Unit 1 People of achievement 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 1 People of achievement 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24高二下·福建莆田·期中）Marie Curie, born in Sklodovka, Poland in 1876, led a hard life as a girl. Her parents, both teachers, had small salaries and were quite poor, especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health. Marie’s mother suffered from tuberculosis (肺结核) and died of it when Marie was ten. When Marie was small, she showed great interest in science. She loved to study and hoped to become a scientist when she grew up. Her parents encouraged her interest in science. Excellent as she was in her studies, she couldn’t go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college. In order to continue her education, she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University, where she lived a simple life and studied hard, so she graduated with the highest grades in her class. After graduation she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University. There she met Pierre Curie, whom she married. Pierre joined her in her research into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”, which a certain scientist had declared that uranium gave off. The Curie spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation.Finally they succeeded in 1902. Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes, one for physics in 1906, together with her husband and another scientist; the other for chemistry herself in 1911. Madame Curie was a scientist of great achievement, and the first woman ever to be honored in the Nobel Prize history. 1．When Marie was young,her family became poorer because________. A．the family had five children B．Marie’s mother gave up her job C．Marie’s father had a small salary D．the family was cruelly taxed by the Russians 2．Marie couldn’t continue the advanced education because_______. A．she wanted to help her father to support the family B．her father couldn’t afford to send her to college C．colleges in Poland would not take women as students then D．her grades were very poor 3．What proves Marie was the best student in her class is that________. A．her grades were the highest in her class B．she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University C．she did research work after her graduation D．she won the Nobel Prize finally 4．The best title for this passage is _______. A．Madame Curie’s Interest in Science B．Madame Curie and Radiation C．Marie Curie’s Childhood D．A Brief Introduction of Madame Curie’s Life （23-24高一下·甘肃白银·阶段练习）Read Yuan Longping’s information and answer the questions. Name Yuan Longping Nationality Chinese Occupation Scientist Birthdate Sept.7, 1930 education Graduated from southwest agricultural college in 1953 Life goal Finding ways to produce more rice Dream To export his hybrid rice (杂交水稻) so that it can be grown around the globe Achievement In 1973, he developed hybrid rice which produced 20% more than normal rice Hobbies Listening to violin music, playing mahjiong, swimming and reading 5．Which of the following is Yuan Longping’s favourite music? A．Pop music. B．Country music . C．Violin music. D．Piano music. 6．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the form? A．His name. B．His nationality. C．His birthplace. D．His occupation. 7．From the form,we know that ________. A．Yuan Longping developed hybrid rice in 1972. B．Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest College in 1953. C．Yuan Longping was born in 1930. D．Yuan Longping dreamt to win a big prize. 8．According to the form, which of the following is NOT true? A．Yuan Longping was an expert in agriculture. B．Yuan Longping hoped his hybrid rice could be grown only in China. C．Yuan Longping graduated from college when he was 23 years old. D．Yuan Longping’s life goal was to find ways to grow more rice. （23-24高二下·重庆万州·期中）Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in the world. But humor was always a big part of Hawking’s effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he describes how, in 1277, the religious government declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against their belief. “ Interestingly,” the text adds in a humorous way, “ the religious leader was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him. ” Hawking was only 21 when he was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis — ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化). For most people, the condition would have been a disaster. But Hawking rolled over difficulty as if it were just a rock under his wheelchair. “Life would be tragic (悲剧的),” he once said, “ if it weren’t funny. ” So Hawking made jokes. There was the time when talk show host John Oliver asked him about parallel (平行的) universes. “ Does that mean there is a universe out there where I am smarter than you?” Oliver joked. Hawking’s dry reply: “ Yes. And also a universe where you’re funny.” Hawking liked physical humor too. He reportedly enjoyed wheeling his chair over the feet of people who annoyed him, including Prince Charles. “ A malicious (恶意的) rumor,” Hawking said. “ I’ll run over anyone who repeats it. ” Hawking’s greatest hit, humor-wise, was probably the cocktail party he held in 2009. It was a “welcome reception for future time travelers,” he said, so naturally he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “ Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party,” Hawking explained. After all, he never missed a chance to have fun. 9．Why did Hawking mention the death of the religious leader in his book The Grand Design? A．To enhance the credibility of his book. B．To show the result of going against science. C．To illustrate the law of gravity humorously. D．To question the power of the religious government. 10．What’s Hawking’s attitude towards his bad luck in life? A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Ambiguous. D．Confused. 11．Why did nobody show up at the cocktail party held by Hawking? A．People showed no interest in time travel. B．The party was in fact a joke by Hawking. C．There was no such thing as a time traveler. D．The wormhole time machine wasn’t there yet. 12．What can be the best title of this text? A．The Humorous Side of Hawking B．Great Achievements of Hawking C．A Party with No One Attending D．The Personal Life of Hawking （23-24高二上·浙江绍兴·期末）A project called “I Am A Scientist” is giving middle and high school students the opportunity to interact with modern-day researchers. Below are stories from some of the scientists who are involved in the program.Noor Al-Alusi, Epidemiologist (流行病学家) “I have a black belt in Taekwondo (跆拳道). I am driven by a deep desire to help others. I believe that all people have a fundamental right to health care.” Her work: During the Zika epidemic, Al-Alusi met with the communities that had been hardest hit by the virus, using data and mathematical models to keep them safe and healthy. Background: Al-Alusi was born in California but her parents emigrated from Iraq. This experience provided her with an understanding of the health needs of the immigrant community.Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist (神经生物学家) “I’m a huge sports fan. I’ve traveled to more than 40 countries. I’m a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer. I hated science in high school.” His work: Amamoto studies the tiny but amazing brains of animals that have a superpower — the ability to regenerate. He learns what factors help these special brains regrow, so that we can try to treat diseases like Parkinson’s. Background: Amamoto lived in Japan until the age of eight, when his family moved to Chicago. He had to overcome major language barriers which saw him shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home.Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist “I once competed in a robot competition. I love Beyonce. I love cooking. I’m a doctor who studies ways to improve women’s health.” Her work: Connor is a doctor at a hospital in Boston where she studies cancer cells in a lab using microscopes and computers, but she also works directly with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. Background: Growing up in Florida, Connor was a serious kid who stressed about the little things. She was into her schoolwork and loved to put on plays with her friends in which she would organize the whole thing and assign everyone a role. 13．What can the students know about the scientists through the program? A．Their education experience. B．Their gender and religion. C．Their personal interests. D．Their career planning. 14．What is Noor Al-Alusi’s job? A．Studying amazing brains which can regrow. B．Using data and mathematical models to fight against viruses. C．Understanding the health needs of the immigrant community. D．Working with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. 15．Where is the passage probably from? A．A magazine. B．Award words. C．A science paper. D．A health website. （23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank.” In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital. As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War II was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives. With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. He was appointed as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles. 16．What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations? A．The shortage of blood donors. B．The inability to preserve blood. C．The challenge of blood infection. D．The failure to identify blood types. 17．How did Drew contribute to the Blood for Britain campaign? A．He gathered different standards for the blood collection. B．He worked on the bloodmobiles for easy access to donors. C．He helped send life-saving drugs overseas to aid in the war. D．He organized the collection and processing of blood plasma. 18．Which of the following best describes the three-month pilot program? A．Groundbreaking. B．Unpredictable. C．Economical. D．Controversial. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The life of Dr. Charles Drew. B．The inventor of the Blood Bank. C．A Savior of Lives during Wartime. D．A Pioneer in Blood Transportation. （23-24高二上·吉林通化·阶段练习）When Dmitry Ivanovsky was still a student in 1887 he began his work on the Tobacco Mosaic Disease (烟草花叶病). The disease appeared to take hold in tobacco plants early on in their growth cycle, causing green and brown mosaics on the affected leaves. Ivanovsky first repeated and confirmed experiments performed by Adolf Mayer in which he took diseased leaves, extracted their sap ( the liquid in a plant that carries food to all its parts), and injected (注入) the sap into healthy plants. Up to 80% of the healthy plants then became infected in these experiments. Ivanovsky originally thought the disease was bacterial, and so he designed an experiment in which the diseased sap of a tobacco plant was filtered (过滤) through a Chamberland filter-candle which could filter out bacteria and works much like a modern water purifier. After filtering the sap, Ivanovsky injected it into healthy tobacco leaves. When the healthy plants began to show signs of infection, Ivanovsky proved bacterial filtering of diseased sap did not prevent the disease, and thus the infective creatures had to be unlike any bacteria that they had seen before. Additionally, Ivanovsky provided evidence that the creature that was infecting tobacco plants was more of a particle (颗粒) than a liquid. He thought that the disease was more likely caused by either a living creature or a large molecule (分子). In his 1902 research paper he concluded: The sap of diseased plants was infectious; when the infected sap is heated, it is no longer infectious ( heat changes the structure and characteristics of RNA and virus proteins, essentially killing them, so this makes sense); infection through bacteria may cause the disease. It wasn’t until advancements in technology in the early-to-mid 20th century allowed scientists to take the first images of viruses that we were able to identify the Tobacco mosaic virus, and thus separated it from other living creatures such as bacteria and fungi. But it is because of the early work of Ivanovsky and Mayer scientists are able to understand viruses and viral diseases and continue the search for life-saving vaccines for fatal diseases such as COVID-19. 20．What did Adolf Mayer’s experiments prove ? A．The sap of diseased tobacco plants is infectious. B．The mosaics on infected plants are green or brown. C．The disease affects tobacco plants at an early stage. D．The infective creature threatens most tobacco plants. 21．Why did Ivanovsky use a Chamberland filter-candle in his experiment ? A．To put much pressure on infected leaves. B．To add some pure water to the infected sap. C．To filter infected food in the tobacco leaves. D．To remove the infective bacteria in the sap. 22．Which of the following does the author support ? A．Filtering the diseased sap can prevent the disease. B．The infected sap is no longer infectious when heated. C．Some kind of large molecules might cause the disease. D．The unknown creature was more of a liquid than a particle. 23．What was the significance of Ivanovsky’s work ? A．It showed the differences between viruses and bacteria. B．It took the first images of the Tobacco mosaic virus. C．It made later identification of the virus possible. D．It led to an effective life-saving vaccine. （23-24高二下·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Dr. Joseph Dituri, who is 55 and known as “Dr. Deep Sea”, has just finished an amazing adventure. For 100 days, the University of South Florida scientist lived in a small room underwater. He set a new world record, beating the old record of 73 days. The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure. The mission, known as Project Neptune 100, was a scientific attempt to study the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a continuous period. In his undersea room, Dr. Dituri was living with pressure that was about 66% greater than the pressure on the surface. He believed that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older and that it could also help doctors treat different medical problems, including brain injuries. Actually, Dr. Dituri went through several big changes. For one thing, he became 1.3 centimeters shorter during his time at the higher pressure undersea. He was also able to sleep much better. His physical conditions greatly improved in a couple of other ways, too. While he was living underwater, Dr. Dituri stayed busy. He used the project as an educational experience for the youth. “I have communicated with thousands of young people to get them interested in science, technology, engineering and math,” he said. He had online chats with over 5,500 students from 15 different countries. Meanwhile, he kept teaching his college classes and worked with other marine experts to figure out ways to protect and take care of the ocean. Dr. Dituri said his favorite part of the project was talking with young people. “If we can get people excited about science, that would be a great success to me!” he said. “Maybe one day, one of them will come back and break the record I just set. My greatest hope is that I can inspire a new generation of researchers to push back the boundaries.” 24．Why did Dr. Dituri have the adventure? A．To learn how human bodies respond to high pressure. B．To research the underwater life better. C．To draw attention to a healthy lifestyle. D．To beat the previous world record. 25．What happened to Dr. Dituri? A．His state of health stabilized. B．He was forced to live a busy life. C．His height changed slightly. D．He suffered from sleep problems. 26．What does Dr. Dituri want to inspire young people to do through the project? A．Develop enthusiasm for science. B．Challenge themselves bravely. C．Expand scientific boundaries. D．Protect the ocean actively. 27．How can we describe Dr. Dituri? A．He is high-powered and caring. B．He is determined and inspiring. C．He is open-minded and insightful. D．He is committed and optimistic. （23-24高二上·陕西西安·期末）Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American nuclear physicist who has been recognized as “the First Lady of Physics” and “Queen of Nuclear Research”. Her research contributions include work on the Manhattan Project and the Wu experiment. Born in a small town near Shanghai, China, on May 31, 1912, Chien-Shiung Wu was the only daughter of three children. Education was important to the Wu family, which influenced young Wu the most. Her mother, a teacher, and her father, an engineer, encouraged her to pursue science and mathematics from an early age. She began her study in one of the first schools founded by her father, and then went to Suzhou School. Later she attended Shanghai Gong Xue public school for one year. In 1930, Wu entered Nanjing University, where she first pursued mathematics but quickly switched her major to physics, inspired by a famous female scientist, Marie Curie. She graduated with top honors at the head of her class with a B．S. degree in 1934. After graduation, she went to the University of California. There she met Professor Ernest Lawrence, a later Nobel Prize winner. Wu’s graduate work focused on a highly desirable topic of that age: uranium fission (铀裂变) products. After completing her Ph. D．in 1940, Wu accepted an offer from Princeton University as the first female teacher. In 1944, she joined the Manhattan Project at Columbia University. After leaving the Manhattan Project in 1945, Wu spent the rest of her career in the Department of Physics at Columbia. She is best known for conducting the Wu experiment, the discovery of which resulted in her colleagues Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang winning the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, while Wu was not included. Wu was aware of the injustice and at an MIT conference in October of 1964, she stated “I wonder whether the physics symbols have any preference for either male or female treatment.” Wu retired from Columbia in 1981 and devoted her time to educational programs until she died in 1997. 28．What played the most important role in Chien-Shiung Wu’s early education? A．Her father’s school. B．Her family culture. C．Her personal intelligence. D．Her parents’ preference for her. 29．Why did Wu change her major in Nanjing University? A．She desired to learn from a great. B．She wanted to develop her strength. C．She wanted to receive more honors. D．She was tired of studying mathematics. 30．What can be inferred from Wu at an MIT conference? A．She argued for female rights. B．She had no desire for Nobel prize. C．She called on women to study physics. D．She showed respect for people’s preferences. 31．What type of passage is it? A．An exposition B．A news report C．An argumentation D．A narrative writing 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人的艰苦生活和她在科学上的伟大成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Her parents, both teachers, had small salaries and were quite poor, especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health.(她的父母都是教师，工资很低，而且很穷，尤其是在她母亲为了抚养五个孩子和照顾她不好的身体而停止教学之后。)”可知，居里夫人的妈妈放弃了工作来抚养五个孩子和照顾自己身体的时候，家里更贫穷了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Excellent as she was in her studies, she couldn’t go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college.(尽管她的学习成绩很好，但她无法继续接受她所需要的高等教育，因为当时波兰被俄罗斯统治，女性不允许上大学。)”可知，当时的波兰学校里是不收女学生的，C项符合题意。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“In order to continue her education, she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University, where she lived a simple life and studied hard, so she graduated with the highest grades in her class.(为了继续深造，她克服了重重困难，考入了巴黎大学。在巴黎大学，她生活简单，学习刻苦，所以她以全班第一的成绩毕业。)”可知，她毕业时的分数是班上最高的。由此推断，这个事实可以表明她是班上最棒的学生。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了居里夫人的人生中一些重要的事情。所以“A Brief Introduction of Madame Curie’s Life(居里夫人的生活简介)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了袁隆平的具体情况。 5．细节理解题。根据hobbies中的“Listening to violin music”（听小提琴音乐）可知，袁隆平最喜欢小提琴音乐。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。表格中提到了名字；国籍；职业。文章中未提到出生地。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据表格中的“Sept.7,1930”可知，袁隆平出生在1930年。故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据Dream中的“To export his hybrid rice(杂交水稻) so that it can be grown around the globe”（ 把他的杂交水稻出口，以至于在世界各地都能种植）可知，B选项“袁隆平希望他的杂交水稻只在中国种植”错误。故选B项。 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要写了著名的科学家霍金用科学的幽默来对待自己的生活，他把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in the world. But humor was always a big part of Hawking’s effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he describes how, in 1277, the religious government declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against their belief. “ Interestingly,” the text adds in a humorous way, “ the religious leader was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him. ”(霍金也许是世界上最著名的科学家之一。但幽默一直是霍金努力将物理学带给大众的重要组成部分。例如，在他2010年出版的《大设计》一书中，他描述了1277年天主教会如何宣布万有引力等科学定律是错误的，因为它们似乎违背了上帝的理念。“有趣的是，”文字调皮地补充道，“几个月后，教皇约翰被万有引力定律的影响杀死了，当时他的宫殿屋顶掉下来砸在了他身上。”)”可知，教皇约翰否定万有引力，却被万有引力定律的影响杀死了，霍金之所以在他的书中提到教皇约翰，是想以这种幽默的方式向大众展示物理学。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“But Hawking rolled over difficulty as if it were just a rock under his wheelchair. “Life would be tragic (悲剧的),” he once said, “ if it weren’t funny. ”(但霍金克服困难，就好像它只是他轮椅下的一块石头。他曾经说过:“如果生活不有趣，那它就是悲剧。”)”可知，霍金虽然身处逆境，但他对生活的态度是乐观积极的，对生活中的逆境持有的态度。故选B。 11．细节理解题、根据最后一段的“It was a “welcome reception for future time travelers,” he said, so naturally he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “ Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party,” Hawking explained.”(他说，这是一场“欢迎未来时间旅行者的招待会”，所以很自然地，他在派对的第二天就发出了邀清。然而没有人来。“也许有一天，生活在未来的某个人会发现这些信息，并使用虫洞时光机来参加我的派对。”霍金解释道。)”可知，没有人出现在霍金举办的鸡尾酒会上是因为还没有时光机这样的东西。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in the world. But humor was always a big part of Hawking’s effort to bring physics to the masses. (霍金也许是世界上最著名的科学家。但购默一直是霍金努力将物理学带给大众的重要组成部分。)”，第三段第一句“So Hawking made jokes. (所以霍金会讲笑话。)”和最后一段最后一句“After all, he never missed a chance to have fun.(毕竟，他从不错过任何一个玩乐的机会。) ”可知，本文讲述了著名科学家霍金幽默的一面。他把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。因此推断A项“霍金幽默的一面”为最佳标题。故选A。 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项名为“我是科学家”的项目以及参与该项目的一些科学家的故事。 13．细节理解题。通读全文，根据第一段“A project called “I Am A Scientist” is giving middle and high school students the opportunity to interact with modern-day researchers. Below are stories from some of the scientists who are involved in the program.(一项名为“我是科学家”的项目为中学生提供了与现代研究人员互动的机会。以下是参与该项目的一些科学家的故事)”和Noor Al-Alusi, Epidemiologist部分中“I have a black belt in Taekwondo(跆拳道).(我是跆拳道黑带)”和Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist部分中“I’m a huge sports fan. I’ve traveled to more than 40 countries. I’m a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer.(我是个超级体育迷。我去过40多个国家。我有潜水执照，但游泳技术很差)”以及Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist部分中“I once competed in a robot competition. I love Beyonce. I love cooking.(我曾经参加过一个机器人比赛。我喜欢Beyonce。我喜欢烹饪)”可知，文章介绍了参与该项目的一些科学家的个人爱好。由此可知，通过这个项目，学生们能了解科学家的个人兴趣。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据Noor Al-Alusi, Epidemiologist部分中“Her work: During the Zika epidemic, Al-Alusi met with the communities that had been hardest hit by the virus, using data and mathematical models to keep them safe and healthy.(她的工作：在寨卡疫情期间，Al-Alusi会见了受病毒影响最严重的社区，使用数据和数学模型来保证他们的安全和健康)”可知，Noor Al-Alusi的工作是利用数据和数学模型来对抗病毒。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段“A project called “I Am A Scientist” is giving middle and high school students the opportunity to interact with modern-day researchers. Below are stories from some of the scientists who are involved in the program.(一项名为“我是科学家”的项目为中学生提供了与现代研究人员互动的机会。以下是参与该项目的一些科学家的故事)”可推知，这篇文章很可能来自一本杂志。故选A项。 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use.(在20世纪30年代末，人们可以献血，但很少有医院能储存血液供日后使用。)”可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals.(德鲁以长老会医院的血库为模型，制定了从纽约九家医院采集血液和处理血浆的统一程序和标准。)”可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。故选D。 18．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He was appointed as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.(他被任命为一个为期三个月的试点项目的副主任，该项目在纽约大规模生产干血浆，成为第一个红十字会血库的模型。他在这个项目上的创新包括移动献血站，后来被称为血液移动站。)”可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法，由此可推测出，这个试点项目具有开创性（groundbreaking）。故选A。 19．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title ‘Father of the Blood Bank.’(黑人外科医生兼研究员查尔斯·德鲁帮助解决了医学界的这一重大问题，为他赢得了‘血库之父’的称号。)”可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”，由此可推测出，B项“血库的发明者”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 20．A 21．D 22．B 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄国科学家伊凡诺夫斯基的早期研究让病毒被发现成为可能。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Up to 80% of the healthy plants then became infected in these experiments (在这些实验中，多达80%的健康植物被感染)”可知，实验中绝大多数植物被感染了。因此，梅尔的实验证明患病烟草的汁液具有传染性。故选A项。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ivanovsky originally thought the disease was bacterial, and so he designed an experiment in which the diseased sap of a tobacco plant was filtered (过滤) through a Chamberland filter-candle which could filter out bacteria and works much like a modern water purifier. (伊万诺夫斯基最初认为这种疾病是由细菌引起的，所以他设计了一个实验，通过尚柏朗氏烛形滤器过滤烟草植物的病液，这种滤器可以过滤掉细菌，就像现代的净水器一样)”可知，伊凡诺夫斯基在实验中使用这种装置是为了清除汁液中的细菌。故选D项。 22． 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In his 1902 research paper he concluded: The sap of diseased plants was infectious; when the infected sap is heated, it is no longer infectious ( heat changes the structure and characteristics of RNA and virus proteins, essentially killing them, so this makes sense); infection through bacteria may cause the disease. (在他1902年的研究论文中，他得出结论：患病植物的汁液具有传染性;当被感染的汁液被加热时，它不再具有传染性（热量会改变RNA和病毒蛋白质的结构和特征，基本上会杀死它们，所以这是有道理的）；细菌感染可能导致这种疾病。)”可知，作者会同意被感染的汁液加热后不再具有传染性的结论。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It wasn’t until advancements in technology in the early-to-mid 20th century allowed scientists to take the first images of viruses that we were able to identify the Tobacco mosaic virus, and thus separated it from other living creatures such as bacteria and fungi. But it is because of the early work of Ivanovsky and Mayer scientists are able to understand viruses and viral diseases and continue the search for life-saving vaccines for fatal diseases such as COVID-19. (直到20世纪早期到中期，技术的进步使科学家们能够拍摄到第一批病毒图像，我们才能够识别烟草花叶病毒，从而将其与其他生物如细菌和真菌分离开来。但正是由于伊万诺夫斯基和梅尔的早期工作，科学家们才能够了解病毒和病毒性疾病，并继续寻找针对COVID-19等致命疾病的救命疫苗)”可知，因为伊万诺夫斯基和梅尔的早期工作，后来科学家们才能利用技术拍摄病毒的图像，识别烟草花叶病毒。由此推知，伊万诺夫斯基的工作的意义在于它使后来识别这种病毒成为可能。故选C项。 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述为了探索高压环境对人体的影响，55岁的Dr. Dituri在水下特制的房间里成功生活了100天，创下了新的世界纪录。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The farther you go below the ocean’s surface, the greater the pressure. The mission, known as Project Neptune 100, was a scientific attempt to study the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a continuous period. (你越深入海底，压力就越大。这项名为‘海王星100号计划’（Project Neptune 100）的任务是一项科学尝试，旨在研究连续一段时间生活在高压环境下的影响。)”以及“He believed that high pressure could help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older and that it could also help doctors treat different medical problems, including brain injuries.(他认为，随着年龄的增长，高血压可以帮助人们活得更长、更健康，还可以帮助医生治疗各种医疗问题，包括脑损伤。)”可知，Dituri 博士参加这项惊人的冒险是为了了解连续一段时间生活在高压环境下对人体的影响，即人体对高压环境的反应。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Actually, Dr. Dituri went through several big changes. For one thing, he became 1.3 centimeters shorter during his time at the higher pressure undersea. He was also able to sleep much better. His physical conditions greatly improved in a couple of other ways, too.(事实上，Dituri博士经历了几次大的变化。首先，在海底高压环境中，他的身高变矮了1.3厘米。他也能睡得更好了。他的身体状况在其他几个方面也有了很大的改善。)”可知，在海底高压环境中，Dituri博士身高稍微变矮了点，睡眠更好，身体状况在其他几个方面也有了很大的改善。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He used the project as an educational experience for the youth. “I have communicated with thousands of young people to get them interested in science, technology, engineering and math,” he said. (他把这个项目作为对年轻人的一次教育经历。他说：‘我和成千上万的年轻人交流，让他们对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣。’)”以及最后一段中“Dr. Dituri said his favorite part of the project was talking with young people. “If we can get people excited about science, that would be a great success to me!” he said. “Maybe one day, one of them will come back and break the record I just set. My greatest hope is that I can inspire a new generation of researchers to push back the boundaries.”(Dituri博士说，这个项目中他最喜欢的部分是与年轻人交谈。‘如果我们能让人们对科学感到兴奋，那对我来说将是一个巨大的成功! ’他说：‘也许有一天，他们中的一个会回来打破我刚刚创造的记录。我最大的希望是我能激励新一代的研究人员突破界限。’)”可知，Dituri博士想通过这个项目能够让年轻人对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣，激励年轻人培养对科学的热情。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Dr. Joseph Dituri, who is 55 and known as “Dr. Deep Sea”, has just finished an amazing adventure. For 100 days, the University of South Florida scientist lived in a small room underwater. He set a new world record, beating the old record of 73 days.(55岁的约瑟夫·迪图里博士被称为“深海博士”，他刚刚完成了一次惊人的冒险。这位南佛罗里达大学的科学家在水下的一个小房间里住了100天。他创造了一项新的世界纪录，打破了73天的旧纪录。)”可知，Joseph Dituri博士意志非常坚定，他完成了一次惊人的冒险，在水下的一个小房间里住了100天，创造了一项新的世界纪录；由第四段中“He used the project as an educational experience for the youth. “I have communicated with thousands of young people to get them interested in science, technology, engineering and math,” he said. (他把这个项目作为对年轻人的一次教育经历。他说：‘我和成千上万的年轻人交流，让他们对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣。’)”以及最后一段中“Dr. Dituri said his favorite part of the project was talking with young people. “If we can get people excited about science, that would be a great success to me!” he said. “Maybe one day, one of them will come back and break the record I just set. My greatest hope is that I can inspire a new generation of researchers to push back the boundaries.”(Dituri博士说，这个项目中他最喜欢的部分是与年轻人交谈。‘如果我们能让人们对科学感到兴奋，那对我来说将是一个巨大的成功! ’他说：‘也许有一天，他们中的一个会回来打破我刚刚创造的记录。我最大的希望是我能激励新一代的研究人员突破界限。’)”可知，Dituri博士想通过这个项目能够激励年轻人对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣，培养对科学的热情；由此可知，Dituri博士是一位意志坚定的，且激励鼓舞人的科学家。故选B。 28．B 29．A 30．A 31．A 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美籍华裔核物理学家吴建雄。 28． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Education was important to the Wu family, which influenced young Wu the most. Her mother, a teacher, and her father, an engineer, encouraged her to pursue science and mathematics from an early age. (吴建雄家庭重视教育，对年轻的吴建雄影响最大。她的母亲是一名教师，父亲是一名工程师，从小就鼓励她追求科学和数学。)”可知，在吴建雄的早期教育中，她的家庭文化起着最重要的作用。故选B。 29． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 1930, Wu entered Nanjing University, where she first pursued mathematics but quickly switched her major to physics, inspired by a famous female scientist, Marie Curie. (1930年，吴建雄进入南京大学学习数学，但受著名女科学家玛丽·居里的启发，她很快转到物理专业。)”可知，吴建雄在南京大学转专业，因为她想向一位伟大的化学家学习。故选A。 30． 推理判断题。根据第四段的“She is best known for conducting the Wu experiment, the discovery of which resulted in her colleagues Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang winning the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, while Wu was not included. Wu was aware of the injustice and at an MIT conference in October of 1964, she stated “I wonder whether the physics symbols have any preference for either male or female treatment.”(她最出名的是进行钨实验，这一发现使她的同事李宗道和陈宁阳获得了1957年的诺贝尔物理学奖，而吴没有被包括在内。吴建雄意识到了这种不公平，在1964年10月的一次麻省理工学院会议上，她说：“我想知道物理符号是否对男性或女性有所偏爱。”)”可知，吴建雄虽然作出了贡献却没有得到奖励，因此她要为女性争取权利。故选A。 31． 推理判断题。通读全文并根据第一段的“Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American nuclear physicist who has been recognized as “the First Lady of Physics” and “Queen of Nuclear Research”. Her research contributions include work on the Manhattan Project and the Wu experiment.(吴健雄是美籍华裔核物理学家，被公认为“物理学第一夫人”和“核研究女王”。她的研究贡献包括曼哈顿计划和钨实验。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美籍华裔核物理学家吴建雄的科学研究成就，因此这是一篇介绍科学领域著名人物的说明文。故选A。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$