内容正文:
Unit 3 The Earth
课时3 语法
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目 录
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课时精讲
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课时过关
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课时精讲
可数和不可数名词。
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西; 因此它有复数形式; 不可数名词不能以数目来计算,一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式。
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课时3 语法
【解析1】怎么区分可数名词和不可数名词
【讲解1】可数名词
可数名词有单、复数之分。一般来说,表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等一般都是可数的; 能与不定冠词a, an连用。如:a boy 一个男孩; a desk 一张课桌; a film 一部电影; a story一个故事; a song 一支歌; an apple 一个苹果; 我们可以在可数名词前用some, many, a lot of, a few等词或词组表示数量的多少。如:some books, many trees, a few boys等。
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【讲解2】不可数名词
不可数名词,通常只有一种形式,没有单复数的变化, 所以不能和a/an 连用。如:water水, air空气, music音乐, tea茶, meat肉, milk牛奶, rice米饭; 我们可以在不可数名词前用some, much, a lot of, a little等词或词组表示数量的多少。如:some milk, some juice, some bread, a little water, much meat等。
【讲解3】不可数名词可以和量词连用。如:a bottle of water 一瓶水; a piece of paper 一张纸
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【解析2】怎样变名词复数
在英语里面,名词分为可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun),不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用; 可数名词有单复数之分,单数可数名词的前面要用a或an。
如: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card; 而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:
(1)特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记。
child→children, man→men, foot→feet, woman→women
tooth→teeth, sheep→sheep, deer→deer
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(2)一般的词在单数词后直接加“-s”。
book→books, pen→pens, car→cars, map→maps, cartoon→cartoons
(3)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加“-es”。
box→boxes, watch→watches
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“-es”。
(5)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”,再加“-es”。
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family→families comedy→comedies
knife→knives wife→wives handkerchief→handkerchieves
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课时3 语法
there be句型。
(1)there be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时).”其中there是引导词,没有词义; 主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
there be放句首,主语跟在后。地点、时间放句末,强调置前头。如:
There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。
有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
On the desk there is a book. 桌子上有一本书。
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(2)there be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:
be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“there be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house. 房子后面有一棵树。
②There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
③There are some pears in the box. 箱子里有一些梨。
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(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. 地板上有一本书和一些钢笔。
②There are some pens and a book on the floor. 地板上有一些钢笔和一本书。
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【拓展】注意:若某人有……,应用havegot/have或has got/has表达。如:
They have got/have many friends. 他们有很多朋友。 She has got/has a nice
bike. 她有一辆漂亮的自行车。
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用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1.How many _______(sheep)are there on the hill?
2.There is some ______(food)in the basket.
3.The baby has only two _______(tooth)now.
4.There is a lot of _______(water)in the bottle.
5.There are five ________(people )in his family.
6.I have lots of __________(tomato)here.
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sheep
food
teeth
water
people
tomatoes
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7.The ________(leaf)on the tree turn yellow.
8.The __________(child)are playing games on the playground now.
9.Their ______________(dictionary)look very new.
10.Can you give me some bottles of ________(orange), please?
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leaves
children
dictionaries
orange
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用be动词的正确形式填空。
1.There _____ two boxes of toys in the room.
2.Water ____ very important in our daily life.
3.What _____ those?
4.They _____ going to have lunch together.
5.I ____ studying English now.
6.There ____ a blackboard on the wall.
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are
is
are
are
am
is
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7._____ there any water in the cup?
8.There ____ a glass of milk and two eggs on the table.
9.There _____ three pieces of chocolate in the box.
10.There _____ some sheep on the hill.
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Is
is
are
are
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语法填空
Starting from September, the pandas are not the world's“endangered(濒危的)1._________(animal)”.
There 2.______ (be)1,850 pandas in the wild in China now. In 2003, the number was 1,600.
China sets up reserves(保护区)and plants a lot of bamboo 3.__________(forest). Now, about two thirds of pandas are living 4. ______ the 67 panda reserves.
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animals
are
forests
in
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Baby pandas are only 15 cm long-they’re as small as 5. ___ pencil! They are also blind(盲的)and open 6.________(they)eyes six to eight weeks after birth. So researchers need 7.______take really good care of them in labs(实验室).
But there 8.____(be)still bad news.
Our planet is 9.__________(get)warmer. It's going to get too hot for the bamboo to grow. Scientists say more than a third of bamboo forests could go away within 80 years. It's still dangerous 10._______ pandas.
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a
their
to
is
getting
for
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本节内容到此结束!
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Unit 3 The Earth
课时3 语法
【课时过关】
一、1.sheep 2.food 3.teeth
4.water 5.people 6.tomatoes
7.leaves 8.children 9.dictionaries
10.orange
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二、1.are 2.is 3.are
4.are 5.am 6.is
7.Is 8.is 9.are
10.are
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【能力提升】
1.animals 2.are 3.forests
4.in 5.a 6.their
7.to 8.is 9.getting
10.for
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课时3 语法
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本节内容到此结束!
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