingly add. Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. The valid subtraction solution produced a stronger outcome. Why do we ignore the option to subtract from what is already there? Why do we fail to use subtraction as a way to change things? Firstly, behavioural science suggests that our brains are wired to ignore subtraction. Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. We are tricked by our mindset. Further, we have a tendency to think addition or subtraction; however, they can be complementary (互补的) ways to make changes. So we ignore subtraction because it is often harder to think of. Moreover, even when we do manage to think of it, subtracting can be harder to perform. In chemistry, valency (化合价) refers to an elemental force that is not necessarily visible but helps explain the elements’ behaviour. Psychological valency is the inner attractiveness or strong dislike of something. There is a negative valency around subtracting. Even the word subtraction has a negative valency. Subtraction is the act of getting to less but it is not the same as doing less. Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful! 9．What do people usually do when faced with problems in life? A．Adopt subtraction. B．Stop doing things. C．Add new rules. D．Abandon outdated ideas. 10．How did the author prove his viewpoint? A．By comparing examples. B．By conducting a survey. C．By analyzing statistics. D．By citing a typical test. 11．What causes people to ignore the option of subtraction? A．Initial fixed mindset. B．Resistance to change. C．Flexible mental desire. D．Expectation for success. 12．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．State possible reasons. B．Offer valuable advice. C．Give some warnings. D．Provide useful proof. （23-24高二上·山东德州·期末）The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price. All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation. No longer so, I am guessing. It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused. Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away. All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light! 13．What do people often do at the garage sale? A．Purchase a garage. B．Label their belongings. C．Talk about decoration. D．Trade their unused stuff. 14．Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2? A．To call for respect towards the elderly. B．To advocate holding onto the family tradition. C．To show the financial condition of an average family. D．To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills. 15．What does the author believe according to paragraph 4? A．It is a good idea to save money. B．A good taste counts in purchase. C．Unused items deserve a new owner. D．The outdated should be thrown away. 16．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on people to get rid of hoarding. B．To show his worry about wasting resources. C．To draw attention to conserving the traditions. D．To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things. （23-24高二上·河南洛阳·期末）Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economist s predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. But could even the admired profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators? At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class. Despite that, some believe the future of education will be technological. Futurist Thomas Frey, from Business Insider magazine, predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.” He thinks that ‘bots’— online robot teachers will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress (压缩) an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “idiosyncrasies”“interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time,” according to Frey. Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face inspiration of a classroom environment, the majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to keep motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master. Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs. 17．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．Teaching by robots can be replaced. B．The advantages of face-to-face teaching. C．Human teachers will be replaced by robots. D．The potential of the electronic educators. 18．What does the underlined word “idiosyncrasies” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Personalities. B．Senses. C．Nationalities. D．Families. 19．Why are Udemy and Khan Academy mentioned? A．To tell how online learning is progressing. B．To show the significance of online learning. C．To explain people how online learning works. D．To suggest the shortcomings of online learning. 20．What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A．How robots will change in the future. B．How artificial intelligence will destroy jobs. C．How educators will meet the future challenge. D．How electronic educators will lose their jobs. （23-24高二上·四川德阳·期末）When people wanted to find their way to a place in the past, they used to have to buy a map. They don’t have to do that any more. Now they can either buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere. Is this an improvement? Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on their roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country. One of these cars arrived on a Wednesday morning in the quiet English village of Broughton. The camera was on a metre-high pole on top of the car and could see over walls and into people’s gardens. Some of the villagers came and stood around the car, and asked the driver and photographer to go away. Journalists quickly arrived on the scene, and soon the event was news all over the country. Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the Internet want. But Broughton residents feel differently. “We used to have privacy in this country. Now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking,” said one resident. “It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.” There is, of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the residents cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: OK, it’s legal, but is it right? This is a question that won’t go away very quickly. 21．Why did the car with a camera on the car roof come to Broughton? A．To test whether their GPS works in the village. B．To investigate for a law case for the country. C．To spy on villagers and their life in Broughton. D．To collect information for their online maps. 22．What can be inferred about the incident in Broughton? A．The incident drew people’s attention all over the world. B．The incident made online maps popular among the local residents. C．The local residents were curious about what these people were doing. D．The local residents were upset about their privacy not being respected. 23．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The law should be changed to protect the residents. B．The incident will remain a hot topic for people to discuss. C．The residents accept what the company was doing in their neighborhood. D．The residents can sue (控告) the company for violating their privacy. 24．What can be the best title of the passage? A．A strange car! B．It’s legal, but is it right? C．Say goodbye to paper maps. D．Privacy gives way to technology. （23-24高二上·河南焦作·期末）Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. These days, you have to make a decision on not only the percentage of fat you want, but also what source you want your milk to be coming from: cows, soybeans... You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused. This phenomenon is known as the paradox (悖论) of choice and it is becoming a concern in the modern world, where more and more options are becoming easily available to us. While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice. The idea was popularized by American psychologist Barry Schwartz when he published his book, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Schwartz, who has long studied the ways in which economics and psychology intersect (交叉), became interested in seeing the way that choices were affecting the happiness of citizens in Western societies. He identified that the range of choices that we have available to us these days is far greater than that people had in the past; however, consumer satisfaction has not increased as much as traditional economics theories might expect. Schwartz identified that the paradox of choice carries the most consequence for people that are maximizers. Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. When there are many options available to maximizers, it becomes harder for them to determine which is the best, which can cause them to feel a great deal of regret after they have made a choice. Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society. 25．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning buying milk in paragraph 1? A．To lead in the topic. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To show that we have more choices when shopping. D．To indicate that people pay greater attention to health when shopping. 26．What does the paradox of choice suggest? A．More options mean less satisfaction. B．Consumer satisfaction has greatly increased. C．People are happy with more choices. D．Modern people are happier than their ancestors. 27．What can be learned about satisficers? A．They aim for the very best. B．They tend to follow their feelings. C．They often regret their decisions. D．They have trouble making a decision. 28．What does Schwartz suggest people do? A．Hold on to their beliefs. B．Accept their own behavior. C．Give up freedom. D．Limit their own choices. （23-24高二上·湖南岳阳·期末）Technology is more than an abstract concept associated with advanced tools and systems. It also shapes the way people behave, grow and develop, both within their own lives and in their relationships with others. While technology has developed over thousands of years, the last century has seen an explosion in technology that has influenced fundamental changes in how humans see the world and interact with others. Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. There has been a debate going on whether technology is benefiting human communication or ruining (破坏) it. Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send emails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating on and about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates. However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them. With cell phones, most people think that it’s easier and more convenient to text instead of meeting in person. Lucas Lengacher, an undergraduate from Huntington University, claims in his article that at least 42.91% people respond to messages immediately yet only 2.83% people don’t check their phones in the morning. In his research he found that almost 60 percent of people felt disconnected from others around when they were on their phones. 29．Which has basically influenced human interaction according to the passage? A．People’s value. B．Social systems. C．Mobile devices. D．Communication skills. 30．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．The technology is benefiting human communication. B．The technology is ruining human communication. C．People began to communicate with e-mails. D．The outbreak of COVID-19 helps new technology develop. 31．What does Lucas’s research find? A．Phones are getting more and more popular. B．Phones disconnect us when we are together. C．People are eager for personal communication. D．People communicate less because of physical distance. 32．What is the author’s attitude to technology? A．Disappointed. B．Positive. C．Doubtful D．Objective （23-24高三上·广东深圳·期末）First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus. But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report. There are exceptions, however. At some colleges, students may be freed from the requirement if they are, for instance, commuters (通勤生), fifth-year seniors, at least 23 years of age or legally married. Residential housing at colleges is not limited to shared rooms and bathrooms. Alternatives include flats, apartments, Greek houses or living-learning communities for students with shared interests. On-campus students also have access to services and resources such as residence life staff who can help if a housing issue arises. When students live in a community, they are forced to live with different people, learn more about themselves and about the others, and tell each other their stories. On the other hand, off-campus living provides students with more independence, as they are not constrained by school housing policies. Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus. Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with. At first glance, off-campus housing can appear less expensive. But the additional expenses outside of rent — like utilities, groceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are often overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some students choose to overpack houses or apartments, sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house. Unlike off-campus housing, the total cost of living on campus is typically all-inclusive, coveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan. 33．Why do some colleges require all the students to live on campus? A．To keep them stay longer on campus for classes. B．To make sure all students can live in shared rooms. C．To make as much profit as possible for the colleges. D．To monitor all of their students as easily as possible. 34．What should students do before living off campus? A．They should find someone to take care of them. B．They should fully develop the ability to live alone. C．They should learn all aspects of off-campus living. D．They should seek accommodation through an agent. 35．What does the underlined word “overpack” in the last paragraph mean? A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload. 36．What is the best title for the text? A．Residential Housing At Different Colleges B．Choice Between Housing On or Off Campus C．Accommodation Situation For College Students D．Different Living Experience On or Off Campus （23-24高一下·江苏苏州·期末）People send messages every day on social media. These online conversations can have a huge impact and shape how societies make decisions. But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? We tried to use artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) to carry out this task. So, we did an online experiment with pairs of people discussing a challenging topic. In the first group, one participant (参与者) in each pair had an AI helper. The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful. It didn’t change the participant’s point of view, though! The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers. In the control group, the people had a conversation on the same topic but neither of the participants had an AI helper. After the discussions ended, the pairs shared their thoughts on how good the conversation was. In our study, the participants accepted the AI’s suggestions two thirds of the time. When they used the AI’s suggestions, the messages became more positive and polite. Participants whose partners used the AI reported feeling better about the conversation. They were more willing to understand and respect each other, even if they still disagreed. The people who used the AI themselves didn’t report a huge change in how they felt about the conversation. However, they were more willing to respect the opinions of others! The results of our study show that AI did a good job of making online discussions polite. But you don’t need a reminder to be respectful. Even in the vast digital world, each conversation matters. Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference. It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding. This is also true for real-life conversations. 37．What do the underlined words “this task” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Starting talks. B．Guiding conversations. C．Changing views. D．Sending messages. 38．What do we learn about participants with AI helpers? A．They responded to AI politely. B．They changed views as AI suggested. C．They tended to respect others’ views. D．They experienced mixed feelings. 39．What does the author want to stress in the last paragraph? A．The effectiveness of AI in online discussions. B．The significance of respectful communication. C．The importance of reminders in conversations. D．The balance between technologies and choices. 40．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Can Al remove mean posts? B．Can AI make online talks kinder? C．How to respect different opinions? D．How to reach an agreement online? （23-24高一下·四川成都·期末）Once there was a circle that was incomplete because a large triangular wedge (三角形楔子) had been cut out. The circle wanted to be whole with nothing missing, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete, it could roll only very slowly. As it rolled slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them could fit. So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching. Then one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It took the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice the flowers or talk to the worms. To some extent, we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to dream of something better. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with(接纳) his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go his unrealistic dreams without feeling like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, who can lose someone and still feel like a complete person. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others could only long for. We can achieve fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know. 41．What can we know about the circle? A．It suffered a lot during its journey. B．It felt disappointed to be incomplete. C．It was replaced by a triangular wedge. D．It accepted its incompleteness gradually. 42．Why does the author share with readers the story of the circle? A．To show he’s humorous. B．To prove that we need to be perfect. C．To make his argument more persuasive. D．To explain the importance of being complete. 43．How can we achieve fulfillment according to the author? A．By working hard. B．By pursuing perfection. C．By doing better than others. D．By accepting our imperfection and moving on. 44．What can be the best title for the text? A．True Meaning of Life B．Ways to Achieve Success C．Learning to Appreciate Life D．To Be More Complete with Imperfection （23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 45．What does the writer think of his image creation? A．Exciting. B．Appealing C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking. 46．What do children’s illustrators value most about art? A．The creating process. B．The final work. C．Personal feelings. D．External forms. 47．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．Different means used in human and AI art creation. D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text. 48．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. （23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）A therapy (治疗) client and I are working on an eating disorder and find it originated from a relationship break-up or perhaps being bullied in middle school. Such hurtful experiences led to not eating for a couple of weeks. Then comes a high praise from a friend that totally backfires. Maybe it’s an enthusiastic, “Wow, you look great!’’ In a flash, this praise excites an inner and often unconscious thought: “Oh, people care more about me if I lose weight. So many things feel out of control but I can control people’s affection by not eating.” Often, very well-intentioned individuals offer praise out of a desire to uplift and connect. Such praise is often tied, directly or indirectly, to a person’s relationship with the standards of a specific group or institution. Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way? One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present. Returning to our example above, when you see that someone has lost weight and you want to give them a praise, just pause and take a deep breath. Simply ask, “How are you doing?” See them and hear them. Appreciate them as a person of limitless value. Know there may be much more to their inner world than meets the eye. Similarly, when you see someone’s success in school, appreciate the hard work they put into it. Ask with gentle curiosity, “How’s it been for you?” Listen with your full attention that in itself can be a rare gift in today’s hustle and bustle world. By maintaining your concern and listening to the ways they want to be accompanied and supported — even when it might not be your first instinct — you can see them as a whole person, with complex feelings, very human needs, and inherent dignity. 49．What does the underlined word “backfires” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Improves the situation. B．Shows sincere concern. C．Removes hurtful feelings. D．Produces an unexpected result. 50．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Analyzing the phenomenon. B．Listing another example. C．Presenting the solution. D．Making a proposal. 51．Why does the author suggest simply asking “How are you doing”? A．To start a light conversation. B．To focus on one’s inner needs. C．To explore the secret of keeping slim. D．To show appreciation for one’s efforts. 52．What might be the title for the text? A．Say No to the “Right or Wrong” Game B．Why We Need to Make Praises to Others. C．Follow Me and Be a Qualified Therapist D．How Innocent Words can Be Harmful （23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them. Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. 53．What can be implied from Jenn Berman’s remarks? A．Parents praise their kids too much. B．Going to the extremes is common for parents. C．Parents should understand their kids better. D．Confidence is significant for kids’ well being. 54．What does the underlined word “backfire” mean? A．Give support. B．Get undesired effect. C．Put a fire under control. D．Become powerful. 55．As to giving children praise, which aspect will Donahue agree to? A．Praise your children as often as possible. B．Never expect much of your children. C．All children deserves a verbal reward. D．Children’s effort outweighs the result. 56．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By answering a question. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting. D．By making comparison. （23-24高三上·河南南阳·期末）I bet you have heard about the story of the frog and the boiling water. If you have no idea what the story is all about, here it is… It is a famous fable which surrounds the personal development industry that describes a frog in boiling water. If you put a frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump out, but if you put the frog into a pot of lukewarm (不冷不热的) water and then slowly boils the water, the frog will eventually be heated to death due to its unconsciousness of the gradual temperature change. Many people go through life without noticing the gradual changes, which causes them all sorts of problems. When you are in your twenties, you can eat whatever you want, ice-creams, junk foods, chips, chocolates, and you can even party all night without feeling tired or exhausted the next day. But when you get to your forties, you will notice the change. You will feel that you’re not as energetic as when you’re in your twenties. Plus, your metabolism rate will decrease. And if you continue to eat and put in all junk foods into your stomach, you will develop a bloated belly. The story of the frog and the boiling water gives us a good hint about how our failure to notice gradual changes in our life can cause us huge problems. If you keep spending without saving, when you get to your fifties, you will regret not saving enough for retirement. If you blame and make excuses every day and you don’t work on your future, after 10 years down the road, you will have hoped that you started earlier. You will wish that you have a time machine so that you can start over again. Never let the “slow boiling water” kills you. Instead, learn to improve and cope with whatever you can right now. You don’t have to wait for the perfect moment to start. You don’t have to know and understand everything only to begin. You can start right now. 57．What results in the death of the frog in the lukewarm water? A．Its personal development industry. B．Its unawareness of the rising temperature. C．Its surrounding industry’s great influence. D．Its adaptation to the slowly rising temperature. 58．How does Paragraph 3 develop? A．By contrast. B．By time. C．By reasoning. D．By assumption. 59．What will most probably be talked about in the next paragraph? A．Good hints. B．Tips to improve. C．“Slow boiling water” skills. D．The best moment to start. 60．What can we learn from the text? A．Still waters run deep. B．Good wine needs no bush. C．Great minds think alike. D．A young idler, an old beggar. （23-24高三上·湖南娄底·期末）Recently, I was walking with some parents when we came across a five-pound note lying on the ground. We stood around it for a moment, a bit awkwardly, until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench. Then one of the parents remarked that we’d probably have behaved differently — that is, we would have just taken the money — had we been alone. This relates to a classic question in studies of human generosity: do we behave more selfishly when we aren’t being observed? The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences, as well as in popular culture, about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world. Yom Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they’ve committed. One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching. There’s an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur, which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution. The Maasai people of Kenya practice osotua: relationships between people that operate based on need. When someone forms an osotua relationship with another, they enter into an unwritten contract to help their partner in times of need. And hunter-gatherer groups, which can represent the circumstances our species evolved in, have many similar examples. Cultural evolution helps to explain the existence and complexity of these systems. Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution, allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments. Osotua, or any other practice that helps to maintain good treatment of others in society, is the result of tens of thousands of years of cultural trial and error. The customs passed down over time are those that help us to develop as cultural groups. The study of those changes has helped us to understand how we successfully spread around the world as cooperative groups. Biological evolution has helped humans be more cooperative, but cultural changes have accelerated this process. Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures. Try to understand rules before you ignore them — and next time you find a fiver on the ground, you might think about the awkward situation your discovery represents. 61．What made the parents feel a bit awkward? A．The difficulty sharing the money. B．The difficulty finding the owner of the money. C．The thought of putting the money on the bench. D．The thought of keeping the money for themselves. 62．Why is “Yom Kippur” talked about in the text? A．To highlight a fact. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To make a comparison. D．To support an argument. 63．How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution? A．It evolves much slower. B．It takes much less time. C．It is a more complex process. D．It makes humans more cooperative. 64．What does the author intend to explain in the text? A．How cultural evolution takes place. B．Why people sometimes behave selfishly. C．Why kindness exists in a competitive world. D．How kindness spreads throughout the world. （23-24高三上·北京石景山·期末）A Swiss radio station recently carried out a social experiment on air, testing robot-created voices and content. The 13-hour experiment took place at the French-language station Couleur 3. During the period, listeners heard the cloned voices of five human presenters. The station’s programming also included music created by artificial intelligence (AI) methods. The programming informed listeners about the experiment every 20 minutes. “AI is taking your favorite radio by storm,” a voice said. “Our voice clones and AI are here to unsettle, surprise and shake you. And for that matter, this text was also written by a robot.” Recent AI developments have led to the creation of a series of tools that permit robots to lead different human activities. These tools belong to a group of systems known as “generative AI”. The tools use machine learning methods to train AI systems on huge amounts of data to produce human-quality results. One of the most highly publicized generative AI tools is called ChatGPT. It received wide attention by demonstrating the ability to quickly produce written answers to questions at a level and quality similar to humans. However, the development of “generative AI” systems has led to some criticism of the technology. Critics have warned that such systems, if used incorrectly, could cause economic, cultural and social harms. The station said in a statement it received hundreds of messages on the day of the experiment, with some supporting and others opposing. One person complained of unfunny jokes. Another listener admitted to not recognizing the programming as an experiment. One critic called the project a waste of time for a station that gets public financing. Many listeners noted, “You can sense these are robots, and there are fewer surprises, less personality.” Some listeners were even more forceful, urging station officials to “give us back our humans!” The Swiss station’s chief, Antoine Multone, told The Associated Press that Couleur 3 was able to carry out the experiment because it is already known for doing provocative things. Multone defended the project as a lesson on how to live with AI. “I think if we become ostriches (鸵鸟) ... we put our heads in the sand and say, ‘Mon Dieu, there’s a new technology! We’re all going to die!’ then yeah, we’re going to die because it (AI) is coming, whether we like it or not,” Multone said by phone. “We want to master the technology so we can then put limits on it.” He added that about 90 percent of the listener reactions suggested the experiment was a good idea. 65．What did the social experiment test? A．Audiences’ feedback. B．Robot-created systems. C．Human presenters’ voices. D．AI-generated programmes. 66．What does the word “provocative” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Stimulative. B．Conservative. C．Persuasive. D．Instructive. 67．What should we do with AI according to Antoine Multone? A．Limit and prevent its progress. B．Take human elements out of it. C．Take advantage of it without defence. D．Research and make use of it sensibly. 68．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Putting AI Voices on Radio B．Creating Generative AI Tools C．Exploring the Development of AI D．Replacing Announcers with AI （23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末）The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more. Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there. This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution. Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place. Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way. Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises. 69．Why does the author mention Apple’s problem? A．As the main topic. B．As the model. C．As an example. D．As a sharp contrast. 70．What can we know about Alexa and Siri? A．They are both Apple’s search products. B．They help consumers make their own choices. C．They have bettered the user experience greatly. D．They work to the benefits of tech giants behind. 71．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution? A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 72．The author writes this article to ask readers to _____. A．abandon using artificial intelligence B．abandon using products from tech giants C．recognize the nature of AI-based solution D．recognize the nature of poorly designed apps （23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期末）AI could make it less necessary to learn foreign languages. That is good news for travelers, bad news for soulful connection. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanizing themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and pizza. As AI translation becomes a more popular labour-saving tool, people will divide into two groups. There will be those who want to challenge their minds, put themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper. 73．What does the word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Growing. B．Lasting. C．Declining. D．Challenging. 74．What is the underlined part “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest” compared to? A．Using AI tools to do the translation. B．Doing the work that gives you satisfaction. C．Making effort to learn a new language. D．Studying a language aided by technology. 75．Which of the following will the “Others” in paragraph 4 agree with? A．People should stretch their minds in life. B．AI translation tools offer a good service. C．Extreme endurance sports are worth trying. D．Language learning builds deep connection. 76．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Language learning benefits learners alone. B．Language learning is of value to human health. C．We should reflect on language learning methods. D．We should adopt a new angle on language learning. （22-23高二下·广东深圳·期末）In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring. As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. Toprotect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design ourenvironments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank onwillpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sightto begin with. The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy. The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls.” Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention. By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 77．What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A．It offers little information. B．It features depressing stories. C．It saves time for Internet users. D．It seeks profits from each click. 78．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A．To discuss the quality of information B．To prove the benefits of healthy food. C．To show the importance of environments. D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 79．What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text? A．Reveal their intention. B．Turn a deaf ear to them. C．Correct their behaviour. D．Send hard facts to them. 80．What is the text mainly about? A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy. B．Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age. C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet. D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟） 第01辑：2024年期末考试暑假专辑 专题04 阅读理解议论文 （提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）解析版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 1 模拟专区 7 技能专区： 冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 社会现象类议论文阅读解题技巧 这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。 1、浏览试题，明确要求。 在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。 2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。 在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。 3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。 通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。 4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。 在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。 5、进行合理的推理判断。 对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。 6、认真复读，验证答案。 要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。 真题专区： 练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！ 01 2024新高考I卷 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 02-2023全国乙卷 If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people. C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice.D. Society. 35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。 34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 03-2024全国甲卷 “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending? A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治•艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。 33.推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。 34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。 35.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得•蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白•西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得•蒙福德和伊丽莎白•西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。 模拟专区： 做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ （23-24高二下·浙江温州·期末）“ChatGPT is a computer program that can understand and respond to text like a person. It’s like havinga conversation with a very smart robot,” says ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence text generator. In November of 2022, the computer program ChatGPT generated significant public interest across the globe for its broad applications and commercial value. This AI model demonstrated its ability to perform a variety of tasks, from generating book summaries, recommendations, and personal research assistance, to drafting college SOPs, essays, and emails. According to Ehsan Hoque, Associate Professor of Computer Science at UR, while the concepts used to build ChatGPT are not entirely new, combining them with this AI model marks a significant achievement in the field of AI engineering. With that being said, the system has also generated contention over its possible violation of academic honesty. The use of ChatGPT for homework assignments is a growing concern for professors across the globe. The University, on the other hand, has not addressed or made a statement on this matter. There are potential academic violations for homework and exams. One such case is Professor of Political Science and Business David Primo. He entered one of his previous test questions into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT got it exactly correct. Despite concerns, Primo understands that the issue of academic honesty is a concern that has existed and will exist forever. He talks about this as well as the many other negative uses of the internet, saying “The internet makes it easy to spread hateful messages and pirate music, but do you want to go back to a time where you couldn’t bank online, or listen to music online?” Primo also pictures this technological advancement being integrated into classes and assessments in the future. “Universities should move slowly here and let faculty members experiment with various approaches to AI and adapt to a world of AI,” said Primo. 1．What makes the program a great breakthrough? A．Its ability to perform various tasks. B．Its achievements in learning technology. C．Its wide application and commercial value. D．The combination of its concept and AI model. 2．What does the underlined word in the third paragraph mean? A．dispute B．support C．disadvantage D．mistake 3．What might Primo agree with regarding the use of ChatGPT? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It has little impact on academia. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．It should be prohibited for academic integrity. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．ChatGPT demonstrates its great strength. B．ChatGPT generates great argument. C．ChatGPT arouses significant public interest. D．ChatGPT causes the potential academic violations. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文介绍了一种人工智能文本生成程序ChatGPT，它能像人一样理解和回应文本，如同与一个聪明的机器人对话。同时文章也揭露了由人工智能所引起的学术诚信的问题将会一直存在。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Ehsan Hoque, Associate Professor of Computer Science at UR, while the concepts used to build ChatGPT are not entirely new, combining them with this AI model marks a significant achievement in the field of AI engineering.(根据UR计算机科学副教授Ehsan Hoque的说法，虽然用于构建ChatGPT的概念并不是全新的，但将它们与人工智能模型相结合标志着人工智能工程领域的重大成就。)”可知，尽管构建ChatGPT的概念并不完全新，但将其与AI模型结合在一起在AI工程领域取得了重大成就。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的内容“…over its possible violation of academic honesty.( ......可能违反学术诚信。)”可知，这个系统也因可能违反学术诚信而引起了争论。故划线词与A选项“dispute(争论)”为同义词。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Primo also pictures this technological advancement being integrated into classes and assessments in the future. “Universities should move slowly here and let faculty members experiment with various approaches to AI and adapt to a world of AI,” said Primo.( Primo还描绘了这种技术进步在未来被整合到课堂和评估中。Primo说：“大学应该在这方面慢慢行动，让教师们试验各种人工智能方法，适应人工智能的世界。”)”可知，Primo还描绘了这种技术进步在未来被整合到课堂和评估中。Primo认为大学应该在这方面慢慢行动，让教师们试验各种人工智能方法，适应人工智能的世界，由此推断，Primo认为ChatGPT的优点大于缺点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“With that being said, the system has also generated contention over its possible violation of academic honesty. (话虽如此，该系统也引发了可能违反学术诚信的争论。)”以及第四段中“There are potential academic violations for homework and exams.(在家庭作业和考试中有潜在的学术违规。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了ChatGPT引起了很大的争论，特别是在学术诚信方面。B选项“ChatGPT generates great argument.( ChatGPT产生了大量的争论。)”能概括全文。故选B。 （23-24高二下·江苏·期末）ChatGPT, a powerful AI chatbot tool, has swept the world in the past months. While it has been dominating social media with its frighteningly good essays, ChatGPT has also caused both excitement and worries in education. According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of the respondents had used ChatGPT to help with a homework assignment. Some students even got high scores thanks to papers written by ChatGPT. Some universities and schools have banned the use of ChatGPT, such as public schools in New York City, CNN reported. The move comes along with growing concerns that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat on assignments and be used to spread inaccurate information. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success,” Jenna Lyle, the vice press secretary of the New York City Department of Education, said in a statement. Apart from strict bans, teachers are redesigning their courses in an attempt to block the use of ChatGPT. Some college professors in the US are now including more oral exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones, The New York Times reported. However, not all educators are saying “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are not planning on banning the tool. Instead, they are drafting policies on its proper usage, for both students and lecturers. Bhaskar Vira, vice-president for education at University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are not sensible (合理的). “I’m of the opinion that we have to recognize that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚实) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university. Vira’s opinion on ChatGPT is shared by Petervan der Putten, assistant professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “It’s there, just how like Google is there. You can write it into your policies for stopping cheating but it’s a reality that the tool exists,” he told Sky News. 5．According to the passage, what can ChatGPT help students do? A．Enrich their school life. B．Hand in better papers. C．Improve their writing skills. D．Spread correct information. 6．What are the professors in US doing to cope with ChatGPT? A．Making policies to ban the use of the tool. B．Requiring students to write papers by hand. C．Making laws to recognize the use of the tool. D．Preventing students from spreading inaccurate information. 7．Which of the following may Vira agree to about using ChatGPT? A．Grasp all, lose all. B．Practice makes perfect. C．No pains, no gains. D．Every coin has two sides. 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．ChatGPT: An answer giver? B．ChatGPT: A perfect tool? C．ChatGPT: A homework designer? D．ChatGPT: A cheat helper? 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在教育界掀起了一场风暴以及教育界是如何应对的。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of the respondents had used ChatGPT to help with a homework assignment. Some students even got high scores thanks to papers written by ChatGPT.(美国一项针对1000多名学生的调查显示，超过89%的受访者曾使用ChatGPT来帮助完成家庭作业。一些学生甚至因为ChatGPT写的论文而获得了高分。)”可知，ChatGPT可以帮助学生们提交更好的论文，故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Some college professors in the US are now including more oral exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones, The New York Times reported.(据《纽约时报》报道，美国一些大学教授现在增加了口试和手写试卷，而不是打字试卷。)”可知，为了解决ChatGPT带来的影响，美国一些大学教授现在增加了口试和手写试卷，故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““I’m of the opinion that we have to recognize that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚实) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university.(“我的观点是，我们必须认识到人工智能是一种人们会使用的工具，但随后调整我们的学习、教学和考试过程，这样我们才能在认识到这种工具的使用的同时保持诚信，”他在接受该校校报《Varsity》采访时表示。)”可知，Vira的观点是，虽然ChatGPT导致了在大学教育中出现了如学生作弊的问题，但他认为必须要认识到人工智能是一种人们会使用的工具，在认识到这种工具的使用的同时保持诚信，调整我们的学习、教学和考试过程。由此推断他认为凡是都有两面性，故选D。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ChatGPT, a powerful AI chatbot tool, has swept the world in the past months. While it has been dominating social media with its frighteningly good essays, ChatGPT has also caused both excitement and worries in education.(ChatGPT，一个强大的人工智能聊天机器人工具，在过去的几个月里席卷了全球。虽然ChatGPT凭借其出色的论文在社交媒体上占据了主导地位，但它也在教育领域引发了兴奋和担忧。)”以及通读全文可知，文章就人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT在教育界掀起了一场风暴以及教育界是如何应对的而展开的，它对教育界带来的影响有利有弊，故B选项“ChatGPT: A perfect tool?(ChatGPT：一个完美的工具？)”概括文章主题，故选B。 （23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）How often in your busy life when faced with an issue or a problem do you consider subtraction (减法)? Every day, with big and small challenges, we ignore a basic way to make things better. We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. We collect new-and-improved ideas, but don’t delete the outdated ones. Do your resolutions more often start with “I should do more of…” than with “I should do less of…”? Do you add new rules in your household or workplace more often than you take rules away? In our striving to improve our lives, our work and our society, we overwhelmingly add. Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. The valid subtraction solution produced a stronger outcome. Why do we ignore the option to subtract from what is already there? Why do we fail to use subtraction as a way to change things? Firstly, behavioural science suggests that our brains are wired to ignore subtraction. Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. We are tricked by our mindset. Further, we have a tendency to think addition or subtraction; however, they can be complementary (互补的) ways to make changes. So we ignore subtraction because it is often harder to think of. Moreover, even when we do manage to think of it, subtracting can be harder to perform. In chemistry, valency (化合价) refers to an elemental force that is not necessarily visible but helps explain the elements’ behaviour. Psychological valency is the inner attractiveness or strong dislike of something. There is a negative valency around subtracting. Even the word subtraction has a negative valency. Subtraction is the act of getting to less but it is not the same as doing less. Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful! 9．What do people usually do when faced with problems in life? A．Adopt subtraction. B．Stop doing things. C．Add new rules. D．Abandon outdated ideas. 10．How did the author prove his viewpoint? A．By comparing examples. B．By conducting a survey. C．By analyzing statistics. D．By citing a typical test. 11．What causes people to ignore the option of subtraction? A．Initial fixed mindset. B．Resistance to change. C．Flexible mental desire. D．Expectation for success. 12．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．State possible reasons. B．Offer valuable advice. C．Give some warnings. D．Provide useful proof. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了在忙碌的生活中，当你面对一个问题时，习惯性做加法，作者建议克服忽视减法的倾向，做减法让人愉快。 9．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“We are great at adding to our “to dos”, but we don’t consider “stop-doings”. (我们很擅长增加我们的“待办事项”，但我们不考虑“停止行动”。)”可知，当人们面对生活中的问题时，通常会添加新规则。故选C。 10．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“Leidy Klotz’s Lego bridge test, with two support towers of differing heights, found that almost everyone added a Lego brick to the shorter tower, rather than removing a brick from the longer tower. (Leidy Klotz的乐高大桥测试有两个不同高度的支撑塔，发现几乎每个人都在较短的塔上添加了一块乐高积木，而不是从较长的塔上取下一块积木。)”可知，作者是通过引用一个典型的测试证明他的观点的。故选D。 11．细节理解题。文章第六段讲到“Initial studies show that our mental shortcuts have a preference for adding when solving problem. (最初的研究表明，在解决问题时，我们的思维捷径更倾向于加法。)”可知，最初的固定心态导致人们忽略了减法的选项。故选A。 12．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Getting to less often means doing, or at least thinking, more. In your pursuit of success and happiness I encourage you to overcome the tendency to ignore subtraction. Subtracting can be delightful! (减少时间意味着做得更多，或者至少想得更多。在你追求成功和幸福的过程中，我鼓励你克服忽视减法的倾向。减法可以令人愉快！)”可知，作者在最后一段是提供有价值的建议。故选B。 （23-24高二上·山东德州·期末）The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price. All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation. No longer so, I am guessing. It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused. Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away. All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light! 13．What do people often do at the garage sale? A．Purchase a garage. B．Label their belongings. C．Talk about decoration. D．Trade their unused stuff. 14．Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2? A．To call for respect towards the elderly. B．To advocate holding onto the family tradition. C．To show the financial condition of an average family. D．To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills. 15．What does the author believe according to paragraph 4? A．It is a good idea to save money. B．A good taste counts in purchase. C．Unused items deserve a new owner. D．The outdated should be thrown away. 16．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To call on people to get rid of hoarding. B．To show his worry about wasting resources. C．To draw attention to conserving the traditions. D．To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things. 【答案】13．D 14．D 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们应该根据自己的实际需求和价值观来对待物品，而不是过度囤积物品，以及应该根据个人喜好和需求来选择物品。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price.(我们在房子周围看到的所有东西上的小标签都显示了重要的细节：购买日期和当前的售价。我们在车库旧货拍卖会上。没有谈话，也没有讨价还价。买家可以按挂牌价格提货。)”可知，人们在车库大甩卖时经常交易他们不用的东西。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation.(我的观点是，人们喜欢随大流，最终产生他们应该感受到的情绪，而不是真实的自己。说自己不喜欢祖母的项链被认为是无礼的，所以你会把它放在储物柜里，传给下一代。)”可知，作者在第2段提到“项链”是为了证明人们往往会违背自己的意愿跟风。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets.(我的观点是，只要你喜欢，就可以使用。戴上那些首饰；使用那些家具;把那些成堆的旧床单带回家。)”和“Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused.(把这些属性翻转过来，而不是让它们闲置。)”可知，根据第4段，作者认为不用的东西应该有个新主人。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light!(所有其他的东西都需要为它们的价值和有用性赢得一席之地。庆祝从囤积中解放出来，让光明出现吧！)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们摆脱囤积。故选A。 （23-24高二上·河南洛阳·期末）Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economist s predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. But could even the admired profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators? At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class. Despite that, some believe the future of education will be technological. Futurist Thomas Frey, from Business Insider magazine, predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.” He thinks that ‘bots’— online robot teachers will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress (压缩) an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “idiosyncrasies”“interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time,” according to Frey. Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face inspiration of a classroom environment, the majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to keep motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master. Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs. 17．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．Teaching by robots can be replaced. B．The advantages of face-to-face teaching. C．Human teachers will be replaced by robots. D．The potential of the electronic educators. 18．What does the underlined word “idiosyncrasies” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Personalities. B．Senses. C．Nationalities. D．Families. 19．Why are Udemy and Khan Academy mentioned? A．To tell how online learning is progressing. B．To show the significance of online learning. C．To explain people how online learning works. D．To suggest the shortcomings of online learning. 20．What might be talked about following the last paragraph? A．How robots will change in the future. B．How artificial intelligence will destroy jobs. C．How educators will meet the future challenge. D．How electronic educators will lose their jobs. 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了教学似乎不可能被机器人取代，尽管如此，一些人认为未来的教育将是科技的。文章说明了面对面教学的优势以及在线学习的发展情况。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“At first glance, teaching might seem impossible to be replaced by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to copy exactly. They judge pupils’ needs and tailor feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more engaging and effective. And they provide kind care: looking out for students who drop behind or disturb the class.(乍一看，教学似乎不可能被机器人取代。教师使用的一系列软技能是机器很难完全复制的。他们判断学生的需求，并相应地调整反馈。他们调整材料，使其更吸引人，更有效。他们提供亲切的照顾：注意那些掉队或扰乱课堂的学生)”可知，第二段的主要内容是面对面教学的优势。故选B。 18．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““interests” and “reference points” are, “and it figures out how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time”可知，此处指机器人会了解你的“兴趣”和“参考点”是什么，然后随着时间的推移，它会想出如何以越来越快的方式教你。由此推知，机器人会全面了解你，以便因材施教，因此划线词idiosyncrasies应该是指你的“个性”。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached over the last decade, there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace.(不管在过去的十年里，这种令人难以置信的速度是否会达到，在线学习平台已经有了巨大的增长。Udemy和可汗学院等公司提供的课程让数百万人可以在家按照自己的进度免费学习)”可推知，提到Udemy和可汗学院是为了讲述在线学习的发展情况。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should accept change, even though people will lose their jobs.(事实上，弗雷承认还有一段路要走：“没有人能完全破解未来教育的密码。”老师们自己是怎么想的呢？英国德比大学的唐纳德·克拉克教授认为，我们应该接受改变，即使人们会失去工作)”可推知，在最后一段之后可能会讨论教育工作者将如何应对未来的挑战。故选C。 （23-24高二上·四川德阳·期末）When people wanted to find their way to a place in the past, they used to have to buy a map. They don’t have to do that any more. Now they can either buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere. Is this an improvement? Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on their roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country. One of these cars arrived on a Wednesday morning in the quiet English village of Broughton. The camera was on a metre-high pole on top of the car and could see over walls and into people’s gardens. Some of the villagers came and stood around the car, and asked the driver and photographer to go away. Journalists quickly arrived on the scene, and soon the event was news all over the country. Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the Internet want. But Broughton residents feel differently. “We used to have privacy in this country. Now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking,” said one resident. “It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.” There is, of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the residents cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: OK, it’s legal, but is it right? This is a question that won’t go away very quickly. 21．Why did the car with a camera on the car roof come to Broughton? A．To test whether their GPS works in the village. B．To investigate for a law case for the country. C．To spy on villagers and their life in Broughton. D．To collect information for their online maps. 22．What can be inferred about the incident in Broughton? A．The incident drew people’s attention all over the world. B．The incident made online maps popular among the local residents. C．The local residents were curious about what these people were doing. D．The local residents were upset about their privacy not being respected. 23．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The law should be changed to protect the residents. B．The incident will remain a hot topic for people to discuss. C．The residents accept what the company was doing in their neighborhood. D．The residents can sue (控告) the company for violating their privacy. 24．What can be the best title of the passage? A．A strange car! B．It’s legal, but is it right? C．Say goodbye to paper maps. D．Privacy gives way to technology. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．B 24．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就一些在线公司为了互联网上一些被人们需要的信息不分地点和场合的收集信息，给当地人们带来了困扰，并对这种行为是否合法展开了讨论。 21．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Perhaps, but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on their roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country. (也许吧，但有些人认为一些网络公司做得太过分了，因为他们一直在派出车顶上装有摄影设备的汽车，拍摄这个国家的每一条街道和每一栋房子。)”和文章第四段“Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the Internet want. (当然，有问题的网络公司声称它只是在收集互联网上人们想要的信息。)”可知，车顶装有摄像头的汽车来到布劳顿为他们的在线地图收集信息。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Broughton residents feel differently. “We used to have privacy in this country. Now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking,” said one resident. “It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.” (但布劳顿的居民却有不同的感受。“在这个国家，我们曾经有隐私。现在公司甚至不问就来给我们的房子拍照。”一位居民说。“这是不对的。我们不能让这种事发生。我们不能失去私下生活的权利。”)”可推知，当地居民对他们的隐私没有得到尊重感到不安。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is a question that won’t go away very quickly. (这个问题不会很快消失。)”可知，这一事件仍将是人们讨论的热门话题。故选B。 24．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“There is , of course, no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the villagers cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: OK, it’s legal, but is it right? (当然，没有法律禁止人们给房子拍照，所以居民们不能上法庭。但是很多人都在问的问题：“好的，这是合法的，或者不是？”)”可知，文章主要就一些在线公司为了互联网上一些被人们需要的信息不分地点和场合的收集信息，给当地人们带来了困扰，并对这种行为是否合法展开了讨论。故选B。 （23-24高二上·河南焦作·期末）Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. These days, you have to make a decision on not only the percentage of fat you want, but also what source you want your milk to be coming from: cows, soybeans... You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused. This phenomenon is known as the paradox (悖论) of choice and it is becoming a concern in the modern world, where more and more options are becoming easily available to us. While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice. The idea was popularized by American psychologist Barry Schwartz when he published his book, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Schwartz, who has long studied the ways in which economics and psychology intersect (交叉), became interested in seeing the way that choices were affecting the happiness of citizens in Western societies. He identified that the range of choices that we have available to us these days is far greater than that people had in the past; however, consumer satisfaction has not increased as much as traditional economics theories might expect. Schwartz identified that the paradox of choice carries the most consequence for people that are maximizers. Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. When there are many options available to maximizers, it becomes harder for them to determine which is the best, which can cause them to feel a great deal of regret after they have made a choice. Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society. 25．What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning buying milk in paragraph 1? A．To lead in the topic. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To show that we have more choices when shopping. D．To indicate that people pay greater attention to health when shopping. 26．What does the paradox of choice suggest? A．More options mean less satisfaction. B．Consumer satisfaction has greatly increased. C．People are happy with more choices. D．Modern people are happier than their ancestors. 27．What can be learned about satisficers? A．They aim for the very best. B．They tend to follow their feelings. C．They often regret their decisions. D．They have trouble making a decision. 28．What does Schwartz suggest people do? A．Hold on to their beliefs. B．Accept their own behavior. C．Give up freedom. D．Limit their own choices. 【答案】25．A 26．A 27．B 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。 文章主要介绍了“选择悖论”这一现象，即过多的选择会让人们感到困惑和不满，从而降低消费者的满意度。文章还介绍了“最大化者”和“满足者”的区别，以及心理学和行为经济学在解决这一问题中的作用。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. (想象一下，你需要牛奶，所以你去杂货店买了一些，却发现有几十种选择)”以及“You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused.(你不知道该选什么牛奶。有太多的选择让你感到困惑)”可知，购物时牛奶品类众多，以至于很难做出决策。是下文“选择的悖论”这一现象的一个案例。由此可推知，文章第一段提到买牛奶就是为了引出文章的话题。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段的“While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice.(虽然我们可能认为，提供多种选择实际上会让我们更容易选择一种我们满意的选择，从而提高消费者满意度，选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定，这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意)”可知，选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定，这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意。由此可推知，更多的选择意味着更少的满足感。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. (与满足者不同，最大化者关心的是做出最好的选择，而不是简单地做出他们满意的选择)”可推知，满足者跟随自己的感觉，不纠结于必须做出“最好的”决定。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society.(施瓦茨不认为选择的自由是无限的，而是主张心理学和行为经济学的作用应该是找到对自由的限制，从而在社会中获得最大程度的幸福)”可知，施瓦茨建议人们限制自己的选择。故选D。 （23-24高二上·湖南岳阳·期末）Technology is more than an abstract concept associated with advanced tools and systems. It also shapes the way people behave, grow and develop, both within their own lives and in their relationships with others. While technology has developed over thousands of years, the last century has seen an explosion in technology that has influenced fundamental changes in how humans see the world and interact with others. Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. There has been a debate going on whether technology is benefiting human communication or ruining (破坏) it. Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send emails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating on and about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates. However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them. With cell phones, most people think that it’s easier and more convenient to text instead of meeting in person. Lucas Lengacher, an undergraduate from Huntington University, claims in his article that at least 42.91% people respond to messages immediately yet only 2.83% people don’t check their phones in the morning. In his research he found that almost 60 percent of people felt disconnected from others around when they were on their phones. 29．Which has basically influenced human interaction according to the passage? A．People’s value. B．Social systems. C．Mobile devices. D．Communication skills. 30．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．The technology is benefiting human communication. B．The technology is ruining human communication. C．People began to communicate with e-mails. D．The outbreak of COVID-19 helps new technology develop. 31．What does Lucas’s research find? A．Phones are getting more and more popular. B．Phones disconnect us when we are together. C．People are eager for personal communication. D．People communicate less because of physical distance. 32．What is the author’s attitude to technology? A．Disappointed. B．Positive. C．Doubtful D．Objective 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，探讨了科技对人类交流的正反性。科技在为人类沟通和交流提供便利的同时，有时也被认为是切断了人们与周围人的联系。 29．细节理解题。文章第一段中“Specifically, the Internet and mobile devices have completely changed the way people interact with each other. (具体来说，互联网和移动设备已经完全改变了人们相互交流的方式)”可知，影响人类互动的因素是移动设备。故选C项。 30．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills. In business, office employees and managers use technology to send emails to one another, which is considered a communication skill. On social media, just share a few of your images and people start communicating on and about your images according to their viewpoint. With the outbreak of COVID-19, in order to work on the projects, the students use their phones to reach their teachers and classmates.(毫无疑问，技术正在帮助人们培养更新的、必要的沟通技能。在商业中，办公室员工和经理使用技术相互发送电子邮件，这被认为是一种沟通技能。在社交媒体上，只需分享一些你的照片，人们就会开始根据自己的观点就你的照片进行交流。随着新冠肺炎的爆发，为了完成这些项目，学生们用手机联系老师和同学)”可知，第二段是从三个案例即：商业中、社交媒体和新冠疫情中阐述了科技有利于人类交流。故选A项。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段“In his research he found that almost 60 percent of people felt disconnected from others around when they were on their phones.(在他的研究中，他发现几乎60%的人在使用手机时感觉与周围的人隔绝了)”可知，60%在使用手机可是却感觉与周围的人隔绝。故选B项。 32． 推理判断题。根据第二段“Undoubtedly, technology is helping people build newer and necessary communication skills.(毫无疑问，技术正在帮助人们建立新的、必要的沟通技能) ”和第三段首句“However, technology is sometimes considered to disconnect people from others around them.(然而，科技有时被认为是切断了人们与周围人的联系)”可知，作者是从正反双方面分析了科技对人类交流产生的影响，因此作者的态度是客观的。故选D项。 （23-24高三上·广东深圳·期末）First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus. But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report. There are exceptions, however. At some colleges, students may be freed from the requirement if they are, for instance, commuters (通勤生), fifth-year seniors, at least 23 years of age or legally married. Residential housing at colleges is not limited to shared rooms and bathrooms. Alternatives include flats, apartments, Greek houses or living-learning communities for students with shared interests. On-campus students also have access to services and resources such as residence life staff who can help if a housing issue arises. When students live in a community, they are forced to live with different people, learn more about themselves and about the others, and tell each other their stories. On the other hand, off-campus living provides students with more independence, as they are not constrained by school housing policies. Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus. Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with. At first glance, off-campus housing can appear less expensive. But the additional expenses outside of rent — like utilities, groceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are often overlooked. To reduce off-campus costs, some students choose to overpack houses or apartments, sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house. Unlike off-campus housing, the total cost of living on campus is typically all-inclusive, coveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan. 33．Why do some colleges require all the students to live on campus? A．To keep them stay longer on campus for classes. B．To make sure all students can live in shared rooms. C．To make as much profit as possible for the colleges. D．To monitor all of their students as easily as possible. 34．What should students do before living off campus? A．They should find someone to take care of them. B．They should fully develop the ability to live alone. C．They should learn all aspects of off-campus living. D．They should seek accommodation through an agent. 35．What does the underlined word “overpack” in the last paragraph mean? A．Overlook. B．Overconsume. C．Overestimate. D．Overload. 36．What is the best title for the text? A．Residential Housing At Different Colleges B．Choice Between Housing On or Off Campus C．Accommodation Situation For College Students D．Different Living Experience On or Off Campus 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是大学生选择校内外住宿的优劣，并提供了选择建议，分析了校内住宿对学习的益处和校外住宿的独立生活技能需求。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But some schools don’t provide an option and require four years of on-campus living for full-time students. Living on campus has been shown to increase retention (保留) and attendance rates among freshman and second-year students, according to a 2021 report.(有些学校不提供这种选择，并要求全日制学生在校内生活四年。2021年的一份报告显示，住在校园里可以提高大一和二年级学生的留校率和出勤率。)”可知，一份报告显示，学校要求学生在校内生活能提高大一和大二学生的留效率和出勤率；由此可知，有些大学要求所有的学生都住在校园里为了让他们在上课在校园的时间更长。故选A项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Off-campus students gain more real-world experience in areas like paying their own bills, finding renter’s insurance, cooking their own meals and negotiating or reviewing contracts. If students are choosing to live off campus, they should really think it through and talk to someone that lived off campus.(校外学生在支付自己的账单、为租房者找保险、自己做饭、谈判或审查合同等方面获得了更多的实际经验。)”可知，住在校外，学生要考虑支付自己的账单，找保险、自己做饭、协商或者审查合同等方面，结合下文中的“Do their homework and look at all the costs before they make that decision. Make sure, too, that they are choosing people that they can live with.(在做决定之前，先做足功课，看看所有的成本。同时也要确保他们选择了可以一起生活的人。)”可知，作者建议选择校外居住前要做足功课，考虑所有的成本以及确保选择了可以一起生活的人；由此可知，选择校外居住前需要考虑到方方面面的问题。故选C项。 35．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“To reduce off-campus costs(为了减少校外居住的成本)”以及划线单词后的“sometimes with four or five people in a two-bedroom house(有时四五个人住在一套两居室的房子里。)”可知，为了降低成本，有些学生选择在两室的卧房里住进四五个人，说明房子里住的人太多，由此可推断，划线单词overpack的意思应与“塞满或者挤满”意思相近。故选D项。 36．主旨大意题。根据首段“First-year college students often are expected or required to live in dormitories. In the rest years, it’s usually up to those students to decide whether to live on or off campus.(大学一年级的学生通常被期望或要求住在宿舍里。在剩下的几年里，通常由这些学生决定是住在校内还是校外。)”可知，大学一年级的学生要求住在宿舍，但在接下来的几年里有学生决定住在校内还是校外，结合下文介绍的校内居住和校外住宿的利和弊，并提供了相关的建议可知，本文主要介绍的是关于学生在校内和校外住房之间选择的讨论；由此可知，题目“校内居住还是校外居住的选择”与本文内容相符，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·江苏苏州·期末）People send messages every day on social media. These online conversations can have a huge impact and shape how societies make decisions. But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? We tried to use artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) to carry out this task. So, we did an online experiment with pairs of people discussing a challenging topic. In the first group, one participant (参与者) in each pair had an AI helper. The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful. It didn’t change the participant’s point of view, though! The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers. In the control group, the people had a conversation on the same topic but neither of the participants had an AI helper. After the discussions ended, the pairs shared their thoughts on how good the conversation was. In our study, the participants accepted the AI’s suggestions two thirds of the time. When they used the AI’s suggestions, the messages became more positive and polite. Participants whose partners used the AI reported feeling better about the conversation. They were more willing to understand and respect each other, even if they still disagreed. The people who used the AI themselves didn’t report a huge change in how they felt about the conversation. However, they were more willing to respect the opinions of others! The results of our study show that AI did a good job of making online discussions polite. But you don’t need a reminder to be respectful. Even in the vast digital world, each conversation matters. Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference. It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding. This is also true for real-life conversations. 37．What do the underlined words “this task” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Starting talks. B．Guiding conversations. C．Changing views. D．Sending messages. 38．What do we learn about participants with AI helpers? A．They responded to AI politely. B．They changed views as AI suggested. C．They tended to respect others’ views. D．They experienced mixed feelings. 39．What does the author want to stress in the last paragraph? A．The effectiveness of AI in online discussions. B．The significance of respectful communication. C．The importance of reminders in conversations. D．The balance between technologies and choices. 40．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Can Al remove mean posts? B．Can AI make online talks kinder? C．How to respect different opinions? D．How to reach an agreement online? 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．B 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）在网络对话中的作用，通过一个在线实验来探讨AI助手如何帮助人们在讨论敏感话题时保持礼貌和尊重。 37．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? (但是有一个日益严重的问题。有时候人们不听对方的，会说一些很伤人的话。如果在线会谈中有一个顾问会不会更好？)”可知，有时候人们不听对方的，会说一些很伤人的话。如果在线会谈中有一个顾问会不会更好？因此划线词指代的是使用人工智能作为在线对话的顾问，以确保对话是礼貌和尊重的即避免说一些很伤人的话，故该任务指代的是即指导对话。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful. It didn’t change the participant’s point of view, though! The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers. (人工智能试图确保讨论是礼貌和尊重的。然而，这并没有改变参与者的观点！参与者可以接受或拒绝人工智能助手的建议，也可以完全编辑人工智能助手提供的信息。)”可知，在使用AI助手可以确保参与者是礼貌的和尊重的，即使存在分歧，参与者可以接受或拒绝人工智能助手的建议，也可以完全编辑人工智能助手提供的信息，更愿意理解和尊重对方。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even in the vast digital world, each conversation matters. Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference. It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding. This is also true for real-life conversations. ( 即使在庞大的数字世界里，每一次对话都很重要。你选择友善和尊重他人会带来很大的不同。它可以促进健康讨论和理解的文化。现实生活中的对话也是如此。)”可知，最后一段强调了尊重的沟通的重要性，即使在数字世界中，每个人的对话都很重要，选择善良和尊重可以促进健康的讨论文化和理解。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But there is a growing problem. Sometimes people don’t listen to each other and can say really hurtful things. Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks? We tried to use artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) to carry out this task. (但是有一个日益严重的问题。有时候人们不听对方的，会说一些很伤人的话。如果在线会谈中有一个顾问会不会更好?我们尝试使用人工智能(AI)来完成这项任务。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能（AI）在网络对话中的作用，通过一个在线实验来探讨AI助手如何帮助人们在讨论敏感话题时保持礼貌和尊重。实验结果显示，使用AI助手的建议可以使对话更加积极和礼貌，参与者更愿意理解和尊重对方，即使他们仍然存在分歧即文章讨论了人工智能在使在线对话更加礼貌方面的作用。故选B。 （23-24高一下·四川成都·期末）Once there was a circle that was incomplete because a large triangular wedge (三角形楔子) had been cut out. The circle wanted to be whole with nothing missing, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete, it could roll only very slowly. As it rolled slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them could fit. So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching. Then one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It took the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice the flowers or talk to the worms. To some extent, we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to dream of something better. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with(接纳) his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go his unrealistic dreams without feeling like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, who can lose someone and still feel like a complete person. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others could only long for. We can achieve fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know. 41．What can we know about the circle? A．It suffered a lot during its journey. B．It felt disappointed to be incomplete. C．It was replaced by a triangular wedge. D．It accepted its incompleteness gradually. 42．Why does the author share with readers the story of the circle? A．To show he’s humorous. B．To prove that we need to be perfect. C．To make his argument more persuasive. D．To explain the importance of being complete. 43．How can we achieve fulfillment according to the author? A．By working hard. B．By pursuing perfection. C．By doing better than others. D．By accepting our imperfection and moving on. 44．What can be the best title for the text? A．True Meaning of Life B．Ways to Achieve Success C．Learning to Appreciate Life D．To Be More Complete with Imperfection 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．D 44．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者借一个寻找缺失部分的圆圈的故事， 阐述了自己对“complete”和“fulfillment”的理解。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段“The circle wanted to be whole with nothing missing, so it went around looking for its missing piece.(圆圈想要完整无缺，所以它四处寻找丢失的那块)”以及第二段“It found lots of different pieces, but none of them could fit. So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching.(它找到了许多不同的碎片，但没有一个能装得下。于是它把它们都扔在路边，继续寻找)”可知，圆圈对自己的残缺感到失望，故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段“To some extent, we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to dream of something better. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with (接纳) his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go his unrealistic dreams without feeling like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, who can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.(在某种程度上，当我们失去一些东西时，我们会更完整。拥有一切的人在某些方面是个穷人。他永远不会知道梦想更好的东西是什么感觉。人生的完整性在于一个人能够接受自己的缺陷，勇敢地放弃不现实的梦想，而不因此而感到失败。人生的完整性在于一个男人或女人学会了如何坚强地度过悲剧并继续生存下去，能够在失去亲人后仍然觉得自己是一个完整的人)”结合该语篇运用类似寓言故事的写法，借讲述一个有启发意义的故事，发表自己对事物的观点看法。即作者和读者分享这个圆的故事是为了使他的论点更有说服力。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others could only long for.(当我们接受不完美是人性的一部分，当我们能继续在生活中滚动并欣赏它时，我们就会获得别人梦寐以求的完整)”可知，我们要接受我们的不完美，然后继续前进，才能实现满足。故选D。 44．主旨大意题。根据第三段“To some extent, we are more whole when we are missing something.(在某种程度上，当我们失去一些东西时，我们会更完整)”以及最后一段“When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others could only long for. We can achieve fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.(当我们接受不完美是人性的一部分，当我们能继续在生活中滚动并欣赏它时，我们就会获得别人梦寐以求的完整。我们可以实现其他生物永远无法实现的成就)”可知，整篇文章都在论证“不完美的人生才是更完整的人生”。D选项“在不完美中变得更完整”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 45．What does the writer think of his image creation? A．Exciting. B．Appealing C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking. 46．What do children’s illustrators value most about art? A．The creating process. B．The final work. C．Personal feelings. D．External forms. 47．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．Different means used in human and AI art creation. D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text. 48．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】45．C 46．A 47．C 48．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为人工智能图像生成虽然便捷，但也有不少弊端，在文中从几个方面进行了阐述。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction.(在我的图像中，这个女人的脸有着非常奇怪的特征，还似乎拿着多本书。而且，虽然看到图像出现时会有一种最初的兴奋感，但却没有创造性的满足感。)”可知，作者认为他的形象创作并不令人满意。故选C。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段第四句和第五句“Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece.(从根本上说，艺术就是把你内心的感受转化成外在的东西。无论采用何种形式，真正的艺术都是关于创造过程而不是最终作品。)”可知，儿童插画家对艺术最看重的是创作的过程。故选A。 47．主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句到第四句“To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work.(为了根据提示创建图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已经存在的艺术和文本数据库。这可能会导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下，故意模仿其他艺术家的风格。有一种观点认为，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影响方面与人类没有什么不同。)”和最后两句“However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy.(然而，人类艺术家也在混合中添加情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制。)”可知，第四段主要是讲在人类和AI艺术创作中使用的不同手段。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists.(越来越多地使用人工智能也将导致艺术家的作品贬值。)”可知，“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”最能总结最后一段。故选B。 （23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）A therapy (治疗) client and I are working on an eating disorder and find it originated from a relationship break-up or perhaps being bullied in middle school. Such hurtful experiences led to not eating for a couple of weeks. Then comes a high praise from a friend that totally backfires. Maybe it’s an enthusiastic, “Wow, you look great!’’ In a flash, this praise excites an inner and often unconscious thought: “Oh, people care more about me if I lose weight. So many things feel out of control but I can control people’s affection by not eating.” Often, very well-intentioned individuals offer praise out of a desire to uplift and connect. Such praise is often tied, directly or indirectly, to a person’s relationship with the standards of a specific group or institution. Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way? One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present. Returning to our example above, when you see that someone has lost weight and you want to give them a praise, just pause and take a deep breath. Simply ask, “How are you doing?” See them and hear them. Appreciate them as a person of limitless value. Know there may be much more to their inner world than meets the eye. Similarly, when you see someone’s success in school, appreciate the hard work they put into it. Ask with gentle curiosity, “How’s it been for you?” Listen with your full attention that in itself can be a rare gift in today’s hustle and bustle world. By maintaining your concern and listening to the ways they want to be accompanied and supported — even when it might not be your first instinct — you can see them as a whole person, with complex feelings, very human needs, and inherent dignity. 49．What does the underlined word “backfires” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Improves the situation. B．Shows sincere concern. C．Removes hurtful feelings. D．Produces an unexpected result. 50．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Analyzing the phenomenon. B．Listing another example. C．Presenting the solution. D．Making a proposal. 51．Why does the author suggest simply asking “How are you doing”? A．To start a light conversation. B．To focus on one’s inner needs. C．To explore the secret of keeping slim. D．To show appreciation for one’s efforts. 52．What might be the title for the text? A．Say No to the “Right or Wrong” Game B．Why We Need to Make Praises to Others. C．Follow Me and Be a Qualified Therapist D．How Innocent Words can Be Harmful 【答案】49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们常常出于好意而赞美他人，但这种赞美有时却会贬低个体的尊严，降低他们的内在价值。文章建议我们改变赞美方式，不要去做“对与错”的游戏，从关注个体的需求和感受出发，以更加尊重和理解的态度来欣赏他人。 49．词句猜测题。划线词上文“A therapy (治疗) client and I are working on an eating disorder and find it originated from a relationship break-up or perhaps being bullied in middle school. Such hurtful experiences led to not eating for a couple of weeks. (我和一位治疗客户正在治疗一种饮食失调症，发现它起源于一段关系的破裂，或者可能是在中学时被欺负。这种痛苦的经历导致了几周不吃东西)”讲述作者帮助患饮食失调症的患者找到了病因，积极寻求治疗方法，下文“Maybe it’s an enthusiastic, “Wow, you look great!’’ In a flash, this praise excites an inner and often unconscious thought: “Oh, people care more about me if I lose weight. So many things feel out of control but I can control people’s affection by not eating.”(“哇，你看起来棒极了！”也许是一句热情的话。顷刻间，这种赞美激发了一种内在的、往往是无意识的想法：“哦，如果我减肥了，人们会更关心我。”很多事情都失去了控制，但我可以通过不吃东西来控制人们的感情。”)”却说朋友不合时宜的赞美让病人认为减肥可以让人们会更关心自己，可以通过不吃东西来控制人们的感情。朋友的话让作者给病人的治疗功亏一篑。由此推知，“Then comes a high praise from a friend that totally backfires.(然后来自朋友的高度赞扬backfires)”中backfires的意思是“produces an unexpected result(产生了一个意想不到的结果)”。故选D项。 50．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Often, very well-intentioned individuals offer praise out of a desire to uplift and connect. Such praise is often tied, directly or indirectly, to a person’s relationship with the standards of a specific group or institution. Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way?(通常，出于善意的人会出于鼓励和加强联系的目的而给予赞美。这种赞美通常直接或间接地与一个人与特定群体或机构的标准的关系联系在一起。可悲的是，这样的赞美很容易将个人的尊严降低到符合群体期望的水平，而不是支持他们固有的尊严和价值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”可知，段中针对第一段描述的情况，深入分析了善意的赞美所带来的意想不到的后果的原因，指出这种赞美往往与外部标准或群体期望联系在一起，潜在地损害了个人固有的尊严和价值。是对上文所述现象的深入剖析。故选A项。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present. Returning to our example above, when you see that someone has lost weight and you want to give them a praise, just pause and take a deep breath. Simply ask, “How are you doing?” See them and hear them. Appreciate them as a person of limitless value. Know there may be much more to their inner world than meets the eye.(方法之一是不要去做“对与错”的游戏，选择一个更有生命的关注点，关注他们当前的需求。回到我们上面的例子，当你看到有人体重减轻了，你想表扬他们的时候，就停下来深呼吸。简单地问：“你好吗?”看他们所做，听他们所讲。把他们当作一个有无限价值的人来欣赏。要知道，他们的内心世界可能比你看到的要多得多)”可知，作者建议通过简单地问“你好吗？”来关注别人的内心。故选B项。 52．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Sadly, such praise can easily reduce an individual’s dignity to their level in line with the group’s expectations rather than supporting their inherent (固有的) dignity and worth. So, what’s a better way?(可悲的是，这样的赞美很容易将个人的尊严降低到符合群体期望的水平，而不是支持他们固有的尊严和价值。那么，有什么更好的方法呢？)”和第四段中“One answer is to exit the game of “right and wrong” and enter a more life-giving focus on what needs are present.(方法之一是不要去做“对与错”的游戏，选择一个更有生命的关注点，关注他们当前的需求)”可知，文章先提出问题：如何更好地赞美，然后给出答案：不要去做“对与错”的游戏，要从关注个体的需求和感受出发，以更加尊重和理解的态度来欣赏他人，这也是作者想要告诉读者的道理。由此可知，本文最佳标题是“Say No to the “Right or Wrong” Game(向“对或错”的游戏说不)”。故选A项。 （23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them. Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. 53．What can be implied from Jenn Berman’s remarks? A．Parents praise their kids too much. B．Going to the extremes is common for parents. C．Parents should understand their kids better. D．Confidence is significant for kids’ well being. 54．What does the underlined word “backfire” mean? A．Give support. B．Get undesired effect. C．Put a fire under control. D．Become powerful. 55．As to giving children praise, which aspect will Donahue agree to? A．Praise your children as often as possible. B．Never expect much of your children. C．All children deserves a verbal reward. D．Children’s effort outweighs the result. 56．How does the author develop the last paragraph? A．By answering a question. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting. D．By making comparison. 【答案】53．A 54．B 55．D 56．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出，过多的表扬可能会让孩子不敢尝试新事物或冒险，而表扬不足则可能让孩子感到自己不够好或不被关心。专家建议，表扬的质量比数量更重要，应该真诚地关注孩子的努力而非结果，并根据孩子的具体情况给予适当的表扬。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.(《培养快乐自信的孩子A到Z指南》一书的作者詹恩·伯尔曼说：“几十年前，父母往往更严格，而现在我们走到了与之相反的极端。”通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们正在建立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反)”可知，詹恩·伯尔曼认为以前的父母对孩子很严格，但现在我们走到了另一个极端，即父母对孩子过度表扬。故选A项。 54．词句猜测题。上文“By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.(通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们正在建立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反)”明确告知过多的表扬会导致相反的结果，所以划线词所在句“Too much praise can backfire”是指过多的表扬会适得其反。划线词backfire与get undesired effect同义，指“产生不良效果”。故选B项。 55．推理判断题。根据第三段中唐纳修的话“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,(我们应该特别认可孩子们为实现目标而付出的努力)”和“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.(要记住的一件事是，重要的是过程而不是最终结果)”可知，唐纳修认为表扬应关注孩子们为实现目标而付出的努力，重要的是过程而不是最终结果。由此推知，他赞同“孩子们的努力比结果重要”这一说法。故选D项。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.(你的儿子可能不是球队里最好的篮球运动员。但如果他每天都在那里努力打球，不管他的球队是赢是输，你都应该赞扬他的努力。赞美孩子的努力，而不是结果，也意味着在孩子努力打扫院子、做饭或完成读书报告时，对她的认可。但不管是什么，表扬都应该基于具体情况，并与孩子付出的努力成比例)”可知，段中就我们应该如何表扬孩子进行了举例说明，文中列举并说明了孩子打篮球、打扫院子、做饭或完成读书报告后，我们应该如何进行表扬。所以最后一段是通过的举例方式展开的。故选B项。 （23-24高三上·河南南阳·期末）I bet you have heard about the story of the frog and the boiling water. If you have no idea what the story is all about, here it is… It is a famous fable which surrounds the personal development industry that describes a frog in boiling water. If you put a frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump out, but if you put the frog into a pot of lukewarm (不冷不热的) water and then slowly boils the water, the frog will eventually be heated to death due to its unconsciousness of the gradual temperature change. Many people go through life without noticing the gradual changes, which causes them all sorts of problems. When you are in your twenties, you can eat whatever you want, ice-creams, junk foods, chips, chocolates, and you can even party all night without feeling tired or exhausted the next day. But when you get to your forties, you will notice the change. You will feel that you’re not as energetic as when you’re in your twenties. Plus, your metabolism rate will decrease. And if you continue to eat and put in all junk foods into your stomach, you will develop a bloated belly. The story of the frog and the boiling water gives us a good hint about how our failure to notice gradual changes in our life can cause us huge problems. If you keep spending without saving, when you get to your fifties, you will regret not saving enough for retirement. If you blame and make excuses every day and you don’t work on your future, after 10 years down the road, you will have hoped that you started earlier. You will wish that you have a time machine so that you can start over again. Never let the “slow boiling water” kills you. Instead, learn to improve and cope with whatever you can right now. You don’t have to wait for the perfect moment to start. You don’t have to know and understand everything only to begin. You can start right now. 57．What results in the death of the frog in the lukewarm water? A．Its personal development industry. B．Its unawareness of the rising temperature. C．Its surrounding industry’s great influence. D．Its adaptation to the slowly rising temperature. 58．How does Paragraph 3 develop? A．By contrast. B．By time. C．By reasoning. D．By assumption. 59．What will most probably be talked about in the next paragraph? A．Good hints. B．Tips to improve. C．“Slow boiling water” skills. D．The best moment to start. 60．What can we learn from the text? A．Still waters run deep. B．Good wine needs no bush. C．Great minds think alike. D．A young idler, an old beggar. 【答案】57．B 58．A 59．B 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过温水煮青蛙的故事警醒读者，要警惕生活中那些逐渐的变化，否则会有巨大的问题，建议我们应当为未来努力，从现在开始，积极采取行动，学会改进。 57．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you put a frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump out, but if you put the frog into a pot of lukewarm (不冷不热的) water and then slowly boils the water, the frog will eventually be heated to death due to its unconsciousness of the gradual temperature change. (如果你把一只青蛙放进一锅沸腾的水里，它会跳出来，但如果你把青蛙放进一锅温水里，然后慢慢煮沸，青蛙最终会因为没有意识到温度的逐渐变化而被加热致死)”可知，青蛙因为意识不到逐渐升高的温度而死亡。故选B项。 58．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When you are in your twenties, you can eat whatever you want, ice-creams, junk foods, chips, chocolates, and you can even party all night without feeling tired or exhausted the next day. But when you get to your forties, you will notice the change. You will feel that you’re not as energetic as when you’re in your twenties. Plus, your metabolism rate will decrease. And if you continue to eat and put in all junk foods into your stomach, you will develop a bloated belly. (当你二十多岁的时候，你想吃什么就吃什么，冰淇淋、垃圾食品、薯片、巧克力，你甚至可以通宵聚会，第二天也不会感到疲倦或疲惫。但是当你四十多岁的时候，你会注意到这种变化。你会觉得自己没有20多岁时那么精力充沛。另外，你的新陈代谢率也会降低。如果你继续吃，把所有的垃圾食品都放进胃里，你就会有一个臃肿的肚子)”可推知，作者通过二十岁和四十岁时身体状态的对比，证明温水煮青蛙效应带来的不良后果。故选A项。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Never let the “slow boiling water” kills you. Instead, learn to improve and cope with whatever you can right now. You don’t have to wait for the perfect moment to start. You don’t have to know and understand everything only to begin. You can start right now. (永远不要让“慢沸水”杀死你。相反，学会改进和应对你现在能做的一切。你不必等到完美的时刻才开始。你不需要知道和理解一切才开始。你现在就可以开始)”可知，本段总结人应该警惕“慢沸水”，从现在开始行动，做出改进。由此推知，接下来作者可能会讲改善现状的方法。故选B项。 60．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第四段中“The story of the frog and the boiling water gives us a good hint about how our failure to notice gradual changes in our life can cause us huge problems. (青蛙和沸水的故事给了我们一个很好的提示：如果我们没有注意到生活中逐渐发生的变化，就会给我们带来巨大的问题)”可知，文章通过温水煮青蛙的故事警醒读者忽略生活中那些逐渐的变化的危害，建议我们应当为未来努力，从现在开始，积极采取行动，学会改进。因此，我们可以学到“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲”。A. 静水流深；B. 酒香不怕巷子深；C. 英雄所见略同。故选D项。 （23-24高三上·湖南娄底·期末）Recently, I was walking with some parents when we came across a five-pound note lying on the ground. We stood around it for a moment, a bit awkwardly, until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench. Then one of the parents remarked that we’d probably have behaved differently — that is, we would have just taken the money — had we been alone. This relates to a classic question in studies of human generosity: do we behave more selfishly when we aren’t being observed? The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences, as well as in popular culture, about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world. Yom Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they’ve committed. One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching. There’s an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur, which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution. The Maasai people of Kenya practice osotua: relationships between people that operate based on need. When someone forms an osotua relationship with another, they enter into an unwritten contract to help their partner in times of need. And hunter-gatherer groups, which can represent the circumstances our species evolved in, have many similar examples. Cultural evolution helps to explain the existence and complexity of these systems. Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution, allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments. Osotua, or any other practice that helps to maintain good treatment of others in society, is the result of tens of thousands of years of cultural trial and error. The customs passed down over time are those that help us to develop as cultural groups. The study of those changes has helped us to understand how we successfully spread around the world as cooperative groups. Biological evolution has helped humans be more cooperative, but cultural changes have accelerated this process. Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures. Try to understand rules before you ignore them — and next time you find a fiver on the ground, you might think about the awkward situation your discovery represents. 61．What made the parents feel a bit awkward? A．The difficulty sharing the money. B．The difficulty finding the owner of the money. C．The thought of putting the money on the bench. D．The thought of keeping the money for themselves. 62．Why is “Yom Kippur” talked about in the text? A．To highlight a fact. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To make a comparison. D．To support an argument. 63．How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution? A．It evolves much slower. B．It takes much less time. C．It is a more complex process. D．It makes humans more cooperative. 64．What does the author intend to explain in the text? A．How cultural evolution takes place. B．Why people sometimes behave selfishly. C．Why kindness exists in a competitive world. D．How kindness spreads throughout the world. 【答案】61．D 62．D 63．A 64．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在这个充满竞争的世界里善行是存在的，不同的社会中存在不同的善行的事例，而善行的存在是千百年来的文化进化所致，它帮助我们克服自私的本性。 61．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We stood around it for a moment, a bit awkwardly, until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench. Then one of the parents remarked that we’d probably have behaved differently — that is, we would have just taken the money — had we been alone. (我们围着它有点尴尬地站了一会儿，直到有人建议把它放在附近的长凳上。然后，其中一位家长说，如果我们单独在那里，我们的行为可能会有所不同——也就是说，我们会直接拿走钱)”可知，当看到地上的钱时，这些父母们实际上产生了自私的想法：将钱占为己有，这种想法使人感到有点尴尬。故选D项。 62．推理判断题。根据第三段“Yom Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they’ve committed. One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching. There’s an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur, which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution. (赎罪日是犹太人的宗教节日，犹太人在这一天斋戒，为自己犯下的错误请求宽恕。赎罪日的要点之一就是无论谁在观看，都要表现得更好。赎罪日的教义有一种进化的美，它是几千年文化变化和进化的产物)”可知，赎罪日的教义要求人遵循善行，为自己的错误请求宽恕，它源于文化变化和进化，再结合第二段末“The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences, as well as in popular culture, about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world. (关于善行是否能存在于一个竞争激烈的世界，在心理学和生物科学以及流行文化中都有争论)”可推知，提到赎罪日是为了支持“善行能存在于一个竞争激烈的世界”的论点，并引出其背后的原因。故选D项。 63．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution, allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments. (文化的变化比生物进化要快得多，这使得像人类这样有智力的物种能够发展出适应复杂社会环境的行为)”可知，生物进化与文化进化的不同之处在于它进行地慢得多。故选A项。 64．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章在语篇结构上分为三部分，第一部分由第一、二段构成，引出文章的话题：在这个充满竞争的世界里是否还存在善行，第二部分由第三、四段构成，列举有关例子来证明人的善行的存在，第三部分由第五至七段构成，解释仍然存在善行是千百年来的文化进化所致，最后一段中“Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures. (文化进化帮助我们克服自私的本性)”点明文章的主旨。由此可知，作者主要想解释“为什么善行存在于充满竞争的世界”。故选C项。 （23-24高三上·北京石景山·期末）A Swiss radio station recently carried out a social experiment on air, testing robot-created voices and content. The 13-hour experiment took place at the French-language station Couleur 3. During the period, listeners heard the cloned voices of five human presenters. The station’s programming also included music created by artificial intelligence (AI) methods. The programming informed listeners about the experiment every 20 minutes. “AI is taking your favorite radio by storm,” a voice said. “Our voice clones and AI are here to unsettle, surprise and shake you. And for that matter, this text was also written by a robot.” Recent AI developments have led to the creation of a series of tools that permit robots to lead different human activities. These tools belong to a group of systems known as “generative AI”. The tools use machine learning methods to train AI systems on huge amounts of data to produce human-quality results. One of the most highly publicized generative AI tools is called ChatGPT. It received wide attention by demonstrating the ability to quickly produce written answers to questions at a level and quality similar to humans. However, the development of “generative AI” systems has led to some criticism of the technology. Critics have warned that such systems, if used incorrectly, could cause economic, cultural and social harms. The station said in a statement it received hundreds of messages on the day of the experiment, with some supporting and others opposing. One person complained of unfunny jokes. Another listener admitted to not recognizing the programming as an experiment. One critic called the project a waste of time for a station that gets public financing. Many listeners noted, “You can sense these are robots, and there are fewer surprises, less personality.” Some listeners were even more forceful, urging station officials to “give us back our humans!” The Swiss station’s chief, Antoine Multone, told The Associated Press that Couleur 3 was able to carry out the experiment because it is already known for doing provocative things. Multone defended the project as a lesson on how to live with AI. “I think if we become ostriches (鸵鸟) ... we put our heads in the sand and say, ‘Mon Dieu, there’s a new technology! We’re all going to die!’ then yeah, we’re going to die because it (AI) is coming, whether we like it or not,” Multone said by phone. “We want to master the technology so we can then put limits on it.” He added that about 90 percent of the listener reactions suggested the experiment was a good idea. 65．What did the social experiment test? A．Audiences’ feedback. B．Robot-created systems. C．Human presenters’ voices. D．AI-generated programmes. 66．What does the word “provocative” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Stimulative. B．Conservative. C．Persuasive. D．Instructive. 67．What should we do with AI according to Antoine Multone? A．Limit and prevent its progress. B．Take human elements out of it. C．Take advantage of it without defence. D．Research and make use of it sensibly. 68．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Putting AI Voices on Radio B．Creating Generative AI Tools C．Exploring the Development of AI D．Replacing Announcers with AI 【答案】65．D 66．A 67．D 68．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。瑞士一家广播电台进行了一项社会实验，测试人工智能创造的声音和内容，而对于人工智能，批评者们、该电台台长和许多人有不同的观点。 65．细节理解题。根据第一段“A Swiss radio station recently carried out a social experiment on air, testing robot-created voices and content. The 13-hour experiment took place at the French-language station Couleur 3. During the period, listeners heard the cloned voices of five human presenters.(瑞士一家广播电台最近在播放中进行了一项社会实验，测试机器人创造的声音和内容。这场为期13个小时的实验在法语站Couleur 3进行。在此期间，听众听到了五位人类主持人的克隆声音)”可知，瑞士这家广播电台在法语站Couleur 3测试机器人创造的声音和内容，播放了五位主持人的克隆声音。由此可知，实验的目的是测试机器人创造出来的声音。故选D。 66．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The 13-hour experiment took place at the French-language station Couleur 3.(这个13个小时的实验是在法语站“Couleur 3”进行的)”以及划线词上文“Couleur 3 was able to carry out the experiment because it is already known for doing”可知，Couleur 3已经进行了这项实验，是因为它已经以做激励性的事情而闻名，所以被指派进行这项实验。故划线词与Stimulative“激励的”意思一致。故选A。 67．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We want to master the technology so we can then put limits on it. (我们想要掌握这项技术，这样我们就可以对它加以限制)”可知，他认为我们应该研究人工智能技术，并理智使用它。故选D。 68．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段引出下文对人工智能的讨论，根据第一段首句“A Swiss radio station recently carried out a social experiment on air, testing robot-created voices and content. (瑞士一家广播电台最近在播放中进行了一项社会实验，测试机器人创造的声音和内容)”可知，本文主要通过瑞士一家广播电台做的关于机器人创造的声音和内容的社会实验，引出不同的人对人工智能的不同看法。由此可知，A选项“在广播中播放人工智能声音”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 （23-24高三上·江苏常州·期末）The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more. Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there. This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution. Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place. Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way. Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises. 69．Why does the author mention Apple’s problem? A．As the main topic. B．As the model. C．As an example. D．As a sharp contrast. 70．What can we know about Alexa and Siri? A．They are both Apple’s search products. B．They help consumers make their own choices. C．They have bettered the user experience greatly. D．They work to the benefits of tech giants behind. 71．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution? A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Unclear. D．Unconcerned. 72．The author writes this article to ask readers to _____. A．abandon using artificial intelligence B．abandon using products from tech giants C．recognize the nature of AI-based solution D．recognize the nature of poorly designed apps 【答案】69．C 70．D 71．B 72．C 【导语】本文的是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在用户界面设计中的应用所带来的问题，包括使用困难、选择受限以及科技公司对用户决策的控制等。 69．推理判断题。根据第二段“Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence.(像许多公司一样，苹果公司已经决定，如果可以使用人工智能，就没有必要开发一款易于使用的产品)”可知，作者使用Apple作为众多公司中的一个代表，来说明即使是知名公司如Apple在使用人工智能时也忽视了易用性的问题，所以是作为一个例子。故选C项。 70．细节理解题。根据第四段“Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” (Alexa和Siri已经成为有意计算的替代品。他们很容易将命令输入语音界面，但牺牲了“我们能做什么”，而变成了“亚马逊或苹果允许我们做什么”)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。当用户在Siri或Alexa中搜索某样东西时，苹果和亚马逊控制着搜索结果。谷歌已经根据你的位置提供了截然不同的搜索结果，并多次重新设计搜索本身，以欺骗用户点击在某种程度上有利于谷歌的链接)”可知，Alexa和Siri等智能助手虽然提供了便捷的语音交互方式，但限制了用户的选择，使得用户只能做Amazon或Apple允许的事情。这实际上是在为这些科技巨头控制用户决策、进而获取更多利益服务。故选D项。 71．推理判断题。根据第三段“This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices.(这种人工智能的“创新”并不是创造新东西，而只是公司在几十年混乱的设计选择之后向你出售基本的可用性)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。)”可知，作者认为科技巨头的人工智能解决方案不是创造新东西且剥夺了用户的选择，所以是不赞成的。故选B项。 72．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises.(令人沮丧的是，我们的未来将成为一个我们必须在向人工智能寻求帮助或在越来越多的设计糟糕的菜单中挣扎之间做出选择的地方，希望我们能够帮助自己。作为消费者，我们应该向那些将我们的数字生活变成万亿级企业的公司提出更多要求)”可知，这里作者呼吁读者认识到当前基于AI的用户界面设计存在的问题，以及这些问题如何影响用户的选择和决策。所以是为了让读者认识到基于人工智能的解决方案的本质。故选C项。 （23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期末）AI could make it less necessary to learn foreign languages. That is good news for travelers, bad news for soulful connection. Travel has long been a motivator for study — unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanizing themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and pizza. As AI translation becomes a more popular labour-saving tool, people will divide into two groups. There will be those who want to challenge their minds, put themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper. 73．What does the word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 2? A．Growing. B．Lasting. C．Declining. D．Challenging. 74．What is the underlined part “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest” compared to? A．Using AI tools to do the translation. B．Doing the work that gives you satisfaction. C．Making effort$$