专题04 阅读理解B篇（说明文为主）-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（天津专用）

专题04 阅读理解B篇（说明文为主） 年份 考题内容（2020-2024） 命题趋势 2024年 本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 · 主题范围：涵盖了科技、文化、环保、自然科学、社会现象等多个领域，主题丰富多样，具有一定的时代性和科学性。 · 文章长度：一般在 300 - 500 词之间，篇幅适中。 · 词汇难度：会出现一些学科术语和较复杂的词汇，但通常会在上下文中提供一定的解释或线索，帮助考生理解。 细节理解题：占据较大比例，考查考生对文章具体内容和数据的准确把握。 主旨大意题：要求考生概括文章的主要内容和核心观点。 推理判断题：基于文章提供的信息进行合理的推断和猜测。 篇章结构题：考查对文章整体结构和段落关系的理解。 2023年 本文主要介绍了维他命D的重要性及如何获取维他命D。 2022年 本文介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。 2021年 主要叙述了丽莎在盛夏的白天去公园看云的景象。 2020年 文章主要讲述植物的用处。人们离不开植物，植物提供食物、布料、住处甚至是呼吸的空气。 （2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 1．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 2．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 3．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 4．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 5．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。 （2023·天津·中考真题）About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 6．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 7．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 8．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 9．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes. B．About 45 minutes. C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 10．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了维他命D的重要性及如何获取维他命D。 6．细节理解题。根据“When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong.”可知维他命D能使我们骨骼强壮。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“But our bodies can’t make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies.”可知必须从体外获取维他命D是因为我们的身体不能产生维他命D。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs.”可知可以通过吃鱼来获取维他命D。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough.”可知我们被建议每天在阳光中花费大约15分钟。故选A。 10．段落大意题。根据“Where can a person get this very important vitamin?”及全段内容可知第三段主要讲我们从哪里获得维生素D。故选B。 （2022·天津·中考真题）People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person’s health. When people sit for too long every day, they don’t move very much. So it is easy to start getting fat. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens, people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work. Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem? Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers. The first type of desk is the standing desk. The desk can be taller when a person wants to stand. It can also be shorter when the person wants to sit. Another type of desk is the walking desk. This desk is made so that a person can work while walking at the same time. Workers in the companies like the different types of desks very much. They think these desks are quite useful. 11．When people in the office work, they usually ________. A．sit B．move C．run D．sing 12．What does the word “fix” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Cause. B．Solve. C．Bring. D．Discuss. 13．How many types of desks are mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 14．What do the workers think of the different types of desks? A．They are cheap. B．They are traditional. C．They are useful. D．They are expensive. 15．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell us the reasons for sitting B．show the advantages of standing C．introduce desks that help people work better D．compare companies that provide different jobs 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。 11．细节理解题。根据“People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work.”可知，办公室里的人通常在工作的时候大部分时间都坐着。故选A。 12．词义猜测题。根据“Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem?”可知，公司需要解决问题，此处fix的意思是“解决”，故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“The first type...Another type of desk...”可知，提到了两种类型的办公桌，故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“They think these desks are quite useful.”可知，员工们认为这些办公桌很有用，故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据“Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers.”可知，本文介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工，故选C。 （2021·天津·中考真题）When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds. One day, Lisa saw a cloud that looked like a standing dragon. After a few minutes it became a flying dragon. Then it seemed to change direction. Another cloud moved in to mix with it, and the dragon changed into a dancing elephant. Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog, and then a tiger. “This is better than TV!” Lisa shouted. Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa’s school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa’s voice. He gave the kite string（线）to his son and came to Lisa. “Hi, Mr Thomas!” Lisa said. “Look at those clouds. They keep changing! First they looked like a dragon, then an elephant, then a dog, and now a tiger!” Mr Thomas looked up. “A tiger?” he said. “That looks like a horse to me. It’s running towards the sun, That’s so lively.” Lisa looked again. He was right! “How do clouds know how to make so many shapes?” The clouds don’t know how to make shapes. Your imagination（想象力）helps you see those shapes in the clouds, “Mr Thomas answered as the horse changed into a chicken.” 16．What did Lisa like to do in the park in the middle of summer? A．Train her dog. B．Watch the clouds. C．Feed animals. D．Read books. 17．Lisa found that “a barking dog” in the clouds changed into “________”. A．a dragon B．an elephant C．a tiger D．a giraffe 18．What was Mr Thomas doing in the park when Lisa shouted? A．Studying plants. B．Flying a kite C．Having music lessons. D．Playing tennis. 19．What did Mr Thomas think of the running horse in the clouds? A．It was strong. B．It was shy. C．It was noisy. D．It was lively. 20．According to Mr Thomas, what helped Lisa see different shapes in the clouds? A．Tradition. B．Silence. C．Imagination. D．Environment. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．C 【分析】本文主要叙述了丽莎在盛夏的白天去公园看云的景象。 16．细节理解题。根据文中“When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds.”可知，在盛夏丽莎喜欢去公园里看云。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据文中“Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog, and then a tiger.”可知，丽莎发现云中的“吠狗”变成了“老虎”。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据文中“Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa’s school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa’s voice.”可知，丽莎大叫时托马斯先生在公园里放风筝。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据文中“That’s so lively.”可知，托马斯先生认为云中的跑马很活泼。故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据文中“Your imagination（想象力）helps you see those shapes in the clouds,”可知，据托马斯先生说，是想象力帮助丽莎在云层中看到了不同的形状。故选C。 （2020·天津·中考真题）People depend on plants. We use plants for food, cloth, shelter (住处), and even the air we breathe (呼吸). Plants keep our air and water clean. Green plants give us oxygen (氧气). Oxygen is part of the air we breathe. Plants are also part of the water cycle (水循环). Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air. Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth. Fruits, vegetables, and grains (谷物) come from plants. Without plants, we would not have bread, rice, carrots, apples, oranges, or bananas! Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at home. Having your own garden helps the earth as well. When you grow your own fruits and vegetables, you help cut down on pollution because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops. You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don’t need to use bags for packing your food. You can just pick it out of the ground or off a plant and put it into a basket! Trees are an important plant resource (资源). Trees provide wood to build homes and furniture. Trees are used to make lots of things around your home and at your school. And trees provide fruits that are good for you. Without trees, the earth would be a very different place. 21．________ is part of the air we breathe. A．Sunlight B．Water C．Food D．Oxygen 22．What happens to most of the water that a plant takes in? A．It goes back into the air. B．It stays in the plant. C．It goes into the ground. D．It stays in the river. 23．What does the phrase “cut down on” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Cause. B．Accept. C．Reduce. D．Expect. 24．What is the best title of the passage? A．A Different Place B．The Uses of Plants C．Food on the Earth D．Gardens at Home 25．You would find the passage in ________. A．an interesting novel B．a book about animals C．a popular play D．a book about nature 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述植物的用处。人们离不开植物，植物提供食物、布料、住处甚至是呼吸的空气。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oxygen is part of the air we breathe”氧气是我们呼吸的空气的一部分。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air”植物吸收的大部分水又回到空气中。故选A。 23．词义猜测题。根据“because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops. You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don’t need to use bags for packing your food”卡车不需要把你的食物带去商店，因为你不需要用包装袋来放你的食物，你也帮助减少了垃圾的数量。可知此处表示“减少”， cut down on相当于reduce。故选C。 24．标题概括题。根据第一段“People depend on plants. We use plants for food, cloth, shelter (住处), and even the air we breathe”可知文章主要讲述的是植物的用处，可概括为The Uses of Plants。故选B。 25．推理判断题。an interesting novel有趣的小说；a book about animals关于动物的书；a popular play一个受欢迎的戏剧；a book about nature一本关于自然的书。这篇文章主要讲述的是植物的用处，可以在关于自然的书里找到。故选D。 （2024·天津武清·三模）Chinese knitting (结绳编织) is a great art form through which people send good luck and express best wishes. It shows the beauty of Chinese culture and the wisdom of Chinese people, and it enjoys popularity among international friends. The art of knitting in China dates back to ancient times. Ancient people used the “rope knot tying” method to record information before the creation of the Chinese characters. Over time, it became a form of handicraft (手工艺) and developed greatly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It continues to develop till today. Workers can skillfully make materials such as silk, cotton or wool which become daily goods and handicrafts, appearing in many forms like buttons, earrings and more. Wang Xiaolan is an inheritor (传承人) of this Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) from Chongqing. She has received great training in the art of knitting and has also brought changes to this traditional handicraft. She successfully uses knotting, weaving, drawing and other techniques to make products. In 2019, Wang started a knitting workshop “Lanyuxuan”. To add a local flavor (特色) to this traditional art, her team has come up with new ideas for knitting pieces with symbols, such as ginkgo (银杏) leaves and bamboo. The team has won many prizes in competitions and the products are loved at home and abroad. So far, Wang’s workshop has trained over 100 people who want to learn it for free. They try their best to impart knitting skills and knowledge to the next generation. In the future, they will join in different exhibitions, competitions, and take every chance to spread knitting culture, show knitting skills, and share great Chinese stories. 1．According to the passage, people ________ through Chinese knitting. A．are thirsty for peace and safety B．are thirsty for success and wealth C．send messages and show directions D．send good luck and express best wishes 2．What did ancient Chinese people use knitting for? A．Recording information. B．Making some money. C．Creating Chinese characters. D．Sharing Chinese stories. 3．How has Wang Xiaolan developed the art of knitting? ①She has invented new materials for knitting. ②She has combined many different techniques. ③She has taken part in competitions and won many prizes. ④She and other teammates have come up with new ideas of products. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．The word “impart” in Paragraph 6 means “________”. A．pass by B．put off C．pass on D．put down 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．Handicrafts—A Special Part of Traditional Culture B．Chinese Knitting—An Intangible Cultural Heritage C．Wang Xiaolan—An Inheritor of Chinese Knitting D．Chinese Characters—An Important Cultural Invention 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了传统工艺结绳编织以及它的传承人王小兰的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Chinese knitting (结绳编织) is a great art form through which people send good luck and express best wishes.”可知结绳编织是一种伟大的艺术形式，人们通过它来表达美好的祝愿。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Ancient people used the ‘rope knot tying’ method to record information before the creation of the Chinese characters”可知古代人在创造汉字之前就使用“绳结打结”的方法来记录信息。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“She successfully uses knotting, weaving, drawing and other techniques to make products.”可知她成功地使用打结、编织、绘图等技术制作产品；根据“The team has won many prizes in competitions and the products are loved at home and abroad.”可知她参加很多比赛，获得很多奖；根据“her team has come up with new ideas for knitting pieces with symbols”可知她的团队想出了编织银杏叶和竹子等带有符号的作品的新想法。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据“They try their best to impart knitting skills and knowledge to the next generation”可知他们尽力将编织技能和知识传授给下一代，故此处划线部分和pass on意义相近。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了传统工艺结绳编织以及它的传承人王小兰的故事，以选项B“中国编织——非物质文化遗产”为标题最合适。故选B。 （2024·天津和平·二模）Look at the pictures of cute rabbits dressed in lion dance costumes. Can you guess what they are used for? Are they toys? Well, if you think so, think again. These cute “rabbits” are actually huabobo. It has been a popular traditional food in Shandong Province for more than 300 years. Usually, huabobo is four or even six times bigger than mantou. It has become a necessary part of some important events. Local women use tools like knives, scissors and pens to shape the dough (生面团) into ducks, dragons, peaches, etc, before having them steamed. Then they color them. Their bright and beautiful colors are generally considered to express good wishes. For example, huabobo in the shapes of rabbits and tigers is usually given to children to express the wish that a boy will be as strong as a tiger and a girl as lovely and clever as a white rabbit. And huabobo in the shape of yuan yang represents the wish that a newly-married couple will live happily together to an old age. Huabobo is normally sweet in taste. The way to make huabobo has been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation in Shandong Province. Huabobo tastes good, but most huabobo shops only serve it locally. That detail caught the attention of Zang Chaiyuan, a 25-year-old girl from Yantai. She wanted to introduce huabobo to more people. Zang’s love for huabobo has also led her to create new shapes. She also uses natural fruit and vegetable juice to color huabobo. What’s more, she has found a way to store huabobo for over two months, making it more convenient to send it to other cities. Using her creative works, Zang has managed to breathe new life into the traditional huabobo, allowing more young people to understand and taste this traditional food. 6．What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage? A．To introduce a new topic for discussion. B．To bring in the topic in an interesting way. C．To provide background information. D．To use an example to support the topic. 7．What are the steps in making huabobo? ① Steam it.  ② Color the dough. ③ Shape the dough. ④Serve it. A．③→①→② B．③→ ②→① C．②→③→④ D．①→③→④ 8．What shape of huabobo is usually given to a boy? A． B． C． D． 9．Which of the following is TRUE about huabobo? A．Young people don’t like it anymore. B．It is used more widely than mantou. C．Now it’s easy for non-locals to taste it. D．This traditional food is half a century old. 10．What role does Zang mainly play in introducing huabobo? A．She makes huabobo more child-friendly. B．She reduces the cost of making this food. C．She improves the way she sends huabobo. D．She helps keep this traditional food alive. 【答案】6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了花饽饽的起源和制作过程，以及它所代表的吉祥寓意。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It has been a popular traditional food in Shandong Province for more than 300 years.”可知，第一段是以图片和问题来引出文章的主题——介绍山东省的一种食物，可推断出第一段的目的是以有趣的方式引出话题。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Local women use tools like knives, scissors and pens to shape the dough into ducks, dragons, peaches, etc, before having them steamed. Then they color them.”可知，当地妇女用刀子、剪刀和笔等工具将面团做成鸭子、龙、桃子等形状，然后蒸熟，最后给它们上色。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, huabobo in the shapes of rabbits and tigers is usually given to children to express the wish that a boy will be as strong as a tiger and a girl as lovely and clever as a white rabbit.”可知，兔子和老虎形状的花饽饽通常送给孩子，以表达男孩像老虎一样强壮，女孩像白兔一样可爱聪明的愿望，C选项符合题意。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第六段中“What’s more, she has found a way to store huabobo for over two months, making it more convenient to send it to other cities.”可知，她找到了一种方法，可以将花饽饽储存两个多月，这样可以更方便地发送到其他城市，现在非本地人很容易品尝到它。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Using her creative works, Zang has managed to breathe new life into the traditional huabobo, allowing more young people to understand and taste this traditional food.”可知，通过她富有创意的作品，她成功地为传统的花饽饽注入了新的生命，让更多的年轻人了解和品尝这种传统美食，她帮助保持这种传统食物的生命力。故选D。 （2024·天津红桥·二模）Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise. Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 fines thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work for four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里). In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good. But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills, You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone. 11．Where can you do aquatic exercise? A．On land. B．In a swimming pool. C．In a field. D．On a farm 12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Difference between air and water. B．Weight change of one’s body. C．The advantages of aquatic exercise. D．The ways to do aquatic exercise. 13．What do most people think of aquatic exercise? A．Relaxing. B．Worrying. C．Surprising D．Boring 14．According to the text, aquatic exercise is _________. A．done in groups B．fit for everyone C．difficult to learn D．done with special skills 15．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Nature. D．Health. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了水中运动，这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。 11．细节理解题。根据“Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool.”可知，水上运动需在游泳池里完成。故选B。 12．段落大意题。根据“Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land.…It is better for your knees than running or walking.…As a result, you can burn more calories”可知，第二段主要介绍了水上运动的好处。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water.”可知，大多数人说他们在水里感觉更放松。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“Aquatic exercise is for everyone.”可知，水上运动适合每个人。故选B。 15．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了水中运动。故可推知，我们可以在杂志的健康板块读到这篇文章。故选D。 （2024·天津南开·二模） The world is getting warmer, and the ice in high mountains is melting (融化). How to slow down the melt? Wearing “clothes” In the 1990s, people in Switzerland put white “blankets” on ski areas. The white color can reflect (反射) the sunshine and keep the ice cool. The blankets are made of wool, so rain can go through the blankets and become ice. It can slow down the melt by about 50% to 70%. Today, the “blankets” in Switzerland cover 10, 000 to 50, 000 square meters of ice. Painting the rocks Farmers in the Andes Mountains in Peru use a similar idea. Above 5, 000 meters, they paint the rocks with white “paint”. The paint is made of water, sand and soap. The soap helps it stick to the rocks. The white rocks can be 16℃ cooler than the dark rocks. Creating snow Scientists at an organization called Glaciers Alive turn to man-made snow for help in Switzerland: In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes (管道). On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows (流) out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain. 16．The ice in high mountains is melting because ________. A．people put white blankets on ski areas B．the world is getting warmer C．what did people do in the 1990s D．the mountains are covered with ice and sand 17．Why did people make the blankets white? A．Because they want the blankets to look like the ice. B．Because the white color has a feel of wool. C．Because the white color helps the ice get less sunshine. D．Because rain can go through white blankets easily. 18．The paint that farmers in the Andes Mountains use is made of ________. A．ice, water and soap B．water, sand and snow C．sand, snow and soap D．water, sand and soap 19．What do scientists from Glaciers Alive do to slow down the melt? A．They paint the rocks in Switzerland white. B．They use water to create snow in winter. C．They use small lakes lo keep snow and ice. D．They use pipes to move rain up on the mountain. 20．What is the main idea of the passage? A．People should make better use of the sunshine. B．People are trying to stop the world from getting warmer. C．People from different countries are working in a team. D．People are working hard to keep high mountains cool. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了世界现在正在变暖，高山的冰正在融化，人们为了减缓冰的融化，想出了很多办法。 16．细节理解题。根据文中“The world is getting warmer, and the ice in high mountains is melting (融化).”可知，因为世界正在变暖，高山上的冰正在融化，故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据文中“The white color can reflect (反射) the sunshine and keep the ice cool.”可知，白色有助于减少冰的阳光照射，故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据文中“The paint is made of water, sand and soap.”可知，这油漆是用水、沙子和肥皂做成的，故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据文中“In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes (管道). On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows (流) out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.”可知，来自Glaciers Alive的科学家们通过在冬天用水造雪来减缓融化，故选B。 20．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了世界现在正在变暖，高山的冰正在融化，人们为了减缓冰的融化，想出了很多办法，故选D。 （2024·天津河北·二模）Pyrography (烫画) is a kind of art form in China. It is done by using a hot metal (金属) tool and burning wood or other surfaces (表面). Zhang Donghai, a 63-year-old man from Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, has been practising pyrography for more than 40 years. Zhang began to learn pyrography when he was 20 years old. He learned it all by himself. After 20 years into it, Zhang started to make pyrographs on Xuan paper. He said that it is very difficult to master the skills for making pyrographs on Xuan paper. “I must carefully control the temperature of the electric soldering iron (电烙铁) and the speed of touching down the soldering iron onto the paper so as to avoid leaving holes in the paper.” Zhang said. “Making pyrographs on Xuan paper requires lots of time and great patience.” Many people want to learn pyrography from Zhang, and Zhang is happy to train future inheritors (继承人) of the ancient art. “I prefer to train adults because electric soldering irons are dangerous to children.” Zhang has created innovative (创新的) pyrographs by connecting the art form with the skills of traditional Chinese bird-and-flower paintings. Pyrography is a kind of valuable traditional cultural skill. I will continue to look for new innovations to make more pyrographs and do my best to pass on the art form to the young,” Zhang said. 21．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．What pyrography is. B．The start of pyrography. C．Zhang’s art collection. D．Who taught Zhang pyrography. 22．When he was 40, Zhang started to ________. A．learn traditional Chinese painting B．make pyrographs on Xuan paper C．train inheritors of pyrography D．create pyrographs himself 23．The word “master” in Paragraph 2 means “________”. A．finish sth. slowly B．use sth. carelessly C．learn sth. completely D．make sth. quickly 24．Which is Zhang’s innovation in making pyrographs? A．Using colourful paper. B．Making pyrographs on flowers. C．Creating pyrographs of animals. D．Using traditional Chinese painting skills. 25．What is the best title of the passage? A．An artist of pyrography B．A foreign art form C．The return of pyrography art D．The creators of pyrography 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了烫画以及烫画艺术家张东海。 21．细节理解题。根据“Pyrography (烫画) is a kind of art form in China. It is done by using a hot metal (金属) tool and burning wood or other surfaces”可知烫画是中国的一种艺术形式，它是通过使用热金属工具和燃烧木材或其他表面来完成的，所以从第一段可以学到烫画是什么。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据“Zhang began to learn pyrography when he was 20 years old. He learned it all by himself. After 20 years into it, Zhang started to make pyrographs on Xuan paper.”可知张从20岁开始学习烫画，20年后，张开始在宣纸上制作烫画，即40岁的时候开始在宣纸上制作烫画。故选B。 23．词义猜测题。根据“He said that it is very difficult to master the skills for making pyrographs on Xuan paper”可知在宣纸上制作烫画的技巧很难掌握，故此处划线部分意为“完全学会某事”。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“Zhang has created innovative (创新的) pyrographs by connecting the art form with the skills of traditional Chinese bird-and-flower paintings.”可知张通过将这种艺术形式与中国传统花鸟画的技巧相结合，创造了创新的烫画。故选D。 25．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了烫画以及烫画艺术家张东海，以选项A“烫画的艺术”为标题最合适。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解B篇（说明文为主） 年份 考题内容（2020-2024） 命题趋势 2024年 本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 · 主题范围：涵盖了科技、文化、环保、自然科学、社会现象等多个领域，主题丰富多样，具有一定的时代性和科学性。 · 文章长度：一般在 300 - 500 词之间，篇幅适中。 · 词汇难度：会出现一些学科术语和较复杂的词汇，但通常会在上下文中提供一定的解释或线索，帮助考生理解。 细节理解题：占据较大比例，考查考生对文章具体内容和数据的准确把握。 主旨大意题：要求考生概括文章的主要内容和核心观点。 推理判断题：基于文章提供的信息进行合理的推断和猜测。 篇章结构题：考查对文章整体结构和段落关系的理解。 2023年 本文主要介绍了维他命D的重要性及如何获取维他命D。 2022年 本文介绍一些公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮助他们的员工。 2021年 主要叙述了丽莎在盛夏的白天去公园看云的景象。 2020年 文章主要讲述植物的用处。人们离不开植物，植物提供食物、布料、住处甚至是呼吸的空气。 （2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 1．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 2．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 3．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 4．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 5．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need （2023·天津·中考真题）About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 6．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 7．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 8．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 9．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes. B．About 45 minutes. C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 10．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D （2022·天津·中考真题）People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person’s health. When people sit for too long every day, they don’t move very much. So it is easy to start getting fat. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens, people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work. Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem? Some companies have different types of desks to help their workers. The first type of desk is the standing desk. The desk can be taller when a person wants to stand. It can also be shorter when the person wants to sit. Another type of desk is the walking desk. This desk is made so that a person can work while walking at the same time. Workers in the companies like the different types of desks very much. They think these desks are quite useful. 11．When people in the office work, they usually ________. A．sit B．move C．run D．sing 12．What does the word “fix” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Cause. B．Solve. C．Bring. D．Discuss. 13．How many types of desks are mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 14．What do the workers think of the different types of desks? A．They are cheap. B．They are traditional. C．They are useful. D．They are expensive. 15．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．tell us the reasons for sitting B．show the advantages of standing C．introduce desks that help people work better D．compare companies that provide different jobs （2021·天津·中考真题）When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds. One day, Lisa saw a cloud that looked like a standing dragon. After a few minutes it became a flying dragon. Then it seemed to change direction. Another cloud moved in to mix with it, and the dragon changed into a dancing elephant. Then it became a sitting dog then a barking（吠、叫）dog, and then a tiger. “This is better than TV!” Lisa shouted. Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa’s school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa’s voice. He gave the kite string（线）to his son and came to Lisa. “Hi, Mr Thomas!” Lisa said. “Look at those clouds. They keep changing! First they looked like a dragon, then an elephant, then a dog, and now a tiger!” Mr Thomas looked up. “A tiger?” he said. “That looks like a horse to me. It’s running towards the sun, That’s so lively.” Lisa looked again. He was right! “How do clouds know how to make so many shapes?” The clouds don’t know how to make shapes. Your imagination（想象力）helps you see those shapes in the clouds, “Mr Thomas answered as the horse changed into a chicken.” 16．What did Lisa like to do in the park in the middle of summer? A．Train her dog. B．Watch the clouds. C．Feed animals. D．Read books. 17．Lisa found that “a barking dog” in the clouds changed into “________”. A．a dragon B．an elephant C．a tiger D．a giraffe 18．What was Mr Thomas doing in the park when Lisa shouted? A．Studying plants. B．Flying a kite C．Having music lessons. D．Playing tennis. 19．What did Mr Thomas think of the running horse in the clouds? A．It was strong. B．It was shy. C．It was noisy. D．It was lively. 20．According to Mr Thomas, what helped Lisa see different shapes in the clouds? A．Tradition. B．Silence. C．Imagination. D．Environment. （2020·天津·中考真题）People depend on plants. We use plants for food, cloth, shelter (住处), and even the air we breathe (呼吸). Plants keep our air and water clean. Green plants give us oxygen (氧气). Oxygen is part of the air we breathe. Plants are also part of the water cycle (水循环). Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air. Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth. Fruits, vegetables, and grains (谷物) come from plants. Without plants, we would not have bread, rice, carrots, apples, oranges, or bananas! Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at home. Having your own garden helps the earth as well. When you grow your own fruits and vegetables, you help cut down on pollution because big trucks don’t need to take your food to shops. You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don’t need to use bags for packing your food. You can just pick it out of the ground or off a plant and put it into a basket! Trees are an important plant resource (资源). Trees provide wood to build homes and furniture. Trees are used to make lots of things around your home and at your school. And trees provide fruits that are good for you. Without trees, the earth would be a very different place. 21．________ is part of the air we breathe. A．Sunlight B．Water C．Food D．Oxygen 22．What happens to most of the water that a plant takes in? A．It goes back into the air. B．It stays in the plant. C．It goes into the ground. D．It stays in the river. 23．What does the phrase “cut down on” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Cause. B．Accept. C．Reduce. D．Expect. 24．What is the best title of the passage? A．A Different Place B．The Uses of Plants C．Food on the Earth D．Gardens at Home 25．You would find the passage in ________. A．an interesting novel B．a book about animals C．a popular play D．a book about nature （2024·天津武清·三模）Chinese knitting (结绳编织) is a great art form through which people send good luck and express best wishes. It shows the beauty of Chinese culture and the wisdom of Chinese people, and it enjoys popularity among international friends. The art of knitting in China dates back to ancient times. Ancient people used the “rope knot tying” method to record information before the creation of the Chinese characters. Over time, it became a form of handicraft (手工艺) and developed greatly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It continues to develop till today. Workers can skillfully make materials such as silk, cotton or wool which become daily goods and handicrafts, appearing in many forms like buttons, earrings and more. Wang Xiaolan is an inheritor (传承人) of this Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) from Chongqing. She has received great training in the art of knitting and has also brought changes to this traditional handicraft. She successfully uses knotting, weaving, drawing and other techniques to make products. In 2019, Wang started a knitting workshop “Lanyuxuan”. To add a local flavor (特色) to this traditional art, her team has come up with new ideas for knitting pieces with symbols, such as ginkgo (银杏) leaves and bamboo. The team has won many prizes in competitions and the products are loved at home and abroad. So far, Wang’s workshop has trained over 100 people who want to learn it for free. They try their best to impart knitting skills and knowledge to the next generation. In the future, they will join in different exhibitions, competitions, and take every chance to spread knitting culture, show knitting skills, and share great Chinese stories. 1．According to the passage, people ________ through Chinese knitting. A．are thirsty for peace and safety B．are thirsty for success and wealth C．send messages and show directions D．send good luck and express best wishes 2．What did ancient Chinese people use knitting for? A．Recording information. B．Making some money. C．Creating Chinese characters. D．Sharing Chinese stories. 3．How has Wang Xiaolan developed the art of knitting? ①She has invented new materials for knitting. ②She has combined many different techniques. ③She has taken part in competitions and won many prizes. ④She and other teammates have come up with new ideas of products. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．The word “impart” in Paragraph 6 means “________”. A．pass by B．put off C．pass on D．put down 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．Handicrafts—A Special Part of Traditional Culture B．Chinese Knitting—An Intangible Cultural Heritage C．Wang Xiaolan—An Inheritor of Chinese Knitting D．Chinese Characters—An Important Cultural Invention （2024·天津和平·二模）Look at the pictures of cute rabbits dressed in lion dance costumes. Can you guess what they are used for? Are they toys? Well, if you think so, think again. These cute “rabbits” are actually huabobo. It has been a popular traditional food in Shandong Province for more than 300 years. Usually, huabobo is four or even six times bigger than mantou. It has become a necessary part of some important events. Local women use tools like knives, scissors and pens to shape the dough (生面团) into ducks, dragons, peaches, etc, before having them steamed. Then they color them. Their bright and beautiful colors are generally considered to express good wishes. For example, huabobo in the shapes of rabbits and tigers is usually given to children to express the wish that a boy will be as strong as a tiger and a girl as lovely and clever as a white rabbit. And huabobo in the shape of yuan yang represents the wish that a newly-married couple will live happily together to an old age. Huabobo is normally sweet in taste. The way to make huabobo has been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation in Shandong Province. Huabobo tastes good, but most huabobo shops only serve it locally. That detail caught the attention of Zang Chaiyuan, a 25-year-old girl from Yantai. She wanted to introduce huabobo to more people. Zang’s love for huabobo has also led her to create new shapes. She also uses natural fruit and vegetable juice to color huabobo. What’s more, she has found a way to store huabobo for over two months, making it more convenient to send it to other cities. Using her creative works, Zang has managed to breathe new life into the traditional huabobo, allowing more young people to understand and taste this traditional food. 6．What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage? A．To introduce a new topic for discussion. B．To bring in the topic in an interesting way. C．To provide background information. D．To use an example to support the topic. 7．What are the steps in making huabobo? ① Steam it.  ② Color the dough. ③ Shape the dough. ④Serve it. A．③→①→② B．③→ ②→① C．②→③→④ D．①→③→④ 8．What shape of huabobo is usually given to a boy? A． B． C． D． 9．Which of the following is TRUE about huabobo? A．Young people don’t like it anymore. B．It is used more widely than mantou. C．Now it’s easy for non-locals to taste it. D．This traditional food is half a century old. 10．What role does Zang mainly play in introducing huabobo? A．She makes huabobo more child-friendly. B．She reduces the cost of making this food. C．She improves the way she sends huabobo. D．She helps keep this traditional food alive. （2024·天津红桥·二模）Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise. Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 fines thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work for four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里). In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good. But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills, You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone. 11．Where can you do aquatic exercise? A．On land. B．In a swimming pool. C．In a field. D．On a farm 12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Difference between air and water. B．Weight change of one’s body. C．The advantages of aquatic exercise. D．The ways to do aquatic exercise. 13．What do most people think of aquatic exercise? A．Relaxing. B．Worrying. C．Surprising D．Boring 14．According to the text, aquatic exercise is _________. A．done in groups B．fit for everyone C．difficult to learn D．done with special skills 15．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Nature. D．Health. （2024·天津南开·二模） The world is getting warmer, and the ice in high mountains is melting (融化). How to slow down the melt? Wearing “clothes” In the 1990s, people in Switzerland put white “blankets” on ski areas. The white color can reflect (反射) the sunshine and keep the ice cool. The blankets are made of wool, so rain can go through the blankets and become ice. It can slow down the melt by about 50% to 70%. Today, the “blankets” in Switzerland cover 10, 000 to 50, 000 square meters of ice. Painting the rocks Farmers in the Andes Mountains in Peru use a similar idea. Above 5, 000 meters, they paint the rocks with white “paint”. The paint is made of water, sand and soap. The soap helps it stick to the rocks. The white rocks can be 16℃ cooler than the dark rocks. Creating snow Scientists at an organization called Glaciers Alive turn to man-made snow for help in Switzerland: In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes (管道). On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows (流) out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain. 16．The ice in high mountains is melting because ________. A．people put white blankets on ski areas B．the world is getting warmer C．what did people do in the 1990s D．the mountains are covered with ice and sand 17．Why did people make the blankets white? A．Because they want the blankets to look like the ice. B．Because the white color has a feel of wool. C．Because the white color helps the ice get less sunshine. D．Because rain can go through white blankets easily. 18．The paint that farmers in the Andes Mountains use is made of ________. A．ice, water and soap B．water, sand and snow C．sand, snow and soap D．water, sand and soap 19．What do scientists from Glaciers Alive do to slow down the melt? A．They paint the rocks in Switzerland white. B．They use water to create snow in winter. C．They use small lakes lo keep snow and ice. D．They use pipes to move rain up on the mountain. 20．What is the main idea of the passage? A．People should make better use of the sunshine. B．People are trying to stop the world from getting warmer. C．People from different countries are working in a team. D．People are working hard to keep high mountains cool. （2024·天津河北·二模）Pyrography (烫画) is a kind of art form in China. It is done by using a hot metal (金属) tool and burning wood or other surfaces (表面). Zhang Donghai, a 63-year-old man from Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, has been practising pyrography for more than 40 years. Zhang began to learn pyrography when he was 20 years old. He learned it all by himself. After 20 years into it, Zhang started to make pyrographs on Xuan paper. He said that it is very difficult to master the skills for making pyrographs on Xuan paper. “I must carefully control the temperature of the electric soldering iron (电烙铁) and the speed of touching down the soldering iron onto the paper so as to avoid leaving holes in the paper.” Zhang said. “Making pyrographs on Xuan paper requires lots of time and great patience.” Many people want to learn pyrography from Zhang, and Zhang is happy to train future inheritors (继承人) of the ancient art. “I prefer to train adults because electric soldering irons are dangerous to children.” Zhang has created innovative (创新的) pyrographs by connecting the art form with the skills of traditional Chinese bird-and-flower paintings. Pyrography is a kind of valuable traditional cultural skill. I will continue to look for new innovations to make more pyrographs and do my best to pass on the art form to the young,” Zhang said. 21．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．What pyrography is. B．The start of pyrography. C．Zhang’s art collection. D．Who taught Zhang pyrography. 22．When he was 40, Zhang started to ________. A．learn traditional Chinese painting B．make pyrographs on Xuan paper C．train inheritors of pyrography D．create pyrographs himself 23．The word “master” in Paragraph 2 means “________”. A．finish sth. slowly B．use sth. carelessly C．learn sth. completely D．make sth. quickly 24．Which is Zhang’s innovation in making pyrographs? A．Using colourful paper. B．Making pyrographs on flowers. C．Creating pyrographs of animals. D．Using traditional Chinese painting skills. 25．What is the best title of the passage? A．An artist of pyrography B．A foreign art form C．The return of pyrography art D．The creators of pyrography 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$