专题10 阅读理解之说明文(苏州中考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年中考英语常考语法点+题型练习(中考真题+名校模拟真题)(江苏苏州专用)

专题10 阅读理解之说明文 (苏州中考真题+名校模拟) （2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023? A．8.38 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. D．8.29 million. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 3．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ______. A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support C．adding more charging points D．dealing with environmental problems 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. （2024·江苏苏州·中考真题） A recent TV series To the Wonder has become China’s breakout TV hit of the year. It has also won praise at a film festival abroad. To the Wonder is based on the award-winning novel of Li Juan, My Altay, and is directed by Teng Congcong. It is very poetic and filled with beautiful wisdom. The TV drama follows the journey of Li Wenxiu. She once wished to leave Altay, an area in Northern Xinjiang. After failing to realize her dream in the capital of Xinjiang, Li has to move back to her hometown and tries to find a new direction for herself. At first, Li finds it hard to understand her neighbours’ traditional way of thinking. Under the influence of her mother Zhang Fengxia, Li starts to see the place and its people in a new light. Later, she comes to understand their lifestyle and respect for nature. Fans describe watching the drama as an experience in the wonderland. “It’s like breathing in fresh air or lying under the sun,” said one fan. “It is a unique drama, very different from the usual Chinese series. A must-watch if you want to discover the beauty of the grassland and life there,” another fan said. “People enjoy the wonderful view of Altay. But the key to the success of the series lies in its ability to connect with the viewers on a human level,” said Teng Congcong. “In the drama, everyone communicates sincerely. Even if I disagree with you, I sincerely respect you. In fact, this is a very important part of human nature—the love for truth, goodness and beauty.” 5．To the Wonder is the name of ______. A．a foreign drama B．a famous film C．a TV series D．a beautiful poem 6．Why does Li Wenxiu come back to Altay? A．To look after her mother. B．To find herself a new direction. C．To help the local people. D．To enjoy its beautiful view. 7．The underlined word “unique” has the closest meaning to ______. A．serious B．common C．special D．strange 8．What is the key to the success of To the Wonder according to Director Teng? A．Its sincere respect for nature. B．The beautiful wisdom of the writer. C．The lifestyle of the local people. D．Its sincere connection with viewers. （2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early. Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time. Here are some other benefits of later school start times: More time for a healthy breakfast When running late in the mornings, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits. With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning. Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness. When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with. Better performance (表现) in study Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn. In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better. 9．According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up? A．Their low grades. B．Their empty stomachs. C．Their body’s sleep cycle. D．Their heavy homework. 10．How can sleep loss influence students’ study? A．It gives them much energy. B．It does harm to the brain. C．It saves more time for study. D．It improves their memory. 11．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain reasons for students’ stress. B．To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss. C．To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food. D．To introduce benefits of later school start times. 12．In which part of the website can you probably find this passage? A．Education. B．Fashion. C．Sports. D．Technology. （2023·江苏苏州·中考真题） Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years. To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常). These are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues (美德) around the world. The most important two are ren and li. Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated). While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors (祖先). While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the world around us. Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is important for a harmonious (和谐的) society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess. 13．Which are the most important of the Five Constants? A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Yi and zhi. 14．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 15．Which of the following is an example of li? A．Building a peaceful society. B．Taking care of one’s children. C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Learning all through one’s life. 16．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism? A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history. C．Its new challenges. D．Its golden rules. （2022·江苏苏州·中考真题）All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Tibet Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime. We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）from your window.    Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It’s truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records, including the world’s highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level, the world’s highest tunnel（隧道）at 4,905 metres, and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost（冻土）. As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing. But don’t be afraid. Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems. One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times. And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used in planes. Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools. Finally, the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生态环境）in China. Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature. All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Tibet is leaving in fifteen minutes. 17．Where are the passengers? A．On a bus. B．On a train. C．On a ship. D．On a plane. 18．How does the text show the railway is amazing in paragraph 3? A．By telling a story. B．By using a designer’s words. C．By introducing its world records. D．By comparing the present with the past. 19．How many oxygen systems are there in each rail car? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 20．Which of the following increased the difficulty of building the railway? A．The changing ground. B．The polluted air. C．The dangerous animals. D．The hot weather. （2024·江苏苏州·二模）Below is the information about tennis and badminton that Natalie found on a website. In the USA, tennis is a very popular racket sport. What you need for tennis are a racket for each player, a tennis ball and a tennis court. Tennis is played on a rectangle outdoor court. However, it can also be played indoors to avoid the sunshine or the rain. A tennis court is 78 feet long and 36 feet wide. There is a three-foot-tall net in the centre of the court. A racket is about 27-28 inches long and over 300 grams. Tennis serves (发球) are overhead and underhand. If you can’t do it well for the first, you will have a second chance. For people in the USA, badminton is a backyard (后院) activity more than a sport. The things you need to play badminton are a racket for each player, a single shuttlecock (羽毛球), a net and a badminton court. Just like tennis, it is also a racket sport on a rectangle court in an indoor gym. A badminton court is 44 feet long and 20 feet wide. The net in a badminton court is about 5 feet tall. A badminton racket is about 26-27 inches long and 90 grams. Badminton serves are underhand and below the waist (手腕). And if you hit the ball outside of the court or hit the net on the serve, you will lose the point. 21．On which website did Natalie most likely find the information? A． B． C． D． 22．The underlined word “racket” refers to ________. A．a loud noise that the audience make B．a tool that is used to hit the ball C．the way the sportsman hits the ball D．a person who decides the winner of a game 23．Which of the following does NOT show a correct serve? A． B． C． D． 24．The underlined sentence “For people in the USA, badminton is a backyard (后院) activity more than a sport,” suggests that ________. A．badminton is more popular than tennis in the USA B．fewer people enjoy playing badminton in the USA C．Americans like to have a badminton court in their backyards D．American badminton players usually train in their backyards （2024·江苏苏州·二模）The Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world. The total length of all the sections added together is more than 13,000 miles. Researchers have recently found that parts of the wall have been protected over time by something called a “biocrust”. This is a thin layer (层) of plant life, including moss, lichen and cyanobacteria (苔藓类植物). The Great Wall of China was built part by part over a period of around 2,000 years. The first parts were started around 220BC． Its purpose was to protect China from enemies coming from the north. The most famous parts of the wall were built from stone, but in some areas it was built using “rammed earth”. This is when soil and rocks are pressed together. Over time, wind and rain can easily wear down rammed earth, so scientists have often questioned how these old sections of the Great Wall have managed to survive for such a long time. A group of researchers from China Agricultural University in Beijing examined a 370-mile long wall and found that more than two thirds of it was covered in biocrust. The scientists took some samples of the biocrust back to their lab for testing and found that the natural material was actually stronger than the rammed earth. Some pieces of the plant-based layer were up to three times stronger. This means that the biocrust has actually strengthened the wall and protected it from being worn down by weather over the years. These findings could be important for people who manage ancient structures (结构) around the world. Although biocrust may not look attractive, its natural ability to protect things could be a very useful tool for experts looking for ways to protect important ancient buildings. 25．According to the passage, what is “rammed earth” made of? A．Stones and rocks. B．Stones and soil. C．Soil and rocks. D．Water and soil. 26．How can the “biocrust” protect the Great Wall? A．The layer of biocrust is very thick. B．The layer of biocrust is very strong. C．The layer of biocrust fights rain. D．The layer of biocrust covers the wall. 27．According to the passage, what will the researchers do next? A．Do more research on this biocrust. B．Do more research on the Great Wall. C．Use it to protect other ancient buildings. D．Manage ancient structures around the world. 28．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Researchers invent something useful. B．Nature protects the Great Wall. C．Researchers strengthen the Great Wall. D．The Great Wall won’t wear down. （2024·江苏苏州·二模）A new research has shown that almost half of teenagers across the UK feel addicted (上瘾的) to using social media. It was done by a team at the University of Cambridge England. They used data from the Millennium Cohort Study, also known as “Child of the New Century”. This is a project that is tracking (追踪) the lives of around 19,000 young people born between 2000 and 2002 in the UK. The study aims to learn about people’s lifestyles over a long time. When the young people in the study were between the ages of 16 and 18, they were asked about social media for the first time. A group of 7,022 were asked if they agreed of disagreed with the statement “I think I am addicted to social media”. The results showed that 48% either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement. More girls agreed with the statement than boys. Georgia Turner, who led the team studying the survey results, said that “feeling addicted” to something isn’t necessarily the same as actually “being addicted”. However, she added that it’s not very nice to feel like you don’t have control over your behaviour. “It’s quite striking that so many people feel like that,” said Turner. Researchers think the study is important to help understand young people’s behaviour when they are using social media. The information could be used to find ways to help young people develop a healthier relationship with social media and spend less time using it. 29．How many teenagers thought they were addicted to using social media in the research group? A．7022. B．3511. C．3370. D．1899. 30．What does the underlined word “striking” means in Paragraph 3? A．Exciting. B．Surprising. C．Amazing. D．Frightening. 31．What is the purpose of the research in the article? A．To change teenagers’ lifestyles over a long time. B．To teach teenagers to use social media properly. C．To ask teenagers not to spend less time on social media. D．To learn about teenagers’ lifestyles over a long time. 32．Which statement below will Georgia Turner agree with? A．Teenagers “feeling addicted” may not be addicted. B．Teenagers “feeling addicted” are actually addicted. C．It’s nice to feel like “losing control over yourself”. D．The research can help teenagers stop using social media. （2024·江苏苏州·二模）Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream! While this thing will never really happen, a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed. Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes. Three groups of plants were listened to: One group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off, and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Lilach Hadany from the team told CNN. The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made, but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication. Although there’s no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate, animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus. After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦), corm and grapevine, and found they also made more sounds when stressed. Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future, as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel. 33．What is the finding of the study by researchers from Tel Aviv University? A．Plants often feel stressed. B．Some plants can scream. C．Plants can make sounds when stressed. D．Plants can communicate with each other. 34．Which one of the following groups can replace (代替) group two? A．A group that is fully-grown. B．A group which has its fruits picked. C．A group that is taken good care of. D．A group that has suitable temperature. 35．What does “active communication” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Plants make sounds intentionally. B．Air bubbles in the plants can break. C．Plants receive messages from animals. D．Plants make noise in a high frequency. 36．What might be the benefits of the finding? A．It can help farmers predict weather. B．It will help protect the environment. C．It helps farmers decide what to plant. D．It may help improve the production of crops. （2024·江苏苏州·二模）Every winter, Siberian cranes migrate (迁徙) from northeast Siberia in Russia to Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province, China. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season there. However, climate change has endangered the birds’ homes. “In some years, the Poyang Lake experiences floods, while in others, it experiences droughts (干旱). Both of these create food shortages (短缺) in the cranes’ living space,” Qian Fawen, a researcher from the National Bird Banding Center of China, told China Daily. To help deal with the problem, the local government has built 70 hectares (公顷) of lotus roots (莲藕) in Nanchang to provide food during the winter for the cranes. The birds’ population has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years, according to Qian. Over the years, China has worked hard to protect migratory birds (候鸟) and wetlands. Wetlands play a key role in cleaning water, preventing floods, and helping with biodiversity (生物多样性). The Wetlands Protection Law was introduced on June 1, 2022. It stops building work on important national wetlands and bans (禁止) activities such as overgrazing (过度放牧) and giving out wastewater. Thanks to these efforts, China has reported more birds wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, black-faced spoonbills, a kind of endangered birds, were seen wintering at Dongting Lake after disappearing for five years. Last December, Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve recorded more than 2,900 tundra swans up from some 1,000 seen during the winter of 2021. 37．The bird population is rising in Nanchang because ________. A．bad weather hasn’t hit the city B．the city offers more food for birds C．the city becomes warmer and warmer D．climate change doesn’t affect the place 38．What is the main role wetlands play? A．Saving endangered animals. B．Providing homes for migratory birds. C．Looking after water and biodiversity. D．Avoiding overgrazing and water pollution. 39．What do the examples in Paragraph 5 show? A．New birds come to China for winter. B．Migratory birds add biodiversity to China. C．China has completed its wetlands protection. D．China’s environmental protection is successful. 40．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． （2024·江苏苏州·二模） If you step into a bookstore, you might notice shelves labeled (标记为) “self-help” that are filled with rows of books. Self-help books are typically written by famous people and psychologists (心理学家). They teach you how to deal with problems in your life—for example, how to get along with your classmates or coworkers, how to manage your time well and how to find happiness. Paul Sweetman, the owner of City Books in the UK, said the current political climate (政治环境) might be one reason why more people are reading self-help books. During the past few years, the  world has seen terrorist attacks (恐怖袭击), trade wars and woman’s rights movements (女权运动), such as MeToo. “People come into the shop and they’re really tired about things. They’re looking for reassurances (慰藉) and peace of mind,” Sweetman told The Guardian. In addition, younger readers-such as millennials, or people born after the 1980s-tend to be more aware of their own faults, according to US psychologist Caroline Beaton. This means they’re more likely to try to improve themselves by reading self-help books. Self-help books used to be something people laughed at. Many people didn’t take “chicken soup” stories or “success theory (成功学)” books seriously. But now they’re more respected and “as good to read as any novel,” Sweetman said. Whatever the reason for the growing interest in self-help books, it’s good to know that help is at hand if we need it. But are these books truly helpful? Read one and find out. 41．”Self-help” books might help readers with ________. A．how to lose weight B．how to decorate houses C．how to deal with bad moods D．how to do business 42．Why do people need self-help books according to Sweetman? A．Because they can’t make decisions. B．Because no others can help them. C．Because they suffer from illness. D．Because they live stressful lives. 43．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．Few people like self-help books now. B．Self-help books used to be seen as useless. C．People doubt whether self-help books can really help them or not. D．People think self-help books are as interesting as novels. 44．The passage is mainly about ________. A．how people live under pressure B．what people expect from reading C．how to help ourselves and others D．how self-help books made a comeback 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国在电动汽车行业的发展以及面临的机遇和挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).”可知，2023年中国制造的电动汽车销量为949万辆，其中包括出口120万辆，故在国内销售了829万辆。故选D。 2．段落大意题。根据“At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show”可知，2004年的汽车展上只有一家展示电动汽车的品牌，但是到了2024年有了多家品牌，文章第二段的内容表明了中国电车行业的发展。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks”可知，没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险，故可知电动汽车制造商可以通过提高创新能力来降低风险。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据最后一段“EVs are the way of the future…It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”可知，作者认为电动汽车行业大有可为，且中国在未来会居于领先地位，故可知作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来是充满希望的。故选B。 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一部电视剧《我的阿勒泰》的故事梗概及粉丝对其的评价和这部剧成功的原因。 5．细节理解题。根据“A recent TV series To the Wonder has become China’s breakout TV hit of the year.”可知，它是一部电视连续剧。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“Li has to move back to her hometown and tries to find a new direction for herself.”可知，她回到阿勒泰是为了试图给自己找个新方向。故选B。 7．词义猜测题。根据“very different from the usual Chinese series”可知，这部剧与通常的电视剧非常不同，因此它是独特的，故划线单词表示“独特的”，用special近义。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“But the key to the success of the series lies in its ability to connect with the viewers on a human level,”可知，这部电视剧成功的关键在于它能够在人类的层面上与观众建立联系。故选D。 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。 9．细节理解题。根据“However, in adolescence changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early.”可知青少年身体睡眠周期的变化是他们难以入睡。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据“Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades.”可知睡眠不足会影响大脑发育。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据“In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better.”可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。故选D。 12．推理判断题。通读全文可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处，是关于学生教育的，最有可能在“教育网站”看到这篇文章。故选A。 13．B 14．C 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德。 13．细节理解题。根据“The most important two are ren and li.”可知最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。 14．词句猜测题。根据“It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated)”可知，划线句子“What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”和“按照你希望被对待的方式对待他人”意义相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据“ discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors ”可知关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何缅怀祖先。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德。故选A。 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一——青藏铁路。 17．细节理解题。根据“We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China”可知，乘客现在在火车站，故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据“When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records”以及“The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First..., Second,...Finally...”可知，第三段是通过介绍它的世界纪录来展示它的惊人之处的，故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据“Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems”可知，每节车厢都有两个独立的氧气系统，故选B。 20．细节理解题。根据“Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools.”可知，冻土层会随着天气变冷或变热发生改变，因此增加了建设铁路的难度。故选A。 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了关于网球和羽毛球运动的相关内容，包括其场地要求、球拍规格和发球动作等。 21．推理判断题。根据“Below is the information about tennis and badminton that Natalie found on a website.”可知，所找的信息是关于网球和羽毛球运动的，所以最可能在“体育世界Sports World”的网址上看到，故选D。 22．词义猜测题。根据“In the USA, tennis is a very popular racket sport. What you need for tennis are a racket for each player, a tennis ball and a tennis court.”可知，网球运动需要球拍，网球和场地，所以划线单词是“球拍”，也就是“用来击球的工具”，故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“Tennis serves (发球) are overhead and underhand.”和“Badminton serves are underhand and below the waist (手腕).”可知，网球发球是头顶发球和下手球；羽毛球的发球是用手在腰部以下。A项羽毛球的发球姿势是错误的，故选A。 24．词句猜测题。根据“For people in the USA, badminton is a backyard activity more than a sport.”可知，对美国人来说，羽毛球与其说是一项运动，不如说是后院活动，C选项“美国人喜欢在后院拥有一个羽毛球场”符合原文。故选C。 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国长城的构成以及生物膜对长城的保护作用。 25．细节理解题。根据“but in some areas it was built using ‘rammed earth’. This is when soil and rocks are pressed together.”可知，“夯土”是土壤和岩石被压在一起的时候形成的。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“This means that the biocrust has actually strengthened the wall and protected it from being worn down by weather over the years.”可知，这层生物锈非常牢固，保护了城墙。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据细读最后一段可推知，研究人员下一步可能会做更多的研究关于biocrust，寻找保护古建筑的方法。故选A。 28．最佳标题题。根据通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了自然界生物保护长城。故选B。 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了英国剑桥大学的一个研究小组进行了一项新的研究，该研究显示，英国几乎一半的青少年对使用社交媒体上瘾。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A group of 7,022 were asked if they agreed of disagreed with the statement ‘I think I am addicted to social media’. The results showed that 48% either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement.”可知，7022人被问及是否同意“我认为我沉迷于社交媒体”的说法，结果显示，48%的人赞同或强烈赞同这一说法；所以在研究小组中，青少年认为自己沉迷于使用社交媒体的人数为：7022×48%=3370.56。故选C。 30．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Georgia Turner, who led the team studying the survey results, said that ‘feeling addicted’ to something isn’t necessarily the same as actually ‘being addicted’. However, she added that it’s not very nice to feel like you don’t have control over your behaviour.”可知，此处指如此多的人对社交媒体上瘾是令人震惊的，可推断出“striking”意为“令人震惊的”，与“Surprising”意思相近。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is a project that is tracking the lives of around 19,000 young people born between 2000 and 2002 in the UK. The study aims to learn about people’s lifestyles over a long time.”可知，这项研究旨在了解青少年长期以来的生活方式。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Georgia Turner, who led the team studying the survey results, said that ‘feeling addicted’ to something isn’t necessarily the same as actually ‘being addicted’.”可知，乔治亚·特纳表示，对某件事“上瘾”并不一定与实际“上瘾”相同；可推测出乔治亚·特纳会同意“‘感觉上瘾’的青少年可能不会上瘾”这种说法。故选A。 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．D 【导语】本文介绍以色列Tel Aviv大学的研究人员对植物的研究成果。研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，这项研究有助于农民更好地照顾作物。 33．细节理解题。根据“a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed”和第二段“Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel did the study.”可知，以色列Tel Aviv大学的研究人员对植物在受到压力时会发出声音进行了研究。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据“another group had the stems cut off”可知，研究中第二组植物的整体遭到了破坏；选项B“果实被采摘”也属于植物的整体遭到破坏。故选B。 35．词义猜测题。根据“This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional”可知，根据or在否定句中表举例并列，此处指“植物不是故意发出声音，不是主动交流的”。选项A“植物是故意发出声音的。”符合，故选A。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future, as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知，研究人员说这项研究可以让农民在未来受益，他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，从而提高产量。故选D。 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤每年冬天从俄罗斯的西伯利亚东北部迁徙到中国江西省的鄱阳湖过冬，但气候变化危及了鸟类的栖息地。中国做出了一系列的努力，在中国湿地越冬的鸟类越来越多。 37．细节理解题。根据“To help deal with the problem, the local government has built 70 hectares (公顷) of lotus roots (莲藕) in Nanchang to provide food during the winter for the cranes. The birds’ population has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years, according to Qian.”可知，南昌的鸟类数量上升的原因是这个城市为鸟类提供了更多的食物。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据“Wetlands play a key role in cleaning water, preventing floods, and helping with biodiversity (生物多样性).”可知，湿地在清洁水源、防止洪水和促进生物多样性方面发挥着关键作用。故选C。 39． 推理判断题。根据“Thanks to these efforts, China has reported more birds wintering in the nation’s wetlands.”以及通读第五段可知，在中国湿地越冬的鸟类越来越多，故可推知，中国所做出的环境保护工作是成功的。故选D。 40．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一、二段主要介绍了鸟类栖息地存在的问题；第三段主要介绍了解决问题的办法；第四段主要介绍了保护候鸟和湿地的办法；最后一段在总结全文。选项A所示的结构符合。故选A。 41．C 42．D 43．B 44．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了自助书籍的流行趋势以及流行的原因。 41．推理判断题。根据“They teach you how to deal with problems in your life---for example, how to get along with your classmates or coworkers, how to manage your time well and how to find happiness.”可推知“自助”类书籍可能会帮助读者如何处理坏情绪。故选C。 42．推理判断题。根据“People come into the shop and they’re really tired about things. They’re looking for reassurances (慰藉) and peace of mind”可推知，人们需要自助书籍，是因为他们过着紧张的生活。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据“Self-help books used to be something people laughed at. Many people didn’t take “chicken soup” stories or “success theory (成功学)” books seriously.”可知，自助类书籍过去不太受欢迎。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。根据“Whatever the reason for the growing interest in self-help books, it’s good to know that help is at hand if we need it. But are these books truly helpful?”可知，本文主要是关于自助书籍是如何卷土重来的。故选D。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$