2024年新课标II卷长难句精析

2024年新课标II卷长难句精析 四选一阅读A篇 · The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. （31词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 该句为简单句，主干“The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity”为主系表结构；“for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker...”为介词短语作后置定语修饰opportunity，说明其具体是什么内容，其中不定式短语“to enjoy...”的逻辑主语是前面的名词短语“the beginner, experienced or advanced walker”，连词or连接两个名词短语作不定式结构中enjoy的宾语，表选择。 参考译文 卡洛秋季徒步节为初学者、有经验者或高级徒步者提供了一个绝佳的机会，让他们享受卡洛山地徒步旅行的挑战或林地散步的宁静。 语言积累 beginner n. 初学者 experienced adj. 有经验的 advanced adj. 高级的 · This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. （22词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 本句主干为“This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills”；“required for hillwalking”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰skills；“to ensure you get the most from future walking trips”为不定式结构作目的状语，其中“you get the most from future walking trips”为省略了从属连词that的宾语从句作ensure的宾语。 参考译文 通过这次山地徒步旅行，您可以深入了解山地徒步旅行所需的技能，确保在今后的徒步旅行中取得最大收获。 语言积累 insight n. 洞察力 hillwalking n. 丘陵地带的徒步旅行者 provide an insight into sth. 提供对某事的见解 四选一阅读B篇 · You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story. （28词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 该句为and连接的并列句，均是主谓宾结构；其中第二、第三个子句中分别嵌套一个限制性定语从句“that is lit up”修饰先行词kiosk、一个宾语从句“you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story”作tells的宾语，从属连词that已被省略。 参考译文 进入检票口，你会看到一个亮着灯的报刊亭，上面告诉你可以获得一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。 语言积累 kiosk n. 小亭，报刊亭 fare gate 检票口 light up 点亮，照亮 · We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. （22词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句为“We wanted to do something”；where引导同位语从句，作抽象名词“something”的同位语，解释说明“这件事情”具体是什么，即号召湾区艺术家......；“to submit stories for a contest”是不定式短语作目的状语。 参考译文 我们想做一件事，号召湾区的艺术家们为比赛提交故事。 语言积累 call n. 呼吁，请求 submit v. 提交 do a call to sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事 四选一阅读C篇 · Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. （21词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主干“having a system in the same building means zero emissions”为主谓宾结构，动名词短语作主语；“it’ s eaten”为关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词building，在从句作地点状语；“from transporting plants from soil to salad”为介词短语作宾补，补充说明在哪一方面实现零排放，且介词短语“from soil to salad”作后置定语修饰plants；句首“Moreover”为连接性副词作状语。 参考译文 此外，在食用植物的同一建筑内建立系统，意味着植物从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中零排放。 语言积累 emission n. 排放 (~ from) zero emission 零排放 · In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. （18词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干为“there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals”；“that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“pesticides and other chemicals”；句首介词短语“In addition”为连接性副词作状语。 参考译文 此外，无需使用杀虫剂和其他化学品，这些化学品会污染传统农场和周围环境。 语言积累 pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药 chemical n. 化学品 surrounding adj. 周围的 · Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. （17词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句为主谓宾结构的简单句，主干为“they encourage recycling and waste reduction”；“by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic”为介词短语作方式状语；“Inside the office”为介词短语作地点状语。 参考译文 在办公室内，他们鼓励回收和减少废物，限制使用垃圾桶，避免使用一次性塑料。 语言积累 recycling n. 回收利用 waste n. 废物 single-use adj. 一次性的 can n. （装液体、垃圾等带盖的）金属容器，塑料容器；罐 garbage can 垃圾桶 四选一阅读D篇 · Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. （38词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为and连接的并列复杂句，第一个子句为主谓宾结构，主干为“we all need to take action”，“to deal with our AI-powered future”为不定式短语作目的状语；第二个子句为主系表结构，主干为“this is...”，“where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in”为连接副词where引导的表语从句，在从句中作地点状语；“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives”为介词短语作原因状语，“to transform our lives”为不定式短语作后置定语。 参考译文 鉴于人工智能具有改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来：《人工智能设计：与人工智能共存的计划》正是为此而生。 语言积累 given prep. 考虑到 potential n. 潜力 transform v. 使改变 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 deal with 处理，应对 · This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). （20词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为简单句，主干“This absorbing new book is a practical roadmap”为主系表结构；“by Catriona Campbell”为介词短语作后置定语修饰new book；“addressing the challenges”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰roadmap；“posed by the forthcoming AI revolution”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰challenges。 参考译文 卡特里娜-坎贝尔（Catriona Campbell）的这本新书引人入胜，是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战的实用路线图。 语言积累 absorbing adj. 引人入胜的 roadmap n. 路标，计划，策略 address v. 处理，设法解决 forthcoming adj. 即将发生的 revolution n. 变革 · In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. （36词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为but连接的并列句，第一个子句主干“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code”为主系表结构，“that powers AI”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词computer code；第二个子句主干“Campbell has professional experience”为主谓宾结构，“more than two decades’ ”为副词短语作前置定语修饰experience，“translating the heady into the understandable”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰experience；“In the wrong hands”为介词短语作条件状语；副词“thankfully”作插入语。 参考译文 如果处理不当，这本书可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。 语言积累 prove v. 证实，证明 complicated adj. 复杂的 process v. 处理 code n. 代码 power v. 驱动 heady adj. 令人头晕的 · She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. （39词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为复杂句，主句主干为“She writes ...”，“from the practical angle of a business person”为介词短语作方式状语，“rather than as an academic”为介词短语作比较状语，an academic与a business person作对比；“making for a guide”为现在分词短语作结果状语；先行词a guide后跟有and并列的两个均是由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句“which is highly accessible and informative”和“which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI”，第二个定从中，“by the close”为介词短语作插入语。 参考译文 她从商业人士而非学者的实际角度出发，使这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 语言积累 academic n. 学者 accessible adj. 可使用的 informative adj. 增长见闻的 from the angle of 从......的角度 by the close 结束时，最后 · As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. （30词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“AI is already super-smart and will become more capable”为主系表结构，and并列两个谓语动词；“As we soon come to learn from AI by Design”为连词as引导的时间状语从句；“moving from the current generation of ‘narrow-AI’ to Artificial General Intelligence”为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 参考译文 我们很快就会从 《人工智能设计》中了解到，人工智能已经超级聪明，而且能力会越来越强，从目前的“狭义人工智能”发展到“人工通用智能”。 语言积累 capable adj. 有能力的 narrow adj. 狭窄的，有限的 · This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. （25词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句在主从复合句，主句主干“This is why...”为主系表结构；“Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now”为连接副词why引导的表语从句；破折号后面句子“several decades before these developments are expected to take place”为插入语，对前面内容进行补充说明，连词before引导时间状语从句。 参考译文 这就是坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识的原因——这比预期的发展时间早了几十年。 语言积累 set out to do sth. 着手做某事，开始或计划去做某事 raise awareness of sth. 提高对某物的认识 · She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. （20词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“She says...”为主谓宾结构；“it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse”为省略了从属连词that的宾语从句作says的宾语；宾语从句中嵌套了从属连词that引导的主语从句“we keep control of artificial intelligence”，it为形式主语，主语从句谓语动词使用了虚拟语气并省略了should；连词or表示一种否定的条件。 参考译文 她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有可能被边缘化，甚至更糟。 语言积累 essential adj. 必不可少的，非常重要的 keep control of sth. 控制某事物 risk doing sth. 做某事有风险 be sidelined 被边缘化，使靠边 · Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. （28词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Campbell’s point is to wake up those”为主系表结构，不定式短语作表语，those作wake up的宾语，“responsible for AI”为形容词短语作后置定语修饰those；第一个破折号后的名词短语“the technology companies and world leaders”作插入语，补充说明those具体是哪些群体；第二个破折号后句子为从属连词so引导的结果状语从句，“currently developing it”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰experts。 参考译文 坎贝尔的观点是唤醒人工智能的负责人——技术公司和世界领袖——这样他们就能与目前所有开发人工智能的专家站在同一起跑线上。 语言积累 responsible adj. 负责的 expert n. 专家 on the same page 意见一致，达成共识 · Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. （17词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为简单句，主干“Such structured thinking will enable us to achieve greatness”为主谓宾补结构，“rather than our downfall”为介词短语作比较状语，与greatness作对比，“followed by global regulation”为过去分词短语作插入语。 参考译文 这种有条理的思维，再加上全球监管，将使我们能够实现伟大的成就，而不是走向衰落。 语言积累 structured adj. 有组织的，有条理的 regulation n. 管控，规则 greatness n. 伟大(功绩/成就) downfall n. 衰败，垮台 structured thinking 结构化思维 七选五阅读 · Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. （31词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为but连接的并列句；第一个子句中含and并列的四个谓语动词“promotes”“expands”“makes”和“boosts”，“better people”为名词短语作宾语补足语；第二个子句中“in certain regions and destinations”为介词短语作地点状语。 参考译文 旅行可以增进了解，拓展思维，使我们成为更好的人，并促进当地经济和社区的发展，但旅行的快速增长导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。 语言积累 promote v. 促进，增进 boost v. 使增长，推动 overtourism n. 过度旅游 expand one’s minds 拓宽眼界，开阔某人的思维 the rapid growth of sth. 某事物的快速增长 · Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. （20词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Here are some tips”为主系表结构；“on making wise decisions”为介词短语作后置定语修饰tips；“to minimize pressure on the places and improve our experience”为and并列的不定式短语作目的状语；“we visit”为省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句修饰先行词places。 参考译文 以下是一些关于如何做出明智决定的小贴士，这些决定可以最大限度地减少我们对所到之地的压力，并改善我们的体验。 语言积累 minimize v. 使最小化 make wise decisions 做出明智决定 · Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. （22词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干为“it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots”；“overtourism is described as a problem”为连词though引导的让步状语从句，“affecting the entire world”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰problem。 参考译文 虽然过度旅游被描述为影响全世界的一个问题，但它实际上只集中在少数极受欢迎的景点。 语言积累 spot n. 景点 be described as 被描述为 be concentrated to 集中于 完形填空 · I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner. （21词，完形填空） 结构精析 该句为but连接的并列句；第一个子句为主谓宾状结构；第二个子句中含有连词when引导的时间状语从句，“to settle”为不定式结构作后置定语修饰spot，主干为主系表结构。 参考译文 我喜欢在法国旅行，但在挑选我最喜欢的定居地时，意大利是当之无愧的赢家。 语言积累 settle v. 定居 when it comes to (doing) sth. 当谈到(做)某事时 · Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. （23词，完形填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“the problems are forgotten”为主谓结构；“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have”为whatever引导的让步状语从句，作定语修饰disadvantages；“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”为once引导的条件状语从句。 参考译文 无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，只要您坐下来与亲朋好友大吃一顿，这些问题都会被忘得一干二净。 语言积累 disadvantage n. 缺点，劣势 sit down to a big meal 坐下来吃一顿大餐 语法填空 · Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. （23词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Chinese cultural elements add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon”为主谓双宾结构；“commemorating Tang Xianzu”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰elements；“who is known as ‘the Shakespeare of Asia’ ”为关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Tang Xianzu；“William Shakespeare’s hometown”为名词短语作Stratford-upon-Avon的同位语。 参考译文 有“亚洲莎士比亚”之称的纪念汤显祖的中国文化元素，为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔斯特拉特福镇增添了一抹国际化色彩。 语言积累 element n. 元素 commemorate v. 纪念 · Although they could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. （24词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“said Paul Edmondson”为倒装结构，“Although they could never have met, there are common themes in their works”为所引述内容，其中“they could never have met”为although引导的让步状语从句，“there are common themes in their works”为存在句句型；“head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust”为Paul Edmondson的同位语，补充说明其身份。 参考译文 莎士比亚出生地信托基金会研究负责人保罗-埃德蒙森说，虽然他们不可能相识，但他们的作品却有共同的主题。 语言积累 common adj. 共同的，常见的 theme n. 主题 · Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. （24词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为简单句，主干“a six-meter-tall pavilion was built at the Firs Garden”为主谓状结构；“Two years later”为名词短语作时间状语；“inspired by The Peony Pavilion”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰pavilion；“just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace”为名词短语作插入语，补充其位置信息。 参考译文 两年后，受《牡丹亭》的启发，在距离莎士比亚出生地仅十分钟步行路程的菲尔斯花园建造了一座六米高的亭子。 语言积累 pavilion n. 亭子 be inspired by 受......启发 · Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. （30词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“said Edmondson”为倒装结构，“Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility”为所引述内容；“adding that...”为现在分词结构作伴随状语，从属连词that引导宾语从句；宾从中主干“visitors were often amazed”为主系表结构，“walking through the Birthplace Garden”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰visitors，“to find the connection”为不定式短语作原因状语，“between the two great writers”为介词短语作后置定语修饰connection。 参考译文 埃德蒙德森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度，他还补充说，漫步出生地花园的游客经常会惊奇地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。 语言积累 visibility n. 知名度 add v. 补充说，继续说 walk through 步行穿过，漫步 be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 · Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” （51词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Edmondson said, ‘It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.’ ”为主谓宾结构，直接引语中it为形式主语，真正主语为and并列的不定式短语“to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed”，第二个不定式结构省略了不定式符号to，且how引导宾语从句；“Recalling watching a Chinese opera version ... and meeting Chinese actors...”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，and并列两个动名词短语“watching..”“meeting...”作recalling的宾语，“of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai”为介词短语作后置定语，“came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion”为关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chinese actors，在从句中作主语，“a few years ago”为名词短语作时间状语，“to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion”为不定式短语作目的状语。 参考译文 埃德蒙森回忆起几年前在上海观看中国戏曲版莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》，以及与来斯特拉特福演出《牡丹亭》部分内容的中国演员见面的情景，他说：“听到中文，看到唐诗宋词是如何被演绎出来的，非常令人激动。” 语言积累 recall v. 回想起，记起 version n. 版本 recall doing sth. 记得做过某事 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$