专题4 冠词-【中考宝典】2024年中考英语(深圳专用版)

第二部分基础语法考点精析 专题四 冠词 思维导图 冠词知识 虚词，不独用，仅附 于名词前，即“帽” 不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词 “一个” “这/那个；这/那些” (不用冠词) 判断名词是否单数， 辅音前读[0】 在某些专有抽象/ 元音前用an否则用a 元音前读[0i] 物质前 泛指表“一个”，但 特指，表“这个/那个： 表类别，hc+单数不译 在表示类别 概念比one弱 这些/那些” 为“这/那” 复数名词前 表类别，a+可数名词 指谈话双方都知道 再次提到上文提到 在季节、月份、 单数，不译为“一” 的人或事物 过的人或事物 星期、三餐前 表示单位，相当于 用在世界上独一无 用在序数词和最高 称呼语或表示 “每”的意思 二的事物前 级前，of the two时 头衔职务的词前 用于序数词前，表 用在江河湖海群 在姓氏复数前， 学科和球类运动 “又一，再一” 岛山脉的名称前 表夫妇或全家 的名称前 用于某些固定词组 用在“play+thet thc+ad表一类 名词前有代词 中a lot of等 乐器”结构中 人，被视为复数 或所有格时 在习惯说法中： 在某些固定词组 in the moming等 中：at night,by bus 解题步骤 先句意后语法 固定/习惯用语 零冠词现象 这个那个 可数 带定语“的” an+元音 a+辅音 有无冠词区别 hour/honest UFO/European in (the)front of Aa Ee Ff Hh li LI Mm Nn Oo Rr Ss Xx 不可数 in (the)hospital 》53e 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版）】 考点考情分析 深圳近五年中考统计 考点 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 定冠词 the 不定冠词 a a a a 从近5年深圳中考英语的情况来看，冠词是语法填空的必考考点。 命题趋势 学生在备考时应熟记初中阶段所学的与冠词相关的知识点，尤其是能够有效区分 元音和辅音开头的可数名词。 命题点工不定冠词a/an的用法 a(an)用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或 A car is faster than a bike..汽车比自行车快。 事物的某一种类 这里acar和a bike都是指种类，不指数量。 2 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩正在等你。 a和n均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人 We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. 或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”， 我们明天上英语课。 3 但不用于强调数目的概念（也就是说数的概念 I have a mouth,a nose,two eyes and two ears. 没有one强烈) 我有一张嘴，一个鼻子，两只眼晴和两个耳朵。 4 使用不定冠词表示单位 f6 fty miles an hour每小时50英里，twice a week每周两次 5 表示生什么病前应用a have a headache头疼，have a cold感冒 give,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连 have a talk/bath/look;make a living promise;take a swim 6 用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a walk:give a talk/smile It is a great joy to study at this college. 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要 在这所大学学习是一种极大的乐趣。 7 加a This kind of wood can be made into good paper. 这种木头可以用来造纸。 8 用于某些固定的词组中 a bit (of),a cup of,a few,a little,a lot of,a number of 在名词前使用a还是an要取决于该名词的读音。如果名词是元音音素开头，应用an:如果名词是 辅音音素开头，应用a。 注意：a,e,i,0,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是ju:或u/时前面用冠词a,u 发音是//时前面用冠词an。 ●)》54● 第二部分基础语法考点精析 中考中常见前面带冠词a和an的有： Aa an apple， an artist， an American boy， an Asian country， an aunt Ee a European country， an egg， an eight-month baby， an 11-year-old boy Ii an idea， an interesting book Oo a one-eyed wolf， an orange， an old man， an outgoing girl an umbrella， an unusual story， an unhappy woman， an ugly man， Uu a useful book， a UFO， a usual story， a university student an hour， an honest boy 26个字母中以元音音素开头的辅音字母有 $$： \left\{ - | e I | ， h - | e n J / / ， 1 - | e l / ， m - | e m / ， n - | e n | ， t ^ { - }$$ 跟踪训练1 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.() (2023·十堰) 一Do you know Journey 4. 4.() James is hard-working to the West? engineer. His spirit encourages us. -Yes. It’s interesting book. I like A.a B.an it very much. C.the A.a B.an C.the 2.() (2023·青岛) I watched The 5.() -I'd like to help kids with their Wandering Earth h Ⅱ last night. It is schoolwork. wonderful film. -You could volunteer in after A.a B.an C.the D./ school study program to teach them. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.() (2022·遂宁) There is 6.() -What are you going to be when you useful robot in the restaurant near my home. grow up， Lily? It can serve food to customers. -I’m going to be astronaut like A.an B.a C.the D./ Wang Ya ping. A.a B.an C.the D. 55 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版）】 命题点2定冠词的用法 -Where are the new books.Jim? 指双方都知道的人或物 吉姆，那些新书在哪里？ They are on the small table.它们在小桌子上。 Today he is making a machine.He wants to ride the 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a/ machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 2 an,下次再出现此名词时用the 今天他在制造一种机器，他想把这种机器像自行车一样 骑，像飞机一样飞。 名词后有表示范固、地，点的介词短语 The boys here are interested in sports. 3 限定，此名词前用the 这里的男孩子们对运动很感兴趣。 序数词前表示顺序时前面用the Mary is the third to come in.玛丽是第三个进来的。 形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词 Mary is the only girl that is often late for class. 5 前用the 玛丽是唯一一个上课经常迟到的女孩。 用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名 6 The sun is bigger than the moon..太阳比月亮大。 词前 7 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前用the The sun rises in the east..太阳从东方升起e the用于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示 8 the Smiths史密斯夫妇 家人或一姓的夫妇二人 the United States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)， 9 “the十普通名词”构成专有名词 the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国) Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play “play十乐器”表示弹奏时，该乐器名 the flute.Alice喜欢拉小提琴，而Kate喜欢吹长笛。 10 词前加the:但在表示数量时可用a This is a new piano against the wall. 这是一架靠墙的新钢琴。 “the十形容词（形容词名词化）”表示 the poor穷人，the rich富人，the sick病人， 11 一类人或事物 the beautiful美丽的人 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称 12 the North China Plain华北平原 的前面 on the right,left在右f左边，in the front of在…的前 面，in the middle of the meeting,'the forest在会议/森林中 13 一些含the的习惯用语 间，at the foot of the hill在山脚下，in the afternoon在下 午，in the daytime白天，at the beginning在开始，in the end在结尾 》56e 第二部分基础语法考点精析 跟踪训练2“·. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·新疆)-Have you heard of Xu 4.( medical book Tian Hui Yi Fengcan, excellent pilot? Jian by Bian Que and Cang Gong has come -Yes,she made every effort on way out in Chengdu. to growing into a real pilot. A.A B.An C.The D. A.the;/B.the;a C.an;the D.an; 2.( )(2023·宿迁)-Betty began to play 5.( )-What's the most important violin at the age of four. tradition in Chinese family? -No wonder she plays so well. We must care for old. A.a B.an C.the D./ A.a;an B.a;the C.an;/ D.the;an 3.( )(2022·黑龙江)-Beijing is only 6.( )China has helped end 70%of city to hold the Summer Olympics and the Winter poverty worldwide since late Olympics. 1970s,according to World Bank. -Yes,so it's called city of“Double A.a;a B.the;the Olympics”. C.a;the D.the;a A.a;an B.a;the C.an;/D.the;a 命题点3不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 Wood can be made into chairs and tables. 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词 木头可以做成桌椅。 表示节日、月份、星期的名词前一般不加 Spring is coming.春天就要来了。 the:但如果表示有某年限定的季节和月 He was born in the summer of 1964. 份时，季节和月份前要加the 他出生于1964年的夏天。 learn Chinese/maths/physics/chemistry 学语文/数学/物理/化学 3 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词 China is in Asia.中国在亚洲。 in Germany/Japan在德国/日本 in Africa/Europe在非洲/欧洲 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不 Christmas Day圣诞节，Children'sDay儿童节， 加冠词 Teachers'Day教师节，Wall Street华尔街 e》57e 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版）】 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部 go to work/.college/hospital上班/上大学/上医院 5 门时，名词前不加冠词 be in hospital/school/bed住院/在上学f卧床 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词：如果前面 have breakfast/lunch,supper吃早餐/午饭，晚餐， 有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿…的 have a big supper/.nice lunch吃一顿大餐/好的午餐 饭”，可加冠词 表示交通工具的手段时，用“by十名词” by bike/taxi/car/train/plane/spaceship by sea/ 表示，该名词前不用冠词。如果用介词 water in his car,on the bus plane in或on,名词前要加冠词或物主代词 Walking on the moon is difficult. 8 动名词前一般不用冠词 在月球上行走是困难的。 “play十球类，棋类、游戏名称”时，此类 9 play basketball打篮球，play chess下棋 名词前不加冠词 “名词十基数词”表示顺序时，前面不加冠 Page Three=the third page第三页， 10 词the L,esson One=the first lesson第一深 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代 his second son他的第二个儿子，that old man那个 11 词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再 老人，Mr Wang'scar王先生的车 用冠词 表示时间或地，点的一些“介词十名词”的 at home在家，in town在镇上，at noon中午，in trouble 12 词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词 陷入困难，in danger处于危险中，in fact事实上 13 在称呼语或表示头衔名词前不用冠词 President of America美国的总统 注意：英语中有“定冠不定冠，意思差千万”的说法。也就是说有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词其意义截 然不同。试比较： at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中 go to school 去上学 go to the school 到那所学校去 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床那边去 in front of 在…的前面 in the front of 在…的前部 》58e 第二部分基础语法考点精析 跟踪练3· 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·营口)China's panda Ya Ya 4.( )After school,I bought finished 30-day stay in Shanghai present for my mother. after landing in China and then was sent to A./;a B.a;/ Beijing Zoo in May. C.a;the D.the;/ A.a;a B.a:the C.the;a D.a:/ 2.( )(2023·绥化)Bob is my brother..He 5.( )-Are you free on weekends? likes playing basketball,but he -Yes,I am going to have picnic on doesn't like playing piano. Sunday. A.the;a B./;the A.the;an B.a;the C.an:the D.a:the C.a;/ D.an:/ 3.( )(2022·内蒙古)We usually go 6.Be quiet,please!We're on fifth swimming in summer. But in floor.The students of Grade One are summer of 2022,we didn't. having a meeting. A./;/ B.a:a C./;the D.a:/ 2024·备考精练 ●用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词的用“/”表示 1.My family have breakfast together every day.This helps us start a day well. 2.There are four seasons in year. first season is spring. 3.China is Asian country,while France is European country. 4.Wu Jing is great actor,like role he played in The Climbers. 5. new study says that going to bed late is harmful to our health. 6.Tom has high fever and his mother takes him to see doctor. 7.Several years ago I studied in university in Shanghai. 8.I have English dictionary and it helps me a lot. 9.Shenzhen is one of most beautiful cities in China. 10.She is one of most popular teachers in this school. 11. Browns have been to China twice. 12.Mary takes walk after supper every day. ●)》59● 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 13.After breakfast,I hurried to school. 14.What nice day！Let's go for picnic. 15.I got so wet because I didn't have umbrella with me. @微语篇语法选择 (2o23·青海改编)It was a sunny day.Jenny and her mother went to a park.When they got to 1 park,Jenny wanted to ride the roller coaster(过山车). But it seemed that 2 people were already waiting in the line.Suddenly.a boy cut in line )"Hey,you!You must follow the rules in 3 public.Would you please get in the line?" Jenny shouted at the boy angrily.The boy's face turned red at once."I'm sorry,"the boy lowered his head and went to the back of the line. After that,Jenny and her mother went around to take photos.There were different kinds of flowers in the park like tulips and sunflowers.Then Jenny saw 4 sea of roses,which are her favorite.When she was going to pick some red roses,her mother stopped her,"Honey,5 roses are beautiful,but we shouldn't pick them because other people want to enjoy them,too."Jenny was ashamed,"Mum,I agree with what you said.I won't do it again." "Honey,I am proud of you,her mother nodded with 6 big smile on her face. On that night,Jenny wrote in her diary,"What 7 interesting day!" )1.A.a B.an C.the )2.A.hundreds of B.a hundred of C.hundred of )3.A.an B.the C. )4.A.the B.a C. ( )5.A.the B.' C.a ( )6.A.the B.an C.a )7.A.an B.the C. ©语法填空 (-) (2023.)Zhang Daqian was born on May 10.1899,in Neijiang.Sichuan.He was one of the most famous Chinese 1. (artist)of the 20th century. At a young age,he 2. (encourage)by his family to paint.In 1917,he went to Japan 3. learn painting.Two years later,he went to Shanghai to receive 4. (tradition)painting instruction from two famous Chinese painters.5. the help of them.Zhang had the chance to study some ancient paintings. Zhang went to the north in the late 1920s.He 6. (begin)to work with a Beijing )》60● 第二部分基础语法考点精析 painter,Pu Xinyu.Zhang and Pu were so well-known 7. they were honored as "South Zhang and North Pu'”.It showed their high status(地位)in painting. In 1940.Zhang Daqian went to the caves (of Mogao and Yulin.He and his group worked hard day and night there.8. (final),they studied over 200 paintings.After this experience,his painting skills were much 9 (good)than before.His painting,created in 1978,was sold at 10. very good price in 2023. (二) (2022.)What should you do if you have a headache?In modern times,people often take aspirin(可司匹林).But is aspirin 1, (real)a modern medicine? More than 4,000 years ago,ancient Egyptians used dried leaves to treat pain.And in the 2. (four)century BC a medicine made from tree bark (3. (use)to treat fevers.In the nineteenth century,European scientists discovered that both medicines have the same chemical.They used the chemical to make a modern medicine-aspirin.Today.it's one of the world's 4. (cheap)and most helpful medicines. Some of the medicines we have today come from 5. (tradition)Chinese medicine. In the third century BC.some people 6. (begin)studying the human body.They tried many different ways to treat the patients and recorded their results.For more than 2,000 years, doctors recorded 7. they found in books.These ancient books are still useful today.Tu Youyou,a Chinese medical researcher,found that in the past,people used a herb with yellow flowers to treat fevers.After studying it,she developed a medicine that saved millions of people 8. dying. For 9. (century),Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine.But today,scientists are studying traditional treatments 10. (develop)new medicines. e)61新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 三，语法填空 6.B 2024·备考精练 (一) 跟踪训练2 一，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.what 2.appeared 1.C2.C3.D 4.A 5.their 1.thirds 2.thirties 3.earliest 4.by 6.B 3.the first 4.twelfth 5.because 6.hundreds 跟踪训练3 5.eight 6.ninth 7.comfortably 8.the 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.A6.D 7.fourths 8.fifth 9.invention 10.brushing 跟踪训练4 (二) 9.once 10.forties 1.B2.A3.C4.C5.A6.A 1.especially 2.harmful 11.thousands 12.hundred 跟踪训练5 3.Without 4.endangered 13.third 14.twice:three 1.D2.A3.B 4.D5.C6.D 5.the strongest 6.are caught 二、微语篇语法选择 7.The 跟踪训练6 8.groups 1-5 ACABB 6-8 CAC 9.to develop 10.have shown 1.B2.B3.C4.B5.D6,B 三、语法填空 专题四 冠词 跟踪训练7 (一) 跟踪训练1 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.D 1.elephants 2.the 1.B2.A3.B 4.A5.B6.B 6.Whose 3.was 4.Why 跟踪训练2 2024·备考精练 5.scared 6.thought 1.C2.C3.D 4.C5.B6.B 7.to protect 8.at 一、用括号内适当的代词填空 跟踪训练3 9.quickly 10.themn 1.these:they 2.theirs 1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C (二) 3.it 4.Which 6.the: 1.first 2.Thousands 5.t 6.yourselves 2024·备考精练 3.raised 4.to fix 7.her 8.it:its 5.If 6.minutes' 一、用适当的冠词填空，不定冠词 9.themselves 10.theirs 用/表示 7.internationally 8.has passed 11.yourselves 12.her 1./ 2.a:The 9.worse 10.am fighting 13.that 14.Their:them 3.an:a 4.a:the 专题七介词 二、微语篇语法选择 5.A:/ 6.8:a 跟踪训练1 1-5 BCCAC 6-8 ACC 7.a 8.an 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.B 9.the 10.the 三，语法填空 跟踪训练2 11.The:/ 12.a:/ (-） 1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A6.C 13./:/ 14.n:a 1.proudly 2.has attracted 跟踪训练3 15.an 3.in 4.interest 1.D2.C3.C4.B5.B6.C 二，微语篇语法选择 5.first 6.me 跟踪训练4 1-7 CACBACA 7.When 8.a 1.B2.C3.D4.C 三，语法填空 9.has 10.to show 跟踪训练5 (-) (二) 1.B2.B3.B 4.C 1.artists 1.an 2.is 跟踪训练6 2.was encouraged 3.western 4.traditional 1.D2.A3.C 4.B5.A6.A 3.to learn 4.traditional 5.0m 6.luck 5.With 6.began 2024·备考精练 7.is named 7.that 8.Finally 一、用适当的介词填空 8.has developed 9.better 10,8 1.for 2.like 9.meaning 10.forms (二) 3.to 4.with 1.really 2.fourth 专题六 数词 5.at 6.with 3.was used 4.cheapest 跟踪训练1 7.at 8.of 5.traditional 6.began 1.D2.C3.A4.C5.D6.C 9.0m 10.with 7.what 8.from 跟踪训练2 11.on 12.with among 9.centuries 10.to develop 1.C2.C3.A4.B5,D6.C 13.from 14.across 专题五代词 跟踪训练3 15.of:for 跟踪训练1 1.B2.D3.B4.B5.A6.C 二、微语篇语法选择 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.you:it 1-5 AABBB 6-8 CBA