训练(2) Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility-2024年高二英语暑假作业（江苏专版）

训练(二)　Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility Ⅰ.标记熟悉单词，回查陌生单词 □barely adv.　　　　□appointment n. □diamond n. □reliable adj. □worthwhile adj. □collar n. □bless vt. □inch n. □outline vt.&n. □suspect vt.&vi.&n. □arrest n．&vt. □wire vt.&n. □criminal n .&adj. □anyhow adv. □innocent adj&n. □legal adj. □principle n. □decent adj. □geophysicist n. □core adj.&n. □socialist adj.&n. □resign vt. □substantial adj. □mineral n. □superb adj. □photographer n. □guilty adj. □sew vi.&vt. Ⅱ.典题展示 假定你是高二学生李华，你校英文报正在举行“ New Term , New Look ”的征文活动，请你以“诚信考试”为题投稿，内容包括： 1．诚信考试的重要性； 2．你的期待。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Take Exams Honestly ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [佳作品读] Take Exams Honestly Nowadays many students care too much about high grades, resulting in growing inappropriate behaviors in exams.As far as I am concerned, taking exams with integrity is necessary. Honesty is considered as one of important Chinese traditional virtues.As a student, we should avoid cheating in every exam, which is a right way to demonstrate our integrity.In other words, the process of learning is more meaningful than getting a seemingly perfect but unreal result. All in all, it is high time that we should value honesty. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．With your ________ (祝福), I will certainly make great achievements in my career. 2．We ________ (概述) our main objections to the proposal. 3．I don't agree with her, but I admire her for sticking to her ________ (原则)． 4．People dressed themselves __________ (得体)and flocked to the square for the celebration. 5．The ________ (核心的)work of innovators is “creating future by logical designing”． 6．Because of the drought, the people in this area are threatened by/with the poor ________ (收成)． 7．The ________ (矿物质) in the water made it unpleasant to drink. 8．The temperature in this period changes greatly; people, who were ________ (裹)in winter clothes only last week, dress for summer today. 9．She eagerly opened the ________ (包裹), curious to see what was in it. 10．We all got out our own ________ (做针线活) and sat in front of the log fire. Ⅱ.短语填空 live a lie；(be) responsible for；in store；make one's fortune；lose contact with; make a difference；have...pulled；at the mercy of; for the greater good；on the beat 1．I really dislike my job but I have to pretend to enjoy it, what I hate even more is having to ________． 2．We intend to increase the number of policemen ________． 3．To a certain extent, we are all ________what happened last night. 4．I got in touch with Michael whom I have been ________ for one year. 5．Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is what ________． 6．Jimmy figured that the West was the only place on earth where he could ________． 7．I have made an appointment with my dentist to ________ my tooth ________ out this afternoon. 8．Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own while others feel that they are ________ of others. 9．Victims want to see justice done not just for themselves, but ________ of society. 10．We all believe it virtually impossible to know what the future has ________ for us. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．在我们教室的后墙上挂着一只大钟， 看起来非常古老。 ________________________________， which looks very old. 2．你认为与别人相处对他来说困难吗？ Do you think ______________________？ 3．这是一个新任务，所以没有必要给你自己压力。 It's a new task, so __________________． 4．我认为你从事这样的工作是愚蠢的。 I do think ________________________ such a job. 5．在我们的业余时间和老师一起踢足球很有趣。 ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.阅读理解 I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem.It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves.Sometimes it's just an invented excuse when you're late for something or a pretence that you like someone you don't.These white lies don't usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations.They certainly are embarrassing if exposed，but on the whole, they're easily forgiven. What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than this.I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth.People who have doubts about their own self­esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless.In other words, they create a false picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them.And as you say, that causes problems—since they have to keep living up to that image.At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already told.According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self­worth. I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself.Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up.Wait a week and then try again.Once you have achieved three separate lie­free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week.Don't make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will— it's too much to take on at once.Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets.After a while, you'll wonder why you ever had the problem at all. 1．This passage is a reply to someone who ____． A．keeps a habit of lying for vain reasons B．works hard to meet others' expectations C．thinks too highly of himself D．doesn't know how to make realistic plans 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．White lies often cause embarrassment and cannot be overlooked. B．It's important for women to have an adequate sense of self­worth. C．Goals are hard to achieve without constant small treats. D．One should stick to his promise regardless of any difficulty. 3．In the last paragraph the writer implies that ________． A．you will solve the problem with patience and a strong will B．you must be hard on yourself to accomplish something C．your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promises D．you must set different targets at different stages of your life Ⅱ.七选五 If you've ever wondered how often you should shampoo(用洗发水洗) your hair, you're not alone.__1__ While many people prefer to wash their hair daily, others think that once every few days is best.But that still leaves us with the very important question—how much is too much? __2__ When you wash your hair with shampoo, the surfactant(表面活性剂) in the shampoo mixes with water and works to clean dirt and oil from your hair.Although clean hair is definitely a good thing, frequent shampooing can lead to some problems such as split ends (发梢开叉) and dull hair. Most people who wash their hair every day say they do it to avoid a build­up of oil.But in fact, skipping a wash is the best way to prevent oil from building up.Most often the oily substance in your hair doesn't come from natural oil but from the products you use for treatment and styling.__3__ Actually, how often you should shampoo your hair depends on your hair type.People who sweat a lot or live in a humid area may need to shampoo their hair more frequently.__4__If your hair is oily, you should try to use a shampoo that is specially designed for oily hair. Since thicker hair collects less oil, it'll need less washing.__5__ Anyway, the best way to know how often to wash your hair is to experiment.As long as you don't have scalp(头皮) problems, you can wash your hair once a week. A．It is evident that shampoo can be harmful to your hair. B．Oily hair, on the other hand, is more difficult to deal with. C．Washing your hair every day can be costly and unhelpful. D．It's a question that has been bothering thousands of people. E．In addition, dry and curly hair can often be left unwashed for days. F．You may notice some changes if you start skipping washing your hair. G．To answer that, we first need to understand what happens when you wash your hair. Ⅲ.完形填空 I have been engaging in a spot of emotional therapy over the last 2 weeks.I make an effort to try to __1__difficulties in life so that I can feel good within myself and find more __2__for my steps ahead. The first day here I just couldn't stop__3__at the breakfast table and another woman was very kind to me.Most people__4__to be there for each other when needed, which is highly __5__． Today one of the older women had a bit of a__6__during lunch and rushed out of the room with her plate in hand.I asked her if she was OK as she went past me but she could not answer.So, I__7__to a young girl to go after her to check and see if she was fine.Glad she did and I really hope it__8__．I can only imagine it is really hard for all of us in one way or another as we all have our own__9__and do not know each other properly. Whether we do or don't get to know each other is another matter and at the end of the day, it really does not__10__．For now we are all ships in a__11__and are getting our torn sails repaired before we are able to__12__to more restless waters.Although some days are easier than others, it takes time, a lot of patience and the right expert __13__． Please say a little prayer today for those with mental health__14__．Oh yes...during my first week here, I bought a nice__15__plant at the local market for the TV room.Today it is in full bloom! I have learnt so far that every today has special little moments. 1．A.catch up　　　　　　B．get over C．get down D．catch on 2．A.visions B．directions C．recovery D．strength 3．A.crying B．laughing C．shouting D．complaining 4．A.demand B．tend C．anticipate D．guarantee 5．A.reliable B．unforgettable C．admirable D．abstract 6．A.breakdown B．takeout C．outbreak D．breakthrough 7．A.appealed B．applied C．switched D．signaled 8．A.rewarded B．recovered C．helped D．impacted 9．A.stories B．examples C．manners D．conflicts 10．A.care B．matter C．need D．exist 11．A.river B．lake C．port D．factory 12．A.take apart B．put up C．settle down D．sail off 13．A.performance B．survey C．guidance D．regulation 14．A.issues B．activities C．orders D．doubts 15．A.man­made B．potted C．garden D．plastic Ⅳ.语法填空 Like many other students, you may have various people，1.________ (include) family members and friends，giving input on your college decision. While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very 2.______(value) advice that can help you make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.Only you can fully realize which aspect of a college will make you truly happy and 3.________(satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind. Moreover, fully consider each option.It can be easy 4.________(let) a particular school become a front­runner early on 5.________ your decision­making process，and it may even become the winning choice.But be sure to carefully evaluate every school 6.________has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school. Do keep 7.________ open mind.Students can change majors, but remember that there's no re­living a certain semester (学期) ，and there's no making up for lost time.Don't go to a school 8.________ (specific) for a high school relationship 9.________ to make someone else happy.A 10.________(student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first. 情感描写之“吃惊” ★素材积累 ★语段写作 第一步　完成句子 1．使人们非常震惊的是，龙卷风袭击了附近的一个小镇。 ________________________， a tornado occurred in a small town nearby. 2．听到这个坏消息，玛丽惊得呆住了，动弹不得。 At the bad news, __________________， as if rooted to the ground.(动词短语) 3．玛丽把这个消息告诉了孩子们，问他们是否愿意和那些不幸的人分享他们所拥有的东西。 ________________________， and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate. 4．令她惊讶的是，孩子们都愿意捐赠一些东西。 ________________________________ all the children were willing to donate something.(形容词) 5．当安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放进盒子里时，她弟弟脸上闪过一丝惊奇。他瞪大眼睛看着她。 When Anne placed her favourite toy in the box, ____________________________．__________________________________． 6．他一言不发地回到自己的房间，拿着他最喜欢的玩具跑回客厅。 Without a word, ____________________________________．(动作描写，增加细节) 7．玛丽惊讶地意识到他也明白了她的举动意味着什么。 ________________________， Mary realized that he had also recognised what her action meant.(形容词作状语) 第二步　将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案 选择性必修第四册 训练(二)　Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility [能力提升] Ⅰ.1.blessing　2.outlined　3.principles 4．decently　5.core　6.harvest　7.minerals 8．wrapped　9.parcel　10.sewing Ⅱ.1.live a lie　2.on the beat　3.responsible for　4.losing contact with　5.makes a difference 6．make his fortune　7.have　pulled　8. at the mercy　9.for the greater good　10.in store Ⅲ.1.On the back wall of our classroom hangs a big clock　2.it is difficult for him to get along with others　3.it is unnecessary to put yourself under pressure　4.it is foolish of you to take up　5.It is great fun to play football with teachers together in our spare time. [知能演练] Ⅰ.[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日常生活中无缘无故撒谎的习惯的原因以及解决的方法。 1．A　推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself.(我建议你给自己一天时间，在这段时间里你要坚定地坚持自己的真实。)”可知，这篇文章是对一些有无缘无故撒谎的习惯的人的回复，故选A。 2．B　细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self­worth.(根据一些权威人士的说法，这在女性中尤其如此，特别是那些几乎没有机会培养足够的自我价值感的女性。)”可知，对女性来说，拥有足够的自我价值感很重要，故选B。 3．A　推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up.Wait a week and then try again.Once you have achieved three separate lie­free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week.(如果你能坚持下去的话，在一天结束时给自己一点小礼物。请等待一周，然后重试。一旦你完成了三个独立的无谎日，看看你是否能连续应付三天，然后再延长一周。)”可知，在最后一段中，作者暗示你应以耐心和坚强的意志解决问题，故选A。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。现在人们越来越关注头皮健康，那么多久洗一次头是健康的呢？ 1．D　第一句提出疑问“应该多久洗一次头”，空处承接上文，说明这个问题一直困扰着人们。D项中a question是解题关键词。 2．G　上一段段末提出了一个问题，结合下文介绍洗头时发生的具体事情可知，此处承上启下，说明要回答上文中提出的问题，人们需要了解洗头时发生了什么。 3．F　本段讲了不应该天天洗头，洗头频率降低也能保护发质和头皮。F项切合文意。 4．B　下一句讲了油性发质应该如何选洗发水，B项引出下文。Oily hair是关键词。 5．E　上文讲了油性发质、浓密头发的人应该怎么洗头，此处用In addition引出干燥的卷发应该多久洗一次。 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文本文讲述了作者初到一地时，受到别人的关爱，随后他对他人进行关爱的故事。在每一个艰难时刻表示关爱，世界会更温暖。 1．B　作者过去两周一直在医院进行治疗，因此推断作者努力去克服生活中的困难。 2．D　作者在做治疗，努力克服生活中的困难，以便于让自己感觉良好，找到前行的更多力量。 3．A　根据上文“I have been engaging in a spot of emotional therapy”可知，作者有情感方面的问题，因此推断第一天来到这里吃早饭时，控制不住哭了。 4．B　根据上文“another woman was very kind to me”可知，人们很善良，因此推断大多数人在别人需要之时，会为彼此挺身而出。tend to“常常；往往”。 5．C　在别人需要时挺身而出，是非常值得钦佩的。 6．A　根据下文“rushed out of the room with her plate in hand”可知，这位上了年纪的女士吃午饭时有一点精神崩溃，拿着碟子从屋里冲了出去。 7．D　根据下文“to go after her to check and see if she was fine”可知，作者示意一个女生追着去查看她是否还好。 8．C　作者示意女孩去看看那位崩溃的上了年纪的女士是否还好，作者自然希望这样做能起作用，能帮到那位崩溃的女士。 9．A　作者明白去帮助他人对我们每个人来说都很难，因为我们每个人都有自己的故事(也就是家家都有本难念的经)。 10．B　作者认为我们是否彼此认识是另一回事，但是在一天结束时，这真的不重要。 11．C　作者把现在的自己与他人比喻为港口里的船只，正在修补破损的帆，即接受治疗。 12．D　根据上文“are getting our torn sails repaired”可知，只有修理好破损的帆，我们才能够扬帆驶向更汹涌的水域。 13．C　空处与time和patience并列。此处讲的是虽然一些日子比另一些日子更好过，但这需要时间、大量的耐心和正确的专家指导。 14．A　结合第一段“I have been engaging in a spot of emotional therapy over the last 2 weeks.”可知，作者呼吁为一些有精神健康问题的人做一些祈祷。 15．B　根据下文“Today it is in full bloom！”可知，作者买了盆栽植物。 Ⅳ.[语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章就高中毕业生该如何选择大学提出了一些建议。 1．including　考查词性转换(动词→介词)。此处表示“包括你的家人和朋友”，根据空格后的名词词组family members and friends可知，此处应使用介词including。 2．valuable　考查词性转换(名词→形容词)。分析句子成分可知，名词advice在句中作宾语，前面应该用形容词作定语，故填valuable，表示“宝贵的”。 3．satisfied　考查词性转换(动词→形容词)。分析句子成分可知，空格处和happy并列，作宾语补足语，表示“感到满意的”，故填satisfied。 4．to let　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句为“It＋be＋adj.＋to do sth”结构，It作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，故填to let。 5．in/during　考查介词。in...process/in the process of...是固定搭配，意为“在……的过程中”；early on“在初期，在开始阶段”。此处也可用介词during，故填in/during。 6．that　考查定语从句。此处表示一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that。 7．an　考查冠词。keep an open mind为固定用法，意为“愿意聆听或接受意见，思想开明”，其中mind意为“思维方式”，是可数名词，open的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 8．specifically　考查词性转换(形容词→副词)。分析句子成分可知，空格处在句中作状语，修饰介词短语for a high school relationship，应使用副词。 9．or　考查并列连词。此处“for a high school relationship”和“to make someone else happy”是两个并列成分，此处表示“或者”，故填or。 10．student's　考查名词所有格。根据句意“一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的，学生必须把他或她的教育放在首位”可知，此处应使用名词所有格作定语，故填student's。 [续写提能]——语段写作 第一步 1．Much to people's shock 2．Mary froze with shock 3．Mary shared the news with her children 4．She was amazed/surprised/astonished that 5．a spark of surprise flashed across her brother's face He stared at her with wide eyes 6．he went back to his room and ran back with his favourite toy to the living room 7．Astonished/Surprised/Amazed 第二步 Much to people's shock, a tornado occurred in a small town nearby.At the bad news, Mary froze with shock, as if rooted to the ground. Then, Mary shared the news with her children, and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate.She was amazed/surprised/astonished that all the children were willing to donate something.When Anne placed her favourite toy in the box, a spark of surprise flashed across her brother's face. He stared at her with wide eyes. Without a word, he went back to his room and ran back with his favourite toy to the living room. Astonished/Surprised/Amazed, Mary realized that he had also recognised what her action meant. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$