03 必修三 Unit 3 The world of science - 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（外研版2019）

必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.press v. 按 2．virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的 3．passive adj. 被动的 4．beyond prep. 无法…… 5．instance n. 例子，实例 6．significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的 7．species n. 物种 8．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的 9．cure n. 药剂；疗法 10．declaration n. 声明，宣告 11．experiment n. (科学)实验 12．attach v. 系，绑；贴 13．account n. 记述，描述 14．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 15.gunpowder n. 火药 16．compass n. 指南针，罗盘 17．compute v. 计算 18．stuff n. 东西，物品 19．chemist n. 化学家 20．astronomer n. 天文学家 21．biologist n. 生物学家 22．natural selection 自然选择 23．field research 实地研究，实地调研 24．theory n. 学说，理论 25．lightning n. 闪电 26．fiction n. 虚构的事，想象的事 27．metal n. 金属 28．flash n. 闪光 29．entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地 30．gravity n. 重力，引力 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1.shoot v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射→shot n. 开枪，射击；击球，射门，投篮；(电影中的)镜头 2．flexible adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性；弹性；适应性 3．capable adj. 有能力的→capably adv. 能干地→capability n. 能力；才能 4．desire n. 渴望，欲望→desirable adj. 令人向往的，渴望的 5．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤→injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 6．accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv. 准确地；精确地；如实地→accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确(程度) 7．origin n. 起源，起因→original adj. 最初的，独创的，原作的→originate v. 起源，发源，发端于 8．brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的→brilliance n. 才智，才华 9．mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上 10．conduct v. 传导(热、电)→conduction n. 传导→conductive adj. 传导的→conductor n. 导体；指挥 11．scientific adj. 科学(上)的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 12．proof n. 证明，证据→prove v. 证明；证实 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1．in addition 除此之外，另外 2．thanks to 多亏 3．be used to do sth 被用于做某事 4．in terms of 依据；就……而言；在……方面 5．start with 以……开始 6．lead to 导致；通向 7．at the moment 现在，目前 8．never say never 别轻易说决不 9．look for 寻找 10．name after 以……命名 11．due to 因为，由于 12．along with 和……一起 13．more than 超过；多于；不只是 14．be regarded as 被看作……；被认为是 15．apart from 除了 16．be known as 作为……而闻名 17．instead of 代替，而不是 18．at that time 那时 19．be attached to 被拴在，被系在 20．neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… 21．come up with 想出，提出 22．even if 即使 23．contribute to 为……作贡献；促成；捐款给……；给……投稿 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① press v. 按(教材P25) 　写出press在下列句中的词性及词义 ①When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five－pound note into her hand.________ ②(牛津高阶)They are pressing us to make a quick decision.________ ③(牛津高阶)Unlike the American, the British press operates on a national scale.________ 答案：①v. 将……塞进　②v. 催促　③n. 报纸，报刊 　 一句多译 ④(剑桥高阶)委员会敦促他透露更多信息。 The committee ____________________ more information. ＝The committee ____________________ more information. 答案：④pressed him to reveal; pressed him into revealing ② shoot v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射(教材P25) [名师点津]　shoot作动词讲时，其过去式和过去分词都是shot；作名词讲时，还有“幼苗，嫩芽”之意。 　写出shoot在下列句中的词性及词义 ①(剑桥高阶)A policeman was shot dead in the city centre last night. ________ ②Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.________ ③(剑桥高阶)The film was shot on location in Southern India.________ ④Summers in the mid－70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.________ ⑤(剑桥高阶)Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green shoots started to appear.________ 答案：①v. 射杀，射击　②v. 喷射　③v. 拍摄　④v. 射门　⑤n. 嫩芽 　 单句表达 ⑥他用枪向那只鸟射击，但没打中。 ____________________________， but missed it. 答案：⑥He shot at the bird with his gun ③ desire n. 渴望，欲望(教材P27) 　 单句语法填空 ①Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire _____ (change) the tradition. ②(牛津高阶)She desires you ________ (come) at once. ③(朗文当代)It was Harold's desire that he should ________ (bury) next to his wife. ④(柯林斯词典)It is said to see a man so corrupted by the desire ________ money and power. 答案：①to change　②to come　③be buried　④for 　 单句表达 ⑤阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。 Reading satisfies ___________________________________________________. 答案：⑤my desire to keep learning ④ injure v. 使受伤，弄伤(教材P29) 　单句语法填空 ①A war ________ (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. ②(剑桥高阶)He ________ badly ________ (injure) in the crash. ③(剑桥高阶)The ________ (injure) were taken to several nearby hospitals. 答案：①injury　②was; injured　③injured 　 单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)这可能会严重损害公司的声誉。 This could seriously ____________________________________． 答案：④injure the company's reputation ⑤ declaration n. 声明，宣告(教材P32) [名师点津]　declare表示“宣称；宣布”，其后的宾语可以是名词、代词，也可以是that从句，但不跟不定式。 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make written ________ (declare) of what we had seen. ②At last, the referee declared Tom ________ (be) the winner of the competition. ③(牛津高阶)The commission declared ________ the proposed scheme. ④Britain and France declared war ________ Germany in 1939 as a result of the invasion of Poland. ⑤(朗文当代)The city ________ (declare) to be in a state of siege. 答案：①declarations　②to be　③against　④on　⑤was declared 　 单句表达 ⑥主席登上讲台，宣布会议开幕。 The chairman stepped up and ______________________________． 答案：⑥declared the meeting open ⑥ experiment n. (科学)实验(教材P32) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)The changes to the distribution system are purely ________ (experiment) at the moment. ②(剑桥高阶)Some people believe that experiments ________ animals should be banned. ③Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering (修补), as craftsmen experimented ________ glass to better bend light. 答案：①experimental　②on　③with 　 单句表达 ④(剑桥高阶)科学家们正在进行实验以测试新药的有效性。 Scientists ________________________ to test the effectiveness of the new drug. 答案：④are conducting/carrying out/doing experiments ⑦ attach v. 系，绑；贴(教材P32) [名师点津]　attach ... to ... 中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。 　 单句语法填空 ①So would you please spare some time to review the draft script ________ (attach) to this email and make necessary changes? ②(剑桥高阶)This food processor has a special ________ (attach) for grinding coffee. ③Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached ________ humans. 答案：①attached　②attachment　③to 　 单句表达 ④父母应该重视培养孩子的良好生活习惯。 Parents should ____________________ developing children's good habits in life. ⑤你有多依赖你的座机？ How ____________________ your landline? 答案：④attach importance to　⑤attached are you to ⑧ account n. 记述，描述(教材P33) 　 单句语法填空 ①The results held true even after the scientists accounted ______the participants' overall health status. ②(朗文当代)She was told to wear flat shoes, ________ account of her back problem. ③(牛津高阶)The defendant asked for a number of other offences to be taken ________ account. 答案：①for　②on　③into 　 单句表达 ④(朗文当代)他因受惊过度而无法描述所发生的事情。 He was too shocked to ________________ what had happened. ⑤(朗文当代)我工作时，你决不能打扰我。 On no account ____________________ when I'm working. 答案：④give an account of　⑤must you disturb me ① in addition 除此之外，另外(教材P27) 　选词填空(in addition/in addition to) ①___________ practical skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self－worth, and promote feelings of community. ②(朗文当代)The company provides cheap Internet access. ____________， it makes shareware freely available. 答案：①In addition to　②In addition 　 单句表达 ③除了省钱之外，奶酪卤水也是一种更环保的选择。 ________________________， cheese brine could also be a more eco－friendly option. 答案：③In addition to saving money ② in terms of 就……而言，在……方面(教材P27) 　单句语法填空 ①He has been ________ good terms with his colleagues ever since he came to this company. ②(朗文当代)________ the long term, alcohol causes high blood pressure. 答案：①on　②In 　 单句表达 ③(牛津高阶)就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。 The job is great ________________ salary, but it has its disadvantages. 答案：③in terms of neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. (教材P33)然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。 (1)neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。 (2)neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。 (3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。 　 单句语法填空 ①Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband ________ known as a gardener. ②I hadn't been to New York before and ________ had Jane. 答案：①was　②neither/nor 　 句型转换 ③Both of the twins don't like playing football. →___________________________________________________________ ④The parents were not satisfied with the result and the boy wasn't satisfied, either. →________________________________ was satisfied with the result. →The parents were not satisfied with the result. ________________________． 答案：③Neither of the twins likes playing football. ④Neither the parents nor the boy; Neither was the boy （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(剑桥高阶)A force 10 wind is capable ________ blowing the roofs off houses. 答案：of 2．Popularization has in some cases changed the ________ (origin) meaning of emotional intelligence. 答案：original 3．(剑桥高阶)There is a strong desire ________ peace among the people. 答案：for 4．Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the ________ (science) and scholarly study of emotion. 答案：scientific 5．(牛津高阶)We must account ________ every penny we spend during a business trip. 答案：for 6．(牛津高阶)Excessive dosage of this drug can result in ________ (injure) to the liver. 答案：injury 7．(牛津高阶)We've grown very attached ________ this house. 答案：to 8．(剑桥高阶)The discovery of the new drug is of great ________ (significant) to people suffering from heart problems. 答案：significance 9．We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not ________ (entire) recognize the food. 答案：entirely 10．(牛津高阶)The ________ (declare) asked governments to consider introducing new environmental taxes. 答案：declaration Ⅱ.选词填空 more than; in terms of; instead of; beyond recognition; in addition; come up with; even if; thanks to; die from; take place 1．(柯林斯词典)____________ rushing at life, I wanted something more meaningful. 答案：Instead of 2．There is something to be said for being a generalist, ____________ you are a specialist. 答案：even if 3．To her great sorrow, her brother ____________ a traffic accident last week. 答案：died from 4．In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organizations have begun _______plans to counter this trend. 答案：coming up with 5．(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little ____________ a few feet deep. 答案：more than 6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interested in playing football ____________ a small accident. 答案：thanks to 7．(柯林斯词典)Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would ____________ on Sunday. 答案：take place 8．The town has changed ____________ since I was last here. 答案：beyond recognition 9．(剑桥高阶)____________ money, I was better off in my last job. 答案：In terms of 10．(牛津高阶)____________， there are six other applicants. 答案：In addition Ⅲ.单句表达 1．正如作者所解释的，这既不是一本旅行书，也不是一本历史书，甚至不是一篇报告文学。 As the author explains, this is ________________________， or even a piece of reportage. 答案：neither a travel nor a history book 2．(中国日报)两国高层互访密切，两国人民文化交流频繁。 ________________________________________ between our two countries and frequent cultural exchanges between our two peoples. 答案：There have been close exchanges of high－level visits 3．(2021·全国甲卷)为什么有些人比我们其他人更聪明或更有创造力？ ____________________ some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? 答案：Why is it that 4．(中国日报)据主办方介绍，在一场博士后创新创业大赛中，共有54个博士后项目签署，预计合作金额达11.3亿元(1.8亿美元)。 A total of 54 postdoctoral projects, with an intended cooperation worth 1.13 billion yuan ($180 million), ________________ during a postdoctoral innovation and entrepreneurship competition, according to organizers. 答案：have been signed 5．(2021·全国甲卷)可以步行或骑自行车走14公里。 It is possible ____________________ the entire 14 kilometers. 答案：to walk or bike （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 形容词、副词和比较等级 高考真题练悟 单句语法填空 1．When he looked down，he ________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] 2．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1，000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.[2022·全国甲卷] 3．As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.[2022·全国乙卷] 4．In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ________ (high) mountain.[2022·全国甲卷] 5．That's a big problem and it is getting even ________ (bad). The use of those plastics has increased by 300% since 2019.[2022·北京卷] [感悟]　语法填空二谨记 1．形容词、副词的词形转换 ①若空处作定语、表语则应考虑填形容词形式； ②若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式； 2．形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 ①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级； ②设空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时用最高级； ③设空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。 ④“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。 ⑤句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 考点多维突破 考点一 形容词和副词的句法功能 1．形容词用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。 Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied． 被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩跑回了家，既开心又满足。 2．副词用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；单独作状语。 I firmly believed that you will finish your run if you bravely face this challenge. 我坚信，只要你勇敢地面对这个挑战，你一定能跑完全程。[2022·新课标卷读后续写] 【名师指津】　有些副词如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 Unfortunately, as our economy advances, recent years have seen the oceans being polluted. 不幸的是，随着我们经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了污染。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．________ (typical), the winners receive prize money at the end of the competition.[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测] 2．Rong Bao Zhai is located in Beijing. Its woodblock printing skill was listed in the first batch of national-level intangible (非物质的) ________ (culture) heritage by the State Council of PRC.[2023·湖南省高三六校联考] 3．Dragon boat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, ________ (initial) in honor of the Chinese water or dragon deity (神) in an effort to call down rain and avoid misfortune and disaster.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研] 4．Since many of the ________ (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value.[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一] 考点二 形容词和副词的构词规律 1.形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加-ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific [以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)] 动词词尾加-ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective [提示]　如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下： (1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 2. 形容词转化为副词的规律 【名师指津】　(1)词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (2)词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly (高中阶段仅此一例) (3)下列单词以-ly结尾， 但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ________ (qualify)．[2023·厦门市第二次质量检测] 2．They have developed an ________ (advance) system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space.[2023·南京市高考模拟卷(一)] 3．A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices, from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ________ (education) difficulties.[2023·郴州市高三第一次教学质量监测] 4．This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ________ (wide) used.[2023·连云港市高三第二次调研] 5．China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ________(possible) build a scientific base there.[2023·抚顺市普通高三模拟] 高考真题练悟 1．答案与解析：accidentally　考查词性转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰动词slipped, 故可知该填副词。 2．答案与解析：meaningful　考查词形转换。结合句意“这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知，空处应用形容词。 3．答案与解析：largest　考查形容词的最高级。“tea-producing country”前应用形容词修饰，提示词为形容词，且空前有定冠词“the”，再结合常识可知，应用形容词的最高级。 4．答案与解析：highest　考查形容词最高级。根据常识可知，乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，故填最高级。 5．答案与解析：worse　形容词的比较级。根据空前的even和语境可知，该处指“情况甚至变得更加糟糕”，故填bad的比较级。 考点多维突破 考点一 即学即练 1．答案与解析：Typically　副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰整个句子，所以填Typically，注意首字母大写。 2．答案与解析：cultural　形容词。根据空前的intangible和空后的heritage可知，空处应填culture的形容词形式，故填cultural。 3．答案与解析：initially　副词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰后面的介词短语，故用副词形式。 4．答案与解析：original　考查形容词。句意：由于许多园林的原始特征被保留下来，该园林具有很高的历史和艺术价值。修饰名词features需用形容词作定语。 考点二 即学即练 1．答案与解析：qualified　考查形容词。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终变得合格。系动词became后接形容词作表语。主语是人，所以用-ed形式形容词。 2．答案与解析：advanced　考查形容词。句意：他们开发了一种先进的系统，可以在任何地方种植植物，甚至在太空中。名词system前用形容词修饰。 3．答案与解析：educational　考查形容词。句意：许多问题都与过度使用电子设备有关，从眼睛健康、心理健康问题到成瘾教育困难。根据名词difficulties可知，此处要用形容词作定语。 4．答案与解析：widely　考查副词。句意：在广泛使用传统药物的国家尤其如此。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，作状语，修饰used。 5．答案与解析：possibly　考查副词。句意：中国已经表达了将人类送上月球并可能在那里建立一个科学基地的雄心。动词build前用副词修饰。 $$必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science 知识背诵清单通关练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量+核心词汇之转换词形词性 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 （第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 （第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. v. 按 2． adj. 虚拟的，模拟的 3． adj. 被动的 4． prep. 无法…… 5． n. 例子，实例 6． adj. 重要的，影响深远的 7． n. 物种 8． adj. 非凡的，出色的 9． n. 药剂；疗法 10． n. 声明，宣告 11． n. (科学)实验 12． v. 系，绑；贴 13． n. 记述，描述 14． n. 程序，步骤，手续 15. n. 火药 16． n. 指南针，罗盘 17． v. 计算 18． n. 东西，物品 19． n. 化学家 20． n. 天文学家 21． n. 生物学家 22． 自然选择 23． 实地研究，实地调研 24． n. 学说，理论 25． n. 闪电 26． n. 虚构的事，想象的事 27． n. 金属 28． n. 闪光 29． adv. 完全地，彻底地 30． n. 重力，引力 核心词汇之转换词形词性 1. v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射→ n. 开枪，射击；击球，射门，投篮；(电影中的)镜头 2． adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的→ n. 柔韧性；灵活性；弹性；适应性 3． adj. 有能力的→ adv. 能干地→ n. 能力；才能 4． n. 渴望，欲望→ adj. 令人向往的，渴望的 5． v. 使受伤，弄伤→ n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处→ adj. 受伤的；有伤的 6． adj. 精确的→ adv. 准确地；精确地；如实地→ n. 准确(性)；精确(程度) 7． n. 起源，起因→ adj. 最初的，独创的，原作的→ v. 起源，发源，发端于 8． adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的→ n. 才智，才华 9． adj. 精神的；精神健康的→ adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上 10． v. 传导(热、电)→ n. 传导→ adj. 传导的 → n. 导体；指挥 11． adj. 科学(上)的→ n. 科学→ n. 科学家 12． n. 证明，证据→ v. 证明；证实 （第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固 1． 除此之外，另外 2． 多亏 3． 被用于做某事 4． 依据；就……而言；在……方面 5． 以……开始 6． 导致；通向 7． 现在，目前 8． 别轻易说决不 9． 寻找 10． 以……命名 11． 因为，由于 12． 和……一起 13． 超过；多于；不只是 14． 被看作……；被认为是 15． 除了 16． 作为……而闻名 17． 代替，而不是 18． 那时 19． 被拴在，被系在 20． 既不……也不…… 21． 想出，提出 22． 即使 23． 为……作贡献；促成；捐款给……；给……投稿 第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固 ① press v. 按(教材P25) 　写出press在下列句中的词性及词义 ①When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five－pound note into her hand.________ ②(牛津高阶)They are pressing us to make a quick decision.________ ③(牛津高阶)Unlike the American, the British press operates on a national scale.________ 　 一句多译 ④(剑桥高阶)委员会敦促他透露更多信息。 The committee ____________________ more information. ＝The committee ____________________ more information. ② shoot v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射(教材P25) [名师点津]　shoot作动词讲时，其过去式和过去分词都是shot；作名词讲时，还有“幼苗，嫩芽”之意。 　写出shoot在下列句中的词性及词义 ①(剑桥高阶)A policeman was shot dead in the city centre last night. ________ ②Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.________ ③(剑桥高阶)The film was shot on location in Southern India.________ ④Summers in the mid－70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.________ ⑤(剑桥高阶)Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green shoots started to appear.________ 　 单句表达 ⑥他用枪向那只鸟射击，但没打中。 ____________________________， but missed it. ③ desire n. 渴望，欲望(教材P27) 　 单句语法填空 ①Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire _____ (change) the tradition. ②(牛津高阶)She desires you ________ (come) at once. ③(朗文当代)It was Harold's desire that he should ________ (bury) next to his wife. ④(柯林斯词典)It is said to see a man so corrupted by the desire ________ money and power. 　 单句表达 ⑤阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。 Reading satisfies ___________________________________________________. ④ injure v. 使受伤，弄伤(教材P29) 　单句语法填空 ①A war ________ (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. ②(剑桥高阶)He ________ badly ________ (injure) in the crash. ③(剑桥高阶)The ________ (injure) were taken to several nearby hospitals. 　 单句表达 ④(牛津高阶)这可能会严重损害公司的声誉。 This could seriously ____________________________________． ⑤ declaration n. 声明，宣告(教材P32) [名师点津]　declare表示“宣称；宣布”，其后的宾语可以是名词、代词，也可以是that从句，但不跟不定式。 　 单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make written ________ (declare) of what we had seen. ②At last, the referee declared Tom ________ (be) the winner of the competition. ③(牛津高阶)The commission declared ________ the proposed scheme. ④Britain and France declared war ________ Germany in 1939 as a result of the invasion of Poland. ⑤(朗文当代)The city ________ (declare) to be in a state of siege. 　 单句表达 ⑥主席登上讲台，宣布会议开幕。 The chairman stepped up and ______________________________． ⑥ experiment n. (科学)实验(教材P32) 　单句语法填空 ①(剑桥高阶)The changes to the distribution system are purely ________ (experiment) at the moment. ②(剑桥高阶)Some people believe that experiments ________ animals should be banned. ③Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering (修补), as craftsmen experimented ________ glass to better bend light. 　 单句表达 ④(剑桥高阶)科学家们正在进行实验以测试新药的有效性。 Scientists ________________________ to test the effectiveness of the new drug. ⑦ attach v. 系，绑；贴(教材P32) [名师点津]　attach ... to ... 中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。 　 单句语法填空 ①So would you please spare some time to review the draft script ________ (attach) to this email and make necessary changes? ②(剑桥高阶)This food processor has a special ________ (attach) for grinding coffee. ③Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached ________ humans. 　 单句表达 ④父母应该重视培养孩子的良好生活习惯。 Parents should ____________________ developing children's good habits in life. ⑤你有多依赖你的座机？ How ____________________ your landline? ⑧ account n. 记述，描述(教材P33) 　 单句语法填空 ①The results held true even after the scientists accounted ______the participants' overall health status. ②(朗文当代)She was told to wear flat shoes, ________ account of her back problem. ③(牛津高阶)The defendant asked for a number of other offences to be taken ________ account. 　 单句表达 ④(朗文当代)他因受惊过度而无法描述所发生的事情。 He was too shocked to ________________ what had happened. ⑤(朗文当代)我工作时，你决不能打扰我。 On no account ____________________ when I'm working. ① in addition 除此之外，另外(教材P27) 　选词填空(in addition/in addition to) ①___________ practical skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self－worth, and promote feelings of community. ②(朗文当代)The company provides cheap Internet access. ____________， it makes shareware freely available. 　 单句表达 ③除了省钱之外，奶酪卤水也是一种更环保的选择。 ________________________， cheese brine could also be a more eco－friendly option. ② in terms of 就……而言，在……方面(教材P27) 　单句语法填空 ①He has been ________ good terms with his colleagues ever since he came to this company. ②(朗文当代)________ the long term, alcohol causes high blood pressure. 　 单句表达 ③(牛津高阶)就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。 The job is great ________________ salary, but it has its disadvantages. neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. (教材P33)然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。 (1)neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。 (2)neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。 (3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。 　 单句语法填空 ①Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband ________ known as a gardener. ②I hadn't been to New York before and ________ had Jane. 　 句型转换 ③Both of the twins don't like playing football. →___________________________________________________________ ④The parents were not satisfied with the result and the boy wasn't satisfied, either. →________________________________ was satisfied with the result. →The parents were not satisfied with the result. ________________________． （第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(剑桥高阶)A force 10 wind is capable ________ blowing the roofs off houses. 2．Popularization has in some cases changed the ________ (origin) meaning of emotional intelligence. 3．(剑桥高阶)There is a strong desire ________ peace among the people. 4．Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the ________ (science) and scholarly study of emotion. 5．(牛津高阶)We must account ________ every penny we spend during a business trip. 6．(牛津高阶)Excessive dosage of this drug can result in ________ (injure) to the liver. 7．(牛津高阶)We've grown very attached ________ this house. 8．(剑桥高阶)The discovery of the new drug is of great ________ (significant) to people suffering from heart problems. 9．We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not ________ (entire) recognize the food. 10．(牛津高阶)The ________ (declare) asked governments to consider introducing new environmental taxes. Ⅱ.选词填空 more than; in terms of; instead of; beyond recognition; in addition; come up with; even if; thanks to; die from; take place 1．(柯林斯词典)____________ rushing at life, I wanted something more meaningful. 2．There is something to be said for being a generalist, ____________ you are a specialist. 3．To her great sorrow, her brother ____________ a traffic accident last week. 4．In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organizations have begun _______plans to counter this trend. 5．(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little ____________ a few feet deep. 6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interested in playing football ____________ a small accident. 7．(柯林斯词典)Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would ____________ on Sunday. 8．The town has changed ____________ since I was last here. 9．(剑桥高阶)____________ money, I was better off in my last job. 10．(牛津高阶)____________， there are six other applicants. Ⅲ.单句表达 1．正如作者所解释的，这既不是一本旅行书，也不是一本历史书，甚至不是一篇报告文学。 As the author explains, this is ________________________， or even a piece of reportage. 2．(中国日报)两国高层互访密切，两国人民文化交流频繁。 ________________________________________ between our two countries and frequent cultural exchanges between our two peoples. 3．(2021·全国甲卷)为什么有些人比我们其他人更聪明或更有创造力？ ____________________ some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? 4．(中国日报)据主办方介绍，在一场博士后创新创业大赛中，共有54个博士后项目签署，预计合作金额达11.3亿元(1.8亿美元)。 A total of 54 postdoctoral projects, with an intended cooperation worth 1.13 billion yuan ($180 million), ________________ during a postdoctoral innovation and entrepreneurship competition, according to organizers. 5．(2021·全国甲卷)可以步行或骑自行车走14公里。 It is possible ____________________ the entire 14 kilometers. （第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练 形容词、副词和比较等级 高考真题练悟 单句语法填空 1．When he looked down，he ________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] 2．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1，000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.[2022·全国甲卷] 3．As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.[2022·全国乙卷] 4．In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ________ (high) mountain.[2022·全国甲卷] 5．That's a big problem and it is getting even ________ (bad). The use of those plastics has increased by 300% since 2019.[2022·北京卷] [感悟]　语法填空二谨记 1．形容词、副词的词形转换 ①若空处作定语、表语则应考虑填形容词形式； ②若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式； 2．形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 ①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级； ②设空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时用最高级； ③设空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。 ④“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。 ⑤句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 考点多维突破 考点一 形容词和副词的句法功能 1．形容词用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。 Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied． 被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩跑回了家，既开心又满足。 2．副词用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；单独作状语。 I firmly believed that you will finish your run if you bravely face this challenge. 我坚信，只要你勇敢地面对这个挑战，你一定能跑完全程。[2022·新课标卷读后续写] 【名师指津】　有些副词如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 Unfortunately, as our economy advances, recent years have seen the oceans being polluted. 不幸的是，随着我们经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了污染。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．________ (typical), the winners receive prize money at the end of the competition.[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测] 2．Rong Bao Zhai is located in Beijing. Its woodblock printing skill was listed in the first batch of national-level intangible (非物质的) ________ (culture) heritage by the State Council of PRC.[2023·湖南省高三六校联考] 3．Dragon boat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, ________ (initial) in honor of the Chinese water or dragon deity (神) in an effort to call down rain and avoid misfortune and disaster.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研] 4．Since many of the ________ (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value.[2023·苏锡常镇四市调研一] 考点二 形容词和副词的构词规律 1.形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加-ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific [以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)] 动词词尾加-ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective [提示]　如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下： (1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 2. 形容词转化为副词的规律 【名师指津】　(1)词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (2)词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly (高中阶段仅此一例) (3)下列单词以-ly结尾， 但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。 即学即练 单句语法填空 1．So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ________ (qualify)．[2023·厦门市第二次质量检测] 2．They have developed an ________ (advance) system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space.[2023·南京市高考模拟卷(一)] 3．A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices, from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ________ (education) difficulties.[2023·郴州市高三第一次教学质量监测] 4．This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ________ (wide) used.[2023·连云港市高三第二次调研] 5．China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ________(possible) build a scientific base there.[2023·抚顺市普通高三模拟] $$