专题8 构词法-【中考宝典】2024年中考英语(深圳专用版)

新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版) 专题】1 构词法 命题点1派生法 英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词 缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀 1.前缀 (1)表否定意义的前缀 前缀 含义 例词 happy→unhappy(不高兴的) friendly→unfriendly(不友好的) 不 ur- usual→unusual(不寻常的) able→unable(不能的) popular→unpopular(不流行的) active→inactive(不积极的) correct→incorrect(不正确的) in 不 expensive→inexpensive(不贵的) polite→impolite(不礼貌的) 不 patient→impatient(没有耐心的) im- possible→impossible(不可能的) like→dislike(不喜欢) 不 appear→disappear(消失) di- agree→disagree(不同意) smoker→non-smoker(非吸烟者) 不 nor- human→non-human(非人类的 native→non-native(非母语的;非本地的) (2)其他 前缀 含义 例词 understand→misunderstand(误解) mis- 错误,失误 lead→mislead(误导) behavior→misbehavior(行为不端) 又,再,重新 view→review(复习) r write→rewrite(重写) net→Internet(互联网) national→international(国际的) inter 相互 connect→interconnect(相互关联) tele- 远 phone→telephone(电话) vision→television(电视) en 使可能 rich→enrich(使丰富) able→enable(使能够) live→alive(活着的) wake→awake(醒着的) 处于.....情况 sleep→asleep(睡着的) 94 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 跟踪训练1. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.(2022·镇江)Eddie, look at your 4. When turning on the TV, I saw a CCTV (tidy) room. You'd better keep everything in reporter (cover)a big order. earthquake in Nepal. (patient). 2.(2021·泰州)Don'tbe 5. The skirt is (expensive). We're sure to win the fight against the disease. I'll take it. 6.I 3.(202l·无锡)We couldsee the (agree) that moms do all the (happy) on his face after he heard the bad news. housework. Everyone should share. 2.后缀 含义 后缀 例词 wide→widely quiet→quietly +-ly sad→sadly slow→slowly 以“辅音字母十y”结尾的形容 happy→happily 形容词→ 词,变y为i,再加-ly angry→angrily 副词 以“辅音字母十le”结尾的形容 simple→simply 词,去掉e,再加-y terrible→terribly 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉 true→truly e,再加-ly rain→rainy +y health→healthy wealth→wealthy luck→lucky 十-ly week→weekly love→lovely 名词→ friend→friendly 形容词 十-ous danger→dangerous 十-ful care→careful use→useful help→helpful 十-less use→useless help→helpless care→careless 士-ed disappoint→disappointed interest→interested 十-ing follow→following 动词→ interest→interesting 形容词 十-tive act→active create→creative 十-able enjoy→enjoyable comfort→comfortable 95 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版) 跟踪训练2. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.(2022·镇江)Millie is interested in Biology and (careless)will be a she often records the (nature) disaster not only to ourselves but also to beauty in the park. patients. 2.(2o23·镇江)In the folk story, the amazing white 5. Miss Li is a kind teacher and she always ( lucky) saved by a snake is talks to us (gentle). young man. 3.(2023· 无.锡)Our planet is becoming more and 6. Everyone's small acts of more (pollute). How can we start (kind) can make a big difference to the all over again? world. 命题点2合成法 英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下; 名称 例子 合成名词 classroom,blackboard,football, railway, postcard,playground, reading-room worldwide, good-looking, everyday, middle-aged, man-made, second-hand. 合成形容词 hard-working,well-known, peace-loving, good-looking, black-white, warm-hearted 合成动词 overcome, whitewash, overcome, sleepwalk 合成数词 fifty-four somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, something 合成代词 anything,everything,nothing 合成副词 sometimes, maybe, downstairs, forever, whole-heartedly 合成介词 inside, within, into 跟踪l练3.. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2022· 宿迁)-Where canI buy 4. After a night's rain, the mountains are much some books, Simon? greener and the air is much (fresh). -Go to the in the shopping mall in Old Street. You will find many books there. A. restaurant B. bookshop C.cinema D. library 96 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 中考在线 变式训练 2.(2022·无锡)For your own 5. These (fisherman) homes are ( safe), you shouldn't climb mountains no longer in the boats because of the alone. government's no fishing law on Yangtze River. 3.(2023·无锡)The (win) of this 6. Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (经济特区) year's Spelling Bee is . Daniel! celebrated its ( forty) birthday on Oct. 14,2020. 命题点3转化法 英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往 往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式有:名词→动词,形容词→动词,动词→名词。 形式 例词 show(n.展览;展示)→show(v.表演:展出) water(n.水)→water(v.浇水) 名词→动词 speed(n.速度)→speed(v.加速) 形容词→动词 slow(adi.慢的)→slow(v.放慢) walk(v.散步;走)→walk(n.散步) look(v.看)→look(n.看) 动词→名词 talk(v.谈话)→talk(n.谈话) rest(v.休息)→rest(n.休息) break(u.打破)→break(n.休息) 2024·备考精练 用括号中所给词的恰当形式填空 1.It's (danger) to play with fire. 2. It's noisy outside, and I can't hear you (clear). 3. Nothing is a waste if we have a (create)mind. 4. More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge 5. Lucy used to be (real) shy. So she took acting classes to deal with her shyness. 6. After the earthquake, plenty of food and clothes were provided for the (home) people. 7.-Have you been to the Beijing Expo(北京世博会) in Yanqing? -Yes.it'sa (collect) of art gardening and high technology 8. One needs three things to be (true) happy in life: something to do, someone to love and something to expect. 9.The (able) won't feel that lonely if everyone can do something to help them. 97 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版 10. Mobike is considered to be a new (invent) in China. 11. The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn't hide her (sad). 12.We can't (simple) judge a book by its cover or its title. 13. Every year many foreign (tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China. 14. With the help of the teacher, there has been a great (improve) in her spoken English. 15. Which is more (value) to you, health or wealth? 16. We hada (discuss) about the coming graduation ceremony. 17. As a good teacher. she is never (patient) with her students. 18. For your own (safe), please do not walk about on the plane. 微语篇语法选择 Long ago and far away, there lived an old man and an old woman. One day, while the woman was washing clothes in the river, she saw a great big orange on the water moving slowly towards her. 1 , she caught the orange and decided to take it home to eat. When the woman began to open the orange, suddenly, out jumped a little 2 boy! The man and the woman didn't know what they should do. But they felt very 3 and named the boy Bobonaro, or Orange Boy, As time went by, the boy became very strong and brave. Life was wonderful until some robbers(盗 贼) moved onto a 4 island. The robbers were always stealing many things from the people. Bobonaro wanted to 5 all of them away. So he put some of his mother's delicious food into a box and left home with it for the island. Along the way, he met a dog, a monkey and a bird. Bobonaro gave each of 6 some food and helped them a lot. So they became good friends. When he told them about his problem, each of the three friends said,"I will help you get the robbers away." With the help of his three friends, Bobonaro drove the robbers away 7 . He and his friends returned home with the 8 things that were stolen by the robbers. All the people in the town were so happy to see their things back that they cheered and called him a hero. )1. A.Excite B.Excited s1 C. Excitedly , B. lovely )2.A.love C.lover ,→_ B. happiness )3.A.happily C. happy B.near )4. A.nearby C. nearly ,_ B.driver )5. A.drive C.driven _ )6.A.they B. their C.them ,_ )7.A.success B. successful C. successfully B. valued )8.A.value C. valuable 98 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 语法填空 (一) (2023· 长沙改编)Do you know World Letter Writing Day?It falls 1. September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people 2. (take) a break from today's social media(媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand. Who should you write to? Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive 3. (you)letter. How do you write a letter? 4. (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting such as "Dear.." should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as "Love" or“Yours truly"needs to follow the body, End it by 5. (sign)it. Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter? It is a surprise that may make someone's day. It's6. good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes 7. (enjoy)memories(回忆). Some people save 8 (letter) and look at them over the years. A recent study shows that letter writing 9 (make) the writer happy, too."Handwriting is your DNA. It's your fingerprint that only you can share with others," said Richard Simpkin. So. get some paper 10. pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today (二) (2023·鄂州改编)Motuo lies in the south of the Himalayas in Tibet. It 1. (know) as the“Natural Museum of Tibet". It is home 2. all kinds of mountains, rivers, waterfalls. plants and animals. Its special geographic location(地理位置) makes it a beautiful place. It was one of3. (hard) places to reach and was the last city in China without a highway. The construction (施 工.) of the first highway to Motuo 4. (start) in the 1960s. However, it was not completed until over 5o years later. In 2ol4. the construction of 5. (it) second highway-the Paimo Highway started. In October 2o22, 6. construction of the main body of the highway was completed. They are great engineering projects. In this area, earthquakes and heavy rains happened very . (regular), There could be falling rocks or even landslides(滑坡). People must build many walls and nets to protect the two highways. Another challenge was the snow. Large amounts of snow sometimes destroyed rocks and roads. As a result, the construction of the highways to Motuo was stopped several times. 8. (solve)this problem,people built a tunnel(隧道)that goes through the mountain area. The two highways stand for the Chinese 9. (spirit) of "never giving up". They are ways to connect Motuo to the outside world and show 10. China cares about people in the far areas. 99英语·参考答案 三、语法填空 7.regularly 8.To solve 10.Neither:nor (一) 9.spirits 10.how 二、微语篇语法选择 1.fifth 2.stories 专题九 句子种类与 (一-)I-6 CBBACC 3.widely 4.a 简单句的基本类型 三、语法填空 5.jumped 6.to remember 跟踪调练1 (-) 7.eating 8.exciting 1.doesn't think it's easy 1.reasons 2.what 9.that 10.like 2.nothing 3.their 4.invited (二) 3.hasn't made 5.with 6.younger 1.their 2.was driving 4.Tom doesn't enjoy playing basketball 7.excitedly 8.to tell 3.farther 4.before on the school playground. 9.thinking 10.8 5.of 6.movies (二) 5.never goes 7.really 8.an 1.but 6.had better not 2.visiting 9.to do 10.helped 跟踪训练2 3.written 4.who 专题八构词法 4.B5.A6.C 5.unless 1.B2.A3.C 6.by 跟踪训练1 7.unable 跟踪训练3 8.Though 1.untidy 2.impatient 1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A 6.C 9.are invited have been invited 3.unhappiness 4.covering 10.A 2024·备考精练 5.inexpensive 6.disagree 专题十一 主从复合句 跟踪训练2 一、用合适的词填空 跟踪训练1 1.natural 2.luckily 1.What a 2.How 1.D2.B3.D4.B5.D6.D 3.polluted 4.Carelessness 3.What 4.What 跟踪训练2 5.gently 6.kindness 5.What 6.How long 1.D2.A3.A4.D5.D6.A 跟踪训练3 7.How often 8.How far 跟踪调练3 1.B 2.safety 9.1s there 10.No 1.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.A 3.winner 4.fresher 二，微语篇语法选择 跟踪训练4 5.fishermen's 6.fortieth 1-5 ABACC 6-8 BAC 1.C2.D3.A 4.A5.C6.C 2024·备考精练 三，语法填空 跟踪训练5 (一) 一、用括号中的恰当形式填空 1.B2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A 1.bottles 2.and 1.dangerous 2.clearly 2024·备考精练 3.for 4.dangerous 3.creative 4.importance 5.to tell 6.n 一、用恰当的连词、从句引导词或所 5.really 6.homeless 7.Finally 8.has created 给词的适当形式填空 7.collection 8.truly 9.them 10.is 1.if.whether 9.disabled 10.invention (二) 2.so:that 11.sadness 12.simply 1.was sailing 2.Luckily 3.unless 13,tourists 14.improvement 3.by 4.was called 4.although:though 15.valuable 16,discussion 5.until.before 6.a 5.while 6.whether 17.impatient 18.safety 7.to eat 8.Because 7.lived 8.rises 二，微语篇语法选择 9.surprise 9.which/that 10.whom 1-5 CBCAA 6-8 CCC 10.the most unbelievable 11.who/that 12,whose 三，语法填空 专题十 并列句 13.so that/in order that (一) 14.who 15.how 跟踪训练 1.on 2.to take 二、微语篇语法选择 1.C2.D3.C 4.C5.A6.D 3.your 4.Generally 1-5 CCCCA 6-8 CCB 5.signing 6.a 2024·备考精练 三、语法填空 7.enjoyable 8.letters 一、用恰当的并列连词填空 (一) 9.makes 10.nd 1.and 2.0r 1.herself 2.villagers (二) 3.but 4.s0 3.first 4.without 1.is known 2.to 5.Neither 6.Either 5.decision 6.hours' 3.the hardest 4.started 7.and./while 8.and 7.the 8.have made 5.its 6.the 9.not only:but also 9.to see 10.deeply