Unit 1 Laugh out Loud! 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

Unit 1 Laugh out Loud! 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24高二下·湖北·阶段练习）Today’s teens are still going through the same physical and emotional transitions (过渡) older generations had, but they’re also burdened with pressures we never could have imagined even several years ago—from the cruel separation caused by social media to the terrifying impact of climate change. In the face of all this, how can teens overcome these challenges? While there’re no simple answers to this question, part of the way forward is learning self-compassion. Self-compassion means treating yourself with kindness and support when you’re having a hard time, being aware of difficult emotions and recognizing they’re a normal part of life. This may sound like no big deal, but actually, most of us do the opposite. When something’s happened that makes us feel bad, for example, we tend to be overly self-critical, often assuming that whatever happened was our fault. In a recently published study, my colleagues and I taught one group of teens the Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens (MSC-T) program. Eight sessions were designed to help them be more supportive and compassionate to themselves. Another group learned a healthy lifestyle course that included sessions on nutrition, exercise, sleep and healthy social media use. In our study, all the teens were exhibiting some anxious symptoms. The results showed that after six months, teens in the self-compassion group were over 2.5 times less likely to develop full-blown anxiety compared to teens in the healthy lifestyle group, suggesting the self-compassion course protected the teens from getting more anxious. Although we can’t determine how self-compassion is protective, we suspect it has to do with teens developing an understanding of common humanity. In one class, a teen said, “Whatever you’re feeling, you’re not alone in it. Somebody else will feel the same way, and will know where you’re coming from.” Self-compassion won’t solve all teens’ problems. But it’ll give them a new way to approach their problems without blaming themselves. As one teen said to me after taking a self-compassion course, “You know, it’s changed the way I look at myself and the world.” And that can make all the difference. 1．What do most people tend to do when having a hard time? A．They criticize others. B．They seek support. C．They remain normal. D．They blame themselves. 2．How did the author and his colleagues mainly draw their conclusion? A．By making comparisons. B．By listing numbers. C．By quoting sayings. D．By presenting examples. 3．How can self-compassion affect teens in the author’s opinion? A．It helps develop kindness in them. B．It can give them a new viewpoint. C．It gets them to take care of others. D．It makes them emotionally weaker. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How Can Teenagers Get Over Challenges in Life? B．How Is Self-Compassion Used to Fight Loneliness? C．Can Self-Compassion Help Teens With Anxiety? D．Is Guiding the Teen Years Harder Than Before? （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）Just a year ago, Sarah fulfilled the dream of owning her own bakery, which was very popular in the local and provided a well-off life for Sarah and her family. But last February, all fell apart, after a car accident left Sarah disabled. “I could barely talk or move,” she sobbed. Darkness and depression drowned Sarah, help seemed out of reach; she couldn’t afford a psychologist. Even worse, she had no health insurance. So her doctor suggested a mental-health app which offers free chatbot service. It is described as a “friendly” and “mental” tool, asking the patient some questions, like “How are you feeling?” or “What’s bothering you?”After the patient responds to the questions, the computer analyzes the words and phrases in the answers, and then delivers supportive messages which have been prewritten by trained human psychologists. That is how Sarah found herself on a new frontier of technology and mental health. Advances in artificial intelligence are increasingly being looked to as a way to help people who suffer from mild depression or anxiety. There are, of course, still plenty of doubts about whether machines can read or respond to the human emotions accurately. “Artificial intelligence is still not at a point where they can copy the complexities of human emotions, let alone imitate mental care,” a psychology professor in a mental health center said. However, supporters of chatbot treatment say the approach may also be the only realistic and affordable way. It meets a huge worldwide need for more mental healthcare at a time when there are simply not enough professionals to help all the people who could benefit. 5．What can we know about Sarah from the first two paragraphs? A．Her family fell apart in an accident. B．She was nearly drowned in an accident. C．She suffered a series of misfortunes then. D．Her dream came true despite an accident. 6．Why do people doubt about the chatbot? A．It is unable to respond to human emotions. B．It may not react to human emotions correctly. C．It copies the complexities of human emotions. D．It imitates mental care from human psychologists. 7．Which of the following may be the purpose of this passage? A．To introduce a free mental-care chatbot. B．To encourage readers to learn from Sarah. C．To suggest a new way to do mental research. D．To call for more attention on mental healthcare. （23-24高二下·广西·阶段练习）Have you ever felt numb, overwhelmed, or excessively anxious after seeing the flooding of suffering shown on the news, Internet, and social media? I know I have — and I recently learned that this feeling has a name: compassion fatigue (疲劳). For decades, researchers have studied compassion fatigue among health care workers, therapists, social workers, vets, and other people who are frequently exposed to other people’s trauma at work. Over time, they can develop emotional exhaustion or even PTSD-like (类创伤后应激障碍) symptoms—including difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and feeling triggered by troubling stories or memories—as a result of immersing themselves in the problems of others, studies show. While compassion fatigue hasn’t been widely studied among the general population, experts agreed that it can affect anyone, even those who are witnessing trauma from afar. That means almost everyone is at risk these days, because of ongoing conflicts even wars between countries, frequent gun violence, and other difficult world events that are all over the news and social media. Triggers (诱因) vary from person to person, experts say, so there’s no way to know for sure what will cause compassion fatigue. If you are reacting more strongly than usual to difficult situations—perhaps by yelling at others or growing angry when you’re usually level, you may be experiencing compassion fatigue. To protect yourself from compassion fatigue, the experts recommended taking purposeful breaks from the news to focus on personal wellnes — such as by spending time outdoors and with loved ones — and finding ways to give back to your community and remember the good in humanity. 8．What does the underlined word "trauma" mean? A．Dilemma. B．Fear. C．Embarrassment. D．Injury. 9．Which of the following is NOT a symptom of compassion fatigue? A．Being lost in the possible failures. B．Having difficulty in sleeping well. C．Involving themselves in others’ pain. D．Feeling much worried about something. 10．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 3? A．Everyone is possibly affected by compassion fatigue. B．Compassion fatigue has been researched worldwide. C．Social media is the main cause of compassion fatigue. D．Bad-tempered people are easier to experience compassion fatigue. 11．What do the experts advise readers with compassion fatigue to do? A．Pay more attention to good news. B．Read plenty of books on humanity. C．Stay with the ones like parents and friends. D．Make every effort to build a better community. （23-24高二下·江西赣州·阶段练习）“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort. Its effects — shortness of breath, pounding heart, muscle tension — are definitely upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion. In and of itself, anxiety is not deadly, nor is it a disease. Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us. We all know working out at the gym is hard. By nature, a “good workout” is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do. The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension. For example, one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy (疗法), which involves gradually being exposed to things that make one anxious, reducing fear over time. Humans are social creatures. When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness. Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., “I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love. From time to time, we find ourselves at the end of our rope. Our responsibilities pile up, our resources break down, and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance. Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results. Medical treatment for stress may function for a while, but it tends to make things worse in the long run. The only solution to dealing with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales. 12．What does the author say about anxiety? A．It is an invitation to diseases. B．It indicates stable mental health. C．It is a natural emotional expression. D．It costs us many valuable chances. 13．Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2? A．To prove how exercise influences emotions. B．To suggest an effective way to challenge limits. C．To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength. D．To show a positive connection between mind and body. 14．What is Johnson’s attitude towards being straightforward about one’s anxiety? A．Favorable. B．Dismissive. C．Suspicious. D．Critical. 15．According to the text, how can we deal with stress? A．Devote more energy to our work. B．Master advanced mathematical skills. C．Seek professional medical treatment. D．Balance the demands and available resources. （23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期末）When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds,” he was really onto something. According to a recent survey, “Most days or every day” in 2020, nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month. So you’re a little sleepy — no big deal, right? Wrong. A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health. Happiness is the first to suffer. Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient (不足的) sleep — you can be foggy, inattentive, and bad-tempered. A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress, and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. When lacking sleep, people felt annoyed more and easier, and things feel less fun. More seriously, sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety. In 2014, Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years. Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease — insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection, it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep. Whether you are a sleep-deprived student, or workaholic, or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者), attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year. 16．Why does the author mention Shakespeare? A．To show Shakespeare’s wisdom. B．To introduce the topic of sleep loss. C．To highlight a serious health problem. D．To give reported evidence of sleep debt. 17．What does the paper in Health Psychology tell us about insufficient sleep? A．It made people feel negative. B．It led to poor eyesight. C．It caused depression and anxiety. D．It was not worth much concern. 18．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss. B．Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease. C．Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society. D．Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic. 19．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To confirm sleep loss is a disease. B．To advocate getting sufficient sleep. C．To tackle widespread sleep problem. D．To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt. （23-24高二上·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末）Staying in on a Friday might feel like a good idea—you could really use the “alone time” after a busy week—until you get on Instagram. You see your friends eating at that new restaurant you have been wanting to try, and then you start watching another friend’s story before they set out on an exciting road trip. Suddenly, that alone time you chose doesn’t feel so good anymore. You feel like it’s boring to stay at home—you may even question the purpose of your very existence. Don’t worry, that anxiety is common—and not that new. You are experiencing FOMO, or the fear of missing out. We are always comparing ourselves to people around us, but sometimes that self-comparison can lead to some pretty bad feelings. “FOMO” is about having thoughts on missing out on opportunities which might increase our happiness,” says Dr. Aarti Gupta. “Humans are social beings and depend on each other to survive, and being left out or not being in the know could have, once upon a time, been a matter of life or death.” If you find yourself comparing yourself to others in a way that doesn’t feel productive, Gupta recommends practicing an abundance mindset: “This means remembering that there are plenty of opportunities to go around for everyone, and just because someone else found success doesn’t mean that you won’t.” So next time you see someone else win, try congratulating them instead of feeling unhappy. So the next Friday night you decide to stay in, keep in mind that we are always missing out on something. Choosing one activity or path simply means you’ll miss out on others. “I think the irony of all of it is that it’s called FOMO, the fear of missing out. But actually, what it is doing is that it’s making you miss out on today and that comfortable bed that you are in right now, or the job that you’re in right now or the relationship that you are in right now because you are so worried about what else is out there,” says Gupta. You can fight FOMO simply by being more fully present and invested in the life you have today. 20．What would make you experience FOMO when staying at home? A．Having dinner alone. B．Having nothing to do. C．Hearing friends’ bad news. D．Seeing friends’ colorful life. 21．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The effect of FOMO. B．How to avoid FOMO. C．The reason for FOMO. D．How to deal with FOMO. 22．What does the underlined part “practicing an abundance mindset” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Being more creative. B．Being less competitive. C．Being less self-doubting. D．Being more self-dependent. 23．What might be Gupta’s suggestion for those trying to fight FOMO? A．Making more new friends. B．Living in the here and now. C．Following your own feelings. D．Taking part in more activities. （23-24高二上·宁夏银川·期末）The driver who cuts you off in traffic. The neighbors who don’t pick up after their dog. Situations such as these get our hearts racing and send our stress levels skyrocketing. Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Some of us bottle up the feeling, while others explode in a wild rage (狂怒). Both habits do considerable harm to our bodies, our minds, and our relationships. “Anger may feel uncomfortable and a lot of people think they have to get rid of their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist in Calgary, Alberta. “But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be addressed. When we take notice of that signal and actually wrestle with the problem instead of turning a blind eye to it, we’re usually much better for it.” Unfortunately, many of us have been conditioned to keep our emotions hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have long-term effects on our health. Investigators at the University of Rochester noticed that people who contain their emotions tend to live shorter lives. Is it better, then, to scream and howl whenever something makes you mad? That’s probably the reason why “rage rooms” have popped up in many American cities, where folks are invited to let steam off by violently smashing (打碎) stuff in a “safe” environment. However, the research indicates that when people display anger aggressively, it can actually increase the intensity of the anger — and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future. It doesn’t take much imagination to predict how such behavior can affect your relationship with your spouse, your kids, or your colleagues. It also hurts your health. A large 2016 study at McMaster University found that people are more than twice as likely to have a heart attack after an angry explosion. If we shouldn’t bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behavior isn’t healthy either, how should we handle things that tick us of? It’s the extreme highs and lows that cause the damage. If you’re able to apply techniques that smooth out some of those peaks and valleys, you can have a gentler ride. 24．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．All people lose their temper when offended. B．When feeling angry, some people hold back the emotion. C．Anger does harm because it causes heart problems and stress. D．Only exploding in a wild rage is harmful. 25．What does Patrick Keelan think of anger? A．Uncomfortable and avoidable. B．Terrible and threatening. C．Confusing and complex. D．Normal and natural. 26．What is the consequence of letting out anger violently? A．It leads to people’s shorter life. B．It warns people against violence. C．It adds to people’s anger. D．It causes many "rage rooms" to be smashed. 27．What will be talked about if the passage is continued? A．Possible causes of anger. B．Tips on handling anger. C．Possible harm of anger. D．Tips on avoiding anger. （23-24高二上·云南大理·期末）While often seen as a negative (消极的) emotion, anger can also be a powerful motivator (促进因素) for people to achieve challenging goals in their lives, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. “People often believe that a state of happiness is perfect,” said lead author Heather Lench, PhD, a professor in the department of psychologcal and brain sciences at Texas A & M University, “but previous research suggests that a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, results in good outcomes.” The functionalist theory of emotion suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions to events within a person’s environment and help that person to make proper actions, according to Lench. For example, sadness may suggest that a person needs to seek help or emotional support, while anger may indicate a person needs to take action to overcome an obstacle (障碍). To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. In each experiment, participants either had an emotional response (such as anger, amusement, desire or sadness) or a neutral (中性的) emotional state, and then were presented with a challenging goal. Across all the experiments, anger improved people’s ability to reach their goals compared with a neutral condition in a variety of challenging situations. “Our research adds to the growing evidence that a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being, and that using negative emotions as tools can be particularly effective in some situations,” Lench said. 28．What is commonly believed concerning people’s emotions? A．It is believed that a state of joy is great. B．A feeling of sadness leads to poor effect. C．Anger is actually a positive emotion. D．Pride acts as an obstacle to success. 29．Why did researchers do a seres of experiments? A．They hoped to overturn the previous findings. B．They hoped to prove that a state of happiness is ideal. C．They hoped to find the relationship between positive and negative emotions. D．They hoped to have a better understanding of the role of anger in attaining goals. 30．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The problem of the research. B．The background of the research. C．The process of the research. D．The significance of the research. 31．What’s Lench’s attitude to their research? A．Skeptical. B．Favorable. C．Uncaring. D．Critical. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，青少年学会自我同情和善待自己有助于缓解焦虑。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When something’s happened that makes us feel bad, for example, we tend to be overly self-critical, often assuming that whatever happened was our fault. (例如，当发生了让我们感觉不好的事情时，我们往往会过度自我批评，经常认为发生的一切都是我们的错)”可知，大多数人在遇到困难的时候都会责怪自己。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In a recently published study, my colleagues and I taught one group of teens the Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens (MSC-T) program. Eight sessions were designed to help them be more supportive and compassionate to themselves. Another group learned a healthy lifestyle course that included sessions on nutrition, exercise, sleep and healthy social media use. (在最近发表的一项研究中，我和我的同事们教了一组青少年“青少年的正念自我同情”(MSC-T)项目。设计了八个疗程来帮助他们更加支持和同情自己。另一组学习了健康的生活方式课程，包括营养、运动、睡眠和健康的社交媒体使用)”和第四段中“The results showed that after six months, teens in the self-compassion group were over 2.5 times less likely to develop full-blown anxiety compared to teens in the healthy lifestyle group, suggesting the self-compassion course protected the teens from getting more anxious. (结果显示，六个月后，自我同情组的青少年发展为全面焦虑的可能性比健康生活方式组的青少年低2.5倍以上，这表明自我同情课程保护青少年免于变得更加焦虑)”可知，作者和他的同事教了一组青少年“正念自我同情”项目，之后对比了自我同情组的青少年和另一组健康生活方式组青少年的行为表现。因此他们是通过作比较的方式来得出结论的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But it’ll give them a new way to approach their problems without blaming themselves. As one teen said to me after taking a self-compassion course, “You know, it’s changed the way I look at myself and the world.” (但这会给他们一种新的方法来解决问题，而不用责怪自己。一个青少年在参加了自我同情课程后对我说：“你知道，它改变了我看待自己和世界的方式。”)”可知，自我同情可以给青少年一个新的视角，帮助他们解决问题。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“While there’re no simple answers to this question, part of the way forward is learning self-compassion. (虽然这个问题没有简单的答案，但前进的道路之一是学会自我同情)”可知，文章围绕一项研究青少年的研究展开，该研究表明青少年学会自我同情和善待自己有助于缓解焦虑。因此，C项“自我同情能帮助焦虑的青少年吗？”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 5．C 6．B 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以在一场车祸后变得残疾，生活陷入困境的Sarah为例，介绍了一款提供免费聊天机器人服务的心理健康应用，并说明了该机器人的工作方式以及人们对此的看法。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But last February, all fell apart, after a car accident left Sarah disabled. (但去年2月，一场车祸导致Sarah残疾，一切都崩溃了)”和第二段“Darkness and depression drowned Sarah, help seemed out of reach; she couldn’t afford a psychologist. Even worse, she had no health insurance. (黑暗和沮丧淹没了Sarah，帮助似乎遥不可及；她请不起心理医生。更糟糕的是，她没有医疗保险)”可知，Sarah遭受了一连串的不幸。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There are, of course, still plenty of doubts about whether machines can read or respond to the human emotions accurately. (当然，对于机器是否能够准确地解读或回应人类的情感，仍然存在很多疑问)”可知，人们会怀疑聊天机器人是因为它可能无法对人类的情感做出准确的回应。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“So her doctor suggested a mental-health app which offers free chatbot service. (因此，她的医生推荐了一款提供免费聊天机器人服务的心理健康应用程序)”可知，文章以在一场车祸后变得残疾，生活陷入困境的Sarah为例，介绍了一款提供免费聊天机器人服务的心理健康应用，并说明了该机器人的工作方式以及人们对此的看法。由此推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一个免费的心理护理聊天机器人。故选A项。 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是同情疲劳，探讨了其影响人群、症状，并提供了一般人群中可能出现这种现象的背景原因，最后给出了专家对于如何预防和应对同情疲劳的建议。 8．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“who are frequently exposed to other people’s (经常接触他人的)”和“Over time, they can develop emotional exhaustion or even PTSD-like (类创伤后应激障碍) symptoms—including difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and feeling triggered by troubling stories or memories—as a result of immersing themselves in the problems of others, studies show. (研究表明，随着时间的推移，他们可能会出现情绪衰竭甚至类似创伤后应激障碍的症状——包括睡眠困难、焦虑和被令人不安的故事或记忆引发的感觉——这是将自己沉浸在别人的问题中的结果。)”可知，这里指的是在工作中接触到的别人的痛苦或伤害事件，trauma一词意为“创伤”。A. Dilemma困境；B. Fear恐惧；C Embarrassment尴尬；D. Injury损伤。故选D项。 9．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Over time, they can develop emotional exhaustion or even PTSD-like (类创伤后应激障碍) symptoms—including difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and feeling triggered by troubling stories or memories—as a result of immersing themselves in the problems of others, studies show. (研究表明，随着时间的推移，他们可能会出现情绪衰竭甚至类似创伤后应激障碍的症状——包括睡眠困难、焦虑和被令人不安的故事或记忆引发的感觉——这是将自己沉浸在别人的问题中的结果。)”可知，睡不好觉、让自己陷入他人的痛苦、对某事感到非常担忧、均有提及，A选项文章中未提到，属于无中生有，故选A项。 10．细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句话“While compassion fatigue hasn’t been widely studied among the general population, experts agreed that it can affect anyone, even those who are witnessing trauma from afar. (虽然同情疲劳还没有在普通人群中得到广泛的研究，但专家们一致认为，它可以影响任何人，甚至是那些在远处目睹创伤的人。)”可知，同情疲劳可以影响任何人，即使是那些远距离目击创伤事件的人，故选A项。 11．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“To protect yourself from compassion fatigue, the experts recommended taking purposeful breaks from the news to focus on personal wellness — such as by spending time outdoors and with loved ones—and finding ways to give back to your community and remember the good in humanity. (为了避免“同情疲劳”，专家们建议有目的地从新闻中休息一下，专注于个人健康——比如花点时间在户外，和亲人在一起——并找到回馈社区的方法，记住人性中的美好。)”可知，专家建议有同情疲劳的读者花时间与父母或朋友在一起。故选C项。 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了焦虑虽然令人不舒服，但接受它对我们有帮助，还介绍了应对焦虑的方法。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us.(恰恰相反：它是大脑和感官健康的指标。一旦我们接受这是生活中正常的一部分，尽管不舒服，我们就可以用它来帮助我们。)”可知，焦虑是一种正常的情感表露。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By nature, a ‘good workout’ is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.(从本质上讲，‘好的锻炼’是不舒服的，因为它涉及到将我们的体力推过我们可以轻松完成的事情。) ”和“Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension.(同样，如果你想在情感上更坚强，你需要面对一些紧张。) ”可知，好的锻炼需要挑战身体的舒适区，同样，要想在情感上更坚强，有必要面对一些紧张，由此可推测出，提到“好的锻炼”是为了说明焦虑是如何帮助增强情感力量的。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., ‘I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support’), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.(此外，正如国际关系专家Sue Johnson所教导的那样，当我们在充满挑战的时刻表达我们对联系的需求时(例如，‘我现在很难过，真的需要你的支持’)，这会产生更大的联系，并将我们的焦虑转化为爱。) ”可推出，Johnson针对坦率地表达自己焦虑的态度是肯定的。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance.(简单地说，对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源，就像一组天平失去平衡一样。) ”和“The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.(处理压力的唯一解决方案是通过数学来平衡天平。) ”可知，对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源，所以天平失去了平衡，而唯一的方法是通过数学来平衡天平，由此可推测出，要平衡要求和现有的资源。故选D。 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B 【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠不足对人的健康产生重大的有害影响，并提倡充足的睡眠。 16． 推理判断题。根据第一段“When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the ‘cure of hurt minds,’ he was really onto something. According to a recent survey, ‘Most days or every day’ in 2020, nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month. So you’re a little sleepy—no big deal, right? Wrong. A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that ‘sleep debt’ can have significant harmful effects on your health. (当莎士比亚把睡个好觉称为‘治愈心灵创伤’时，他确实说对了。根据最近的一项调查，在2020年的‘大多数日子或每天’，近15%的美国成年人在前一个月有入睡困难。你有点困，没什么大不了的，对吧？错了。1999年医学期刊《柳叶刀》上的一篇文章显示，几十年的研究表明，‘睡眠债’会对你的健康产生重大的有害影响)”可推知，作者提到莎士比亚所说的话是为了引出睡眠不足的话题。故选B项。 17． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress, and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. When lacking sleep, people felt annoyed more and easier, and things feel less fun.( 2020年发表在《健康心理学》期刊上的一篇论文发现，睡眠不足的参与者在遇到相当普通的压力时，积极情绪的增加幅度较小，而在愉快的事件中，积极情绪的增加幅度也较小。当睡眠不足时，人们更容易感到烦恼，事情也不那么有趣)”可知，《健康心理学》上的论文告诉我们，睡眠不足让人们感到消极。故选A项。 18． 推理判断题。根据第四段“Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease—insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection, it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep. (一些研究人员认为，长期睡眠不足是一种疾病——睡眠不足综合症。考虑到报道的证据表明这种综合症是多么普遍，它甚至可能被归类为一种流行病。虽然还没有研究确定两者之间的联系，但我们有理由去思考，美国人幸福感的长期下降和社会冲突的增加是否与睡眠不足有关)”可推知，我们可以从第4段中了解到，睡眠不足可能影响个人和社会。故选C项。 19． 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Whether you are a sleep-deprived student, or workaholic, or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者), attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year. (无论你是一个睡眠不足的学生，还是工作狂，或者只是一个老派的失眠症患者，注意睡眠都是健康和幸福的关键策略。调整你生活的这一方面可能是你一年中做的最好的事情之一)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡充足的睡眠。故选B项。 20．D 21．C 22．B 23．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对FOMO这一词的解释和定义，以及对于FOMO，专家建议人们应该实践富足的心态，不要过多地和别人比较，活在当下。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段中“You see your friends eating at that new restaurant you have been wanting to try, and then you start watching another friend’s story before they set out on an exciting road trip.”（你看到你的朋友在你一直想去的那家新餐馆吃饭，然后你开始看另一个朋友的故事，然后他们开始了令人兴奋的公路旅行。）以及第二段“Suddenly, that alone time you chose doesn’t feel so good anymore. You feel like it’s boring to stay at home—you may even question the purpose of your very existence. Don’t worry, that anxiety is common—and not that new.  You are experiencing FOMO, or the fear of missing out.”（突然间，你选择的独处时间感觉不再那么好了。你觉得呆在家里很无聊，你甚至会质疑自己存在的意义。别担心，这种焦虑很常见，也不是什么新鲜事。你正在经历FOMO，或者说是害怕错过。）可知，看到朋友丰富多彩的生活会让你体验到FOMO。故选D项。 21．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We are always comparing ourselves to people around us, but sometimes that self-comparison can lead to some pretty bad feelings. “FOMO” is about having thoughts on missing out on opportunities which might increase our happiness,” says Dr. Aarti Gupta. “Humans are social beings and depend on each other to survive, and being left out or not being in the know could have, once upon a time, been a matter of life or death.””（我们总是把自己和周围的人比较，但有时这种自我比较会导致一些非常糟糕的感觉。阿尔蒂·古普塔博士说：“‘FOMO’是关于失去可能增加我们幸福感的机会的想法。”“人类是社会动物，彼此依赖才能生存，被遗忘或不知道曾经是一个生死攸关的问题。”）可知，这段主要讲的是经历FOMO的原因。故选C项。 22．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“If you find yourself comparing yourself to others in a way that doesn’t feel productive…”（如果你发现自己和别人比较的方式让你觉得自己没有成效……）以及后一句“This means remembering that there are plenty of opportunities to go around for everyone, and just because someone else found success doesn’t mean that you won’t.””（这意味着要记住，每个人都有很多机会，别人找到了成功并不意味着你不会。）由此可知，此处为划线短语“practicing an abundance mindset”（实践富足的心态）意思为“不要过多地和别人比较”。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You can fight FOMO simply by being more fully present and invested in the life you have today.”（你可以通过更充分地活在当下并投入到你今天的生活中来对抗FOMO。）可推知，古普塔对那些试图对抗FOMO的人，建议他们活在当下。故选B项。 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章客观地分析了生气对人的健康造成的影响。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Some of us bottle up the feeling, while others explode in a wild rage (狂怒).”（我们中的一些人压抑着这种感觉，而另一些人则会暴跳如雷。）可知，当感到愤怒时，有些人会抑制住这种情绪。故选B项。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段““Anger may feel uncomfortable and a lot of people think they have to get rid of their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist in Calgary, Alberta. “But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be addressed. When we take notice of that signal and actually wrestle with the problem instead of turning a blind eye to it, we’re usually much better for it.””（艾伯塔省卡尔加里的注册心理学家帕特里克·基兰说:“愤怒可能会让人感到不舒服，很多人认为他们必须摆脱愤怒。”“但愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，表明有些事情需要解决。当我们注意到这个信号，并真正解决问题，而不是视而不见时，我们通常会做得更好。”）可知，帕特里克·基兰认为愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，感到愤怒是正常的，我们应该正视愤怒，而不是回避它。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“However, the research indicates that when people display anger aggressively, it can actually increase the intensity of the anger — and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future.”（然而，研究表明，当人们表现出攻击性的愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒的强度，并增加未来采取攻击性行为的可能性。）可知，暴怒会增加一个人的愤怒。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we shouldn’t bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behavior isn’t healthy either, how should we handle things that tick us of? It’s the extreme highs and lows that cause the damage. If you’re able to apply techniques that smooth out some of those peaks and valleys, you can have a gentler ride.”（如果我们不应该压抑自己的愤怒情绪，但攻击性行为也不健康，那么我们应该如何处理那些让我们恼火的事情呢？是极端的高潮和低谷造成了伤害。如果你能运用一些技巧来消除这些高峰和低谷，你就能有一个更温和的旅程。）可推知，接下来的内容应该是关于如何处理愤怒的建议和技巧。故选B项。 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项实验表明，愤怒是人们实现人生中具有挑战性目标的强大动力。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“People often believe that a state of happiness is perfect (人们通常认为幸福的状态是完美的)”可知，人们普遍认为幸福的状态是很棒的。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段“To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. (为了更好地理解愤怒在实现目标中的作用，研究人员进行了一系列实验，涉及1000多名参与者，并分析了1400多名受访者的调查数据)”可知，研究人员进行了一系列实验是为了更好地理解愤怒在实现目标中的作用。故选D。 30．主旨大意题。根据第四段“To better understand the role of anger in achieving goals, researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 1,000 participants and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. In each experiment, participants either had an emotional response (such as anger, amusement, desire or sadness) or a neutral(中性的) emotional state, and then were presented with a challenging goal. Across all the experiments, anger improved people’s ability to reach their goals compared with a neutral condition in a variety of challenging situations. (为了更好地理解愤怒在实现目标中的作用，研究人员进行了一系列实验，涉及1000多名参与者，并分析了1400多名受访者的调查数据。在每个实验中，参与者要么有情绪反应（如愤怒、娱乐、欲望或悲伤），要么有中性的情绪状态，然后提出一个具有挑战性的目标。在所有的实验中，在各种具有挑战性的情况下，与中性条件相比，愤怒提高了人们实现目标的能力)”可知，这一段主要介绍研究的过程。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our research adds to the growing evidence that a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being, and that using negative emotions as tools can be particularly effective in some situations,” Lench said. (Lench说：“我们的研究增加了越来越多的证据，证明积极和消极情绪的混合可以促进幸福感，在某些情况下，将消极情绪作为工具尤其有效。”)”可知，Lench对这项研究是赞同的态度。故选B。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$