内容正文:
专题01名词-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
专题06 代词和数词(讲义)
目录
01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
考点一 代词的词形转换必备知识--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
考点二 与反身代词相对的短语-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
考点三 与it相关的句型-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
考点四、不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none----------------------------------------------------------5
【真题例析】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
数词考点的必备知识:
考点一 基数词和序数词的相互转换-----------------------------------------------------------------------------7
考点二 与数词相关的表达法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
考点三 易混易错数词考点-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
【真题例析】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
04 关键能力-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
在语篇中灵活运用代词和数词相关知识-------------------------------------------------------------------------11
专题06 代词和数词(讲义)
01 考情分析
考情分析:分析2021-2024年新高考有关代词的考向分布。
题型
语法填空
高考考点
代词
2024年1月浙江高考真题
2024
ones
全国甲卷
2024
its
新高考I卷
2023
they--their
新高考I卷
2021
I--mine
浙江1月高考卷
2021
she--herself
考情分析:分析2021-20
题型
语法填空
高考考点
数词
新高考
2024
无
全国甲卷
2023
six--sixth
新高考II卷
2021
seven--seventh
24年新高考有关数词的考向分布。
02 知识概览
03 必备知识
考点一 代词的词形转换必备知识
①人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
②物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
③反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
考点二【高频考点】与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
考点三【高频考点】与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
考点四 不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none
都
任何一个
都不(全部否定)
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither=not either
both和not连用
三者或三者以上
all
any
none=not any
all和not连用
【真题例析】
考向1 考查代词的词形转换
1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
2.(2022•全国高考乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ________ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
3. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
4. (2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
(
解决常用代词词形转换题,我们要记住代词的各种形式。
①人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
②物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
③反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
)
考向2 考查代词的句法功能
1.(2018新课标III卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
(they) alive.
2.(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
3.(2022·全国乙卷改编)They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like ________ (they), had little privacy.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)________ (she) notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
考向3 考查代词it的用法
1.(2022·北京卷改编)________it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
2.(2024·河南省顶级名校阶段性检测)Geneticist (基因学家) Dr. Arney has explored the impact that humans have had on the evolutionary process of the species in the past decade.From driving species to farm animals to new technologies like genetic engineering and cloning, Arney found ______ impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet.
(
【高频再现】
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①
It+be+
adj
. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②
It+be+
adj
.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③
It+be+
n
.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④
It+be+
adj
./
n
.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤
It+be+
n
./
adj
.+主语从句。在
“
It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句
”
中,从句的谓语动词常用
“
should+动词原形
”
,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①
主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+
adj
./
n
.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②
某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用
it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
)
数词考点的必备知识:
考点一 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
考点二 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考点三 易混易错数词考点
①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。
②表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语
特征
词语
备注
只修饰可数名词
a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of,
dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thou-sands of, millions of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名词
a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of
作主语时,谓语动词用单数
既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定
a large quantity of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定
large quantities of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
【真题例析】
考向1 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century, BC.
2.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
(
常用序数词的拼写规律及特殊数词的记忆
①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如:
twenty-one →twentyfirst,
thirtytwo →thirty-second,
two hundred and ninetyeight →two hundred and ninetyeighth等。
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如:
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth
注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)
)
考向2 考查数词的表达法(分数是重点)
1.(2023·河南省九师联盟高三联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.
2.(2023·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in councilrun courses costing from £10 each time.
3.(2023·湖南省邵阳市武冈市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.
(
【易混易错】
1.分数的表达法:
分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:
►a half
二分之一
a quarter =one fourth
四分之一
three quarters=three fourths 四分之三
2.常考固定表达法
in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别:in the thirties在30年代)
an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩
a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程
)
考向3 考查倍数表达法
(2023·江苏省南京市高三二模)Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.
(
【高频再现】
1.倍数+as+形容词(副词)原级+as...。My income is twice
as much as
yours.我的收入是你的2倍。
2.倍数+the size
/length/
width
/depth/
height of...。My house is twice
the size of
his.我的房子是他的两倍大。
3.倍数+that of。
The size of my house is twice
that of
his.我的房子是他的两倍大。
In this factory, the output of July is 4 times
that of
January.这个工厂七月份的产量是一月份的四倍。
4.倍数+比较级+than。
The output of cars in 2012 is 4 times
greater than
that of 2011.2012年小轿车产量是2011年的5倍。
)
04 关键能力
代词考点的关键能力:
在具体语境中使用代词时,应注意以下几点:
【高频再现】当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
【易错提醒】1.通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2.理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
3.通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
数词考点的关键能力:
在具体语境中使用数词时,应注意以下几点:
1.需要使用数词时,要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。
2.使用序数词时,注意前面要有定冠词the。
3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配,如in the 1820s,in his 30s,thousands of等。
2.在语篇中灵活运用代词和数词相关知识
【考例分析】
1.(2024·海南省高三下学期学业水平诊断(五))
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The Yingge dance is a combination of opera, dance and wushu. Typically, the dance 1 (perform) during festivals and celebrations, with dancers wearing colorful costumes and carrying masks, snakes, spears and drums. Its rich history and cultural 2 (significant) have earned it the distinction of being classified as a national intangible cultural heritage (遗产) in China.
On Chinese New Year, a Yingge team 3 (consist) of 16 dancers from the Chaoshan region of Guangdong Province gave a wonderful performance in London. The event provided 4 unique opportunity for UK residents to experience the richness and diversity of Chinese culture.
The dance team’s commitment 5 their craft was evident in their preparation. For over a month, they devoted 6 (they) to perfecting their performance, ensuring every step, every gesture, and every beat was in harmony. The dancers, many of 7 had more than 15 years of performance experience, showed their devotion to preserving this ancient art form.
So far, the Yingge dance 8 (cross) borders, attracting audiences in foreign countries such as Thailand. The celebration of the Spring Festival has become a global phenomenon, with “Spring Festival Parades” 9 (hold) in several countries each year. Nearly one-fifth of the world’s population now celebrates the Chinese New Year in 10 (vary) styles, reflecting the growing influence of Chinese culture worldwide.
2.(2024·河北省高三大数据应用调研联合测评 (六))
The Shenzhou XVII crew conducted their second spacewalk outside the Tiangong space station on Saturday, 1 (complete) the first repair operation by Chinese astronauts, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
The agency said that mission commander Tang Hongbo and crew member Jiang Xinlin 2 (return) to the Wentian science module (舱) at 1:32 pm after floating for nearly eight hours outside the huge orbital station. The 3 (three) crew member Tang Shengjie, stayed inside Tiangong to provide support.
“With the 4 (cooperate) and assistance from ground controllers and the space station’s robotic arm, the team completed all their assigned tasks 5 (successful),” the agency said. It was the 15th spacewalk 6 (carry) out by Chinese astronauts. During the spacewalk, Tang Hongbo and Jiang Xinlin repaired damage to parts on the Tianhe core module’s solar wings that was caused by tiny space debris (碎片).
The Shenzhou XVII astronauts, 7 are the sixth crew to inhabit the Tiangong space station, arrived at the enormous flying outpost on Oct. 26, 2023 to take over from their peers (同行) in the Shenzhou XVI mission.
On Dec. 21, the crew performed their first spacewalk 8 finished a host of tasks including carrying out test repairs, too. They are scheduled 9 (wrap) up their spaceflight at the end of April and will hand over the Tiangong space station 10 the Shenzhou XVIII crew before returning to Earth.
(
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专题01名词-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
专题06 代词和数词(讲义)
目录
01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
考点一 代词的词形转换必备知识--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
考点二 与反身代词相对的短语-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
考点三 与it相关的句型-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
考点四、不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none----------------------------------------------------------5
【真题例析】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
数词考点的必备知识:
考点一 基数词和序数词的相互转换-----------------------------------------------------------------------------8
考点二 与数词相关的表达法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
考点三 易混易错数词考点------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
【真题例析】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
04 关键能力-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
在语篇中灵活运用代词和数词相关知识--------------------------------------------------------------------------12
专题06 代词和数词(讲义)
01 考情分析
考情分析:分析2021-2024年新高考有关代词的考向分布。
题型
语法填空
高考考点
代词
2024年1月浙江高考真题
2024
ones
全国甲卷
2024
its
新高考I卷
2023
they--their
新高考I卷
2021
I--mine
浙江1月高考卷
2021
she--herself
考情分析:分析2021-20
题型
语法填空
高考考点
数词
新高考
2024
无
全国甲卷
2023
six--sixth
新高考II卷
2021
seven--seventh
24年新高考有关数词的考向分布。
02 知识概览
03 必备知识
考点一 代词的词形转换必备知识
①人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
②物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
③反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
考点二【高频考点】与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
考点三【高频考点】与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
考点四 不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none
都
任何一个
都不(全部否定)
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither=not either
both和not连用
三者或三者以上
all
any
none=not any
all和not连用
【真题例析】
考向1 考查代词的词形转换
1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
2.(2022•全国高考乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ________ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
3. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
4. (2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【答案】herself
【解析】考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
(
解决常用代词词形转换题,我们要记住代词的各种形式。
①人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
②物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
③反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
)
考向2 考查代词的句法功能
1.(2018新课标III卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
(they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查人称代词宾格。句意:当我和大猩猩互相吓坏了时,我只是很高兴地发现 他们活着。作find的宾语,所以用宾格代词。
2.(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
【答案】she
【解析】考查代词主格。句意:在她作为一名职业舞者的职业生涯中,她去过英国巡回演出,但总是渴望进一步探索。此处作主语,应用主格。故填she。
3.(2022·全国乙卷改编)They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like ________ (they), had little privacy.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词宾格。句意:他们搬到了当地的一个家庭,哈里森一家,和他们一样,几乎没有隐私。 like在句中作介词,其后应用宾格。故填them。
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)________ (she) notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
【答案】Her
【解析】考查代词作定语。句意:她的通知中包括她想做什么样的训练,每周有多少天,她想在每次训练上花多少个时间,以及她的年龄。此处作定语修饰notice,应用形容词性物主代词。故填Her。
考向3 考查代词it的用法
1.(2022·北京卷改编)________it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
【答案】It
【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意:对每个人来说,花一些时间来锻炼对健康和健身是很重要的。此处it作形式主语不定式是真正的主语;句首单词首字母大写。故填It。
2.(2024·河南省顶级名校阶段性检测)Geneticist (基因学家) Dr. Arney has explored the impact that humans have had on the evolutionary process of the species in the past decade.From driving species to farm animals to new technologies like genetic engineering and cloning, Arney found ______ impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意:从驱动物种到农场动物,再到基因工程和克隆等新技术,阿尼发现,人们无法忽视人类对地球的影响。分析句子结构可知,此处应用it作形式宾语,指代真正的宾语不定式短语“to ignore the influence of humans on the planet”。故填it。
(
【高频再现】
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①
It+be+
adj
. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②
It+be+
adj
.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③
It+be+
n
.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④
It+be+
adj
./
n
.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤
It+be+
n
./
adj
.+主语从句。在
“
It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句
”
中,从句的谓语动词常用
“
should+动词原形
”
,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①
主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+
adj
./
n
.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②
某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用
it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
)
数词考点的必备知识:
考点一 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
考点二 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考点三 易混易错数词考点
①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。
②表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语
特征
词语
备注
只修饰可数名词
a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of,
dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thou-sands of, millions of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名词
a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of
作主语时,谓语动词用单数
既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定
a large quantity of
作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定
large quantities of
作主语时,谓语动词用复数
【真题例析】
考向1 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century, BC.
【答案】sixth
【解析】考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多早期文化的口头传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。根据句意可知,这里指公元前六世纪,故填序数词sixth。
2.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
【答案】seventh
【解析】考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
(
常用序数词的拼写规律及特殊数词的记忆
①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如:
twenty-one →twentyfirst,
thirtytwo →thirty-second,
two hundred and ninetyeight →two hundred and ninetyeighth等。
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如:
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth
注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)
)
考向2 考查数词的表达法(分数是重点)
1.(2023·河南省九师联盟高三联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.
【答案】third
【解析】考查序数词。句意:于2013年,这个地区三分之一人口还仍然生活在绝对贫困线以下。此处考查分数的表达法。三分之一表达为:one third (a third) 。故填third。
2.(2023·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in councilrun courses costing from £10 each time.
【答案】seventies
【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候,表达为:in their seventies。故填seventies。
3.(2023·湖南省邵阳市武冈市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.
【答案】thirds
【解析】分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。two thirds意为“三分之二”。故填thirds。
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【易混易错】
1.分数的表达法:
分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:
►a half
二分之一
a quarter =one fourth
四分之一
three quarters=three fourths 四分之三
2.常考固定表达法
in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别:in the thirties在30年代)
an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩
a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程
)
考向3 考查倍数表达法
(2023·江苏省南京市高三二模)Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.
【答案】twice
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意:大多数英国人花在社交上的时间几乎是他们独处时间的两倍。此处是twice as……as句型,意为:……的2倍。故填twice。
(
【高频再现】
1.倍数+as+形容词(副词)原级+as...。My income is twice
as much as
yours.我的收入是你的2倍。
2.倍数+the size
/length/
width
/depth/
height of...。My house is twice
the size of
his.我的房子是他的两倍大。
3.倍数+that of。
The size of my house is twice
that of
his.我的房子是他的两倍大。
In this factory, the output of July is 4 times
that of
January.这个工厂七月份的产量是一月份的四倍。
4.倍数+比较级+than。
The output of cars in 2012 is 4 times
greater than
that of 2011.2012年小轿车产量是2011年的5倍。
)
04 关键能力
代词考点的关键能力:
在具体语境中使用代词时,应注意以下几点:
【高频再现】当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
【易错提醒】1.通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2.理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
3.通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
数词考点的关键能力:
在具体语境中使用数词时,应注意以下几点:
1.需要使用数词时,要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。
2.使用序数词时,注意前面要有定冠词the。
3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配,如in the 1820s,in his 30s,thousands of等。
2.在语篇中灵活运用代词和数词相关知识
【考例分析】
1.(2024·海南省高三下学期学业水平诊断(五))
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The Yingge dance is a combination of opera, dance and wushu. Typically, the dance 1 (perform) during festivals and celebrations, with dancers wearing colorful costumes and carrying masks, snakes, spears and drums. Its rich history and cultural 2 (significant) have earned it the distinction of being classified as a national intangible cultural heritage (遗产) in China.
On Chinese New Year, a Yingge team 3 (consist) of 16 dancers from the Chaoshan region of Guangdong Province gave a wonderful performance in London. The event provided 4 unique opportunity for UK residents to experience the richness and diversity of Chinese culture.
The dance team’s commitment 5 their craft was evident in their preparation. For over a month, they devoted 6 (they) to perfecting their performance, ensuring every step, every gesture, and every beat was in harmony. The dancers, many of 7 had more than 15 years of performance experience, showed their devotion to preserving this ancient art form.
So far, the Yingge dance 8 (cross) borders, attracting audiences in foreign countries such as Thailand. The celebration of the Spring Festival has become a global phenomenon, with “Spring Festival Parades” 9 (hold) in several countries each year. Nearly one-fifth of the world’s population now celebrates the Chinese New Year in 10 (vary) styles, reflecting the growing influence of Chinese culture worldwide.
【答案】
1.is performed 2.significance 3.consisting 4.a 5.to 6.themselves 7.whom 8.has crossed 9.held 10.various/varied
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了潮汕英歌舞的特点,并且作为一种传统的中国文化形式,受到海内外的欢迎。
1.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这种舞蹈通常在节日和庆祝活动中表演,舞者穿着五颜六色的服装,带着面具、蛇、矛和鼓。设空处为谓语,描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语the dance和动词perform之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,并且be动词用第三人称单数,故填is performed。
2.考查名词。句意:它丰富的历史和文化意义为它赢得了被列为中国国家级非物质文化遗产的荣誉。设空处为主语,应用名词,表示意义,故填significance。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:春节期间,来自广东潮汕地区的16名舞蹈演员组成的英歌队在伦敦进行了精彩的表演。本句已有谓语gave,设空处应用非谓语动词,修饰名词a Yingge team作定语,和名词之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填consisting。
4.考查冠词。句意:此次活动为英国居民提供了一个独特的机会来体验中国文化的丰富性和多样性。设空处修饰名词opportunity,表泛指,应用冠词,并且unique以辅音音素开头,故填a。
5.考查介词。句意:舞蹈队对技艺的投入在他们的准备中是显而易见的。短语commitment to,意为“投入,致力于”,符合题意,故填to。
6.考查固定短语。句意:在一个多月的时间里,他们致力于完善自己的表演,确保每一步,每一个手势,每一个节拍都是和谐的。短语devote oneself to,意为“致力于”,主语是they,反身代词用themselves,故填themselves。
7.考查定语从句。句意:许多舞者都有超过15年的表演经验,他们表现出对保护这一古老艺术形式的奉献精神。设空处引导定语从句,指代先行词The dancers,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,故填whom。
8.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,英歌已经跨越国界,吸引了泰国等国外的观众。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语So far,可知应用现在完成时,主语the Yingge dance,谓语用第三人称单数,故填has crossed。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:庆祝春节已经成为一种全球现象,每年都有几个国家举行“春节游行”。设空处为宾语补足语,和宾语“Spring Festival Parades”之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填held。
10.考查形容词。句意:世界上近五分之一的人口现在以各种方式庆祝中国新年,反映了中国文化在世界范围内日益增长的影响力。设空处修饰名词styles作定语,应用形容词,表“各种的”,故填various/varied。
2.(2024·河北省高三大数据应用调研联合测评 (六))
The Shenzhou XVII crew conducted their second spacewalk outside the Tiangong space station on Saturday, 1 (complete) the first repair operation by Chinese astronauts, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
The agency said that mission commander Tang Hongbo and crew member Jiang Xinlin 2 (return) to the Wentian science module (舱) at 1:32 pm after floating for nearly eight hours outside the huge orbital station. The 3 (three) crew member Tang Shengjie, stayed inside Tiangong to provide support.
“With the 4 (cooperate) and assistance from ground controllers and the space station’s robotic arm, the team completed all their assigned tasks 5 (successful),” the agency said. It was the 15th spacewalk 6 (carry) out by Chinese astronauts. During the spacewalk, Tang Hongbo and Jiang Xinlin repaired damage to parts on the Tianhe core module’s solar wings that was caused by tiny space debris (碎片).
The Shenzhou XVII astronauts, 7 are the sixth crew to inhabit the Tiangong space station, arrived at the enormous flying outpost on Oct. 26, 2023 to take over from their peers (同行) in the Shenzhou XVI mission.
On Dec. 21, the crew performed their first spacewalk 8 finished a host of tasks including carrying out test repairs, too. They are scheduled 9 (wrap) up their spaceflight at the end of April and will hand over the Tiangong space station 10 the Shenzhou XVIII crew before returning to Earth.
【答案】
1.completing 2.returned 3.third 4.cooperation 5.successfully 6.carried 7.who 8.and 9.to wrap 10.to
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道,文章主要报道了神舟十七号航天员完成太空修复任务。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:据中国载人航天局称,2024年3月2日,神舟17号宇航员在天宫空间站外进行了第二次太空行走,完成了中国宇航员的首次修复操作。句子谓语动词是conducted,空格处填入非谓语动词,动词complete和逻辑主语The Shenzhou XVII crew之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填completing。
2.考查一般过去时。句意:该机构表示,任务指挥官汤洪波和机组成员江新林在巨大的轨道站外漂浮了近8个小时后,于下午1点32分返回了问天实验舱。结合句意及句中的said可知,句子是描述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,故填returned。
3.考查序数词。句意:第三名机组人员唐胜杰留在天宫号内部提供支持。结合句意可知,此处指“第三个”,使用序数词,故填third。
4.考查名词。句意:“在地面控制人员和空间站机械臂的配合和协助下,该团队完成功成了所有分配的任务,”该机构说。空处和名词assistance并列,应填名词形式,作介词With的宾语,cooperation“合作”,不可数名词,故填cooperation。
5.考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词completed,应用副词形式,故填successfully。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:这是中国宇航员进行的第15次太空行走。句子谓语动词是was,空格处填入非谓语动词,结合“by Chinese astronauts”可知,动词短语carry out和spacewalk之间是被动关系,此处应用过去分词作后置定语,故填carried。
7.考查定语从句。句意:10月26日,神舟17号的宇航员接替神舟16号的任务,他们是第6批居住在天宫空间站的宇航员,抵达这个巨大的飞行前哨。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是The Shenzhou XVII astronauts,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导,故填who。
8.考查连词。句意:12月21日,宇航员进行了首次太空行走,并完成了包括测试维修在内的一系列任务。结合句意可知,“performed their first spacewalk”和“finished a host of tasks”是并列关系,用并列连词and连接,故填and。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:按计划,他们将在4月底结束太空飞行,并在返回地球之前将天宫空间站移交给神舟18号机组人员。be scheduled to do sth“被安排做某事”,故填to wrap。
10.考查介词。句意同上。hand over…to…“把……移交给……”,固定搭配,故填to。
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