Unit 1 Period 5 Workbook（同步课件）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Workbook Unit 1 Science and scientists 高中英语 / 人教版2019/ 选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 Using Words and Expressions 1 Complete the crossword puzzle according to the clues given. 1 having a natural ability to do sth well 2 to deal with 3 hard or firm 4 to throw sb/sth somewhere with force 5 a person who helps sb else in his/her job 6 to think that sb is responsible for sth bad 7 to become less in number or amount 8 a weapon that travels through the air and explodes when it reaches its target 9 not mixed with anything 10 to change the form of sth g i f t e d h a ndle blam e ass i s tant m i ss i l e s o l d c s e c r e s p u r t r n f o r m 2 What do you think a great scientist needs most? Rank the following in order of importance and compare your list with your partner’s.  theoretical background  professional knowledge  leadership  talent  imagination  devotion  determination  creativity  logical reasoning  inspiration  research methods  statistical ability Answers may vary. Maybe imagination, devotion, determination and creativity rank the first. Edwin Powell Hubble, born in 1889 in Marshfield Missouri, spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Afterwards, he moved with his family to Chicago and attended the University of Chicago, where he studied mathematics and astronomy and soon proved to be _______ in these subjects. At the Mount Wilson Observatory, Hubble studied objects within our own galaxy using a __________ with a mirror of one hundred and fifty-two centimetres in diameter. His _______ discovery was the finding of a Cepheid variable star (造父变星) in the outer area of a nebula (星云). He ________ that nebulae were galaxies themselves, and thus, astronomers now ___________ to the view that distant galaxies do exist. He then made more observations of forty-six galaxies that were travelling away from Earth with speeds that were _______ directly to the galaxies’ distance from Earth. Hubble discovered the scientific rule--now called “Hubble’s Law” that the farther away a galaxy is, the greater its speed. As one of the most important _____________, he devoted himself to galaxies, which led to many ___________ discoveries in the fields of extragalactic (银河系外的) astronomy and observational cosmology (宇宙学). Hubble’s efforts led to a(n) ______ in the understanding of how our universe works and develops. 3 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words below. gifted telescope initial proved subscribe linked astronomers outstanding shift initial, outstanding, gifted, astronomer, telescope, shift, subscribe, prove, link Using Structures 1 Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause. as though because, that, what, whoever, why 1 Research is _______ I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing (Werner von Braun) 2 The saddest aspect of life right now is ______ science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom (Isaac Asimov) 3 An expert can be __________ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow feld. (Niels Bohr) 4 ... when different experiments give you the same result, it is no longer subject to your opinion. That’s the good thing about science: It’s true whether or not you believe in it. That’s ______ it works. (Neil deGrasse Tyson) 5 This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is _________ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it! (Albert Einstein) 6 There are only two ways to live your life. One is ___________ nothing is a miracle. The other is ___________ everything is a miracle. (Albert Einstein) what that whoever why because as though as though Isaac Asimov Neil deGrasse Tyson 2 Complete the conversations using noun clauses as the predicative. 1 A: Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass are the four great inventions of ancient China. They are signifcant contributions of the Chinese nation to the world. B: Sure, they are. What I want to know though is ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 A: The ancient Chinese were the first to invent paper and printing. Then they went on to invent books and had opened bookshops in many cities. B: What I’m curious about is ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3 A: The compass is a special invention of ancient China, dating back to as early as the Warring States Period. B: Yes. It seems _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ which one is the greatest invention. / how these inventions have changed China and the world. who invented paper / how people made the first paper / when ink was invented / what paper was made from / when and how printing spread to the rest of the world / how records were kept before the invention of paper. how the compass was particularly useful / as if people had to depend on the positions of the sun, the moon, and so on when they were at sea before the compass was invented / that ancient Chinese had developed a good knowledge of magnetism. 4 A: Gunpowder was originally used for making fireworks. B: But what surprises me is __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 A: After the discovery of medicine, acupuncture was invented in China. Acupuncture is a treatment which doesn’t involve any drugs. Very thin needles are put in certain parts of a person’s body. B: Really? What puzzles me is ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 6 A: High-speed trains, mobile payments, the bike-sharing system, and online shopping are considered by some as the new “four inventions” of China. B: Is that so? I feel / It seems _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ that gunpowder was not used initially for firearms / how it is so unexpectedly used today / how heavily mining depends upon it / that it has been generally used not only in industries but in wars across the world. who first started this practice / for whom this practice was first done / why anyone would stick a needle in their body, even to become well that these inventions have really made our lives easier / that every Chinese is proud of the new “four inventions” / as if I could not live without them, especially when it comes to online shopping / that we all benefit from all these things / that we may have to remember that every coin has two sides. Activity 1: Talk about what you know about the following two topics. China’s Jiaolong submarine 蛟龙号载人潜水器 China’s quantum computing machine Listening and Speaking (Workbook) 量子计算机 8 China’s Jiaolong submarine 蛟龙号载人潜水器 China’s quantum computing machine Activity 2: Listen and complete the news articles to get specific information about these two achievements. 10 China Sets Record with Deep-Sea Dive 27 June 2012 China became the ___________ to send a manned submarine into the deep sea when its ship, the Jiaolong, reached a depth of ____________ in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench. Three men, ________, Liu Kaizhou, and Yang Bo, took part in this ________ mission. They spent ________ on the ocean floor. While there, they ________________ and conducted research. Only two other submarines have succeeded in diving deeper into the ocean. In the future, this _____________ submarine will be used for a _________________ of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. fifth country 7,062 metres Ye Cong 11-hour 3 hours collected samples 8-metre-long deep-water survey 11 Activity 3: Listen and complete the news articles to get specific information about these two achievements. 12 China Creates World’s First Quantum Computing Machine 3 May 2017 Chinese researchers ___________ and his colleagues announced that they had created the world’s first quantum computing machine. Regular computers, at their most basic level, process data as a series of ______________, which limits how fast they can run. The new machine, however, uses photons (光子), which allows it to ____________ 24,000 times quicker. The researchers have not been able to create a ________________ quantum computer yet. Pan believes that this may take another ___________________. Pan Jianwei ones and zeros process data fully functioning ten to twenty years 13 1. Why are these two achievements important? 2. When did these achievements occur? What records were set? On 27 June 2012, the Jiaolong reached a depth of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench; On 3 May 2017, it was announced that the Chinese machine could process data 24,000 times quicker than regular computers. With the Jiaolong, China became only the fifth country to send a manned submarine into the deep sea, China created the world’s first quantum computing machine. Activity 4: Listen and find out the importance of these two achievements. 14 Time: Achievement: China became the fifth country to send a manned submarine into the deep sea. Name of the submarine: Activities： collected samples and conducted research Future development: The submarine will be used for a deep-water survey of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. What information must you include in each summary? The key facts. The key facts of news story 1. jiaolong 27 June 2012 The key facts of news story 2. Time: Achievement: Pan Jianwei and his colleagues had created the world’s first quantum computing machine. Participants: Function: The new computer can process data 24,000 times quicker than regular computers. Future development: It may take another ten to twenty years to create a fully functioning quantum computer. 3 May 2017 Pan Jianwei and his colleagues 16 On 27 June 2012, China became the fifth country to send the Jiaolong to a depth of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench, with three men in it. While there, they collected samples and conducted research. In the future, this 8-metre-long submarine will be used for a deep-water survey of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. On 3 May 2017, Pan Jianwei and his colleagues announced that they had created the world’s first quantum computing machine. The machine can work 24,000 times quicker than regular computers. It may be another ten to twenty years before a fully functioning quantum computer can be made. Sample summary 17 Reading and writing 1 Read the passage and choose the correct answer to complete the statement. AI AND HUMAN BEINGS Is it possible to make machines think like hunans? This is one question in research in the field of Artificial Intelligence, or “AI”. To think like a human, it involves feelings, morality, hopes, and dreams. Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. In addition, humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. The question is whether machines can ever really think in all these aspects. The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make decisions for itself terrifies many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used to replace humans. Yet others are comforted by the thought of AI. Maybe with AI, robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. Today, the creation of an all-power computer capable of human thought is still in progress. We have companion robots, and it is likely that they will grow more important in our lives as time goes by. However, the need for such robots does not seem to be as critical as our need for intelligent machines that can solve problems by learning from their observations and experience. For example, AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as a personal assistant in our smartphones. It learns from our habits to help us find what we want and like. Al is also used to diagnose problems and suggest solutions. Researchers are also experimenting with the use of AI in driverless cars which can sense their surroundings and decide on the best way to reach a destination. It is also being used in education, particularly in online courses. Furthermore, industries that use robots for repetitive or dangerous work often turn to AI to manage these electronic workers. In addition, virtual assistants are also being used in some homes today. In the near future, it is likely that AI will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater variety of tasks such as setting out favourite clothes and helping us with our personal grooming. The AI of today has already proven its superiority to humans in many areas. Do you think that we can create a robot that thinks like a human or one that is even more intelligent? If so, is there truly a difference between AI and a human? AI and Human Beings According to the author, we ___________ AI machines that think like humans in every way. A. know that we can make B. don’t know if we can make C. have already made D. will never make 2. Why are many people concerned about AI? What do some people hope AI will be able to do in the future? creativty problem-solving feelings hopes learning independent thinking morality dreams 2 Answer the questions using the information from the passage. 1. Which of the following attributes of human thought does AI have now? Because the idea of a computer that is all powerful and can think and make decisions for itself terrifies people. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used to replace humans. On the other hand, some people hope that in the future robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. 1. be capable of 2. input from 3. inspiration 4. terrify 5. companion robot 6. It’s likely that 7. diagnose problems 8. repetitive 9. virtual assistant 10. grooming 11. handle an even greater variety of tasks 12. superiority 有能力做 从...输入 灵感 使恐惧 护理机器人 很可能 诊断问题 重复的 虚拟助理 照料或梳洗 处理更多种类的任务 优越 3 Discuss the questions in groups. 1. What do you think AI will be able to do in the future? 2 What possible benefits or problems will AI bring us? AI will be able to run most of the high-tech systems we have in the world, and even many household machines will use AI. A possible benefit will be that we will have more time for leisure. A possible problem might be a loss of control over many things in life, where an AI machine will be dictating to use what we want. 4 Write about how science and technology has influenced your daily life. 1. In groups, talk about your average day from morning until night. Fill in the table below with your notes. What technology do you use every day? What technology affects you in your daily life, either in a good way or bad way? Which of this technology is old (e.g. the microwave oven), and which is new (e.g. the smartphone)? What would your daily life be like without this technology? I use my computer, smartphone, and tablet. My computer is completely necessary for my life and studies. My smartphone can be a problem at times, as I keep getting interrupted with unnecessary text messages, and I end up spending too much time on social media. The only old technology that I really use is a coffee maker. Everything else is fairly new. I could not survive without my computer. 2. Choose one kind of technology from your discussion and use your notes to write an essay about its impact on your daily life. You can start your essay like this: Every day, I use all kinds of technology. I begin my day by using ... Sample Writing Every day, I use all kinds of technology. I begin my day by heating my breakfast in the microwave oven. It’s easy and convenient. Then I turn on the radio to listen to the news while eating breakfast. I go to school by bus. My school day is mostly low tech. However, when I get home I am back on the computer again doing my homework. My friends always contact me after school by smartphone—they either call or text. After I finish my homework, I watch TV, tablet in hand. I use the tablet for social media during TV commercials. Some of the new and old technology I use is nice, while some is essential. It seems impossible to live nowadays without some technology in our lives. Cultural Notes Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was born near Florence, Italy. When he was 14, he went to work in an art workshop, where he learnt sculpture and painting. By the time he was twenty, he was deemed qualified to set up his own workshop. Over the years, he received increasingly more important commissions, first to produce artistic work, and later in military engineering and architecture. In 1516, he was hired as an artist by the king of France. As he lay dying, it is said that he lamented that he had not fully pursued his art. It is estimated that he produced 20-30 thousand pages of notes during his lifetime. Many were beautifully illustrated, and a large selection of these still exist. The Mona Lisa is believed to be a painting of an Italian woman named Lisa del Giocondo (1479-1542). She was the wife of a wealthy silk merchant in Florence, and the painting was probably commissioned by her husband. As was typical, da Vinci was not able to complete the painting in a timely fashion, so when he went to France he took the uncompleted painting with him. At da Vinci’s death, it became the property of the French king. It is an oil painting on wood, and measures 77 cm × 53 cm. Everyone is quiet as they enter the narrow room. The crowd ignores the many beautiful paintings on the walls and pushes to the room’s far end. There, they gaze at a single small painting of a smiling woman. So many people have crowded in to have a look at the painting that most can only get a quick look at it. Then they are forced to move on. This painting is the Mona Lisa created in the early 16th century by the Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. It was kept away from the public until 1797, when it was put on display at the Louvre Museum in Paris. Art critics only first began to notice the painting in the 1850s. Then, in 1911, the painting was stolen. By the time the painting was finally recovered in 1914, it had become an international sensation. Many agreed that it was one of the greatest paintings ever made, by one of the world’s greatest painters. 进入狭窄的房间，所有人都安静了下来。 人群无视墙壁上的许多美丽的画作，并挤到远处的房间。在那里，他们凝视着一幅微笑女人的小画。这么多人挤进来看这幅画，大多数人只能快速浏览一下，然后被迫继续前进。 这幅画就是意大利画家列奥纳多·达·芬奇 (Leonardo da Vinci) 于 16 世纪初创作的《蒙娜丽莎》。 它一直远离公众，直到 1797 年才在巴黎卢浮宫博物馆展出。艺术评论家在 1850 年代才开始注意到这幅画。 然后，在 1911 年，这幅画被盗了。 到 1914 年这幅画终于被找回时，它在国际引发轰动。 许多人一致认为，这是世界上最伟大的画家之一所创作的最伟大的画作之一。 move ignore create steal become smile Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Even as a young boy, da Vinci showed promise as an artist. When he was fourteen years old, he was sent to learn art in Florence, Italy. He trained for seven years, and then struck out on his own, working for wealthy men throughout Italy, and later for the king of France. Even though Leonardo began his career as a painter, he most often worked as an engineer. One reason was that he painted very slowly, and sometimes did not even finish his work. Another reason was that Italy was at war, and people needed engineers to help build city defences more than they needed artists. However, even though da Vinci worked as an engineer, he still found time to paint, creating some of his greatest artworks during this period. 在还是个小男孩的时候，达芬奇就表现出了作为艺术家的潜力。十四岁时，他被派往意大利佛罗伦萨学习艺术。他训练了七年，然后独自开辟新路，为所有又意大利的富人工作，后来为法国国王工作。尽管列奥纳多的职业生涯始于画家，但他最常担任工程师的工作。原因之一是他画得很慢，有时甚至不能完成他的工作。另一个原因是意大利正处于战争状态，而人们需要工程师来帮助建造城防，而不是需要艺术家。所以，尽管达芬奇是一名工程师，但他仍然抽出时间作画，在此期间创作了一些他最伟大的作品。 learn work create After da Vinci’s death, it was discovered that he had kept many notebooks describing and illustrating his work, his inventions, and his scientific research. While his notebooks were collected and prized by the kings of Europe, none of them were published until the late 19th century. Unti then, few people had had any idea what they contained. As it turned out, his notebooks are an amazing treasure box of drawings of people, animals, plants, and fantastic inventions, such as airplanes, tanks, robots, and diving equipment. Then, there are accurate studies of the human body, showing bones and muscles with such detail that would not be seen elsewhere for four hundred years. Along with these drawings are notes describing his work. Oddly, many of these notes are written backwards: You have to hold them up to the mirror in order to read them. Many of these notes are scientific in nature, involving his research in many different fields. His notebooks show that he was not only the greatest artist of his time, but the greatest scientist as well. 达芬奇死后，人们发现他保存了许多笔记本来描述和说明他的工作、他的发明和他的科学研究。虽然他的笔记本被欧洲国王收集和珍藏，但直到 19 世纪后期才出版。在那之前，很少有人知道里面包含了什么。 结果证明，他的笔记本是一个惊人的宝箱，里面装满了有关人物、动物、植物和奇妙的发明，如飞机、坦克机器人和潜水设备。然后，对人体进行了精确的研究，显示了四百年来在其他地方都看不到的骨骼和肌肉。与这些图纸一起是描述他的工作的笔记。奇怪的是，这些笔记中有许多是倒着写的：你必须把它们举到镜子前才能阅读。其中许多笔记本质上是科学的，涉及他在许多不同领域的研究。他的笔记本表明，他不仅是他那个时代最伟大的艺术家，也是最伟大的科学家。 show write describe science This raises the question: What was more important to da Vinci, science or art? Da Vinci once said. “Practice must always be founded on sound theory .. The painter who draws merely by practice and by eye, without any reason, is like a mirror which copies everything placed in front of it but does not know those things exist.” Here, “reason” means an understanding of what is being painted. In da Vinci’s mind, before he could paint something, he had to examine it, take it apart, and even see how it worked. Thus, his scientific research served his art. Yet, this is too simple of a picture of the man. Da Vinci was always full of excitement to explore, to discover and to create. He saw no division between art, invention, and science--they were all a part of his wonderful new world of discovery. 这就提出了一个问题：对于达芬奇，科学还是艺术，哪个更重要？ 达芬奇曾说过：“实践必须始终建立在合理的理论之上。画家无缘无故地凭着实践和眼睛作画，就像一面镜子，照搬着眼前的一切，却不知道那些东西存在。这里“理性”是对所画事物的理解。在达芬奇的头脑中，他在画东西之前，必须先检查它，拆开它，甚至看看它是如何工作的。因此，他的科学研究为他的艺术服务。 然而，这样描绘这个人太简单了。 达芬奇总是充满激情去探索、发现和创造。他认为艺术、发明和科学之间没有区别——它们都是他的奇妙发现新世界的一部分。 found be excite Thus, some of da Vinc’s paintings were really science experiments, in that they used new chemicals and processes from his research. At the same time, his scientific drawings are considered beautiful pieces of art in their own right, and many of them were created to help him understand what he was painting. Da Vinci’s desire to create and his interest in the world around him drove both his art and his science. So what can we learm from this? Few of us will ever be as gifted and intelligent as da Vinci. Yet, all of us can learn from his spirit. We can produce things of beauty, create new inventions, and increase our scientific knowledge. Furthermore, we can be creative in solving difficult problems. While none of us may ever be able to paint something as beautiful as the Mona Lisa, we can all do our small part to make the world a better place. 因此，达芬奇的一些画作确实是科学实验，因为它们使用了他研究中的新化学物质和工艺。与此同时，他的科学绘图本身就被认为是美丽的艺术品，其中许多是为了帮助他理解他在画什么而创作的。达芬奇对创造的渴望以及他对周围世界的兴趣推动了他的艺术和科学造诣。 那么我们可以从中学到什么呢？ 我们中很少有人会像达芬奇那样有天赋和智慧。然而，我们所有人都可以从他的精神中学习。我们可以制造美丽的东西，创造新的发明，并增加我们的科学知识。此外，我们可以创造性地解决困难的问题。虽然没有人能够画出像蒙娜丽莎那样美丽的东西，但我们都可以尽自己的微薄之力来让世界变得更美好。 consider help gift good create create Thank you for your listening! Lavf58.51.100 Lavf58.51.100 null 171476.67 null 219860.17 $$