专题2 动词-【中考宝典】2024年中考英语(深圳专用版)

第二部分基础语法考点精析 专题二 动词 思维导图 动词 系动词 充当谓语 常接形客词作表语 主谓一致 系动词 情态动词 助动词 实义动词 be动词 “保持“变化” 感官动词 系动词+表语 情态动词+ 助动词+动 独立充当谓语 betadv.+adj become,seem,turn, look,sound,taste, 动词原形 词原形 “如何是” grow.get,keep,stay smell.feel 情态动词 意义用法 表示推测 许可”一MayL.? “一定"must -Certainly/Sure./Yes,you can. -Sorry,but you can't/mustn't. “可能"may,might,could “必须"一Must I.?一Yes,you must.. -No,you needn't/don't have to. “不可能”can't “不得不”-Do I have to.?-Yes,you must.. -No,you needn't/don't have to. “需要”实义动词：not need to do sth. 情态动词：needn't do sth. “意愿”-Would you like to do.? 一'd like to.. -I'd like to,but.. “最好”had better You'd better (not)do... 助动词 句型操作及答语 狭义概念： “赠送的” 扩展概念：“自带的” do,does,did 凡谓语由两部分构成之前者 实义动词身份 助动词身份/强调功能 )》11 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 实义动词 及物动词必须球宾语 不及物动词不直接跟宾语 时态 语态 意思需要 时问，标志 被动：be+done -般现在 名称 谓动 意义 一般过去 一般现在时 do/does 平时经常做 一般过去时 did 莱次过去做 一般将采 现在进行时 be+doing 含情态动词 现在正在做 过去进行时 was/were+doing 过去正在做 选项有无被动只 需考虑时态 一般将来时 will+do 现在将要做 使役动词正常 *过去将来时 would+do 过去将要做 不带t0被动则带 现在完成时 have/has+done 到现在已做 过去究成时 had+done 在过去已做 非调语动词 作主语被视为单数 动词短语 不定式tod0 现在分词doing 过去分词done ■ 意思 结构 搭配 作主语 常被形主t代替 作主语 判定：后有谓动 have sth.done使被 动词+介词 doing 作表语 betto do“是做” 作宾语 be+doing“正在做 be done被做" 宾语一律后置 作宾语 被形宾it代替 动词+副词 作宾补 省to不省 代宾中，名中后 作定语 要后置，省介否 be+ad.+介词 作状语 表目的，原因 宾从省略式 疑问词+odo 动词中考点 时态语态 动词短语 非谓语动词 情态动词 词义辨析 考点考情分析 深圳近五年中考统计 考点 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 动词和动词短语 cried is made came be shared; was sitting; was chosen: 时态和语态 is:stopped came cried was influenced made ●)》12e 第二部分基础语法考点精析 深圳近五年中考统计 考点 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 非谓语动词 to play to buy to spread to draw to discover 从近5年深圳中考英语的情况来看，动词固定搭配、时态语态变换是语法填 空的重点高频考点。 命题趋势 学生在备考时应熟记初中阶段所学的与动词相关的知识点，应在对句型句式 准确判断的基础上填入恰当的动词形态。 命题点口动词和动词短语 1.动词的基本用法 表示动作状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态 动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。 2.实义动词词义辨析 实义动词也称行为动词，它表示主语的动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。行为动词可分为及物 动词和不及物动词，可接宾语的是及物动词，不可以接宾语的是不及物动词。 分类 用法及例句 l.单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget 忘记；borrow借入：buy买：catch抓；invent发明：found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；receive 接受；see看见；say说：make做；tell告诉。 I'm sorry that I forgot your address.对不起，我忘了你的地址。 2.双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）的动词，如：give给：buy买：pay付 款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖。 及 I am going to return the books to him tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午要把书还给他。 苦 3.接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信：find发现；hear听见，听说； 动 keep保持；make使得；see看见。 词 They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes.他们让他在门口等了20分钟。 4.接动名词作寒语的动词：如：advise建议；consider考虑：finish完成；imagine想象；practise 练习：suggest建议。 She practises playing the piano every day,.她每天都练习弹钢琴。 5.接不定式作宾语的动词：如：agree同意：decide决定，下决心：hope希望：refuse拒绝； manage设法做成。 Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident..比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。 ●)》13● 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 分类 用法及例句 不能直接跟宾语。但如果有些不及物动词要带宾语时，先加介词后加宾语。 不 He is waiting for you at the gate..他在门口等着你。 及 【知识拓展】 物 常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛：appear出现：arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于； 动 care关心；come来cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存：faint昏倒， 词 变得微弱；fall落下：flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听：live生活，居住； look看：occur发生：rise上升，起立；sit坐：smile微笑：swim游泳 跟踪训练！ 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·无锡)-Let's go and get 4.( )-When will Mr Wang something to eat.What do you Beijing? -How about fish and chips? -Next month. A.suggest B.imagine A.come B.arrive C.suppose D.insist C.get D.reach 2.( )(2022·武汉)—Jack,tell me how to 5.( )He is a very honest man. He never this information. lies. -All right,Grandma.You can type it on this A.says B.speaks keyboard. C.tells D.talks A.delete B.enter C.collect D.receive 3.( )(2022·龙东)Our teacher us 6.( )A few days ago,a director performed a to read more books every day to enrich our dance for students to their pressure. knowledge. A.remind B.reduce A.encourages B.hopes C.refuse D.review C.prevents D.warns 3.情态动词 (1)定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作 谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 (2)特点： ①绝大多数情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)。 ②情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，即“情态动词十动词原形”。 e》14e 第二部分基础语法考点精析 否定式构成是在其后面加not,即“情态动词十not十动词原形”。 ③个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不 强，可用于过去、现在或将来。 (3)常见的情态动词归类： ①只作情态动词：can,could,may,might,must ②可作情态动词，也可作实义动词：need ③可作情态动词，也可作助动词：will,would,shall,should ④特殊的情态动词：have to,ought to (4)can的基本用法 ①表示有能力做某事，意为“能够；会”。 He can speak English.他能说英语。 -Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗？ 一No,Ican't.不，我不会。 ②表示许可或请求许可，意为“可以”。 Can I take a look at your new watch?我能看一看你的新手表吗？ 一Yes,please!好啊，请。 ③表示推测，一般用在疑问句或否定句中，即can be表推测，意为“可能是”；can'tbe表示否定推 测，意为“不可能”。 Can the news be true?这消息可能是真的吗？ Mr.Zhang can't be in the office.He has gone to the library. 张先生不可能在办公室，他已经去图书馆了。 ④could为can的过去式，它可以代替can用于现在时态，但语气较为客气，委婉。 Could I use your computer?我能使用你的电脑吗？ 跟踪练2· 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·青岛)-Is that Jim running on 4.( )Protect your hearing.Don't wait the playground? until you hear a thing. -1t be him.He is always in the A.needn't library at this time. B.mustn't A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.shouldn't C.can't D.needn't D.can't e》15e 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 中考在线 变式训练 2.( )(2023·长春)This be Alice's 5. )-Robert,look at the time. guitar.Hers is still in my house. you play the drums at such a late hour? A.should B.can't -Sorry,dear.I'll stop right now. C.must D.needn't A.Will B.May C.Can D.Must 3.( )(2023·抚顺)The lovely boy 6.( )-Whose T-shirt is this,Michael? ride a bike at the age of six. -It not be mine.Mine is white. A.must B.could C.need D.should A.need B.can C.must D.will (5)may的基本用法 ①表示许可或请求许可，意为“可以”。 You may come if you wish.如果你愿意的话你可以来。 May I come in?我能进来吗？ ②在回答以may提问的间句时，肯定回答一般可仍用may或“Yes,please../Certainly../Sure.,Of course.”,否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用：mustn't/can't/may not。 一May I watch TV?我能看电视吗？ 一No,you mustn't.You must play the piano first.不，你不能看电视，你必须先弹钢琴。 ③表示可能性或推测，意为“可能；也许”，用于肯定句。 It may rain later this afternoon,今天下午晚些时候可能会下雨。 ☆辨析may be与maybe 在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，表示“可能是；也许 是”，一般用在句中。 maybe是副词，表示“可能；也许”，一般用在句首。 He may be right.-Maybe he is right.他可能是对的。 ④表示祝愿。 May you succeed in achieving your goal!祝你成功实现你的目标！ 跟踪训练3， 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·锦州)-When?Monday?I'm 4.( )We carry forward the spirit afraid Monday be a problem for me. of serving the people whole-heartedly. -But why?I know you are free on Monday. A.might B.should A.need B.needn't C.could D.would C.might not D.might e》16e 第二部分基础语法考点精析 中考在线 变式训练 2.( )(2023·思施)We look both 5.( I hand in the poster ways when crossing the street. before the school is over? A.may B.could -No,you needn't. C.must D.can A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Do 3.( )(2023·郴州) people wear 6.( ) I take a seat here? helmets(头盔)when riding electric bicycles? -No,you can't.They're only for the old and -Yes.It's a new traffic rule. children. A.Can B.Must C.May D.Should A.May B.Must C.Will D.Should (6)must的基本用法 ①意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观意识。否定形式mustn't,意为“禁止”，语气强烈。 We must stop talking.我们必须停止说话。 You mustn't smoke here..你不能在这里吸烟。 ②表示推测，意为“一定是”，一般用于肯定句中。 She looks pale.She must be ill.她看起来脸色苍白，她一定生病了。 ③在回答以must提问的疑问句时，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don't need to/don't have to. 一Must I finish it today?我今天必须完成它吗？ 一Yes,you must.是的，你必须完成。 No,you needn't./No,you don't have/,need to.不，你没必要完成。 跟踪练4 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·无锡)Oh,come on! 4.( )-Hey,Clark.Would you like to have you doubt everything I say?I'm not a three- a picnic with us this weekend? year-old! Sorry,I'll have an exam next Monday,so I A.Can't B.Can prepare for it. C.Mustn't D.Must A.can B.may C.must D.need 2.( )(2023·辽宁)-Is this red 5.( )Mike,you play on the road. jacket Tony's? You be hurt. -No,it be his.He doesn't A.won't;can't like red. B.mustn't;may A.can't B.mustn't C.don't have to:must C.needn't D.wouldn't D.have got to;shouldn't e》17● 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版） 中考在线 变式训练 3.( )(2023·荆州)-You take 6.( )-Must I finish the report tomorrow the subway to the airport,for I can drive you morning? there directly. Although there isn't enough time -That's very kind of you. left for you,it's the rule. A.can't B.needn't A.Yes,you must B.No.you mustn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't C.Yes,you need D.No.you needn't (7)need的基本用法 ①意为“需要：必要”，作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。 You needn't hand in your homework tomorrow.你明天不需要交你的作业。 Need I attend the meeting this afternoon?今天下午我需要参加会议吗？ ②在回答以need提问的疑问句时，肯定回答一般用must,否定回答用needn't/don't need to/don't have to. 一Need we arrive at school early?我们需要早点到达学校吗？ Yes,you must.是的，你们必须。/一No,you needn't.不，你们没必要。 【拓展】need还可作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。 ①如果人作主语，一般后接动词不定式，即need to do sth.。 His parents think he needs to study hard..他的父母认为他需要努力学习。 ②如果物作主语，一般用need doing或need to be done。 The bike needs repairing..=The bike needs to be repaired..车子需要被修理。 跟踪练5· 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·安顺)-Kevin,it's Friday. 4.( )-Must I water the flowers now,Mum? You get up early tomorrow -No,you You do it morning. later. -Great!I'm so tired these days. A.mustn't;must B.mustn't;may A.must B.mustn't C.may D.needn't C.needn't;may D.needn't;must 2.( )(2o23·北京)一Must I stay here and 5.( )With their new lock,you wait for you? search for keys in your bag any more.Isn't it -No,you You can go home now. cool? A.needn't B.can't A.needn't B.can't C.mustn't D.shouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't e》18e 第二部分基础语法考点精析 中考在线 变式训练 3.( )(2023·鄂州) I take 6.( )-You take photos here! photos here? Look at the sign.It says“No photos”. -Sorry,you can't.It's not allowed in the -Sorry,I won't. museum. A.must B.need A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will C.mustn't D.needn't (8)have to的基本用法 ①意为“必须：不得不”，强调客观条件使得必须这样做。 We have to leave right now..It's getting dark.我们现在不得不离开，天越来越黑了。 ②有人称、数和时态的变化。 She has to give up her job because of her illness.由于她的疾病，她不得不放弃地的工作。 The teacher had to repeat his question,老师不得不重复他的问题。 跟踪练6一 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2022·朝阳)-Dad,must I become a 4.( )-Can you go swimming with us this doctor like you when I grow up? afternoon? -No,you You can do whatever -I'd love to,but I take care of my you like. little sister at home because my mother is ill. A.couldn't B.don't have to A.need B.must C.mustn't D.can't C.have to D.should 2.( )(2o22·青岛)-Allen,shall we go to 5.( )-The school is not far away.You the bookstore this afternoon? walk to school. -I'm sorry,David,but I meet my -All right.I exercise more to lose cousin at the train station. weight and keep fit. A.have to B.can A.had better;must B.have to;may C.may D.could C.would better;can D.needn't:should 3.( )(2022·珠海)-Must I finish my 6. These days people in China homework right now? take too much money when shopping because No,you You can do it later.But they often use Alipay or WeChat Pay. you'd better copy others'. A.needn't B.mustn't A.needn't;not to B.don't have to;not C.shouldn't D.can't C.mustn't;not D.can't;not to e》19e 新课标中考宝典·英语（深圳专用版）】 (9)shall,should的基本用法 ①shal用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见，此时常用第一人称。 Shall we sing an English song?我们唱首英文歌曲好吗？ ②should意为“应该”，用于各种人称，表示根据常理认为是对的事或应该去做的事。 We should be polite to our teachers..我们应该对我们的老师有礼貌。 意为“应该”，常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，可用于各种人称，其语气比must及 should ought to委婉，后接不带to的动词不定式。 意为“应该：最好”，后接不带to的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，动词had没有人 had better 称和数的变化。had better常用来提出建议。 (10)will,would的基本用法 ①wil表示主语的决心或意愿。 I will do my best to help you.我将尽力帮助你。 ②“Would you please…?”意为“请你…好吗？”表示客气的请求。“Would you like(todo) sth.?”意为“你想要做某事/某物吗？”“Would you mind doing sth.?”意为“你介意做某事吗？” Would you please clean the blackboard?请你擦黑板好吗？ Would you like(to eat)some noodles?你想吃些面条吗？ Would you mind turning on the TV?你介意打开电视吗？ 4.助动词和系动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，与主要动词连用构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等。 常见的助动词有be,do,have,will,shall等。 (1)助动词be ①进行时态：I am learning English.我在学英语。 ②被动语态：This book was published last year..这本书是去年出版的。 ③接不定式：Where are you going to meet'?你们打算在哪里碰头？ (2)助动词have ①完成时态：What has happened?发生了什么事？ ②完成进行时态：What have you been doing？你一直在千什么？ (3)助动词do ①构成疑问句：Do you know French?你懂法语吗？ ②构成否定句：I didn't go to the party.我没参加那个聚会。 ③表示之前所说的动作，避免重复： Idon't know English.Neither does he,.我不懂英语，他也不懂。 ④用在动词前加强语气：Do be careful.千万小心。 20●英语·参考答案 参 答 考 案 第二部分 跟踪训练2 9. bought 1.C 2. B 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.B 基础语法 考点精析 10. goes 跟踪训练3 名词 专题一 11. moves 1.D 2.C 3. B 4.B 5.A 6.A 12. is going to rain; rains 跟踪训练1 跟踪训练4 13. were taken 14. isn't allowed 1.A 2.C 3. B 4. B 5. B 6.C 15. will be given 1.D 2.A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 16. standing 跟踪训练2 跟踪训练5 17. Feeling 18. to get 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 19. to read;go 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.C 20. to help 跟踪训练3 跟踪训练6 1. A 2. China's 二、微语篇语法选择 1. B 2.A 3. B 4.C 5.A 6. A 1-5CBAAB 6-8ACB 3. the twins'; Tom and Jim's 跟踪训练7 三、语法填空 4. five minutes' ride 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 5.C 6.B (一) 跟踪训练8 1. was invented 跟踪训练4 2. is played 3. are called 1. B 2. D 3.B 4. B 5.C 6.C 1. the: the 2. Mother's 4. are placed 5. is called 跟踪训练9 6. develop 3. The Blacks 1.A 2.C 3.C 4. D 5. D 6.A 7. travelled 4. the Yangtze River 8. have played 9. has 跟踪训练10 5./ 6. the 10. will serve 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5.C 6. A (二) 2024·备考精练 1. to look 跟踪训练11 2. to go 一、用名词的适当形式填空 3. looking 1.C 2.A 3.C 4. B 5.C 6.B 4. was born 1. Children's 2. Jack's 5. has been 跟踪训练12 6. was eating 3. brother's 4. knives 7. later 1.D 2.C 3. D 4. B 5.D 6.A 8. worst 5.minutes' 6. discussion 9. angrily 跟踪训练13 10. be punished 7. doctor's 1. A 2.C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 专题三形容词和副词 8. women teachers 跟踪训练14 10. Japanese 9. Germans 跟踪训练1 1. D 2. C 3.C 4. B 5.A 6. B 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 11. expressions 12. winner's 跟踪训练15 14. advice 13. buildings 跟踪训练2 1.C 2.A 3. B 4.C 5. B 6.B 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 15. education 跟踪训练16 二、微语篇语法选择 跟踪训练3 1.D 2. B 3. B 4.A 5. D 6.A 1-5CACAA 6-8BCD 1. B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6. B 跟踪训练17 三、语法填空 2024·备考精练 (一) 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.A 5. B 6.C 一、用所给形容词、副词的适当形式 1. But 2. has opened 跟踪训练18 填空 1.B 2. B 3.B 4. D 5.A 6.C 1. funny 3. are guided 4. growing 2. the fatter 6.8 跟踪训练19 3. quietly 5. children's 4. carefully 7. deeper 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5. D 6.A 8. in 5. the most expensive 9. widely 10. their 跟踪训练20 1.A 2. D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 6. more slowly (二) 7. more interested 1. homeless 2. that 跟踪训练21 8. the hottest 3. the 4. classmates 1.D 2.D 3. B 4.C 5.C 6.D 9. the most carefully 5. started 6. teacher's 2024·备考精练 10. stronger; stronger 7. more excited 8. quickly 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 11. most widely 12. beautiful 9. with 10. to lend 1. believe 2. to open 13. worse 14. further 专题二 动词 3. succeeded 4. suggest 15. well: better: (the) best 跟踪训练1 5.may 6. can't 二、微语篇语法选择 7. must have t o 8. has gone 1.A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5.C 6.B 1-6CBCCAC 1