05. 阅读理解说明文+议论文专题（3） 2022-2024年高考英语三年真题分类汇编 （全文翻译+解析）

05. 【全文翻译+解析】——阅读理解说明文+议论文（3） 2022-2024年高考英语三年真题分类汇编 【内容导航】 【整体说明】 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年新高考II卷高考真题B篇） 2. （2024年新高考II卷高考真题C篇） 3. （2024年新高考II卷高考真题D篇） 4. （2023年新高考II卷高考真题C篇） 5. （2023年新高考II卷高考真题D篇） 6. （2022年新高考II卷高考真题C篇） 7. （2022年新高考II卷高考真题D篇） 【整体说明】 年份 卷别 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 推理判断题 体裁分布 命题趋势 2024 全国甲卷 5 1 1 5 B/C说明文；D议论文 1. 近三年说明文阅读理解主要考查以下题型：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。 2. 从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。 3. 说明文和议论文中的长词、长难句结构划分和拆解成为阅读的难点。 2023 全国甲卷 4 4 C/D说明文 2022 全国甲卷 5 2 1 C说明文；D夹叙夹议文 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年全国甲卷B篇阅读理解） Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 2. （2024年全国甲卷C篇阅读理解） The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 3. （2024年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解） “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending? A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 4. （2023年全国甲卷C篇阅读理解） I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 31. What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 5. （2023年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解） Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 6. （2022年全国甲卷C篇阅读理解） Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 27. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters 7. （2022年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解） Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city. “I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted. “How do you mean?” I asked. “Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.” Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).” On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.” He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life. C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries. 34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress. C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international. 35. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A. A city can be young and old at the same time. B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic. C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 05. 【全文翻译+解析】——阅读理解说明文+议论文（3） 2022-2024年高考英语三年真题分类汇编 【内容导航】 【整体说明】 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年新高考II卷高考真题B篇） 2. （2024年新高考II卷高考真题C篇） 3. （2024年新高考II卷高考真题D篇） 4. （2023年新高考II卷高考真题C篇） 5. （2023年新高考II卷高考真题D篇） 6. （2022年新高考II卷高考真题C篇） 7. （2022年新高考II卷高考真题D篇） 【整体说明】 年份 卷别 细节理解题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 推理判断题 体裁分布 命题趋势 2024 全国甲卷 5 1 1 5 B/C说明文；D议论文 1. 近三年说明文阅读理解主要考查以下题型：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。 2. 从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。 3. 说明文和议论文中的长词、长难句结构划分和拆解成为阅读的难点。 2023 全国甲卷 4 4 C/D说明文 2022 全国甲卷 5 2 1 C说明文；D夹叙夹议文 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年全国甲卷B篇阅读理解） Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【译文】 动物可以用很多种方式来表达它们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有不同的声音（声音），它们依靠它们寻求帮助、吓跑任何危险的动物或寻找庇护所。但猫是一种特殊的生物，它们拥有惊人的发声技能。他们可以用喵与人类进行完整的对话，你也能解释它。如果一只宠物猫饿了，它会继续喵喵叫来吸引注意和寻找食物。然而，当一只猫在寻找感情时，它们往往会产生伸展和柔软的喵喵声。一只小猫一复活，喵喵叫就开始了，用它来引起母亲的注意和喂养。 猫有许多高度的感官，但它们的嗅觉相当令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，并寻找任何危险的迹象。在他们选择一个放松的地方之前，他们会嗅出一些特定的区域。然而，猫能够区分不同情况的另一种方法是寻找熟悉的气味。你的猫很可能会闻到你的脸，并把这种气味储存在它的记忆中，并在未来用它来认出你。这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否在其他猫身边，而它们通常不喜欢这些猫。 狗以其令人印象深刻的迷人习惯而闻名，但猫把这种行为提高了一个档次。许多猫会在外面随机找到一些东西，然后把它们带给主人。这是一种非常古老的习惯，它已经存在于各种捕食者中（食肉动物）。猫会给它们的主人带来礼物来表达它们对你的爱。这些可爱的小猎人只是在做一些从一开始就一直存在的事情。所以就去吧！ 24.从第一段可以了解到猫的喵？ A.这是一种生存技能。 B.这是由猫妈妈教的。 C.这很难解释。 D.随着年龄的增长，声音越来越大。 25.一只宠物猫是如何评估不同的情况？ A.通过倾听声音。 B.通过触摸熟悉的物体。 C.通过检查气味。 D.通过与其他猫的交流。 26.哪句话最好地解释了“采取……在第3段中的“上档次”？ A.适当执行。 B.移动速度更快。 C.行为奇怪。 D.做得更好。 27.对于文本的合适的标题是什么？ A.寻找一只聪明的猫的小贴士 B.了解你的猫的行为 C.和你的猫玩得开心 D.如何保持你的猫的健康 【说明】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 【解析】 24题：细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 25题：细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 26题：词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 27题：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 2. （2024年全国甲卷C篇阅读理解） The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【译文】 圣卢卡斯列车不接受乘客，它只接受病人。圣卢卡斯列车是由政府资助的五列前往俄罗斯中部和东部偏远城镇的医疗列车之一。每一站平均持续两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村（乡村）人口提供基本的医疗护理、x光扫描和处方。 “人们一大早就开始排队预约，”德国摄影师埃米尔·达克说，他在11月和圣卢卡斯酒店的工作人员一起进行了为期两周的旅行，穿越了克拉斯诺亚尔斯克和卡卡西亚的广大地区（区域）。 俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务一直严重需要现代化。政府一直在努力想出措施来解决这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东的贫困农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，并扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家偏远地区行医。 圣卢卡斯的到来是改善局势的另一次尝试。在每年10个月的时间里，火车在两周内在大约8个车站停靠，然后返回地区首府加油补充（补给）。然后下个月它又重新开始了。大多数车站在两次访问之间都要等待大约一年。 医生每天要诊治多达150名病人。火车的设备可以进行基本的检查。达克说：“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，让我印象非常深刻，但他们仍然保持专注和非常关心。”“他们是许多农村人得到他们想要的治疗的最佳机会。” 28.圣卢卡斯火车和其他火车有何不同？ A.它贯穿各国。 B.它为老年人保留了座位。 C.它是医院。 D.它沿着一条河流行进。 29.我们能从第3段中对克拉斯诺亚尔斯克推断出什么呢？ A.人口稠密。 B.它为医生提供培训。 C.这是一个现代化的城市。 D.它需要医疗援助。 30.圣卢卡斯用一种供应能工作多久？ A.大约一年。 B.大约10个月。 C.大约两个月。 D.大约两周。 31.达克对圣卢卡斯的服务是什么态度？ A.欣赏。 B.怀疑的 C.模棱两可。 D.谨慎。 【说明】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【解析】 地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28题：细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29题：推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30题：细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31题：推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 3. （2024年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解） “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it might provide what you need to get there. 32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by character. C. Each type of literature has its unique end. D. A story which begins well will end well. 34. What is expected of a good ending? A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 【译文】 “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我的大三，我正在做一个关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚读完乔治·艾略特的《花线上的磨坊》，结局让我心碎。教授格雷西满怀耐心，让我考虑我是否喜欢。他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色的结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，那些满足故事的结局，即使他们没有传统上的积极结果。当然，我更希望汤姆和玛吉·图利弗有一个不同的结局，但他们得到的结局对他们来说确实最有意义。 这对我来说是一个哈哈哈的时刻，我再也没有想过以同样的方式结束。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证快乐的结局，我就会开始一段爱情。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会找到一个谜团（悬疑小说）。我有点知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择阅读什么变得更容易了。 但是写出结尾却很难。这对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说很有分量。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但似乎不是不知从何而来的，一个适合角色的结局。 这就是为什么这期的《作家文摘》（期）旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在做的任何类型的写作写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以试着看看哪一种能帮助你坚持着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们改编成你的作品。 这个问题不会告诉你你的结局应该是什么——这取决于你和你正在讲的故事——但它可能会提供你所需要的东西。 32.为什么作者要去找教授。格雷西 A.讨论一部小说。 B.提交图书报告。 C.为一个作家辩护。 D.要求有一个阅读清单。 33.作者在看到格雷西后意识到了什么？ A.写作是一个基于个人喜好的问题。 B.读者常常被人物性格所吸引。 C.每一种文学作品都有其独特的目的。 D.一个开头好的故事也会结尾好。 34.一个好的结局是什么？ A.它满足了读者的口味。 B.它符合故事的发展。 C.它通常是积极的。 D.它是开放的想象。 35.为什么作者会提到彼得·蒙特福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯？ A.举个伟大小说家的例子。 B.来强调这个问题的主题。 C.鼓励人们为该杂志写作。 D.来推荐他们的新书。 【说明】 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【译文】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 32题：细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。 33题：推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。 34题：推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。 35题：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。 4. （2023年全国甲卷C篇阅读理解） I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 31. What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 【译文】 我大约13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本乔斯坦·加德的《苏菲的世界》。它充满了对我来说是新的想法，所以我的头在那本书。它对我说话，把我带进了一个哲学的世界（哲学）。 这种对哲学的热爱一直持续到我上了大学。没有什么比那些认为自己比你更了解福柯、鲍德里亚或孔子，然后又试图解释他们的人更能扼杀人们对哲学的热爱的了。 埃里克·韦纳的《苏格拉底表达：从死去的哲学家身上寻找生命的教训》，重新唤醒了我对哲学的热爱。这不是一种解释，而是一种去思考和体验哲学的邀请。 韦纳以每一章的火车往返的场景开始，然后把每个哲学家的工作框架在一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样思考，像叔本华一样倾听，不抱有像尼采那样的遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，而是一本关于学习使用哲学来改善生活的书。 他把哲学思维作为一种吸引人的练习，可以提高我们的体验质量，而且他非常幽默。韦纳与历史上一些最重要的哲学家进行了对话，他通过解码（解读）他们的信息并添加自己的解释，他成为了人群中的一员。 《苏格拉底快报》是一本有趣、犀利的书，以其明显的简单性吸引了读者，并逐渐吸引了他们对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深刻的思考。邀请很明确：韦纳想让你拿杯咖啡或茶，坐下来看这本书。我鼓励你接受他的提议。这值得你的时间，即使我们没有多少时间。 28. 谁为作者打开了哲学之门？ A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. 为什么作者在第4段中列出了伟大的哲学家？ A. 把韦纳和他们进行比较。 B. 给出伟大作品的例子。 C. 来表扬他们的写作技巧。 D. 这是为了帮助读者理解韦纳的书。 30. 作者喜欢《苏格拉底快报》的什么？ A. 它对历史的看法都很好。 B. 比特想法可以应用于日常生活。 C. CIt包括了来自读者的评论。 D. 但它却留下了一个开放的结局。 31. 作者觉得韦纳的书怎么样？ A. 客观和平原。 B. 大胆和雄心勃勃。 C. 严肃的，难以追随的人。 D. 幽默和直截了当。 【说明】 这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 29. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。 30. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。 31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 5. （2023年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解） Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 【译文】 灰熊可能长到2.5米，体重超过400公斤，占据了美国心理的一个矛盾的角落——我们敬畏（敬畏），即使它们给我们可怕的梦想。问问来自世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一样的：一只灰熊。 熊生物学家克里斯·塞夫欣说：“灰熊重新占据了它们以前的大片区域。”随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个世纪以来没有见过的地方，越来越多地被人类看到它们。 当欧洲人来的时候，美国西部到处都是灰熊，大约有5万人或更多的人和美洲原住民住在一起。到20世纪70年代初，经过定居者几个世纪的残酷和持续的捕猎之后，600到800只灰熊只生活在北部落基山脉以前活动范围的2%。1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法案》之中。 如今，美国大约有2000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊退市，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于来自保护组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍被列在名单上。 显然，如果不采取预防措施（预防），灰熊就会变得麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物或穿过院子寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地带走，灰熊通常会毫无麻烦地经过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物宿舍周围设置电动围栏也对赶走灰熊非常有效。“我们希望有一个干净、没有吸引力的地方，在那里熊可以不学习坏习惯，”长期管理米苏拉及其周边地区熊的生物学家说。 32. 美国人是如何看待灰熊？ A. 它们会引起人们复杂的感情。 B. 它们应该保存在国家公园里。 C. 它们具有很高的科学价值。 D.它们是美国文化的象征。 33. 是什么帮助了灰熊数量的增加？ A. 欧洲殖民者的行为。 B. 熊的活动范围的扩大。 C. 中国政府自1975年以来的法律保护。 D. 对美国原住民的支持。 34. 是什么阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊除名？ A. 对环境保护组织的反对意见。 B. .灰熊的成功回归。 C.生物学家的声音。 D. 当地农民的倡导者。 35. 从最后一段可以推断出什么呢？ A. 应该为灰熊提供一种食物。 B. 人们可以和灰熊和谐相处。 C. 应该为灰熊建立特殊的路径。 D. d技术可以用来保护灰熊。 【说明】 本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 【译文】 32题：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。 33题：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。 34题：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。 35题：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。 6. （2022年全国甲卷C篇阅读理解） Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 27. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters 【译文】 戈芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它已经被证明具有与两岁大的人类相似的形状识别能力。虽然不知道在野外使用工具，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里熟练使用工具。在最近的一项实验中，凤头鹦鹉有一个里面有一个坚果的盒子。盒子清晰的正面有一个几何形状的“钥匙孔”，这些鸟有五个不同形状的“钥匙”可供选择。插入正确的“键”就会取出螺母。 在人类中，婴儿可以从一岁左右就把圆形放在圆形洞里，但再过一年才能用不那么对称（对称的）形状做同样的事情。这种识别形状需要在特定方向上旋转的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。在实验中，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉能够选择正确的工具，在大多数情况下，仅通过视觉识别。在使用反复试验的地方，凤头鹦鹉在类似的测试中比猴子做得更好。这表明，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉在太空中移动物体时，确实具有一个异中心的参考系，类似于两岁的婴儿。 研究人员表示，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依赖视觉线索（线索），还是使用触觉来选择形状。 24.凤头鹦鹉是如何在实验中从盒子里得到坚果的？ A.按照说明操作。 B.通过使用一个工具。 C. 通过转动盒子。 D. 通过拆下盖子。 25.根据文本，人类一岁的孩子最有可能完成哪一项任务？ A.用一把钥匙打开一扇门。 B.告诉其他鸟类的鹦鹉。 C. 把一个球放进一个圆洞里。 D. 将不同形状的玩具分组。 26.后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉的什么？ A.他们能看到多远。 B.他们如何跟踪移动的物体。 C. 他们是否比猴子聪明。 D. 他们是否在测试中使用了触觉。 27.哪个可以是一个适合的文本的标题？ A. 快速错误检查器 B. 凤头鹦鹉：独立的学习者 C. 凤鹦鹉：聪明的信号阅读器 D. 凤头鹦鹉：熟练的形状分类器 【说明】 体裁： 说明文；主题：人与自然——自然生态——生物与人的智力对比，通过实验发现，澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力相当于两岁的人类幼儿。 【答案】BCDD 【解析】 24题：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at .tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。 25.题：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。 26题：推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。 27题：主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。 7. （2022年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解） Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city. “I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted. “How do you mean?” I asked. “Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.” Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).” On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.” He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life. C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries. 34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress. C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international. 35. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A. A city can be young and old at the same time. B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic. C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign. 【译文】 在20世纪60年代初的某个时候，澳大利亚的悉尼发生了一件重大的事情。这座城市发现了它的港口。然后，悉尼一个接一个地发现了很多类似于那里的东西——广阔的公园、一流的海滩和文化多样性的人口。但正是这个港口造就了这座城市。 安德鲁·雷诺兹，一个30岁出头的快乐的人，以驾驶悉尼的渡船为生。我花了整个上午在港口上来回穿梭。第三次跑步后，安德鲁关闭了引擎，我们分别走了一条路——他去吃午饭，我去探索这座城市。 “我会想念这些旧船的，”我们分手时，他说。 “你是什么意思？”我问了一下。 “哦，他们在用双体船代替它们。双体船速度更快，但不那么优雅，驾驶也不有趣。但我想，这是一种进步。” 如今，在悉尼的任何地方，变化和进步都是口号（口号），传统也越来越罕见。悉尼的官方历史学家雪莉·菲茨杰拉德告诉我，在上世纪70年代悉尼进军现代化的过程中，扫除了大部分过去，包括许多最好的建筑。“悉尼对自己感到困惑，”她说。“我们似乎无法决定我们是想要一个现代城市还是一个传统城市。这是一场我们在解决方面没有得到更好进展的冲突（解决）。” 另一方面，在年轻和年老的同时也有它的吸引力。当我遇到一个名叫安东尼的体贴的年轻商人时，我就考虑到了这一点。“很多人都说，我们在这个国家缺乏文化，”他告诉我。“人们忘记的是，当意大利人来到澳大利亚时，他们带来了2000年的文化，希腊人带来了大约3000年的文化，还有中国人。我们有一个建立在古代文化的基础上，但有一个年轻国家的动力和活力。这是一个很难被击败的组合。” 他是对的，但我不禁希望他们能保留那些旧渡船。 32. 第一段主要是关于什么的？ A. 阿悉尼的惊人的建筑。 B.悉尼的文化多样性。 C. 这是悉尼发展的关键。 D. 20世纪60年代，悉尼的旅游景点。 33. 关于安德鲁·雷诺兹，我们能了解些什么？ A. 他是乘船去上班的。 . B他期待着一个新的生活。 C. CHe飞行员棒极了。 . 它依附在那些旧的渡船上。 34. 雪莉·菲茨杰拉德怎么看悉尼？ A. 它正在失去它的传统。 B. 它应该加快它的进展。 C. 它应该扩大其人口。 D. 它正变得越来越国际化。 35. 作者可能会同意哪种说法？ A. 住在AA城市里的城市可以同时是年轻的和年老的。 B. 建立在古代文化基础上的BA城市更具活力。 C. 超现代性通常是以牺牲优雅为代价来实现的。 D. 应在本地和外国之间作出妥协。 【说明】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了悉尼城市发展中对于现代化和传统保护的困惑，并提出“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A 【解析】 32． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了自己的港口。)”和最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.(但正是港口造就了这座城市。)”可知，第一段主要是讲悉尼发展的关键。故选C。 33． 细节理解题。根据第三段““I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.(“我会想念这些旧船的，”我们分手时他说。)”和第五段第二句“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot.(双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。)”可知，Andrew Reynolds喜欢那些旧渡船。故选D。 34． 细节理解题。根据第六段第二句中的“in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings(在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼抛弃了许多过去的东西，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”和第四句“We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.(我们似乎无法决定是要一个现代的城市还是一个传统的城市。)”可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼正在丢失传统。故选A。 35. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.(另一方面，同时年轻和年老也有它的吸引力。)”可知，作者会认同“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$