语法精讲专题06 动词的时态语态和主谓一致 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练

语法精讲专题 06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（原卷版） 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致精讲 高考近五年考情 考点一 时态、语态 高频考查易混时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时。 语态和时态一起综合考查，动词过去式和过去分词易混难点。 考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 考点二 主谓一致 主谓一致也会和时态、语态一起考查。其难点是主语出现修饰词、主语倒装及动词形式的变换规则。 考点一　动词的时态 1.一般现在时 a.表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。 We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting. 我们都尊敬她，因为她总是尝试新的方法使她的课生动有趣。 Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups to keep in shape. 汤姆早上总是慢跑，他通常做俯卧撑来保持体形。 b.少数表示位置移动的动词，如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop，depart等，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。 The flight takes off in twenty minutes—we will never make it. 飞机还有20分钟就要起飞了，我们赶不上了。 c.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow. 如果不下雨，明天我们将去野餐。 2.一般过去时 a.表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at that time等。 The plan of protecting the environment came up at the meeting last year. 保护环境的计划在去年的会议上提出。 b.有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的这类动词有：know, think, expect, want等。 Edward, you play so well.But I didn’t know you could play the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。 c.根据上下文或主从句提示。 I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry. 我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。 3.一般将来时 a.“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。 I believe this activity will promote better communication and understanding between us. 我相信这次活动会促进我们之间更好的沟通和理解。 b.“be going to＋动词原形” ·表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。 The famous doctor is going to set out to perform the operation, so please keep calm. 这位著名的医生马上就要开始做手术了，所以请保持冷静。 ·表示有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain. 看天上的乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。 c.“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。一般不与具体的时间状语连用。 Please switch off your mobile phones! The meeting is about to begin. 请关掉手机！会议就要开始了。 d.“be to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作。 It is hoped that China’s economy is to grow at a medium speed in the coming year. 希望中国经济在新的一年里保持中速增长。 4.现在进行时 a.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Now I am planning our schedule for the trip.现在我正在计划我们的旅行日程。 b.某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving. 有些树在没有足够的水时会发出咔嚓声，表示干旱即将来临。 (2)过去进行时 a.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。 He was writing a book last year, but I don’t know if he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书，但我不知道他是否已经完成。 b.表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 She arrived just as we were leaving. 她到的时候我们正要离开。 5.将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at 8：00 am tomorrow, in the next two months等时间状语连用。 He will be negotiating with the other company at this time next Tuesday. 下周二这个时候他正与另一家公司谈判。 6.现在完成进行时 a.表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常与these days，recently，lately，in the past/last＋时间段； since＋时间点； for＋时间段等连用。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。 b.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 7.现在完成时 a.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常与recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years...等连用。 So far，China has adopted the dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy. 到目前为止，中国采取了新冠动态清零政策。 b.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”“since...”表述的时间状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自从上个月出版以来获得了很多好评。 [点拨]　在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。 8.过去完成时 a.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。 By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1，000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1 000多封信。 b.在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“刚……就……”。 Hardly had I gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 我刚做完作业，电话铃就响了。 c.某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 我本想在彼得结婚时送他一件礼物祝贺，但我没能做到。 d.在“It/This was the first(second, etc.) time＋that从句” 句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time I had taken part in such a meaningful activity. 那是我第一次参加这样有意义的活动。 【重难突破】 1.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连，它所表示的是过去的情况；现在完成时说的是现在的情况。 When I was at college I spoke three foreign languages but I have forgotten all except a few words of each. 我上大学时会说三种外语，但现在几乎全忘了，每种语言只记得几个单词。 2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 用法 例句 区别1 现在完成进行时强调动作的未完成性 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔细考虑这件事。 现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have thought it over. 我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。 区别2 现在完成进行时表示动作的反复 Have you been meeting him recently？你最近经常见他吗？ 现在完成时不表示动作的反复 Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ 区别3 现在完成进行时可以表示某种感情色彩 I have been waiting for you for three hours. 我已经等了你三个小时了。(暗含不满的语气) 现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带有感情色彩 I have waited for you for three hours. 我已等了你三个小时。(说明一个事实) 3.一般过去时与过去完成时的比较 (1)针对时间不同：一般过去时是针对现在而言的，过去完成时则是针对过去某一时刻而言的。 (2)时间状语不同：过去完成时的时间状语常是by或before构成的短语，如by that time，before 2，000，“by the time＋句子”等。一般过去时的时间状语有two years ago，the day before yesterday等。 John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a party.But we had seen each other a couple of times before that. 约翰和我已经是8年的朋友了。我们第一次相识是在一次聚会上。但那之前我们见过几次面。 【解题指导】 确定动词时态的“四个依据” 依据一：时间状语 动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。 【典例】　In the last few years，China (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 答案　has made　 解析：题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。 依据二：参照动词 当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。 【典例】　When he realized he (walk) into a deep valley，he was too frightened to know what to do. 答案　had walked　 解析：句意：当他意识到自己走进了深谷之后，他非常害怕以至于不知道做什么。由语境可知，walk into a deep valley的动作先于realize的动作发生，故用过去完成时。 依据三：句意或语境 当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。 【典例】　However，as society (progress)，the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 答案　progresses　 解析：句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高将会见证更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。设空处作从句谓语，根据语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；从句主语society是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 依据四：固定句式 英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。 1.It is the first/second/...time that sb have/has done... 2.It was the first/second/...time that sb had done... 3.Sb was doing sth when...did... 4.Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when...did... 5.Sb was about to do sth when...did... 6.It’s(high)time that sb did/should do sth 【典例】　One day，I (walk) from classroom across campus to catch my bus home when an old man came down the sidewalk toward me. 答案　was walking　 解析：由语境可知，本句使用了句型“be (was/were) doing sth when...”表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”，when后的并列分句用一般过去时，故本空填提示动词的过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作。 考点二　动词的语态 1.各种时态中被动语态的构成 时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词 过去时 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词 将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词 shall/will＋have been＋过去分词 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 [点拨]　a.动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。 Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 b.有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：have，cost，lack，own，belong to，date from/back to，take part in。 It is an old custom that dates back to 4，000 years ago. 这是一个追溯到4 000年前的古老习俗。 c.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：happen/take place/occur，remain，last，break out，come out，come up，run out等。 NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption before an explosion happens. 美国国家航空航天局在一份声明中表示，它希望这个小型轨道仪器可以在火山爆发前帮助预测火山爆发。 【重难突破】 主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况 系动词，如：smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如：read, write, sell, wash, clean等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗？ 某些与can’t, won’t等连用的不及物动词，如open, shut, move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door won’t shut. 这扇门关不上。 少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如print, cook, sell等。 The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。 考点三　主谓一致原则 1.语法一致原则 (1)动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。 [点拨]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。 (2)主语后跟with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和学生们都非常激动。 [点拨]　 a.and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 b.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。 c.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the missing have been found. 患病的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。 (4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Two thousand miles is a long distance. 两千英里是一段很长的距离。 2.意义一致原则 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The whole class were told to stay behind after school. 全班的学生被告知放学后留下。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books were written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 3.就近一致原则 (1)由or, either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 【解题指导】 【典例】　Later，Nelson (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work. 答案　was awarded　 解析：句意：后来纳尔逊被授予总统自由勋章，以表彰他的工作。句中的时间状语Later表明这里叙述的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时；Nelson与award为动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语为Nelson，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填was awarded。 单句语法填空（近五年高考真题） 1.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.” 3.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 4.（2024全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 5. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 6.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 7.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 8.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 9.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 10.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 11．（2023天津3月卷改编）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________（cause）a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. 12.（2023新课标II卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 13.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 14.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 15.（2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 16． （2023天津3月卷改编）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________(bring)a group for a birthday party. 17.（2023天津6月卷改编）The wooden tower that _________ (restore)will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. 18.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 19.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 20.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 21.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 22.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 23.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 24.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 25.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 26.（2022北京卷）Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 27.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 28.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 29.（2021新课标I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 30.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 31.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 32.（2021新课标II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 33.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 34.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 35.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 36.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals_________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 37.（2020新课标）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 38.（2020新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 39.（2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 40.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法精讲专题 06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（解析版） 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致+解题指导+近五年高考真题精练 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致精讲 高考近五年考情 考点一 时态、语态 高频考查易混时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时。 语态和时态一起综合考查，动词过去式和过去分词易混难点。 考查情态动词在被动语态用法，且注意情态动词后接动词原形基本用法。 考点二 主谓一致 主谓一致也会和时态、语态一起考查。其难点是主语出现修饰词、主语倒装及动词形式的变换规则。 考点一　动词的时态 1.一般现在时 a.表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。 We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting. 我们都尊敬她，因为她总是尝试新的方法使她的课生动有趣。 Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups to keep in shape. 汤姆早上总是慢跑，他通常做俯卧撑来保持体形。 b.少数表示位置移动的动词，如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop，depart等，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。 The flight takes off in twenty minutes—we will never make it. 飞机还有20分钟就要起飞了，我们赶不上了。 c.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow. 如果不下雨，明天我们将去野餐。 2.一般过去时 a.表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at that time等。 The plan of protecting the environment came up at the meeting last year. 保护环境的计划在去年的会议上提出。 b.有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的这类动词有：know, think, expect, want等。 Edward, you play so well.But I didn’t know you could play the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。 c.根据上下文或主从句提示。 I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry. 我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。 3.一般将来时 a.“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。 I believe this activity will promote better communication and understanding between us. 我相信这次活动会促进我们之间更好的沟通和理解。 b.“be going to＋动词原形” ·表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。 The famous doctor is going to set out to perform the operation, so please keep calm. 这位著名的医生马上就要开始做手术了，所以请保持冷静。 ·表示有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain. 看天上的乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。 c.“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。一般不与具体的时间状语连用。 Please switch off your mobile phones! The meeting is about to begin. 请关掉手机！会议就要开始了。 d.“be to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作。 It is hoped that China’s economy is to grow at a medium speed in the coming year. 希望中国经济在新的一年里保持中速增长。 4.现在进行时 a.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Now I am planning our schedule for the trip.现在我正在计划我们的旅行日程。 b.某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving. 有些树在没有足够的水时会发出咔嚓声，表示干旱即将来临。 (2)过去进行时 a.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。 He was writing a book last year, but I don’t know if he has finished it. 他去年在写一本书，但我不知道他是否已经完成。 b.表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 She arrived just as we were leaving. 她到的时候我们正要离开。 5.将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at 8：00 am tomorrow, in the next two months等时间状语连用。 He will be negotiating with the other company at this time next Tuesday. 下周二这个时候他正与另一家公司谈判。 6.现在完成进行时 a.表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常与these days，recently，lately，in the past/last＋时间段； since＋时间点； for＋时间段等连用。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。 b.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 7.现在完成时 a.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常与recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years...等连用。 So far，China has adopted the dynamic zero-COVID-19 strategy. 到目前为止，中国采取了新冠动态清零政策。 b.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”“since...”表述的时间状语连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自从上个月出版以来获得了很多好评。 [点拨]　在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。 8.过去完成时 a.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。 By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1，000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1 000多封信。 b.在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“刚……就……”。 Hardly had I gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 我刚做完作业，电话铃就响了。 c.某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 我本想在彼得结婚时送他一件礼物祝贺，但我没能做到。 d.在“It/This was the first(second, etc.) time＋that从句” 句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time I had taken part in such a meaningful activity. 那是我第一次参加这样有意义的活动。 【重难突破】 1.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连，它所表示的是过去的情况；现在完成时说的是现在的情况。 When I was at college I spoke three foreign languages but I have forgotten all except a few words of each. 我上大学时会说三种外语，但现在几乎全忘了，每种语言只记得几个单词。 2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 用法 例句 区别1 现在完成进行时强调动作的未完成性 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在仔细考虑这件事。 现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have thought it over. 我已经仔细考虑过这件事了。 区别2 现在完成进行时表示动作的反复 Have you been meeting him recently？你最近经常见他吗？ 现在完成时不表示动作的反复 Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ 区别3 现在完成进行时可以表示某种感情色彩 I have been waiting for you for three hours. 我已经等了你三个小时了。(暗含不满的语气) 现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带有感情色彩 I have waited for you for three hours. 我已等了你三个小时。(说明一个事实) 3.一般过去时与过去完成时的比较 (1)针对时间不同：一般过去时是针对现在而言的，过去完成时则是针对过去某一时刻而言的。 (2)时间状语不同：过去完成时的时间状语常是by或before构成的短语，如by that time，before 2，000，“by the time＋句子”等。一般过去时的时间状语有two years ago，the day before yesterday等。 John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a party.But we had seen each other a couple of times before that. 约翰和我已经是8年的朋友了。我们第一次相识是在一次聚会上。但那之前我们见过几次面。 【解题指导】 确定动词时态的“四个依据” 依据一：时间状语 动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。 【典例】　In the last few years，China (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 答案　has made　 解析：题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。 依据二：参照动词 当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。 【典例】　When he realized he (walk) into a deep valley，he was too frightened to know what to do. 答案　had walked　 解析：句意：当他意识到自己走进了深谷之后，他非常害怕以至于不知道做什么。由语境可知，walk into a deep valley的动作先于realize的动作发生，故用过去完成时。 依据三：句意或语境 当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。 【典例】　However，as society (progress)，the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 答案　progresses　 解析：句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高将会见证更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。设空处作从句谓语，根据语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；从句主语society是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 依据四：固定句式 英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。 1.It is the first/second/...time that sb have/has done... 2.It was the first/second/...time that sb had done... 3.Sb was doing sth when...did... 4.Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when...did... 5.Sb was about to do sth when...did... 6.It’s(high)time that sb did/should do sth 【典例】　One day，I (walk) from classroom across campus to catch my bus home when an old man came down the sidewalk toward me. 答案　was walking　 解析：由语境可知，本句使用了句型“be (was/were) doing sth when...”表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”，when后的并列分句用一般过去时，故本空填提示动词的过去进行时表示过去正在发生的动作。 考点二　动词的语态 1.各种时态中被动语态的构成 时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词 过去时 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词 将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词 shall/will＋have been＋过去分词 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 [点拨]　a.动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。 Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 b.有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：have，cost，lack，own，belong to，date from/back to，take part in。 It is an old custom that dates back to 4，000 years ago. 这是一个追溯到4 000年前的古老习俗。 c.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：happen/take place/occur，remain，last，break out，come out，come up，run out等。 NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption before an explosion happens. 美国国家航空航天局在一份声明中表示，它希望这个小型轨道仪器可以在火山爆发前帮助预测火山爆发。 【重难突破】 主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况 系动词，如：smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如：read, write, sell, wash, clean等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗？ 某些与can’t, won’t等连用的不及物动词，如open, shut, move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door won’t shut. 这扇门关不上。 少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如print, cook, sell等。 The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。 考点三　主谓一致原则 1.语法一致原则 (1)动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。 [点拨]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。 (2)主语后跟with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和学生们都非常激动。 [点拨]　 a.and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 b.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。 c.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the missing have been found. 患病的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。 (4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Two thousand miles is a long distance. 两千英里是一段很长的距离。 2.意义一致原则 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The whole class were told to stay behind after school. 全班的学生被告知放学后留下。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books were written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 3.就近一致原则 (1)由or, either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 【解题指导】 【典例】　Later，Nelson (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work. 答案　was awarded　 解析：句意：后来纳尔逊被授予总统自由勋章，以表彰他的工作。句中的时间状语Later表明这里叙述的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时；Nelson与award为动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语为Nelson，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填was awarded。 单句语法填空（近五年高考真题） 1.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 3.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 4.（2024全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 答案：were 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 答案：were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 6.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 7.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 答案：be done 解析：考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 8.（2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 9.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 10.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 答案：has established 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 11．（2023天津3月卷改编）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________（cause）a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. 答案：has caused 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has caused。 12.（2023新课标II卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 13.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 答案：was amazed 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 14.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 答案：threw 解析：考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 15.（2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 答案：had arrived 解析：考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 16． （2023天津3月卷改编）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________(bring)a group for a birthday party. 答案：will be bringing 解析：考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故填will be bringing。 17.（2023天津6月卷改编）The wooden tower that _________ (restore)will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. 答案：is being restored 解析：考查时态语态。句意：正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放，工程即将完工。此句the wooden tower是先行词，做定语从句的主语，restore是定语从句的谓语动词，二者在逻辑上是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据后文the work is almost finished，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored。 18.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 答案：has increased 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 19.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 答案：be appreciated 解析:考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 20.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案：were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 21.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 答案：has walked 解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 22.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案：have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 23.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 24.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 答案：caught 解析：考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意，这是“A and B”型并列句。空白处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 25.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 26.（2022北京卷）Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 答案：has 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 27.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 答案：is designed 解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 28.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 29.（2021新课标I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 答案：was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 30.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 答案：was built 解析：句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 31.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 答案： has been 解析：考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 32.（2021新课标II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 33.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 答案：hired 解析：考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 34.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 35.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 36.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals_________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 答案：lived/had lived/had been living 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。 37.（2020新课标）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 答案：formed 解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 38.（2020新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 答案：are called 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 39.（2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 答案：touched 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 40.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 答案：be chosen 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$