2025年高考备考专题复习高中英语书面表达概要写作类真题精选专项训练

2025高考备考专题复习高中英语书面表达概要写作类真题精选专项训练 1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Causes Déja Vu? It’s a frightening feeling: You walk into a place you know you’ve never been before but are overwhelmed by a sense of familiarity-a memory you can’t quite reach. Has this all happened before? Most people experience ‘this sensation, known as déjà vu, at some point in their lives. It’s a hard feeling to study, though, because it tends to arise spontaneously and be shaken off easily. Déjà vu means “already seen” in French, a term possibly coined by French philosopher Émile Boirac. In a 2009 study, Cognitive psychologist Anne Cleary of Colorado State University and her colleagues found that viewing these sneakily similar scenes was more likely to cause feelings of déjà vu than viewing dissimilar scenes-suggesting that perhaps there is some environmental trigger for the brain to call out, “Hey, I recognize that!” even when it’s never seen the scene before. While Cleary’s research shows that a slight familiarity can result in déjà vu, Akira Robert O’Connor, a cognitive psychologist at the University of St. Andrews says, in spontaneous déjà vu cases, it’s quite possible that the familiarity feeling is random. Supporting this random-misfire hypothesis is the fact that young people actually experience more déjà vu than older people. Younger brains are a little more excitable, more likely to fire more quickly rather than holding back, O’Connor says. Older people may also be less adept (擅长的)fact-checkers when false feelings of familiarity arise, says Chris Moulin, a cognitive neuropsychologist at the Grenoble Alpes University. Older adults still recognize such false familiarity. “It’s not perhaps that older adults are not generating false familiarity, ” Moulin says. “It’s just that they don’t have, anymore, that certainty that what they’re experiencing is false. ” This is a normal part of aging, not the conflation (合并)of déjà vu with reality that people with dementia (老年痴呆症)may experience. So enjoy the feeling of having felt it all before while it lasts, Generation Z. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ignoring Your Biggest Regrets Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided. Mistakes may be unavoidable, but they should be kept to a minimum. And when they do occur, the best course of action is to ignore them as inevitable steps on our journey. That seems logical, at least until you consider that one of the criteria for mental illness is an inability to feel regret. As author Kathryn Schulz argues, “If you want to be fully functional, and fully human, and fully humane, I think you need to learn to live not without regret, but with it.” Counterintuitively, she and other experts argue feeling regret is essential for living your best life. No one is saying, of course, that getting trapped in your past mistakes is a good idea. But neither is a “no regrets and never look back” mentality. Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. If you keep telling yourself “no regrets,” then learning isn’t going to happen. Besides, hiding from regret doesn’t make it hurt less. Action does. Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you’re troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you’re older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship? Act to try to repair it. Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults. That sort of acceptance is the basis both of real self-confidence and of true kindness. As Schulz sums up in her talk: “Regret doesn’t remind us that we did badly. It reminds us we know we can do better.” 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. There are many reasons why some cats are bad-tempered; their temperament can be influenced by their upbringing or they are simply born that way. However, even the sweetest, most affectionate cats can suddenly become bad-tempered and behave out of character. According to veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren, the problem can generally be solved, but you’ll need to look for underlying issues. Changes in a cat’s behaviour can often be explained by a health problem. Pain can cause cats to behave very differently, and it’s easy to mistake a problem as behavioural, when in fact it is medical. Should you observe a significant change in your cat’s behaviour, then a visit to the vet is the best place to start? Watch out for changes in eating, drinking or litter-box habits. Also hiding and avoiding being touched. Be sure to report all changes to your vet. There are many cat health problems that can be readily treated to ease symptoms and pain for your cat. It pays to remember that cats don’t like to share or queue. Sharing of ‘resources’ such as litter trays and foodbowls can cause stress and anxiety for many cats. It’s always a good idea to provide each cat with their own litter box, food, water bowls and bed as a minimum. One litter box for each cat plus a spare is even better, as are multiple sleeping spots and extra scratching posts. A lack of space to hide from or avoid other cats, competition for territory and lack of individual attention can also add to household friction. If your cat is feeling anxious, offering it an elevated place to sit, such as a climbing tree, can be helpful. Moving to a new house, the arrival of a new baby, new pets and other types of change can seriously impact cat behaviour. Cats are creatures of habit and tend to be territorial, so a change in routine may cause them to react in a number of ways, including withdrawal or aggression. Try to keep your cat’s environment as calm as possible and make sure there are places where they feel safe. Sometimes confining them to a single room with a litter box, bedding and home comforts can help them to settle. Some cats simply do not like being touched and handled. These are often cats that received limited socialisation with humans when they were kittens. These cats do best in a quiet household without children and need understanding and patience to help build their confidence. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The problem of robocalls has become so bad that we refuse to pick up calls from numbers we don’t know. Nearly half of the calls we receive are scams (欺诈). We’ve realized the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real. That’s because there are many powerful voice manipulation (处理) technologies to be available. A company showed a new voice technology able to produce a convincing human-sounding voice able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection. These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data disclosure of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to cheat the targeted people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you with a voice sounding exactly like your bank teller’s, misleading you to “confirm” your address and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually. We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like WeChat and Alipay, which can be tied to your identity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Emotional Preparedness: Managing Life’s Challenges Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”. It may help people prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, because any result will likely surpass (优于) expectations. However, other psychological theories challenge the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is not a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Drawing High Schoolers to Science A group of educators and plant scientists at Michigan State University (MSU) are connecting to reshape science classes. And this particular partnership isn’t just helping students get a better understanding of biology; it’s turning them into young scientists, even if only during class. It doesn’t take long to see that the curriculum born from this collaboration makes for a much different experience than the traditional high school biology classes. For starters, it has a comic book for a workbook. Secondly, students are getting their hands dirty growing plants. MSU researchers are also studying the plant. The high schoolers are asking some of the same questions professional plant scientists are trying to answer. “We’re getting them engaged with science in science practices, not just having them learn about science,” says Hildah Makori, a researcher at MSU. “They learn to look at things differently. That’s a life-time impact.” The main characters of the comic book are a pair of young field scientists. They invite the high school students to help with plant research inspired by a real project at MSU. By growing their own plants, the students learn about genetics, evolution and how these interact with the environment. The team has seen how this practice could keep students in the driver’s seat of their learning. To help the characters out, students set up different experiments to test their ideas. The program is working. “This comic personally gave me a click that sparked my curiosity,” reads one student’s survey response. “The comic book put a lot of creative atmosphere into the story instead of just looking at words, instead of just listening to the teacher talk,” says another. Teachers also had positive reviews. In a survey, one remarked how helpful it was to have the comic to refer to. The students could see the comic’s characters doing something in the lab and realize, “I’m able to do this right here at my table and I can do the same thing,” the teacher says. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Be a Better Boss Workplaces have changed dramatically over the past few years. Teams have become more isolated owing to remote work. Technology has brought great benefits but also constant interruptions, from endless Zoom calls to message flows on Slack. With each shift, the job of the manager has become harder. Many report feeling burnt-out, overloaded and confused. Yet in real life everyone suffers when management is bad and benefits when it is good Research based on a long-running survey of management techniques has found that well-managed firms tend to be more productive, export more and spend more on research and development. So the prize for better management is big. But how to obtain it? Read enough management books and you might conclude that managers need to change their personality thoroughly, becoming either Machiavelli’s prince or a Marvel superhero. However, study successful managers, and more practical lessons can be drawn. One is to be clear about a firm’s processes. Managers should make clear the purpose of a team, what a meeting should achieve and who will take a decision. Meeting agendas at GSK, a British drugs firm, clearly say whether an item is for awareness, to gather participants’ input or intended to make a decision. Such clarity means that everyone knows what they are doing, and why. Management isn’t all about piling up tasks, meetings or processes. A second lesson is that managers can add value by deleting. Sparing workers from pointless meetings, emails and projects frees them to concentrate on the work that fattens the bottom line. At the start of the year, Shopify, an e-commerce firm, deleted 12,000 repeated meetings from its employees’ calendars. The useful ones were eventually added back. But the firm says that meetings are down by 14% since the mass deletion while productivity has gone up by a similar amount.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why companies are hiring "prompt engineers"? With the new generative AI tools, like ChatGPT, anyone can put in a prompt—type in a few words and get a result. But that doesn’t mean that the results will be relevant or accurate. The key is putting in the right prompt. That’s why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skill, background and practice to talk to so-called large-language AI systems effectively and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to their resumes. In general, the more detailed the request, the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for. But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail. For one thing, adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial. Also, there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds, depending on the goal-tellinlg it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience, for instance. Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle. And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the AI, reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements. Even for people applying to jobs that don’t clearly mention prompt engineering, having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles. Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas, and marketers could use it to develop new slogans. Software engineers could use it to find problems with their code. Lawyers could use it to research a piece of law. This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know. The through line is when you learn a new skill, you can take it in any direction you like. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Call a Physical Therapist You get up from the sofa and - ow! Back pain takes your breath away. Do you reach for the pain pills? No! Call a physical therapist instead! More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. When it comes to treatment, one size does not fit all. A physical therapist personalizes a treatment plan based on their observations and the patient’s concerns. The goal is to help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain, so they can live life to the fullest. These therapists work with patients who suffer from back or neck injuries. They help people recover from broken bones and surgeries as well as work- or sports-related injuries. Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-on (动手的) therapy includes strengthening or stretching exercises, ice or heat and more. No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful. For those looking for a satisfying career, PT is one to consider. The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. Private clinics and hospitals hire physical therapists. Sports facilities and professional sports teams also employ them. Therapists may work in skilled nursing facilities or visit patients in their own homes. If someone wants to see the world, they may want to become a travel physical therapist. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why bees are finally getting a break While people have been confined to their homes this spring, wildlife has faced less human disturbance, traffic and polluting fumes. One animal that could see a much-needed revival is the wild bee. One of the biggest environmental impacts of the global shut down has been the significant reduction in air pollution. Less fumes from cars on the road makes it easier for bees to find food, as air pollution substantially reduced the strength and longevity of floral scents, making it harder for bees to detect food. This means they often end up flying further to find food and bring it back to their nests. In contrast, shorter and more profitable “shopping trips” help them rear more young. And as governments are tightening their purse strings due to the pandemic, many have stopped maintaining road verges (绿化带) which have turned into lush habitats as a result. “This unexpected quantity of flowers may well be another benefit for bees, with the unexpected food they provide boosting bee populations,” says Mark Brown, a professor of revolutionary ecology. But a break for wild bees doesn’t mean it’s a good time for honey. Commercial beekeepers depend heavily on importing queen bees from around the world to replenish (补充) their colonies. Usually the bees are transported by plane, but since flights have been grounded they are being driven across the continent. This could have serious knock-on effects for farmers, as commercial traveling hive are often relied upon for crop pollination. Take the Californian almond. Almond trees flower in February and March, and by April the visiting commercial hived have usually been moved to other parts of the country to poll in ate different crops. This re location has taken longer this year as some drivers have been told to self-quarantine for 14 days when crossing state borders. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Benefits of Green Spaces We all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows your mind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonly shown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks and forests. But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult? A study by the Institute for Global Health surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe. The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden or riding a bike at the park. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places. Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. The study’s assistant, Wilma Smith, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the implications of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”. According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces. So we call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children. While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to expose yourself to nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. ChatGPT Helps People a Lot In real life, robot customer service in various applications are broadly similar to ChatGPT’s Al products. It is ChatGPT’s ability to learn the most with the highest level of intelligence that has made it a global hit. At the end of November 2022, AI research lab OpenAI launched AI chat software ChatGPT. So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people? First, chat with ChatGPT as if it were your friend when you’re bored, and it will constantly revise its parameters (参数) and behavior with your advice and guidance. So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you. Take travel as an example. While there are a lot of travel recommendation sites out there right now, they can’t be customized to the individual, but you can ask ChatGPT for very specific information to get suggestions. Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you. Children in the growth always like to listen to parents tell new stories, and story-telling gives a lot of parents a headache. What should we do when we run out of storybooks? ChatGPT is a great story generator, which generates a whole new story, as many as you want, based on the themes and characters you provide. It’s perfect. Third, let ChatGPT help you out when you’re not sure how to get started with a paper, or an article. Of course, it doesn’t always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it’s much easier to fill in the content from there. Enter information about the type, title, column name, data, and so on, and ChatGPT will generate the table with one click. You can add columns and rows and do in-table calculations. According to ChatGPT’s own answer, it’s just an unconscious computer program. It can carry on self-active learning and realize task transfer under the regular instruction. Docs the answer ChatGPT gives you have to be the right answer? For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Microplastics: Out of Sight, Out of Mind? People joke that someone suffering from paranoia (妄想症) sees danger everywhere, thinking someone is out to get him. In the case of microplastics, you don’t need to have paranoia to be worried about them being everywhere, because they basically are! What exactly are microplastics? They are particles (颗粒) of any type of plastic that are less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径). They have resulted from the plastic pollution widespread in the world today. When plastic is exposed to environmental forces, it breaks down into these tiny particles, which, in turn, do not disappear but continue to exist for hundreds or even thousands of years. Every piece of plastic that has ever been made is still on Earth today, except for what has been burned. Often mistaken for food, plastics and microplastics in oceans and on beaches are often consumed by marine animals, which is harmful. Research has linked microplastics to cancer and other problems in animals. Whatever you think about these particles, taking them in is easier than you think. When you heat food in a plastic dish in the microwave, microplastics get into your food. The water from a plastic water bottle contains the particles as well. After taking surveys of microplastics in air, water and seafood, scientists estimate that people may easily be eating 5 grams of plastic a week. Researchers don’t know yet if or how this will affect humans. Microplastics have been found in human tissue samples, and no one yet knows how long they stay in the human body or what problems may arise. Not until the amount of plastic waste in the world is reduced will microplastics decrease. So, while the evidence is still missing of the effect microplastics have on people’s health, reusing and recycling plastic is a no-brainer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The ingredients of love In modern times, finding love seems more central to people’s lives. Then, researchers wonder, can love, a highly valued emotional state, be created? To help determine the ingredients of attraction, one research paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes to get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to predict what kind of relationship they might build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. Reports showed their initial judgments often held true. All these students seemed to distinguish at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling open to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people. Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we assess attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship, and More to Maintain It Many of us worry that we don’t put in enough time to maintain close friendships. But how much is enough? Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula (公式) for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them. Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact. Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend. In order to move from casual friends to close friends, we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours. However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations. Contrarily, spending 200 hours together doesn’t necessarily mean a person will become a close friend. They have to want to be your friends. Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends. When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable, but it doesn’t do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations, sharing feelings, and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with, through calls and texts or in person, helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings, like happiness. The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established, some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Obstacles to the correct decision Life is full of choices, some inconsequential, some really significant. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct one. What are the obstacles that stand between us and a good outcome? Some of us just find it hard to decide. Alice Boyes, writing for Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be connected to perfectionism, where people attempt to find a perfect solution to any problem and are unable to move forward when they can’t find one. It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones. Susan Krauss in Psychology Today reminds us that people often make bad decisions because they base them on preconceptions rather than the context in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases. David Robson tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision. People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs. He believes that humility is key to making a good decision. People who can accept that they might be wrong are more likely to consider different viewpoints. He is backed up on this by Jeff Bezos. Tech CEO Jason Fried recalls the Amazon founder saying how the people who were right a lot of the time were the people who often changed their minds. So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices while humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.   The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way. The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also claims that the study of the humanities (人文学科) and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides. Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily. Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight－picked up from science, arts, and technology－to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第 2 页 共 40 页 第 1 页 共 40 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity. It is hard to study because it is unpredictable. Younger people are more prone to déjà vu, due to their more excitable brains. In contrast, older people may be less adept at fact-checking false feelings of familiarity but do not confuse déjà vu with reality, which is not a symptom of dementia. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，似曾相识是一种常见的对新环境熟悉的感觉。它很难研究，因为它不可预测，而且很容易被遗忘。年轻人更容易产生似曾相识，这可能是因为他们的大脑更容易兴奋。相比之下，老年人可能不太擅长核实虚假的熟悉感，但不会将似曾相识与现实混为一谈，这不是痴呆症的症状。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①You walk into a place you know you’ve never been before but are overwhelmed by a sense of familiarity-a memory you can’t quite reach. ②It’s a hard feeling to study, though, because it tends to arise spontaneously and be shaken off easily. ③Younger brains are a little more excitable, more likely to fire more quickly rather than holding back, O’Connor says. ④Older adults still recognize such false familiarity. “It’s not perhaps that older adults are not generating false familiarity, ” Moulin says. “It’s just that they don’t have, anymore, that certainty that what they’re experiencing is false. ” ⑤This is a normal part of aging, not the conflation (合并)of déjà vu with reality that people with dementia (老年痴呆症)may experience. 2.缜密构思将 第1、2、3几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity. It is hard to study because it is unpredictable. Younger people are more prone to déjà vu, due to their more excitable brains. In contrast, Older people may be less adept at fact-checking false feelings of familiarity but do not confuse déjà vu with reality, which is not a symptom of dementia. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is hard to study because it is unpredictable. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句) [高分句型2] In contrast, Older people may be less adept at fact-checking false feelings of familiarity but do not confuse déjà vu with reality, which is not a symptom of dementia. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句) 2．Reference 01     Contrary to popular belief that regrets should be ignored, Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is crucial for a happy life. Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. Besides, action rather than hiding from regrets makes us feel less pain(ful). To sum up, regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better. [57] Reference 02 The article argues that regret, although often avoided, is an essential part of living a fulfilling life. Ignoring mistakes and regrets prevents learning, growth, and self-improvement, whereas acknowledging and reflecting on past regrets can lead to personal development. Instead of avoiding regret, it is suggested that individuals should take action to remedy their past mistakes and work towards a better future. Ultimately, regret is a reminder of our potential for improvement and self-growth. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与人们普遍认为后悔应该被忽略的观点相反，作者舒尔茨指出，后悔对幸福生活至关重要。后悔使我们反思过去的行为，使学习成为可能。此外，行动而不是逃避遗憾会让我们感到更少的痛苦。总之，遗憾是一个提醒，告诉我们，我们可以做得更好。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided. ②Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. ③Action does. Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you’re troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you’re older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship? Act to try to repair it. ④Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Contrary to popular belief that regrets should be ignored, Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is crucial for a happy life. Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. Besides, action rather than hiding from regrets makes us feel less pain(ful). To sum up, regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Contrary to popular belief that regrets should be ignored, Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is crucial for a happy life.运用that引导同位语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] To sum up, regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 3．One possible version: Cats’ temperament is linked to their upbringing or innate traits. Health issues may also affect behavior, requiring vet’s attention. Stress from sharing resources like litter trays is highlighted, suggesting individual essentials. Environmental changes, like moving or having new comers, can impact cats, urging a calm environment. Cats not liking touch might stem from limited socialization, needing patience in quiet homes. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猫脾气暴躁的原因以及解决办法。 【详解】1.要点摘录： ①There are many reasons why some cats are bad-tempered; their temperament can be influenced by their upbringing or they are simply born that way. ②Changes in a cat’s behaviour can often be explained by a health problem. Should you observe a significant change in your cat’s behaviour, then a visit to the vet is the best place to start? ③Sharing of ‘resources’ such as litter trays and food bowls can cause stress and anxiety for many cats. It’s always a good idea to provide each cat with their own litter box, food, water bowls and bed as a minimum. ④Moving to a new house, the arrival of a new baby, new pets and other types of change can seriously impact cat behaviour. Try to keep your cat’s environment as calm as possible and make sure there are places where they feel safe. ⑤Some cats simply do not like being touched and handled. These cats do best in a quiet household without children and need understanding and patience to help build their confidence. 2.缜密构思 将每个要点进行信息整合，用一个句子表达出相关信息。 3.遣词造句 Cats’ temperament is linked to their upbringing or innate traits. Health issues may also affect behavior, requiring vet’s attention. Stress from sharing resources like litter trays is highlighted, suggesting individual essentials. Environmental changes, like moving or having new comers, can impact cats, urging a calm environment. Cats not liking touch might stem from limited socialization, needing patience in quiet homes. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Health issues may also affect behavior, requiring vet’s attention. (运用现在分词作状语，将第二段信息进行概括，现在分词短语作状语表达高级) [高分句型2]Cats not liking touch might stem from limited socialization, needing patience in quiet homes. (运用现在分词作定语和作状语，将第五段信息进行概括，现在分词的否定形式作后置定语表达高级) 4．Robocall problems become more severe with the development of voice manipulation technologies. The disclosure of personal information enables scammers to cheat individuals and businesses easily, and many people have become victims. Thus, to avoid being cheated, more secure telecom networks are needed to prevent scammers. Stop using phones and use data-based communications tied to identity instead. (56 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着语音操作技术的发展，个人信息的披露，骗子能够轻松地欺骗个人和企业。因此，为了避免上当受骗，需要更安全的电信网络以及与身份相关的数据通信。 【详解】 1 要点摘录 ①That’s because there are many powerful voice manipulation technologies to be available. ②These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. ③A decade of data disclosure of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to cheat the targeted people. ④We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. ⑤That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like WeChat and Alipay, which can be tied to your identity. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3个要点进行简化，将第4、5两个要点进行组合。 3.遣词造句 Robocall problems become more severe with the development of voice manipulation technologies. The disclosure of personal information enables scammers to cheat individuals and businesses easily, and many people have become victims. To avoid being cheated, more secure telecom networks are needed. Stop using phones and use data-based communications tied to identity instead. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Thus, to avoid being cheated, more secure telecom networks are needed to prevent scammers. (使用了不定式短语作目的状语) 【高分句型2】Stop using phones and use data-based communications tied to identity instead. (使用了动名词using作宾语) 5．One possible version: “Bracing” involves anticipating the worst to prepare for emotional challenges. Psychological theories, such as decision affect theory, propose its benefits in managing expectations. However, other theories caution that expectations can negatively shape reality, influencing behavior and interpretation. Scientific studies suggest holding positive expectations may be wiser than always bracing for the worst. 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，“支撑”包括做最坏的打算，为情感挑战做准备。心理学理论，如决策影响理论，提出了它在管理预期方面的好处。然而，其他理论警告说，期望会对现实产生负面影响，影响行为和解释。科学研究表明，保持积极的预期可能比总是做最坏的打算更明智。 【详解】 1.要点摘录 ①Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”. It may help people prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. ②Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. ③However, other psychological theories challenge the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality. ④Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is not a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 “Bracing” involves anticipating the worst to prepare for emotional challenges. Psychological theories, such as decision affect theory, propose its benefits in managing expectations. However, other theories caution that expectations can negatively shape reality, influencing behavior and interpretation. Scientific studies suggest holding positive expectations may be wiser than always bracing for the worst. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] However, other theories caution that expectations can negatively shape reality, influencing behavior and interpretation.运用that引导宾语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Scientific studies suggest holding positive expectations may be wiser than always bracing for the worst.运用动名词作宾语对最后一段进行了概括。 6．Educators are cooperating with plant scientists by giving science classes designed to help students learn about science and to engage them in science. With a workbook with comics and field study about plants, such classes provide different experiences for students and have received positive reviews from both students and teachers since they arouse students’ creativity, curiosity and initiative. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，教育工作者正在与植物科学家合作，开设旨在帮助学生了解科学并使他们参与科学的科学课程。这些课程以漫画作业本和植物实地考察为基础，为学生提供了不同的体验，激发了学生的创造力、好奇心和主动性，得到了学生和老师的积极评价。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①A group of educators and plant scientists at Michigan State University (MSU) are connecting to reshape science classes. ②It doesn’t take long to see that the curriculum born from this collaboration makes for a much different experience than the traditional high school biology classes. For starters, it has a comic book for a workbook. ③“This comic personally gave me a click that sparked my curiosity,” reads one student’s survey response. “The comic book put a lot of creative atmosphere into the story instead of just looking at words, instead of just listening to the teacher talk,” says another. ④Teachers also had positive reviews. In a survey, one remarked how helpful it was to have the comic to refer to. The students could see the comic’s characters doing something in the lab and realize, “I’m able to do this right here at my table and I can do the same thing,” the teacher says. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 In order to help students learn about science and to engage them in science, educators are cooperating with plant scientists by giving them specific science classes. With a workbook with comics and field study about plants, such classes offer different experiences to students and have received positive reviews from both students and teachers because they arouse students’ creativity, curiosity and initiative. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Educators are cooperating with plant scientists by giving science classes designed to help students learn about science and to engage them in science.运用动名词作宾语对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] With a workbook with comics and field study about plants, such classes provide different experiences for students and have received positive reviews from both students and teachers since they arouse students’ creativity, curiosity and initiative.用since引导原因状语从句对最后两段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 7．It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. ②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. ③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. ④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. ⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. ⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括） [高分句型2] Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括） 8．Changes in workplaces have made managers feel pressured. But good management often brings better-performing companies, so managers should learn to be good bosses. According to the study of successful managers, managers should make clear a firm’s processes to the staff so that everyone knows what to do. Also, they can boost productivity by deleting pointless tasks for the employees. (59) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，工作场所的变化让管理者感到压力。但好的管理往往会带来更好的公司表现，因此管理者应该学会成为好老板。根据对成功管理者的研究，管理者应该向员工明确公司的流程，以便每个人都知道该做什么。此外，他们还可以通过删除员工的无意义任务来提高工作效率。 【详解】1 要点摘录①Workplaces have changed dramatically over the past few years. Teams have become more isolated owing to remote work.   ②Yet in real life everyone suffers when management is bad and benefits when it is good. So the prize for better management is big. ③One is to be clear about a firm’s processes. Managers should make clear the purpose of a team, what a meeting should achieve and who will take a decision. ④Management isn’t all about piling up tasks, meetings or processes. A second lesson is that managers can add value by deleting.   2.缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句Changes in the workplace are stressful for managers. But good management often leads to better company performance, so managers should learn to be good bosses. According to research on successful managers, managers should make the company's processes clear to employees so that everyone knows what to do. In addition, they can increase productivity by removing meaningless tasks from employees. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：According to the study of successful managers, managers should make clear a firm’s processes to the staff so that everyone knows what to do.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句。） [高分句型2]：Also, they can boost productivity by deleting pointless tasks for the employees.（运用了介词by后接动名词短语，作句子的状语成分。） 9．Companies recruits prompt engineers because the new AI tools can't give accurate results. To get the best results, correct details, various methods to guide system, and a long dialogue are needed. However, the key is to input correct prompts—engineers’ ability to talk to the systems effectively, which is essential for all roles, taking you in any direction. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新生人工智能工具在搜索时不能给出相关的或者准确的结果，因此许多公司招聘提示工程师。他们能够输入正确的提示，有效地与所谓的大型语言人工智能系统交谈。这一技能在各种工作角色中是必不可少的。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①The key is putting in the right prompt. That’s why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skill, background and practice to talk to so-called large-language AI systems effectively. ②For one thing, adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial. Also, there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds. And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the AI, reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements. ③But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail. ④Even for people applying to jobs that don’t clearly mention prompt engineering, having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles. 2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第1、4个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Companies recruits prompt engineers because the new AI tools can't give accurate results. To get the best results, correct details, various methods to guide system, and a long dialogue are needed. However, the key is to input correct prompts—engineers’ ability to talk to the systems effectively, which is essential for all roles, taking you in any direction. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Companies recruits prompt engineers because the new AI tools can't give accurate results. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】However, the key is to input correct prompts—engineers’ ability to talk to the systems effectively, which is essential for all roles, taking you in any direction. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及现在分词taking充当伴随状语) 10．One possible version: Physical therapists offer personalized treatment to improve injured people’s quality of life. They also teach people to keep fit and avoid further injuries. To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree, a professional license, good communication skills, sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills. Currently, there’s a growing demand for physical therapists. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，物理治疗师提供个性化的治疗来改善受伤患者的生活质量。他们还教人们保持健康，避免进一步的伤害。要成为一名物理治疗师需要满足很多要求，比如博士学位、专业执照、良好的沟通技巧、对细节的敏感和创造性的解决问题的能力。目前，对物理治疗师的需求不断增长。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. ②Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. ③No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful. ④The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Physical therapists offer personalized treatment to improve injured people’s quality of life. They also teach people to keep fit and avoid further injuries. To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree, a professional license, good communication skills, sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills. Currently, there’s a growing demand for physical therapists. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree, a professional license, good communication skills, sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills.运用不定式作目的状语对原文第三段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Currently, there’s a growing demand for physical therapists.用there be句型对最后一段进行了概括。 11．Due to the pandemic, the world has suffered shut down, which make it easier for bees to find food. Besides, road verges have turned into lush habitats. However, a break for wild bees doesn’t mean it’s a good time for honey. The bees are being driven across the continent, which could have serious knock-on effects for farmers. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍由于疫情，人们被限制在家里，世界陷入了瘫痪，这让蜜蜂更容易找到食物。此外，路边已经变成了郁郁葱葱的栖息地。然而，野生蜜蜂的休息并不意味着蜂蜜的好时机。这些蜜蜂正被赶过整个大陆，这可能会对农民产生严重的连锁反应。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①One of the biggest environmental impacts of the global shut down has been the significant reduction in air pollution. ②Less fumes from cars on the road makes it easier for bees to find food, as air pollution substantially reduced the strength and longevity of floral scents, making it harder for bees to detect food. ③And as governments are tightening their purse strings due to the pandemic, many have stopped maintaining road verges which have turned into lush habitats as a result. ④Usually the bees are transported by plane, but since flights have been grounded they are being driven across the continent. ⑤This could have serious knock-on effects for farmers, as commercial traveling hive are often relied upon for crop pollination. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 [1] Due to the pandemic, the world has suffered shut down, which make it easier for bees to find food. [2] The bees are being driven across the continent, which could have serious knock-on effects for farmers. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Due to the pandemic, people have been confined to their homes and the world suffered shut down, which make it easier for bees to find food.运用一个主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导非限制性定语从句。 [高分句型2]The bees are being driven across the continent, which could have serious knock-on effects for farmers. 运用一个主从复合句对原文第四段和第五段进行了概括。其中which引导非限制性定语从句。 12．One possible version: Researches show exposure to nature during childhood has a positive impact on mental health in adulthood. Those using natural spaces more frequently and attaching greater importance to using them score higher in psychological tests including problem-solving abilities and negative feelings’ analysis. Therefore, availability of natural spaces should be improved by governments and being exposed to nature should be highlighted. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，童年时期接触大自然对成年后的心理健康有积极影响。那些更频繁地使用自然空间并更重视使用自然空间的人在心理测试中得分更高，包括解决问题的能力和消极情绪的分析。因此，政府应该改善自然空间的可用性，并强调与自然接触。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult? A study by the Institute for Global Health surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe. ②Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. ③While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to expose yourself to nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Researches show exposure to nature during childhood has a positive impact on mental health in adulthood. Those using natural spaces more frequently and attaching greater importance to using them score higher in psychological tests including problem-solving abilities and negative feelings’ analysis. Therefore, availability of natural spaces should be improved by governments and being exposed to nature should be highlighted. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Those using natural spaces more frequently and attaching greater importance to using them score higher in psychological tests including problem-solving abilities and negative feelings’ analysis.运用现在分词作定语对原文第三段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Therefore, availability of natural spaces should be improved by governments and being exposed to nature should be highlighted.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括。 13．One possible version: ChatGPT can help us in many ways. First, the more we talk to it, the better advice it can provide. Second, it can create many new stories. Third, it can work out a framework for our writing. In a word, ChatGPT can give all the possible answers for us to choose from according to our needs. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，ChatGPT可以在很多方面帮助我们。首先，我们和它交谈得越多，它就能提供更好的建议。其次，它可以创造许多新的故事。第三，它可以为我们的写作制定一个框架。总之，ChatGPT可以根据我们的需要提供所有可能的答案供我们选择。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people? ②So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you. ③Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you. ④Of course, it doesn’t always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it’s much easier to fill in the content from there. ⑤For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 ChatGPT can help us in many ways. First, the more we talk to it, the better advice it can provide. Second, it can create many new stories. Third, it can work out a framework for our writing. In a word, ChatGPT can give all the possible answers for us to choose from according to our needs. 【点睛】[高分句型1] First, the more we talk to it, the better advice it can provide.运用the+比较级，the+比较级对原文和第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] In a word, ChatGPT can give all the possible answers for us to choose from according to our needs. 用for sb. to do句型对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 14．Microplastics, which are tiny particles of plastic and form when plastic breaks down, are everywhere. They hardly disappear and have caused many problems to marine animals. Humans also take them in unconsciously each day. Though we remain unsure about microplastics’ effect on our health, we’d better reuse and recycle plastic to reduce plastic waste. (54 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微塑料以及它给海洋动物造成了许多问题。人类每天也会无意识地吸收它们。虽然我们仍然不确定微塑料对我们健康的影响，但我们最好对塑料进行再利用和回收，以减少塑料废物。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①They are particles (颗粒) of any type of plastic that are less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径). They have resulted from the plastic pollution widespread in the world today. ②When plastic is exposed to environmental forces, it breaks down into these tiny particles, which, in turn, do not disappear but continue to exist for hundreds or even thousands of years. ③Often mistaken for food, plastics and microplastics in oceans and on beaches are often consumed by marine animals, which is harmful. ④Researchers don’t know yet if or how this will affect humans. So, while the evidence is still missing of the effect microplastics have on people’s health, reusing and recycling plastic is a no-brainer. 2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Microplastics, tiny particles formed when plastic breaks down, are ubiquitous and cause many problems for Marine animals. Humans unconsciously absorb them every day. While we are still unsure of the impact of microplastics on our health, we are better off reusing and recycling plastics to reduce plastic waste. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Microplastics, which are tiny particles of plastic and form when plastic breaks down, are everywhere.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]：Though we remain unsure about microplastics’ effect on our health, we’d better reuse and recycle plastic to reduce plastic waste. （运用了Though引导的让步状语从句） 15．Researchers are studying what may create love. One possible factor is the first impressions when people meet and talk to each other, no matter how long the talk lasts. The second key is the smell, through which people get information about others, just like what animals do with pheromones. Last, good appearance also matters and can cause positive thinking. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员正在研究是什么产生了爱情，以及重点介绍了可能产生爱情的三个因素。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Then, researchers wonder, can love, a highly valued emotional state, be created? ②To help determine the ingredients of attraction, one research paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes to get a sense of each other’s individuality. ③In contrast, humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals.  Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction.   ④When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face. 2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句One possible factor is the first impression people make when they meet and talk, no matter how long the conversation lasts. The second key is smell, through which people get information about others, just as animals get information through pheromones. Finally, a good appearance is also important and can cause positive thinking. 【点睛】[高分句型1]One possible factor is the first impressions when people meet and talk to each other, no matter how long the talk lasts.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及no matter how引导的让步状语从句） [高分句型2]The second key is the smell, through which people get information about others, just like what animals do with pheromones.（运用了介词through+关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句） 16．The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.(51 words) 【导语】这篇文章讨论了建立和维护友谊所需的时间，指出需要至少200小时才能发展成为亲密的朋友。尽管没有固定的时间公式，但深入的对话和情感分享可以加快友谊的建立。维持友谊不仅取决于相处时间，还包括深入交流、支持朋友、庆祝成就等积极行为。关键在于分享并保持真诚的互动，这有助于建立和巩固亲密友谊。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact. ② Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. ③ However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. ④ When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. 2.缜密构思。将要点②③总说，将①④分说 3，遣词造句 The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process. It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters. Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.（运了用with复合结构做状语） 【高分句型2】Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.（运用了动名词做主语和宾语） 17．There are obstacles in decision- making. Some perfectionists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sound decision-making. Without cognitive biases, indecisive people tend to consider different perspectives. Also, intelligent people like rationalizing unreasonable beliefs instead of admitting their errors. Therefore, the real obstacle to better decision-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecision. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，决策过程中存在障碍。有些完美主义者优柔寡断，但事实上，他们的优柔寡断有助于做出正确的决策。没有认知偏差，优柔寡断的人倾向于考虑不同的观点。此外，聪明的人喜欢把不合理的信念合理化，而不是承认自己的错误。因此，做出更好决策的真正障碍是智慧和果断，而不是优柔寡断。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Some of us just find it hard to decide. ②It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones. ③She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases. ④David Robson tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision. ⑤People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs. ⑥So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices while humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3、6几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 There are obstacles in decision- making. Some perfectionists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sound decision-making. Without cognitive biases, indecisive people tend to consider different perspectives. Also, intelligent people like rationalizing unreasonable beliefs instead of admitting their errors. Therefore, the real obstacle to better decision-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecision. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：There are obstacles in decision- making. (这句话运用了there be句型) [高分句型2]：Also, intelligent people like rationalizing unreasonable beliefs instead of admitting their errors. (这句话运用了动名词作宾语) 18．American government lays emphasis on both liberal arts, science and technology in its educational system. But with the development of science and technology, it seems that STEM weighs more, as parents and students focus on practical majors and long for a job. In fact, employers prefer students with a broadly-based education, because they are flexible to solve problems. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国强调科学、技术、工程、数学相关学科在教育系统中的重要性。最新的国会报告肯定了两者的学习对于培养人才都至关重要。但是由于科技的发展，家长和学生都认为STEM似乎更重要，因为他们想要找到一份相关的工作。事实上，雇主们已经表达了对那些受过广泛教育的学生的偏好，因为这些学生更善于解决问题。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way. ②The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also claims that the study of the humanities (人文学科) and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. ③Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. ④Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. ⑤Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily. 2.缜密构思 将①、②两个要点进行整合，将③、④两个要点进行整合，将要点③、④、⑤进行重组。 3.遣词造句 American government attaches great importance to liberal arts, science and technology in its educational system. But as science and technology advance, it seems that STEM weighs more, as parents and students pay more attention to practical majors and desire for a job. As a matter of fact, employers favor students with a broadly-based education background in that they are flexible to work out problems. 【点睛】[高分句型1] But with the development of science and technology, it seems that STEM weighs more, as parents and students focus on practical majors and long for a job.（运用it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，as引导状语从句） [高分句型2] In fact, employers prefer students with a broadly-based education, because they are flexible to solve problems.（运用because引导状语从句） 第 2 页 共 40 页 第 1 页 共 40 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$