Unit 1 People of achievement 单元话题完形填空练习-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 1 People of achievement 单元话题完形填空练习 （23-24高二上·广东惠州·阶段练习）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 1 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 2 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 3 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 4 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 5 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 6 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 7 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 8 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 9 any information about her. What I 10 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 11 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 12 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 13 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 14 in making science a more diverse and 15 place,” she said. 1．A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 2．A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 3．A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 4．A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 5．A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 6．A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 7．A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 8．A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 9．A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 10．A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 11．A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 12．A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 13．A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 14．A．play B．make C．select D．decide 15．A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider （23-24高二上·辽宁丹东·期末）Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 16 regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) . The family was on a very tight 17 . However, his parents 18 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a 19 for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was 20 to earn a living, he changed to 21 He was not a (n) 22 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 23 school. Later, he owed his success to his 24 . He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 25 some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur’s 26 research was completely self-funded. His wife, Marie, 27 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually, he was able to 28 research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 29 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award 30 in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 16．A．predictions B．discoveries C．methods D．performances 17．A．turn B．schedule C．relationship D．budget 18．A．valued B．overestimated C．sharpened D．assigned 19．A．demand B．temptation C．passion D．inspiration 20．A．unavoidable B．unlikely C．unexpected D．uneventful 21．A．geography B．arithmetic C．politics D．chemistry 22．A．considerate B．intelligent C．lifelong D．intimate 23．A．desired B．approved C．engaged D．varied 24．A．fame B．routine C．perseverance D．blessing 25．A．fundraising B．tackling C．motivating D．occupying 26．A．overnight B．joint C．monthly D．early 27．A．actively B．objectively C．humbly D．nobly 28．A．turn down B．cope with C．work out D．take up 29．A．dedicate B．treat C．find D．commit 30．A．available B．memorable C．favorable D．knowledgeable （23-24高二上·河北邯郸·开学考试）As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation. Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 31 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 32 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city. The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 33 experiments. “The first 34 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 35 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 36 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 37 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production. “Generally speaking, a good new 38 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 39 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 40 , it also should be accepted by the market.”Zhang added that the team 41 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 42 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses. “Agricultural research work is 43 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 44 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 45 on the land,” she said. 31．A．advertising B．developing C．discussing D．observing 32．A．journalist B．teacher C．researcher D．manager 33．A．precise B．efficient C．simple D．expensive 34．A．way B．attempt C．step D．question 35．A．encouragement B．support C．management D．experiment 36．A．begin B．continue C．follow D．repeat 37．A．practice B．application C．declaration D．invitation 38．A．environment B．machine C．farmland D．variety 39．A．produce B．improve C．show D．develop 40．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 41．A．watered B．bought C．protected D．planted 42．A．reporting B．designing C．conducting D．studying 43．A．normal B．tough C．varied D．specific 44．A．end up B．run out C．break up D．pay off 45．A．answers B．comfort C．dreams D．courage （23-24高二上·广东惠州·期中）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 46 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 47 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 48 explosive. After years of 49 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 50 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 51 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 52 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 53 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 54 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 55 . He spent his lifetime alone 56 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 57 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 58 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 59 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 60 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 46．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 47．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 48．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 49．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 50．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 51．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically 52．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 53．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured 54．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 55．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 56．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating 57．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 58．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 59．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 60．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy (遗赠) will 61 for many years”. His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high 62 on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. 63 known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not 64 successful academically. With time, he began to show talents for scientific subjects and decided to read 65 at university. As mathematics was not 66 at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead. Diagnosed with a rare motor neurone disease, Hawking eventually 67 a wheelchair. Though shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics 68 . After the loss of his 69 , he communicated through a speech­-generating device, which 70 him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant. Hawking once 71 how he felt when first informed of his disease, 72 that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I can’t be more 73 my life, ” he said. Hawking also gained popularity 74 the academic world and appeared in several TV shows. He was featured in the film The Theory of Everything, which 75 his rise to fame and relationship with his first wife, Jane. 61．A．live on B．hold on C．hang on D．catch on 62．A．evaluation B．request C．value D．standard 63．A．Unless B．When C．Although D．Because 64．A．necessarily B．completely C．particularly D．initially 65．A．physics B．mathematics C．science D．chemistry 66．A．awesome B．available C．admirable D．alternative 67．A．brought in B．resulted in C．ended in D．put forward 68．A．regardless B．otherwise C．indeed D．furthermore 69．A．movement B．speech C．sense D．writing 70．A．allowed B．forced C．encouraged D．got 71．A．recalled B．fancied C．addressed D．commented 72．A．declaring B．assuming C．insisting D．arguing 73．A．cautious of B．strict with C．satisfied with D．fed up with 74．A．within B．around C．towards D．outside 75．A．analyzed B．confirmed C．charted D．traced （23-24高二上·陕西宝鸡·期中）Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong 76 for knowledge, he continued to study, 77 a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later 78 as a miracle year in science, he 79 four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous 80 the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to 81 his job at the patent office and enter 82 full-time at a university. In 1922, he was 83 the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his 84 of the photoelectric effect. Circumstances 85 in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of 86 institutions closed to him. 87 , he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally 88 a job at the institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA． 89 that, he continued to make great 90 in physics and mathematics. 76．A．liquid B．phrase C．passion D．crisis 77．A．earning B．digesting C．bending D．leaking 78．A．boiled B．integrated C．revealed D．recorded 79．A．defeated B．published C．adopted D．bowed 80．A．over B．for C．above D．throughout 81．A．attain B．bend C．quit D．stretch 82．A．research B．draft C．mode D．cheek 83．A．evaluated B．awarded C．founded D．employed 84．A．explanation B．instance C．tendency D．valley 85．A．persuaded B．blessed C．differed D．changed 86．A．essential B．academic C．reliable D．visible 87．A．Apparently B．Slightly C．Consequently D．Entirely 88．A．generated B．inquired C．wandered D．obtained 89．A．Inferring B．Following C．Switching D．Swinging 90．A．characteristics B．prospect C．achievements D．innovation （23-24高二上·陕西渭南·阶段练习）Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. Even 91 will be recognized by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger(使者) of Peace. But one woman has 92 all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and made great discoveries. Jane Goodall’s lifelong 93 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Goodall 94 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls didn’t think of having such “wild” actions. But she was 95 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of 96 and never give up looking for a way. When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957, she readily 97   it. Within a few months of her arrival, she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家) Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Coodall was the 98 person he was looking for to begin a 99 of wild chimps on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania. In the beginning, studying the chimps was not easy for her. The animals fled(逃走) from her 100 . With a strong 101 , she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps became used to her presence. In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using 102 to fish for termites(白蚁). This discovery threw 103 on the popular idea at the time that man was the world’s only toolmaker. The longer Goodall’s research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very 104 to humans. Since the mid-1980s, Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people’s sense about environmental 105 . “Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.” she said. 91．A．fewer B．more C．less D．much 92．A．seen B．found C．achieved D．realised 93．A．study B．interest C．sense D．dream 94．A．was fond of B．was tired of C．insisted on D．dreamed of 95．A．encouraged B．prevented C．advised D．forced 96．A．money B．youth C．hope D．chances 97．A．accepted B．refused C．received D．considered 98．A．wrong B．fool C．special D．beautiful 99．A．project B．study C．centre D．career 100．A．in surprise B．in a hurry C．in order D．in fear 101．A．will B．body C．view D．brain 102．A．feet B．tools C．holes D．hands 103．A．doubt B．light C．answers D．beliefs 104．A．close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful 105．A．improvement B．protection C．pollution D．destruction （23-24高二上·云南昆明·阶段练习）Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine). It was reported that he suffered from different 106 when he was young. His own sufferings inspired him to be a 107 . Even in tough circumstances, he wasn’t 108 but became a doctor successfully in 1920, insisting on 109 poor ordinary people free of charge. One day, he 110 a patient with little hair. Upon knowing his illness, he consulted ancient medical records and started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties to find a traditional 111 treatment. He bought medical devices which could boil distinct plants. He used the liquid 112 to treat his hair, which 113 a great success. Consequently, he inferred that a substance called Garden Balsam Stem (透骨草) 114 worked. Afterwards it was indeed an honor for him to take up a position in the academic 115 of TCM. Out of passion for his job, he 116 his own clinic and gradually discovered new crucial 117 for different skin problems. In his later years, he wrote a book with many flow charts, which plays a 118 role in the development of modern TCM. To sum up, Professor Zhao, 119 himself to doing extraordinary scientific research on TCM throughout his whole life, will be forever 120 by Chinese people. 106．A．evaluations B．diseases C．theories D．devices 107．A．genius B．politician C．doctor D．novelist 108．A．ignored B．signaled C．permitted D．defeated 109．A．treating B．analyzing C．maintaining D．inferring 110．A．indicated B．judged C．encountered D．pursued 111．A．gentle B．botanical C．objective D．moral 112．A．obtained B．reflected C．drafted D．recycled 113．A．took up B．figured out C．tripped over D．turned out 114．A．externally B．financially C．apparently D．shallowly 115．A．element B．institution C．conclusion D．option 116．A．decorated B．monitored C．spotted D．founded 117．A．cures B．resources C．patents D．consequences 118．A．flexible B．vital C．passive D．precious 119．A．addicting B．adapting C．committing D．seeking 120．A．complained B．impressed C．replaced D．respected 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家Jess Wade为一些被忽视的科学人士撰写维基百科页面的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. achievements成就；B. potentials潜能；C. ambitions野心，抱负；D. demands要求。根据前文“female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”及“have been remarkable”可知，科学家、工程师和数学家改变了世界，取得了非凡的成就。故选A项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. naturally通常；B. regularly有规律地；C. permanently永久地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“great scientific pioneers who may be ignored”及前文“But”可知，尽管这些人取得了非凡的成就，但是很少有人关注他们的故事。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. read读；B. choose选择；C. share分享；D. appreciate感激，欣赏。根据下文“writing Wikipedia pages”可知，Jess想要写维基百科来分享这些被忽视的科学先驱的故事。故选C项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. thought little of看不起，轻视；B. passed down传递；C. came up with想出；D. left out省略。根据“she___4___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.”可知，Jess想出了一个独特的让大家了解他们的方法。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. goal目标；B. progress进步；C. responsibility责任；D. number数字。根据“is small in comparison to that of men”并结合常识可知，女性在科学领域的数量少于男性。故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. concepts概念；B. models模范，榜样；C. rules规则；D. followers追随者。根据后文“Wade___7___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb”可知，Kim Cobb是Jess的榜样，是她视作模范的一个女科学家。故选B项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当韦德还是研究生的时候，她遇到了一位鼓舞人心的科学女性，布朗大学的气候科学家金·科布。A. referred to参考，表明；B. turned down拒绝；C. came across遇见；D. took in吸收。根据下文“when I met her”可知，Jess研究生时遇到了Kim Cobb。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我见到她的时候，我觉得她是一个了不起的人，我需要更多地了解她。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. serious严肃的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“I need to learn more about her”及“When I did a little search”可知，作者遇到Kim Cobb时，觉得她了不起，所以对她进行了一点调查研究。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做了一些搜索，我找不到任何关于她的信息。A. remember记得；B. identify识别；C. offer提供；D. find找到。根据下文“What I___10___was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”及“I couldn’t___9___any information about her.”可知，作者找不到Kim Cobb的信息。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要的是一个维基百科页面，但那里没有。A. wanted想要；B. accepted接受；C. recommended推荐；D. acknowledged认可。根据下文“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，作者想要找到关于Kim Cobb的信息，但是没有找到，所以才想到自己为她写信息。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是韦德产生这个想法的原因——开始为尚未拥有维基百科的不同科学人士编写维基百科页面。A. help帮助；B. idea想法；C. belief信念；D. order命令，秩序。根据“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，在维基百科上为不同的科学人士写页面这是Jess的想法。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的空闲时间，韦德搜索互联网收集信息，然后她开始写维基百科页面。A. collect收集；B. post发布，邮寄；C. manage管理，设法；D. correct更正。根据“searches the Internet”可知，搜索信息是为了收集信息。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德现在在科学界有了自己的名声，她知道如果没有那些前辈，她就不会有今天。A. suggestion建议；B. will意志，心愿；C. name名声；D. request要求。根据“she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her.”可知，先锋的启发和激励让Jess自己也成为了获得名声的科学人士。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. play扮演；B. make制作，成为；C. select挑选；D. decide决定。根据“have a role to”可知，play a role为固定短语，意思为：扮演一个角色。故选A项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. safer更安全的；B. fairer更公平的；C. quieter更安静的；D. wider更宽的。根据“a more diverse”可知，空处形容词与diverse并列，结合上文讲述的有些科学人士做出贡献却没有名字信息可知，作者认为我们有责任让科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。故选B项。 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献，包括他在化学和微生物学领域的卓越发现、对疫苗接种和巴氏灭菌法的贡献，以及他建立巴斯德研究所的初衷和目的。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位法国化学家和微生物学家在疫苗接种、微生物发酵和巴氏灭菌法方面取得了卓越的科学发现。A. predictions预测；B. discoveries发现；C. methods方法；D. performances表演。根据下文“regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) .”可知，这些都是科学发现。故选B。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭的预算很紧。A. turn轮流；B. schedule时间表；C. relationship关系；D. budget预算。根据空后的“however”以及下文的“his parents ____3____ education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的父母重视教育，并资助他去他们负担得起的最好的学校。A. valued珍视；B. overestimated过高估计；C. sharpened使尖锐；D. assigned分配。根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去好的学校。故选A。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pasteur酷爱绘画。A. demand要求；B. temptation诱惑；C. passion热情；D. inspiration灵感。根据下文“When he realized that art was ____5____ to earn a living, he changed to ____6____”可知，Pasteur对艺术有着热情。故选C。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。A. unavoidable无法避免的；B. unlikely不可能；C. unexpected意外的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，艺术并不太可能谋生。故选B。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。A. geography地理；B. arithmetic算术；C. politics政治；D. chemistry化学。根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific ____1____ regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) .”可知，他后来成为了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。故选D。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不是一个聪明的学生，但他一旦专心学习就非常努力。A. considerate体贴的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. lifelong终身的；D. intimate亲密的。根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it”以及“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ____8____ school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试了三次才通过考试，进入了他心仪的学校。A. desired渴望的；B. approved同意；C. engaged雇佣、参加；D. varied改变、变化。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常理可知，他是最终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他把自己的成功归功于坚持不懈。A. fame名声、名望；B. routine例行公事；C. perseverance毅力；D. blessing祝福。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ____8____ school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在解决一些最困难的科学问题上的努力和毅力给资深科学家留下了深刻的印象。A. fundraising筹款；B. tackling处理；C. motivating激励；D. occupying占据。根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems.”可推测，空处指的是“解决、处理”。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Pasteur早期的研究完全是自费的。A. overnight整晚的；B. joint联合的；C. monthly每月的；D. early早的。根据下文的“His wife, Marie, ____12____ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.”以及“Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to ____14____ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。故选D。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Marie积极支持他的工作，并在实验室担任他的助手。A. actively积极地；B. objectively客观地；C. humbly谦卑地；D. nobly崇高地。根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。故选A。 28．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：随着他逐渐成名，他能够在更多的大机构担任研究职位。A. turn down拒绝；B. cope with处理；C. work out解决；D. take up从事。根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他建立了巴斯德研究所，以寻找和预防疾病的原因，特别是狂犬病。A. dedicate致力于；B. treat对待；C. find找到；D. commit犯罪、承诺。根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可推测，空处指的是“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常受人尊敬，赢得了他所在领域的几乎所有奖项。A. available可得到的、可使用的；B. memorable难忘的；C. favorable有利的；D. knowledgeable博学的。根据上文的“He was highly respected and won just about every award”可推测，他是赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。故选A。 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里开发了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献。A. advertising做广告；B. developing开发；C. discussing讨论；D. observing观察。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是研发小麦。故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：50岁的她是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员，被称为“小麦之母”。A. journalist记者；B. teacher老师；C. researcher研究者；D. manager经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选C。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一步是为特定的培养目的找到合适的亲本类型。A. way方法；B. attempt尝试；C. step步骤；D. question问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的亲本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选C。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的实验和选择，当特征保持稳定时，我们开始为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. experiment实验。根据“selection”和常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. begin开始；B. continue继续；C. follow跟着；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经多轮试验后，申请审评批准，方可投入市场生产。A. practice练习；B. application应用，申请；C. declaration宣布；D. invitation邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充说:“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，对恶劣条件有良好的抵抗力。”A. environment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产；B. improve提高，改善；C. show展示；D. develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。 40．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合后文“it also should be accepted by the market”和语境可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万到8万棵幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bought购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一年到头都在忙着对新苗的生长进行实验，做记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行，实施；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. normal正常的；B. tough艰难的；C. varied各种各样的，形形色色的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选B。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. run out用完；C. break up破裂；D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is ____13____ and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所能做的就是多思考，多讨论，在土地上找到答案。A. answers回答；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．D 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. preparing准备。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive.”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 50．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 60．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。 61．A 62．C 63．C 64．D 65．A 66．B 67．C 68．A 69．B 70．A 71．A 72．B 73．C 74．D 75．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了传奇物理学家霍金的伟大成就以及人们对他的高度评价。激励人们向他学习， 战胜困难取得成功。 61．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对他的家人来说，他是“一位伟大的科学家，一位非凡的人，他的工作和遗赠会继续存在很长时间”。A. live on以......为生； B. hold on坚持， 继续拥有； C. hang on握住不放； D, catch on理解， 明白， 变得流行。根据后文的“for many years”可知，他的工作和遗赠会继续存在很长时间。故选A项。 62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母都是牛津大学的毕业生，他们非常重视教育，经常看到家人在吃饭时看书。A. evaluation评价， 评估； B. request要求， 请求； C. value价值，重要性； D. standard标准。根据后文的“family members were often seen reading books at dinner.”可知，他的父母非常重视教育。短语place a high value on“高度重视”。故选C项。 63．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管在学校被称为“爱因斯坦”，霍金最初在学业上并不成功。A. Unless除非；B. When什么时候；C. Although尽管；D. Because因为。根据后文的“known at school as “Einstein””和“Hawking was not 4 successful academically”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用althoug引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故选C项。 64．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管在学校被称为“爱因斯坦”，霍金最初在学业上并不成功。A. necessarily必要地；B. completely完全地；C. particularly尤其，特别；D. initially起初，最初。根据后文的“With time, he began to show talents for scientific subjects”可知，随着时间的推移，他开始表现出对科学学科的天赋，但霍金最初在学业上并不成功。故选D项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他开始表现出对科学学科的天赋，并决定在大学里攻读物理学。A. physics物理；B. mathematics数学；C. science科学；D. chemistry化学。根据前文的“he began to show talents for scientific subjects”和后句“Hawking chose physics instead”可知，霍金开始表现出对科学学科的天赋，后来选择了物理学。根据常识可知霍金是一名伟大的物理学家。故选A项。 66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时的牛津大学并没有数学学科，所以他选择了物理。A. awesome令人敬畏的，可怕的，极好的；B. available可利用的，可得到的；C. admirable令人羡慕的；D. alternative可供选择的。根据前文的“mathematics”和后文的“at Oxford then”可知，那时在牛津大学数学学科是不可获得的，即牛津大学并没有数学学科。故选B项。 67．考查动词短语辨析。句意：被诊断为罕见的运动神经疾病，霍金最终坐上了轮椅。 A. brought in带来，引进；B. resulted in导致；C. ended in以……结束；D. put forward提出。根据后文的“a wheelchair”可知，霍金最终坐上了轮椅。故选C项。 68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管震惊和痛苦，霍金不顾一切地继续他的物理研究。A. regardless不管不顾；B. otherwise否则，要不然；C. indeed实际上；D. furthermore而且。根据前文的“Diagnosed with a rare motor neurone disease, Hawking eventually 7 a wheelchair. Though shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics”可知，霍金坐上了轮椅，尽管震惊和痛苦，他不顾一切地继续他的研究。故选A项。 69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在失去语言能力后，他通过一个语音生成设备进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下创作《时间简史》。A. movement运动； B. speech讲话； C. sense感觉； D. writing写作。根据后文“he communicated through a speech­-generating device”可知，他通过发声装置与他人交流，说明他丧失了语言能力。故选B项。 70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在失去语言能力后，他通过一个语音生成设备进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下创作《时间简史》。A. allow允许，让；B. force强迫，迫使；C. encourage鼓励；D. get得到，理解。根据前文的“he communicated through a speech­-generating device”和后文“him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant.”可知，这个设备使他能够在助手的帮助下创作《时间简史》。故选A项。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾回忆起他第一次被告知自己患病时的感受，当时他以为自己永远不会意识到自己的潜力。A. recalled回忆；B. fancied幻想；C. addressed处理；D. commented评论。根据后文的“how he felt when first informed of his disease”可知，他第一次被告知自己患病时的感受，这是霍金回忆的。故选A项。 72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾回忆起他第一次被告知自己患病时的感受，当时他以为自己永远不会意识到自己的潜力。A. declaring宣布；B. assuming认为；C. insisting坚持；D. arguing争论，辩论。根据前文的“when first informed of his disease”和后文“he would never realize his potential”可知，本句表示霍金当时对人生的看法，以为自己永远不会意识到自己的潜力。 故选B项。 73．考查固定短语辨析。句意：“但现在，50年过去了，我对自己的生活再满意不过了，”他说。A. cautious of小心的，谨慎的；B. strict with对……严格；C. satisfied with对……满足；D. fed up with厌恶。根据前文的“Hawking once 11 how he felt when first informed of his disease, 12 that he would never realize his potential.”和空前的But可知，现在霍金对生活的看法与以前的看法构成转折关系。本句中can’t和比较级连用表示最高级的含义，表示霍金对自己的成就非常满意。故选C项。 74．考查介词词义辨析。句意：霍金在学术界之外也很受欢迎，并出现在几部电视节目中。A. within在内部；B. around围绕；C. towards朝着；D. outside外部。根据后文“appeared in several TV shows”可知，他出现在几个电视节目中，故可知在学术界之外，霍金也很受欢迎。故选D项。 75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：电影《万物理论》以“霍金”为主角，这部电影描绘了他的成名历程以及他与第一任妻子Jane的关系。A. analyzed分析；B. confirmed确认；C. charted记录，记述；D. tracked追踪。根据后文的“his rise to fame and relationship with his first wife, Jane.”可知，《万物理论》记述了他的成名历程以及他与第一任妻子Jane的关系。故选C项。 76．C 77．A 78．D 79．B 80．D 81．C 82．A 83．B 84．A 85．D 86．B 87．C 88．D 89．B 90．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了物理学家爱因斯坦的生平和取得的成就。 76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈激情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。A. liquid液体；B. phrase短语；C. passion激情；D. crisis危机。由下文“he continued to study,”可知，他在工作期间继续学习，这说明他渴望知识，即对知识充满激情，故选C。 77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈激情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。A. earning赚，赢得，博得；B. digesting消化；C. bending弯曲；D. leaking泄露。由下文“a doctorate in physics in 1905”和上文提到他渴望知识，在工作期间继续学习可知，他最终获得了物理学博士学位，故选A。 78．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文，这一年后来被记录为科学界的奇迹年。A. boiled煮沸；B. integrated合并；C. revealed揭示；D. recorded记录。下文“four extraordinary physics papers.”提到他在这一年内发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文可知，这一年后来被人们记录为科学界的奇迹年，故选D。 79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文，这一年后来被记录为科学界的奇迹年。A. defeated击败；B. published公布，发表；C. adopted采取；D. bowed鞠躬。由下文“four extraordinary physics papers.”可知，此处指他发表了四篇论文，故选B。 80．考查介词词词义辨析。句意： 此后，他逐渐成为世界闻名的新艾萨克牛顿。A. over在……上面；B. for为了；C. above在……上；D. throughout遍及。throughout the world意为“世界各地”，由下文“the world as the new Isaac Newton”和上文提到了他在一年内发表了四篇论文，取得了非凡的成就可知，他逐渐在世界各地有名起来，故选D。 81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，在一所大学全职从事研究工作。A. attain获得；B. bend弯曲；C. quit停止，放弃；D. stretch伸展。下文“enter________full-time at a university”提到了他进入一所大学工作，由此可知，他辞去了之前在专利局的工作，故选C。 82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，在一所大学全职从事研究工作。A. research研究；B. draft草稿；C. mode模型；D. cheek脸颊。由下文“In 1922, he was_______the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his________of the photoelectric effect.”可知，他与1922年获得诺贝尔物理奖，由此可知，他进入大学是从事研究工作，故选A。 83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。A. evaluated评估；B. awarded授予；C. founded建立；D. employed雇佣。由下文“the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics”可知他被授予诺贝尔物理学奖，故选B。 84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。A. explanation解释；B. instance例子；C. tendency趋势；D. valley峡谷。由下文“of the photoelectric effect”和上文提到他获得诺贝尔物理学奖可知，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选A。 85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：局势在1933年发生了变化，当时希特勒在德国掌权。A. persuaded劝说；B. blessed祝福；C. differed不同；D. changed改变。由下文“when Hitler came to power in Germany.”可知，1933年希特勒在德国掌权，这说明局势发生了变化，故选D。 86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。A. essential有必要的；B. academic学术的；C. reliable可靠的；D. visible看得见的。由下文“institutions closed to him”和上文提到的1933年德国局势发生变化，希特勒掌权，犹太人遭到迫害，而Einstein是犹太人，结合上文提到他一直进行学术研究可知，他认为学术机构的大门对他关闭了。故选B。 87．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。A. Apparently明显地；B. Slightly轻微地；C. Consequently结果，因此；D. Entirely完全。上文提到1933年德国局势发生变化，希特勒掌权，犹太人遭到迫害，而牛顿是犹太人可知，他不得不逃离德国。故选C。 88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在欧洲呆了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份工作。A. generated生成；B. inquired调查；C. wandered游荡；D. obtained获得。由下文“a job at the institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA”可知，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院获得了一份工作，故选D。 89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大的成就。A. Inferring推断；B. Following跟随，排在……后；C. Switching改变，交换；D. Swinging改变。此处that代指上文提到的他在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份工作，由下文“he continued to”可知，前后是时间先后关系，此处在描述之后的事情。故选B。 90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大的成就。A. characteristics特点；B. prospect前景；C. achievements成就；D. innovation创新。由上文“he continued to make great”和常识可知，爱因斯坦在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院工作后，继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大的成就。故选C。 91．A 92．C 93．B 94．D 95．A 96．D 97．A 98．C 99．B 100．D 101．A 102．B 103．A 104．B 105．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Jane Goodall的事迹——她喜欢动物，将研究动物作为自己的事业，并取得了一些成就。 91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：甚至更少会有人将得到全世界的承认，享有联合国和平使者的称号。A. fewer更少；B. more更多；C. less更少；D. much许多。根据前文“Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career.”和后文“by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger (使者) of Peace”可知，喜欢动物的孩子有很多，但很少会将研究动物作为职业，而将研究动物作为职业，并且取得成就，进而为整个世界所认可的就更少了。修饰可数名词children用fewer，less是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词。故选A项。 92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。A. seen看；B. found发现；C. achieved完成，达到；D. realised意识到。But前后形成对比关系，上文提到很少有人能做到的事情，此处强调Jane Goodall做到了，“被全世界认可和享有联合国和平使者的头衔”这些都是非凡的成就，是她做到了这一切。故选C。 93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。A. study研究，学习；B. interest兴趣；C. sense感觉；D. dream梦想。根据下文中“This was quite a strange dream in those days(这在当时是一个相当奇怪的梦想)”可知珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。故选B。 94．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，简梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。A. was fond of喜欢；B. was tired of对……感到厌倦；C. insisted on坚持；D. dreamed of梦想。根据“This was quite a strange dream”可知，Jane梦想着去非洲和动物们在一起。故选D。 95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她追寻梦想。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. advised建议；D. forced迫使，强迫。根据下文“She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.(她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法)”可知，母亲鼓励她去追寻梦想。故选A。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法。A. money钱；B. youth青年，青春；C. hope希望；D. chances机会。根据上文“she should work hard, take advantage of”可知，母亲鼓励她，如果想要什么，就要努力，充分利用机会，不放弃。故选D项。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请简去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。A. accepted接受；B. refused拒绝；C. received接收；D. considered考虑。根据下文“Within a few months of her arrival”可知，Jane欣然接受了朋友的邀请。故选A。 98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. wrong错误的；B. fool愚蠢的；C. special特别的；D. beautiful漂亮的。根据上文内容可知，Jane一直以来的梦想是和动物生活在一起，而在当时的人看来是奇怪的，因此路易斯·李基博士认为她是特别的人。故选C。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. project工程；B. study研究；C. centre中心；D. career职业生涯。根据后文“In the beginning, studying the chimps”可知，此处表示开始了对黑猩猩的研究。故选B。 100．考查介词短语辨析。句意：动物们害怕地逃离了她。A. in surprise惊奇地；B. in a hurry匆忙地；C. in order有序；整齐；D. in fear害怕地。根据下文“Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.(渐渐地，黑猩猩们习惯了她的存在)”可知，一开始由于不熟悉，黑猩猩因为害怕逃走了。故选D。 101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。A. will意志力；B. body身体；C. view观点；D. brain脑。根据“she searched the forest every day”可知，虽然刚开始研究并不顺利，但是Jane有着坚强的意志。故选A。 102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕食白蚁。A. feet英尺；脚；B. tools工具；C. holes洞；D. hand手。根据下文中“that man was the world's only toolmaker”可知，设空处对应的信息词是toolmaker，tool符合语境。故选B。 103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发现对人类是世界上唯一的工具制造者这一普遍观点提出了质疑。A. doubt疑惑；B. light光；C. answer答案；D. beliefs信念。throw doubt on 是固定短语，意为“对……产生疑问”，符合语境，黑猩猩能够使用工具对仅有人类能够使用工具的观点提出了质疑。故选A。 104．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。 A. close亲密的；B. similar相似的；C. friendly友好的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据上文“In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using tools to fish for termites(1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁)”可知，随着研究的深入，她发现了黑猩猩与人类的相似之处。故选B。 105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，Goodall一直在世界各地演讲，以提高人们的环保意识。A. improvement改善；B. protection保护；C. pollution污染；D. destruction破坏。根据后文“Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.(让我们怀着希望、尊重一切生物、理解和爱生活在新时代)”以及结合上下文，她研究的是动物，她演讲中呼吁大家尊重所有的生物（包括动物），保护所有生物，以及他们的生存环境。同时结合常识判断，这里她是通过自己的演讲提升人们的环保意识。故选B。 106．B 107．C 108．D 109．A 110．C 111．B 112．A 113．D 114．C 115．B 116．D 117．A 118．B 119．C 120．D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了赵明教授为中医的发展做出了杰出贡献而被公认为最伟大的医生之一。 106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道，他年轻时患过各种疾病。A. evaluations评审；B. diseases疾病；C. theories理论；D. devices设备。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors”以及“It was reported that he suffered from different”可知，他成为医生，结合选项，此处应是“患过各种疾病”符合实际。故选B项。 107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他自己的苦难激励他成为一名医生。A. genius天才；B. politician政客；C. doctor医生；D. novelist小说家。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors”可知，他成为了医生。故选C项。 108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在艰难的环境下，他也没有被打败，而是在1920年成功地成为一名医生，坚持为贫穷的普通人免费治疗。A. ignored忽视；B. signaled表明；C. permitted允许；D. defeated击败。根据前文“Even in tough circumstances”，以及后文“became a doctor successfully in 1920”可知，此处应是“即使在艰难的环境下，他也没有被打败，而是在1920年成功地成为一名医生”之意符合语境。故选D项。 109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在艰难的环境下，他也没有被打败，而是在1920年成功地成为一名医生，坚持为贫穷的普通人免费治疗。A. treating治疗；B. analyzing分析；C. maintaining保持；D. inferring推断。根据前文“became a doctor successfully in 1920”可知，他是一名医生，所以是坚持为贫穷的普通人免费治疗。故选A项。 110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，他遇到了一个头发很少的病人。A. indicated表明；B. judged判断；C. encountered遇到；D. pursued追求。根据后文“Upon knowing his illness, he consulted ancient medical records and started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties”可知，他开始治疗病人，所以此处是遇到了病人。故选C项。 111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：得知病情后，他查阅了古代的医疗记录，并开始评估不同植物的药用特性，寻找一种传统的植物治疗方法。A. gentle温柔的；B. botanical植物学的；C. objective客观的；D. moral道德的。根据前文“started to evaluate different plants for their medical properties”可知，开始评估不同植物的药用特性，所以是寻找一种传统的植物治疗方法。故选B项。 112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用得到的液体治疗头发，结果非常成功。A. obtained获得；B. reflected反映；C. drafted起草；D. recycled回收利用。根据前文“He used the liquid”以及后文“to treat his hair”结合实际可知，中药一般都是熬成药水，所以是获得的液体去治疗符合实际。故选A项。 113．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他用得到的液体治疗头发，结果非常成功。A. took up占用；B. figured ou解决；C. tripped over绊倒；D. turned out结果是。根据后文“a great success”结合选项可知，应是“结果非常成功”符合语境。故选D项。 114．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他推断一种叫做“透骨草”的物质显然是有效的。A. externally外部地；B. financially财政上；C. apparently显然地；D. shallowly浅浅地。根据前文“which 　　　　8　　　　 a great success”可知，他研究的草药成功了，所以他推测是这种物质显然是有效的。故选C项。 115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在中医学术机构任职，确实是一种荣誉。A. element元素；B. institution机构；C. conclusion结论；D. option选项。根据前文“it was indeed an honor for him to take up a position”可知，任职是一种荣誉，所以应是在中医学术机构任职符合实际。故选B项。 116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于对工作的热爱，他创办了自己的诊所，并逐渐发现了针对不同皮肤问题的新的关键治疗方法。A. decorated装饰；B. monitored监视；C. spotted发现；D. founded建立。根据前文“Out of passion for his job”可知，他热爱自己的工作，所以是创办了自己的诊所。故选D项。 117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于对工作的热爱，他创办了自己的诊所，并逐渐发现了针对不同皮肤问题的新的关键治疗方法。A. cures治愈；B. resources资源；C. patents专利权；D. consequences后果。根据前文的discovered以及后文“for different skin problems”结合选项可知，应是发现针对不同皮肤问题的治疗方法符合实际。故选A项。 118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚年，他写了一本有许多流程图的书，对现代中医的发展起了至关重要的作用。A. flexible灵活的；B. vital至关重要的；C. passive消极的；D. precious珍贵的。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM”可知，赵明对中医有杰出贡献，所以他写的流程图的书，是起到至关重要的作用。故选B项。 119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，赵教授终其一生致力于中医科学研究，将永远受到中国人民的尊敬。A. addicting使上瘾；B. adapting使适应；C. committing承诺；D. seeking寻求。根据前文“Zhao Ming was acknowledged as one of the greatest doctors for his remarkable contributions to TCM”可知，赵明对中医有杰出贡献，所以他应是一生致力于中医科学研究，此处是固定搭配commit to意为“使（自己）致力于（某事或做 某事）”符合语境。故选C项。 120．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，赵教授终其一生致力于中医科学研究，将永远受到中国人民的尊敬。A. complained抱怨；B. impressed使铭记；C. replaced取代；D. respected尊敬。根据前文“To sum up, Professor Zhao, 　　　　14　　　　 ，himself to doing extraordinary scientific research on TCM throughout his whole life”可知，赵教授终其一生致力于中医科学研究，所以是受到中国人民的尊敬。故选D项。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$