题型2 (1)阅读理解之基础阅读-【中考宝典】2024年中考英语(深圳专用版)

第三部分中考题型专项训练 题型二 阅读理解 (一)阅读理解之基础阅读 ●思维导图引领 具体信息 浅层理解 猜词 跳读查找法 理解结构 排除法 解题方法 考查内容 推理判断 简单计算法 深层理解 作者态度观点 通读全文 阅读理解 主旨要义 辨析题意 解题步琛 事实细节 列举信息 认真复查 构词法 同（反）义诃 考查形式 词义猜测 上下文 标点符号 利用生活常识 推理判断 利用逻辑关系指代 “开门见山” “藏头露尾” 主旨大意 “首尾呼应” “抛砖引玉” “卧虎藏龙” ●题型分析 给出三篇250至300词左右的短文，短文内容一般分别与“人与自我”、“人与社会” 考查形式 “人与自然”三大主题语境有关 考查内容 包括篇章细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断及主旨大意 选项设置 每个语篇共5小题，每小题四个选项 自命题规律 2021一2022年深圳中考英语阅读理解文章分析一览表 年份 体裁 内容 主题 词数 赣深铁路建成后给 新闻报道 人与社会 289 沿线人民带来的便利 2022 从奶奶那学会的烘培技艺让主人 记叙文 人与自我 295 公领悟到把握自己的人生节奏 说明文 南美哥伦比亚五彩河 人与自然 287 e》151e 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 年份 体裁 内容 主题 词数 新闻报道 河北沙石峪在党的领导下脱贫致富 人与社会 281 2021 记叙文 小时候奶奶节约粮食的态度影响我一生 人与自我 267 说明文 植物之间如何用语言沟通 人与自然 306 从上表可以看出，深圳中考英语阅读理解选取的语篇体裁一般是新闻报道、记叙文、说明文居多， 文章话题可能涉及新闻时政、哲理故事、家庭与朋友、科技发展、动植物及环境保护等。 2021~2022年深圳中考英语阅读理解考点分析一览表 试题类型 2022考查内容 2021考查内容 细节理解 第11,16,17,21,24题 第12,13,16,18,21题 词义猜测 第23题 第19题 推理判断 第12,14,18,19.20,22题 第14,17,20,22题 主旨大意 第13,15,25题 第15,23,24,25题 备注：从上表可知，细节理解题与推理判断题题量大致相当，主旨大意题相比2021年有所减少，阅读 理解试题对考生的篇章理解与应用能力提出了更高的要求。 四解题技巧 1.速读全文，了解文章大意 运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文 章脉络，把握语篇实质。阅读速度和技巧运用取决于平日的基础训练。 2.详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络 任何一篇中考入选文章绝不是互不相干的句子堆砌。记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线 索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；新闻报道则通常采用按事实轻重安排的倒金字塔结构，把最 重要、最新鲜的事实放在最前面，后续再按时间顺序展开事件叙述。说明文则通常采用总分总式的 结构，先总体概括或说明文章结论，然后再逐一说明，层次清晰，最后一段再进行总结呼应。 3.猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。 猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力，也是中考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而 且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法、语法、定 义、同位语、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 4.抽丝剥茧，做好深层次推断与概括 深层次思维理解题主要包括主旨大意题（段落大意、最佳标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难 点。深层次阅读理解必须忠实于试题原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不 能凭空想象，随意揣测：读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏 概全。 .)>152. 第三部分中考题型专项训练 团典例精析·真题链接 (2022·深圳) 1.细节理解题 一般在原文中可以直接定位到相同的词，或者是原文有关词语和句子的转换。 16.Who taught the writer to 通过“My parents advised I learn make bread? from my grandmother.who later A.Her teacher. gave me her recipe(食谱)and B.Her grandmother. 故选B instruction as well.”可知是作者 C.Her parents. 的奶奶。 D.Her classmates. 2.词义猜测题 如果被考词或短语是语境所解释的中心词或短语，即语境是被考词或短语的定义，那么理解语境本 身就可以推断其含义。或者，被考词后有同位语补充说明，那么理解同位语的语义就可以推断该画 线词的含义。 23.What does the underlined 找到第三段最后一句“They are a word“delicate”in Paragraph3 delicate plant.This makes them probably mean? easily damaged in the water.”可 故选B A.Special. B.Weak. 知后面一句话是对画线词的解释。 C.Lively. D.Beautiful. 3.推理判断题 首先要看准题干，找出题干关键词或短语，然后在阅读文章时定位相应的关键词或短语，确定推理范 围。然后，结合上下文、段落或文章主题，根据文章中隐含的线索，作出合理的判断。 首先定位关键句“I can feel the 18.Which word best describes change,which connects me to life in modern times according to something quite different from the writer? → the modern way of living.”,然后 故选C A.Relaxing. B.Exciting. 再结合作者整段的态度可知，她认 C.Fast. D.Happy. 为现代生活的节奏是相当快的。 》153e 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 4.主旨大意题 首先，回读文章的首段首句。文章的首段甚至首段的首句常常起着点题的作用，是对文章主要内容 或信息的概括。 另外，也有一部分文章在叙述完某件事情或某个话题之后，用一句或几句话交代事情的结果或对前 面的叙述进行归纳，所以末段也可能是主旨大意段。在没有明显段首或段尾主题句时，考生应该观 察全文的结构安排，思考文章各段细节观点的交叉点。 25.What is the best title of the text? 定位首段关键句“Among them A.How to Visit Cano Cristales in Colombia,a river stands out B.Natural Beauty in Colombia as‘the most beautiful river’in 故选C C.World's Most Beautiful River the world..”结合尾段可确定文 D.Protecting the River of Five Colours 章方向。 中考连线 ●2022·深圳 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A 体裁 词数 难度 建议用时 正确率 说明文 289 ★★★☆ 6mins /5 At 9 o'clock on December 10th,2021,with the sound of a whistle ()train G2197 slowly ran out of Ganzhou West Station and headed south to Shenzhen North Station.This marked the opening of the Ganzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway,which includes 14 stations,with a total length of 436 kilometers.The total travel time between the two cities has been cut from 6 hours to 2 hours. The building of the Ganshen high-speed railway was filled with challenges.As the railway travels through the mountainous areas of southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong,workers had to be careful with many cultural landscapes (and protection areas.When it was completed.323 bridges and 157 tunnels (were built,taking up 90%of the total length. By taking the new route,it is convenient for passengers to visit the beautiful places along the line.For example,you can walk into the Shenzhen Museum to review the city's development,go to Heyuan to experience the amazing Wanly Lake,or explore the ancient Tongtian Rock Caves in Ganzhou. Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World".With the high-speed railway's operation,more travellers from Guangdong have arrived and Ganzhou oranges are getting more ●》154● 第三部分中考题型专项训练 popular. "It used to take me six hours to drive home on Fridays,but now I can get home in time to pick up my child from school.What's more,I can even drop him off at school on Monday mornings before I go to work,said Chen Yu,a Ganzhou local who works in Shenzhen. Chen's life is a typical one that has changed with the railway.More and more wonderful changes along the high-speed railway are taking place. ( )1.How many hours can we save from Ganzhou to Shenzhen by G2197? A.2. B.4. C.6. D.8. ( )2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A.The tunnels cover 90 percent of the railway. B.It was very difficult to build the railway. C.157 bridges were built along the railway. D.The railway passes through northern Jiangxi. ( )3.What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A.To introduce places of interest. B.To share travelling experiences. C.To review the history of Ganzhou. D.To celebrate the success of Shenzhen. ()4.What do we know about Chen Yu? A.He is an orange farmer. B.He is a local in Shenzhen. C.His child lives in Ganzhou. D.His working place has changed. )5.What kind of text is this? A.A short story. B.A travel diary. C.A train timetable. D.A news report. B 体裁 词数 难度 建议用时 正确率 记叙文 295 ★★★☆ 6 mins /5 I took up baking (when I was twelve.At that time I was working on my school bakery project with my classmates.I tried a few times,but I wasn't very successful.My parents advised I learn from my grandmother,who later gave me her recipe and instruction as well.After two years'practice,I was able to make delicious bread.I have come to realize making bread means a lot to me although it takes a long time. To make bread,others usually use quick-rise yeast ()but I don't.Every Saturday morning,after mixing proper amount of water with flour,sugar etc.I take time to wait for the dough to rise.This is my way to slow down and smell the roses. Baking does require great patience.In my hands.the dough is slowly growing.It's becoming ●)》155● 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） softer.I can feel the change,which connects me to something quite different from the modern way of living.To me,making bread is a push against our culture of convenience.It certainly takes more time than buying bread from a store,but I enjoy it. I've stuck with my grandmother's recipe without making any change.Now this tradition has continued for years.Sometimes,in order to fit it in,I have to change my schedule.But I have never considered giving it up. By the time my children get home from school,the bread has been baked and cooled.They step into the house and the first thing they do is to take a deep breath of the warm,honeyed air.My bread-baking has also helped them to slow down and understand the value of taking their time and leading an unhurried life. )6.Who taught the writer to make bread? A.Her teacher. B.Her grandmother. C.Her parents. D.Her classmates. )7.How is the writer's bread-making different from others'? A.She uses less water. B.She uses more sugar. C.She doesn't bake it a long time. D.She doesn't add quick-rise yeast. ( )8.Which word best describes life in modern times according to the writer? A.Relaxing. B.Exciting. C.Fast. D.Happy. )9.What does the underlined "it"in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.The recipe. B.The plan. C.The change. D.The tradition. )10.What does the writer want to teach her children to do? A.Do things in a slow way. B.Bake bread at an early age. C.Be thankful for parents'work. D.Get home from school in time. 体裁 词数 难度 建议用时 正确率 说明文 287 ★★★☆ 7 mins /5 The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for centuries.It holds all kinds of natural wonders.Among them in Colombia,a river stands out as "the most beautiful river"in the world. Locally called Cano Cristales,this special river lies in a national park.It is made up of several waterfalls,rapids,and plenty of pools.For most of the year,Cano Cristales looks like a common river:clean,green,and rocky.However,during the short period between September and November, the river explodes (with life and colour.It appears as any mix of colours including blue,green, yellow,orange,and a purplish red.So it is also known as the "River of Five Colours". ●)156● 第三部分中考题型专项训练 Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water,this rainbow river is completely natural.Cano Cristales'colours are the result of a rare (water plant which needs sunlight to grow.The plants change colour depending on how much sunlight they receive,and the amount is decided by the height and speed of the water.Therefore,it is possible for the plants to be totally colourless if the sunlight is too hard to get.They are a delicate plant.This makes them easily damaged in the water. Actually,the river faces some problems,including drier seasons,wildlife trouble,waste management,and budget (#cuts.In 2007,the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists.Now the park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour. Today,Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia's most popular natural attractions,drawing thousands of tourists every year. ( )11.When is the best time to visit Cano Cristales? A.In January. B.In March. C.In June. D.In October. ( )12.Why is Cano Cristales colourful? A.A special plant lives in it. B.People add chemicals to it. C.The water is badly polluted. D.The weather is changeable there. ( )13.What does the underlined word "delicate"in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Special. B.Weak. C.Lively. D.Beautiful. ( )14.What once caused the park to be closed? A.Too many visitors. B.The poor service. C.Too much rubbish. D.The wildlife problem. )15.What is the best title of the text? A.How to Visit Cano Cristales B.Natural Beauty in Colombia C.World's Most Beautiful River D.Protecting the River of Five Colours ●2021·深圳 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 ④ 体裁 词数 难度 建议用时 正确率 新闻报道 281 ★★★☆ 6 mins /5 Shashiyu was once a poor village in Hebei Province,but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the 1940s,villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes,but they had a strong wish for a better life.Zhang Guishun,the Party secretary of Shashiyu,encouraged his villagers to do their ●》157● 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） best to pull themselves out of poverty."In the ancient Chinese story,Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work,why can't we?Nobody was born to be poor."Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference. Led by the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)，the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land.From 1966 to 1971,they reclaimed (lots of land and greatly improved their life. However,the village encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in the 1990s. The polluting factories were shut down in 2004,and villagers started grape cultivation,which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu. In 2009,the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan $152,723)to change the village's exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years,the village was called "National Forest Village". Zhang said that the village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick grapes."The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes famous through this festival.Our villagers can then live even better lives,"he said. ()1.Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers? A.Because Yu Gong had strong will and work hard. B.Because Yu Gong was born poor too. C.Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong. D.Because Yu Gong became rich at last. ( )2.From 1966 to 1971,what did the villagers do to improve their living situation? A.They planted grapes to earn money. B.They carried water and soil to their village to improve their lands. C.They moved to another place to live a better life. D.They built a lot of factories. ()3.Which word can be used to describe the villagers? A.Hard-working. B.Lazy. C.Kind-hearted. D.Stupid. ( )4.When was Shashiyu called "National Forest Village"? A.1n2009. B.1n2004. C.In2015. D.In2019. )5.Where can you probably read the passage? A.In a storybook. B.In a newspaper. C.In a sports magazine. D.In a science book. e)158● 第三部分中考题型专项训练 ® 体裁 词数 难度 建议用时 正确率 说明文 267 ★★★☆ 7 mins /5 When I was a girl growing up,I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting food. Anything we didn't eat at one meal was leftovers().I can remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes.We would all eat until we were full enough,but there were always about half of the potatoes leftover.A few days later.Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge,boil some noodles,add some vegetables and mix them all together.And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon (for us in the mornings,she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle.Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes.I was an adult before I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon! I learned their lessons well,and after I grew up,I tried to never waste food myself.I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste.Every meal went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself,my boys,my husband or my dogs.To me,throwing food into the bin was just wrong. However,when it comes to living,there are no leftovers.Life is just like a feast.Each moment that you don't live is lost forever.Life cannot be saved or stored.Each day is a fresh beginning.Live each moment of your life to the fullest,then. )6.The writer's grandma used the leftover potatoes to A.mix with noodles B.boil some vegetables C.fry bacon D.throw away ()7.Why did the potatoes cooked by the writer's mum taste like bacon? A.Because she mixed the bacon with potatoes. B.Because she put potatoes into the containers. C.Because she was good at cooking. D.Because she poured the bacon oil into potatoes. ()8.According to the passage,how did the writer save food in her way? A.By shopping ahead of time. B.By throwing it into the litter bin. C.By following her mother's shopping list.D.By planning the next week's food. )9.What does the underlined word "feast"in the last paragraph probably mean? A.A sweat dream. B.A large meal. C.A happy story. D.A beautiful picture. ●)》159● 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） )10.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.It is never too old to learn. B.Eat to live,but not live to eat. C.Neither food nor life should be wasted.D.There is no such thing as a free lunch. © 体裁 词数 难度 建议用时 正确率 说明文 306 ★★★☆ 6 mins /5 Can plants talk?New research shows something amazing:they do communicate with each other. It has been known that plants use chemicals to communicate.When a plant,say a bean plant,gets attacked by insects ()it produces chemicals from the leaves.This is like a warning,or a call for help:"I'm being attacked!"When another bean plant receives the warning,it produces different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away.Others attract wasps (to kill the insects.Scientists will learn more about this plant warning system to help farmers grow crops without pesticides(杀虫剂). More surprisingly,plants also communicate by sound that people can't hear.Some plants make noises with their roots and also "listen"to the noises from others.They can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful,or unfriendly.Some trees even make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all,plants have a great way of communication to link (nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this the "wood wide web".It is similar to the Internet we use.While the Internet is a network of computers linked by cables and satellites,the "wood wide web"is connected underground by fungi ()which link the roots of different plants.With the "wood wide web",plants can share information and even food with each other.For example,pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough to be able to "talk"with plants ourselves. ( )11.What does a bean plant do when it is attacked by insects? A.It kills the insects on its own. B.It drives away the insects at once. C.It gives out chemicals from the leaves.D.It receives chemicals from other plants. ( )12.How do fungi connect the "wood wide web"? A.By joining plant roots together. B.By providing food for smaller plants. C.By linking cables and satellites. D.By sending information to the forest. ( )13.What is the writer's purpose of writing the last paragraph? A.To show the writer's doubts. B.To praise scientists'achievements. C.To provide another example. 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