专题1 名词-【中考宝典】2024年中考英语(深圳专用版)

EG 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 CS 专题一 名词 思维导图 名词 万物之名称 分类 用法 作主语 专有名词 普通名词 作表语 人名 个体名词 作宾语 作宾补 集体名词 地名 作定语 国藉 整体单、成员复 只用单数 某些抽象事物 物质名词不可数 只用复数 月份星期节日 抽象名词不可数 sports 书电影诗歌名 随机应变 称呼用语 man/woman 单复数 可数名词 不可数名词 既可数又不可数名词 不穿鞋就戴帽 可直接放数后 不可直接放数后 可变复数 不可变复数 帽:a/an/the/sb.'s 鞋:复数 前不a/an后不s 直接+s s/x/ch/sh+es s结尾不可数名词 辅+y→ites man→men woman→women f/fe→v+es child→children tooth→teeth hero, potato, tomato 不规则 +es其余+s foot→feet goose→geese mouse→mice sheep→sheep deer→deer fish→fish(es) 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版) 所有格 意思是“的” 's/' of of+sb.'s 从前往后“的” 从后往前“的” a friend of my father's 所有格后面跟的 时间、距离,国家、城市等词 地点往往省略 a friend of mine five minutes'walk, China's capital go to the doctor's 所有格修饰的词,若前面提过,可省略 “各有,共有”问题 判定空后名词的单复数 “共有”(A+B)'s “各有”A's+B's 表达数量 两种均可 可数名词 不可数名词 接复数 数字 接可数复数/不可数 much -1接单数 many, several some,any a great deal of a few, few >1接复数 plenty of a bit of hundreds of, a number of a lot of, lots of 可数名词 考点考情分析 深圳近五年中考统计 考点 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 可数名词 dogs friends musician dish 不可数名词 French 名词所有格 从近5年深圳中考英语的情况来看,完形填空主要考查与名词相关的知识点,名 命题趋势 词也是语法填空的高频考点;可数名词及其单复数是历年考查的重点。 学生在备考时应熟记初中阶段所学的与名词相关的知识点,尤其应对可数名词的 单复数和不可数名词予以重视。 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 命题点 1可数名词及其单复数 表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。 1.可数名词单复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 (1 一般情况在词尾加-s pen-pens,doctor-doctors,book-books (2) 在以-s,-sh,-ch,x结尾的名词后面加-es bus-buses,dish-dishes,box-boxes 以-f或-fe 将f或-fe变为v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves (3) 结尾的名词 直接加-s roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs,giraffe-giraffes 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,要将y变为 factory-factories,country-countries. (4) i.再加-es family-families, story-stories (5) 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,只加s boy-boys,day-days, toy-toys 有生命的且以辅音字母加o结尾的名 tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes. (6) 词,加-es(中考常见4个) Negro-Negroes(黑人) 2.可数名词单复数的不规则变化 表现形式 例词 (1) 单复数形式相同 sheep,fish,deer等以及汉语中的计量单位,如:jin,yuan,li (2) 只有复数形式 glasses(眼镜),trousers.pants,shorts,clothes(衣服) (③) 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, staff 部分集体名词既可作单数(整体),也可作复 (4) class,family, team,group,couple 数(成员) (5) times(时代).papers(报纸).looks(外表),sands(沙澳). 复数形式表示特别含义 manners(礼貌) man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese. (6) 改变名词中的元音字母 tooth-teeth.mouse-mice (7) 词尾发生变化 child-children,ox-oxen 主体名词变复数 girl friends,boy students,pencil-boxes (⑧) 合成名词 两部分都变复数 women teachers,men singers 单复数同形 Chinese.Japanese,Swiss 表示国籍, 直接加-s () Germans,Americans,Australians,Canadians,Indians 即“某国人” -man,-woman结尾的. Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen 改为-men,-women 3.名词单数与复数的一些特殊情况 (1)有些名词一般只有复数形式。 常见的有trousers(裤子),shoes(鞋子),socks(短袜),jeans(牛仔裤),glasses(眼镜),clothes (衣服),stairs(楼梯),chopsticks(筷子)等。 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版 (2)有些以-s结尾的名词并不是名词的复数。 常见的有Maths(数学),Physics(物理),Politics(政治),means(方法)等。 (3)集体名词既可以作单数,也可以作复数。集体名词看作整体时,应为单数;看作整体中的各个成 员时,应为复数。 All my familyenjoy reading,我全家都喜欢阅读。 Almost every family in the country ownsatelevision. 这个国家几乎每家都有一台电视机 (4)有些名词(如people,police等)指多数人,应看作复数。 Howmanypeople are there inthe room? 房间里有多少人? The police are looking for the missinggirl.警察正在寻找那个丢失的女孩。 注意:people作“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;作“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数形式要在词尾加-s。 如:a people;the peoples of Europe。 跟踪|练1. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2o23·十堰)-How did you fix up 4.( )A group of are talking with the machine, dad? two -It's easy. Ijust followed the A. German; Frenchmen B. inventions A. instructions B. Frenchmen: Germans D. influences C. interviews C. Frenchman; German D. Germans; Frenchman 2.( )(2o22·宿迁)My grandma is good at 5.( )-Can you give me some on paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the learning English well? of cartoon characters. -Sure. Watching English programs is a good way. A. ability B.weight A.news B. advice C.shape D.quality C.decisions D.messages 3.( )(2023·遂宁)-Which movie would 6.( )-Good news! The Chinese women table you like to watch, Tracy? tennis team won a gold and a silver again -Um... it's hard to make a -Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is A. survey B. choice C. call D.wish the of our country. A.price B.pioneer C. pride D. pain 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 命题点2不可数名词 不可数名 物质名词,表示无法分为个体的物质或实物 如:water,time,air 词的类别 抽象名词,表示品质、状态、感情等抽象的概念 如:happiness,honesty(诚实) 常见的不可数名词有:music,fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,air money,traffic,practice,progress等。它们不能直接和表示数字的词或冠词a/an连用 没有复数形式。但可以借助量词来表示数量,即“量词十名词”:little,alittle,much,a 不可数 large/small amount of,agreat deal of十不可数名词;some,any,plenty of,enough,a lot 名词的量 oflotsof十可数不可数名词。 如:a piece of information,a glass of water,two bowls of rice 常用搭配:a piece of news/bread/meat/advice/information chalk 常见短语:a bottle of water,a cup of coffee,a drop of water,two pieces of bread 注意:有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但表达的意义不同。如; 用作可数 名词 名词 用作不可数 用作可数 用作不可数 试卷;报纸 light 灯 paper * glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 房间 room 空间 鸡肉 chicken 小鸡 橘子 orange 橘子汗 跟踪ll练2.. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·荆州)-What can you learn 4.( ) We youths do our best for our from Journey to the West? dreams and together a small success can give -I learn that we should have enough us a sense of to overcome the difficulties in our life. A. achievement B. department A.danger B.success C. treatment D. entertainment C. courage D. excitement {5.( 2.( )The three )(2o23· 宿迁)-The girl's beautiful upstairs are too small to have enough pronunciation in caught our for a yesterday's English speech competition. double bed. -Yes, many students couldn't help cheering A. room; room for her. B. room; rooms A. condition B. attention C. rooms; room C. invention D. position D. rooms; rooms 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版) 中考在线 变式训练 3.( )(2022· 乐山)-Do you like black 6.( )-I want to learn more about the coffee, Miss Green? history of Tang Dynasty. -No, I'd like sweet coffee. Please put some Why not use the Internet to find in it. more A. ice B. sugar C. sweets D. drinks A. information B. messages C. advice D. discussions 命题点3名词所有格(名词的所有格表示名词之间的所有关系 情况 类别 构成方式 运用举例 单数名词 加's my dad's dog, Tom's car 以s结尾的复数名词 加 the teachers' office,her parents' bedroom 加's 不以s结尾的复数名词 's所有格 Children's Day, people's life 表示两人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加s (主要表 Mary andPeter'sdesk两人共用的桌子 示有生命 在各个名词后加s 表示两人各自拥有 Mary'sandLucy'srooms两人各自的房间 的人或物 表示家、店铺等处所 所有格后名词可以省略 my aunt's(house),in the shoe's (shop) 的名词) 注意:表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,也可以用's所有格。如: today'snewspaper今天的报纸,the world'sbiggest problem世界上最大的问题,anhour's walk/ride一小时的路程,eight days'holiday=an eight-dayholiday八天的假期 主要用于无生命的名词,如; the gate of the school 学校的大门,a window of the room 房间的窗子 of所有格 或者是名词或名词的定语较长,如; the deathof Dr.Norman Bethune诺尔曼·白求恩大夫的死; the name of the boy sitting near the window坐在窗边的那个男孩的名字 双重所有格的构成形式:名词十of十名词性物主代词/名词所有格 双重所 如:a teacher of mine/his/hers yours/ours/theirs 有格 some friends of my father's我父亲的一些朋友 有些名词是用介词to来表示所有格。如: 注意 the key to the door, the way to school,the answer to the question 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 跟踪训练3. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.( )(2023·掷州)My parents took me to 4.-It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Day. There the amusement park on Wuhan by taking the newly-built green were so many exciting things to do there. railway. -Yes. It's said that B. Children A. Children's (5 C.Child's D. Child 分钟的车程)isenough. 5.( bag. ) This is It's (中国的)high 2.(2022·泽)- not speed railway technology is leading the world. A. the boy's: girl's -That's right. It is moving further into the B. the boy: the girl world. C. the boy's; the girl's D. boy's; girl's 6.( ) There are many in our 3.(202l·武汉改编)-Whose room is this? Is it school. They are all kind and patient. (双胞胎的)? A. woman teachers -Yes,it is (汤姆和吉姆 B. women teachers 的). C. women teacher D. woman teacher 命题点4专有名词 专有名词分类 人名 如:Thomas,Uncle Bob 第一个字母大写,前面不 国家、地名、河流、山川名称 也把词 如:China,Paris,Qifeng Park 加the 团体、机构名称 如:Cambridge University 时间名、节假日名称 如:June,Sunday,Christmas 第一个字母大写,前面加the 由普通名词构成的专有名词 如:the Great Wall 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版) 命题点5普通名词 普通名词分类 个体 teacher 教师 个体名词是指某类人或事物中的个体 desk书桌 名词 的名词。 box盒子 city城市 集体 集体名词是指由若干个体组成的集合 family 家庭 police警察 普通名词 名词 体的名词。 army军队 government(政府) 是表示一 物质 物质名词是指无法分为个体的物质或 air 空气 water水 类人、事 名词 实物的名词。 milk牛奶 rain雨 物、物质 或抽象概 抽象名词是指状态、品质等抽象概念的 念的名词。 名词。 抽象 work工作 friendship 友谊 注意:抽象名词是不可数名词,但用在 名词 peace和平 love爱 一些词组里可以作可数名词。如:have a rest休息;catcha cold感冒 跟踪训练4.. 【真·变相连】 中考在线 变式训练 1.(2o21·黄冈改编)-What are you doingto 4. I live in a small town, and the small town lies on CPC celebrate the 1ooth birthday of (长江). (中国共产党)thesedays? -We're learning to sing song My Motherland and Me. 5.-Do you know when is No Tobacco 2.-When is Day? (烟草)Day? -It's on the second Sunday of May, Dave -It's May 31st. 3. 6. He will go to see you off at (布莱克一家)areplanningto railway go on vacation. station. 2024·备考精练 根据下列句子的情景,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. June 1st is (child) Day. 2. The boy over there is a friend of (Jack). 3. Tom's sweater is the same as his (brother). 第二部分 基础语法 考点精析 4.-How many (knife) do you have? -Three. 5. It's five (minute) walk from here to my school. 6. We had a hot (discuss) in class about Einstein. 7. At last,he arrived at the (doctor) at twenty to five. 8. There are eighty (woman teacher) in our school. 9. I saw lots of Englishmen and several (Germany) in the hall. 10. I saw lots of Americans and several (Japan) in the hall. 11. Laughter is one of the most infectious (express) of emotion. 12. Please tell me the (win) telephone number. I want to interview him. 13. A great number of tall (build) have risen in my hometown during the last 1o years. 14. My teacher gave me much (advise) on how to study English well when I had some trouble. 15. Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an (educate) in Yunnan. 微语篇语法选择 Dear Museum Scientists. My name is Yang Jingjing. 1 live by the sea, near a mangrove swamp(红树林沼泽地). My mom is 2 tour guide. She knows a lot about the mangrove swamp. She loves to show people the beautiful animals that live there. I am writing to you 3 I'm worried about what is happening near my home. The mangroves are home to many animals such as birds, butterflies, snakes and so on. Down in the water under the 4 are homes of fish and shrimp. The mangroves also protect us 5 wind,waves and floods(浪潮与水灾). However, in the past few years, things 6 greatly. These changes bring lots of worries to more and more people. New neighborhoods(社区) 7 last year and the year before. It turned the place with mangroves into stores, houses, cinemas, restaurants and car parks. What is even worse all these things are still going on! What will happen to the 8 that live in the mangroves? I don't know what we can do. How I wish we can find a way to live together with the mangroves and animals! Sincerely yours. Yang Jingjing B.Mine )1.A.My C.1 B.an )2.A.a _一_ C.the B. before )3. A.although C. because )4.A.trees B.tree's ,_ C.treesr ,_ B.to )5.A.from C.of B. have changed -1 )6. A. has changed C. are changing 新课标中考宝典·英语(深圳专用版) )7. A. build B. are built , C. were built ,_ B. animal )8. A.animal's C. animals 语法填空 (一) (2023· 武汉改编)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is used to help people keep the balance of yin and yang.1. have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb(药草) planting and TCM courses at school? A primary school in Nanjing 2. (open) a herb farm recently. More than 30 herbs are planted. Students there 3. (guide) by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell different herbs and learn plant development, medicinal value as well as 3. 4. (grow) herbs. The hospital has also donated over 1oo cartoon books about TCM to help draw 5. (children) attention in herbal medicine. Another middle school has introduced TCM courses to students of all grades. These courses cover 6. basic knowledge of herbs, herb planting and cooking with herbs. They give students a 7. (deep) understanding of TCM, bringing out their sense of pride 8. Chinese traditions and the country's rich culture. Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has provided foreign students with some chances to plan different kinds of herbs 9. (wide) used in Chinese medicine and cooking. By taking care of the plants, foreign students can get first-hand experience of making herbal medicine from start to finish, and spread TCM culture to 10. (they) own countries. (二) (2022· 湖州)Matt is a primary school student who loves playing with little animals. One day when he was on his way to school, he saw a 1. (home) cat sitting in a box. It was a black-and-white cat with bright eyes. The cat was so cute 2. Matt couldn't help plaving with it. The longer Matt plaved with 3. cat, the more he liked it. The little cat followed him as he left for school. Matt then decided to take the cat to school with him. He put the cat in his schoolbag and went to school happily. After Matt entered the class, he told some 4. (classmate) about the cat. As he opened the schoolbag to show them the cat, it suddenly jumped out and5. (start) running around the classroom. It even jumped onto the 6. (teacher) desk! Everyone in class was 7. (excited) than ever before. Just at that time, the teacher came in and caught the cat 8. (quick). Matt felt embarrassed and his face turned red. To Matt's surprise, the teacher came up to him 9. a smile, saying,“Matt, it's nice o you10. (lend) a helping hand to homeless animals, but you are not allowed to take it tc school." 10英语·参考答案 参 考答案 第二部分 跟踪训练2 9.bought 基础语法考点精析 1.C2.B3.B4.D 5.D 6.B 10.g0e8 专题一名词 跟踪训练3 11.moves 1.D2.C3.B4.B5.A 6.A 12.is going to rain:rains 跟踪训练1 跟踪训练4 13.were taken 14.isn't allowed 1.A2.C3.B4.B5.B6.C L.D2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A 15.will be given 16.standing 跟踪训练2 1.C2.B3.B4.A5.C6.A 跟踪训练5 17.Feeling 18.to get 1.D2.A3.C4.C5.A6.C 19.to read:go 20.to help 跟踪训练3 1.A 2.China's 跟踪训练6 二、微语篇语法选择 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.A 1-5 CBAAB 6-8 ACB 3.the twins':Tom and Jim's 跟踪训练7 三，语法填空 4.five minutes'ride (一) 5.C6.B 1.A2.C3.B4.C5.C6.A 跟踪训练4 跟踪训练8 1.was invented 2.is played 1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C 6.C 3.are called 1,the:the 2.Mother's 4.are placed 3.The Blacks 跟踪调练9 5.is called 6.develop 4.the Yangtze River L.A2.C3.C4.D5.D6.A 7.travelled 8.have played 5./6.the 跟踪训练10 9.has 10.will serve 1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C 6.A (二) 2024·备考精练 跟踪训练11 1.to look 2.t0g0 一、用名词的适当形式填空 1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C6.B 3.looking 4.was born 1.Children's 2.Jack's 跟踪训练12 5.has been 6.was eating 3.brother's 4.knives 1.D2.C3.D4.B5.D6.A 7.later 8.worst 5.minutes 6.discussion 跟踪调练13 9.angrily 10.be punished 7.doctor's 1.A2.C3.B4,B5.D 6.B 专题三形容词和副词 8.women teachers 跟踪训练14 跟踪训练1 9.Germans 10.Japanese 1.D2.C3.C4.B5.A6.B 1.C2.C3.B4.A5.A6.C 11.expressions 12.winner's 跟踪训练15 跟踪训练2 13.buildings 14.advice 1.C2.A3.B4.C5.B6.B 1.D2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B 15.education 跟踪训练16 跟踪训练3 二、微语篇语法选择 1.D2.B3.B4.A5.D6.A 1-5 CACAA 6-8 BCD 1.B2.A3.A4.A5.C6.B 跟踪训练17 三，语法填空 2024·备考精练 1,D2.A3.C4.A5.B6.C (一) 一、用所给形容词、副词的适当形式 1.But 跟踪训练18 2.has opened 填空 1.B2.B3.B4.D5.A 6.C 3.are guided 4.growing 1.funny 2.the fatter 跟踪训练19 5.children's 6.H 3.quietly 4.carefully 1.D2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A 7.deeper 8.in 5.the most expensive 跟踪训练20 9.widely 10.their 6.more slowly (二) 1.A2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B 7.more interested 1.homeless 跟踪训练21 2.that 8.the hottest 1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C 6.D 3.the 4.classmates 9.the most carefully 5.started 6.teacher's 2024·备考精练 10.stronger:stronger 7.more excited 8.quickly 一，用所给动词的适当形式填空 11.most widely 12.beautiful 9.with 10.to lend 1.believe 2.to open 13.worse 14,further 专题二动词 3.succeeded 4.suggest 15.well:better:(the)best 跟踪训练1 5.may 6.can't 二、微语篇语法选择 1.A2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B 7.must have t o 8.has gone 1-6 CBCCAC