2024年中考英语复习阅读理解之获取主旨大意课件

王 向 东 阅 读 理 解 之 获 取 主 旨 大 意 主旨大意题的常见设问方式 What’s the topic of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? What’s the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from the passage? What is the best title/headline for this passage? The first/second/last…paragraph is mainly about… “审”—先审问题和选项，做到心中有数。“定”—速读首尾，定位信息，明确主题。“概”—精准概括，不大不小，不偏不倚。 主题词、主题句 主旨大意题的选项特点 正确选项特点： 概括全文或段落主要内容，内容全面，含义深刻。 四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项。 通常不含细节信息和表示绝对含义的词。 干扰选项特点： 以偏概全：概括内容过于狭窄，只阐述文章局部内容或文章主题的一个侧面。 断章取义：以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或以次要事实或细节冒充全文主要观点。 主题扩大：即归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论范围。 似是而非：关键词好像在文章中某个地方提到，但认真分析后发现与文章内容毫无关系。 张冠李戴：命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。 先找主题句，常在首尾段、段落首尾句出现。 若无主题句，分析语篇、段落结构，总结中心思想。 若无主题句，利用高频词、信息词进行逻辑梳理，总结大意。 北京中考主旨大意题类型分布 年份 文章体裁 难度 Paragraph 段落 Passage 全文 2016 C篇 说明文 ★★★ 2017 阅读答问 ★★★★ 2018 C篇 说明文 ★★★ 2019 阅读答问 ★★★ 2021 C篇说明文 ★★★ 2021 D篇议论文 ★★★★ __ 28___ Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning about vegetables at school, it’s important to encourage this interest,” says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful messages. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from. 28. Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragaph4? A. Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at Home B. Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home C. Reasons Why Parents Should Understand Children D. Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents 2021年中考C篇 断章取义 断章取义 以偏概全 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. 50. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers. C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 并未提及 张冠李戴 断章取义 2016年中考C篇 The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers. 27. The second paragraph is mainly about . how the study was performed what was recorded in the study how long the study lasted who took part in the study ② 2018年中考C篇 以偏概全 无中生有 断章取义 Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. 30. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Culture belongs to human nature. B. Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C. Humans are supposed to be well organized. D. Education pushes the human species to progress. 2021年中考D篇 ② 似是而非 张冠李戴 张冠李戴 64．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？ ④ 2017年中考阅读答问 Many surnames were based on father﹣son relations．The “son of ”part was added to the father‘s first name，like Johnson，meaning John’s son．Sometimes it was shortened to just “s”，as in Jones or Evans. Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived．They are the most common type of surname．A　third kind of surname was based on a person‘s job．Forester was someone who looked after the forest．In the　Middle Ages，occupation names such as Baker，Carpenter，and Miller became common．The fourth kind of surname was nickname（绰号）．A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear． The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger. 38. What is Paragraph 7 mainly about? ⑦ people 2019年中考阅读答问 null 13583.62 $$