01.Unit 1 People of achievement单元重点词汇导学案-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高二英语同步学与练(人教版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 1 People of achievement 单元重点词汇导学案 1.了解单元词汇全貌并认识其意义。 2.掌握重点词汇的含义及使用方法。 看词找义 释义备选 1.physiology 　　　　n. ______________ 2.artemisinin n.______________ 3.malaria n.______________ 4.property n.______________ 5.extract n.& vt.______________ 6.wormwood n.______________ 7.substance n.______________ 8.formula n.______________ 9.doctorate n.______________ 10.photoelectric adj.______________ 11.institution n.______________ 12.moustache n.______________ 13.peculiarity n.______________ 14.mourn vt.& vi.______________ 15.device n.______________ A.博士学位 B.光电的 C.社会公共机构; 制度; 习俗 D.生理学; 生理机能 E.[药]青蒿素 F.蒿; 洋艾 G.物质; 物品; 事实根据 H.公式; 方程式; 配方 I.疟疾 J.上唇的胡子; 髭 K.性质; 特征; 财产 L.提取物; 摘录;提取;提炼;(用力)拔出 M.方法; 技巧; 装置; 仪器 N.个性; 特点; 怪异的性质 O.哀悼; 忧伤 1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江高考)As I served the role ______________vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English.  ②As far as I’m concerned, it is vital ______________ (keep) accurate records.  ③If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we ______________(begin) with small steps.  【要点拓展】 be vital to/for...　　　　　　对……极其重要 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 It’s vital that sb. (should) do ... 某人做……极为重要 2.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①He ______________(commit) a mistake when attending the English speech contest. ②After realizing the delay, he committed ______________ (he)to doing it at once. ③The new graduate kept his ______________(commit) and returned back to his hometown to teach us. 【要点拓展】 (1)commit oneself to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事 commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误 (2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的,坚定的;坚信的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事 (3)commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺;保证 make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事 3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①Mary refused to acknowledge ______________ (lie) to the head teacher, which made her parents angry. ②There is almost universal ______________ (acknowledge) that China has made great advances in space exploration. 【要点拓展】 (1)acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事 acknowledge that 承认…… acknowledge to be 认为是…… It is generally/widely acknowledged that... 普遍认为…… (2)acknowledgement n. 承认 4.consequence n.结果; 后果 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)What is a ______________ (consequent) of food waste according to the text? ②Alice put her heart into her studies last term,and ______________ (consequence),she made great progress in the final examination. 完成句子 ③Suddenly,there was the roar of a helicopter in the sky. The trees were high and the forest was thick. ______________,the pilot did not see her.  突然,天空中传来了直升飞机的轰鸣声。由于树高林密,飞行员没有看到她。 【要点拓展】 (1)accept/face/take the consequences 　　　　承担后果 as a consequence /in consequence 因此; 所以 as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于……; 因为 (2)consequent adj. 随之发生的; 由此引起的 (3)consequently adv.因此; 结果 5.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的 【巩固检测】 完成句子 ①(2022·北京高考)Systems thinking ______________ such as zero hunger and better nutrition.  系统思维对于实现零饥饿和改善营养等目标至关重要。 ②To our minds,education is a fundamental task ______________.在我们看来,教育是一项对子孙后代至关重要的根本任务。  ③Kindness ______________ the administration and development of charities.善良在慈善事业的管理和发展中起着至关重要的作用。  【要点拓展】 be crucial to/for...　　　　对……至关重要 play a crucial part/role in... 在……中起至关重要的作用 6.come to power (开始)掌权;上台 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①It’s ______________ his power,which means he has no power to do it. ②He has power ______________ many people’s lives and property. 【要点拓展】 have power over　　　　控制, 支配 have no power over 没有支配权 beyond one’s power 某人力所不及 【误区释疑】 power泛指“力”,可指身体的或心理的,外在的或潜在的,具体的或抽象的。force指“武力;暴力”,往往意味着克服阻力。strength意为“力量;力气”,多指人体或物体内存的能力。 7.take up a position 担任;任职 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①Excuse me for taking ______________ so much of your precious time. ②Law will protect the girls taken ______________ by the criminal. ③The chairman has left,so Tom will take ______________ his position. 【要点拓展】 take up　　占用(空间或时间);开始从事;接受 take in 接受; 吸收; 理解; 注意到; 欺骗 take on 披上; 呈现; 具有; 雇用; 承担 take over 接收; 接管 take off 突然成功; 脱下; 起飞 take after (面貌、言行或性格)像 8.insist on 坚决要求 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①My best friend Tom insisted ______________ driving me to the airport to see me off tomorrow morning. ②The warm-hearted man insisted on ______________ (find) a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. ③Reporters should stick ______________ investigating the facts and cover a true story. 【要点拓展】 (1)insist on doing sth.　　　坚持做某事 (2)persist in (doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 (3)keep up sth. 坚持某事 (4)stand on sth. 坚持某事 (5)stick to(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 注：insist接that从句,用“(should+)动词原形”只表示“坚持要”。如果表示“坚持说,坚持认为某个事实”,则不用虚拟形式。 9.This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.  今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,______________ entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. ②He bought the car for more than $20, 000______________ which his father was angry. ③(2022·全国乙卷)So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo.to instruct the children ______________ shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 【句型剖析】 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容, 或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等, 作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。 10.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.  青蒿素已成为疟疾治疗的重要组成部分, 被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①Her discovery is thought ______________ (save) tens of millions of lives all over the world.  ②Yuan Longping was thought ______________(be) one of the greatest scientists in agriculture in the world.  ③It ______________ (report) that the fire was put out by the firefighters.  【句型剖析】 sb./sth.be thought to do...意为“某人/某事物被认为……”。句型中可根据情况用to do的各种形式, 如to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done。 本句型还可转化为: it be thought that...据认为……, 句中的it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。 Ⅰ.核心单词 1.______________　　adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 2.______________ n.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜 3.______________ vt.评价;评估 4.______________ vt.承认; 感谢 5.______________ vt.偶然碰到n.邂逅;遭遇 6.______________ 　　　　vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 7.______________ adj.不一般的; 非凡的 8.______________ vt.推断;推定 9.______________ n. 条件;环境;状况 II.拓展单词 1.distinct adj.清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→______________ n.差别 2.novel n.(长篇)小说→______________ n.小说家 3.commit vt.承诺; 保证vi.忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→______________ adj.尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →______________ n.承诺; 保证;奉献 4.conclude v.得出结论;结束, 终止→______________ n.结论; 推论 5.apparent adj.显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ ______________ adv.显而易见; 看来; 显然 6.science n.科学→______________ n.科学家→______________ adj.科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ ______________ adj.学业的; 学术的 8.object n.物体; 对象→______________ n.目标; 目的 adj.客观的 9.botany n.植物学→______________ adj.植物学的 10.politics n.政治学→______________ n.从政者; 政治家; 政客 III.核心短语 1.______________以(做)……为目的 2.______________　　　坚决要求 3.______________ (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗 4.______________ (开始)掌权;上台 5.______________ 　　担任;任职 6.______________　　　　　总结;概括 7.______________ 进入僵局;被卡住 8.______________ 偶然;意外地 9.______________ 导致,通向 10.______________ 经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对 IV.核心句式 1.句型公式:关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan,______________, to study malaria patients. 起初,屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。 2.句型公式:“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,______________. 随后,该药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,其中大多数人康复了。 一、完成句子 1. I have is yours. 我所有的一切都是你的。 2. the importance of protecting themselves from radiation. 让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。 3. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, countless birds came to the berries. 即使在冬天，路边也是美丽的地方，无数的鸟儿来这里吃浆果。 4. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, he has his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 5. Our team showed great in the face of difficulty, contributed to our great achievement. 我们团队在面对困难的时候展现出坚持不懈的精神, 这促使我们获得极高的成就。 6. , Jim shook his fist at me. Jim 怒火中烧，朝我挥舞着拳头。 7. 通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。 Success, is often the case, leads to happiness 8. 尽管下着大雨，萨拉坚持要去山里徒步旅行。 Despite the heavy rain, Sarah insisted going for a hike in the mountains. 9. 以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中。 Previously, water quality in the Li River suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, . 10. 如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。 If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we . 二、单句填空 11. I bought some books, five of were English novels. 12. the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 13. We will have to adopt a more (science) approach in the future. 14. He insisted checking everything himself. 15. The students return in October for the start of the new (academy) year. 16. In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly (commit) to environmental protection. 17. She has many novels, some of are interesting. 18. After each cycle of trading, companies have leftover carbon allowances (限额) can sell them to others. 19. By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume. 20. The Double Ninth Festival is also a time the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms. 21. The first space launch led to the first human space flight, led to the first moonwalk. 22. This story about self-respect and self-love, characters are Chinese, is set in Europe. 23. An additional reason it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free. 24. Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of contains Darwin’s “Tree of Life” sketch. 25. Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of , dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies. 26. Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among is Su. 27. The character “three” is shaped like a book, represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 28. A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with (science) subjects. 29. Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful. 30. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, will take on many of the future repairs. 31. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 32. After a heated discussion, they failed to arrive at a (conclude). 33. Since 2016 when the company (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 34. The fire shape pattern on its shoulder was inspired by a bronze piece with cloud patterns dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period, multiple materials appeared and social changes were underway. 35. On the list of the UNESCO City of Gastronomy, Chengdu is the birthplace of classic Sichuan dishes such as Kung Pao Chicken and MapoTofu, is famous for its spicy hotpot as well as its diverse street snacks. 36. The project, is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation units (unit), each with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). 37. Chinese knots are created in a variety (various) of colors such as gold, green, blue, or black, though the most commonly used color is red, symbolizes good luck and prosperity. 38. Five years after Pegasus, Pegasus 2 starred (star) by Shen Teng, showcased a higher level of craftsmanship and targeted the group of young and middle-aged men, significantly contributed to its box office success. 39. There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings. 40. My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. 41. People, interest is exploring their relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. 42. I collected some books, covers are yellow with years. 43. the chart shows, technology has transformed the way people get news during the past years. 44. There are about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in that school, most of are from Europe. 45. With the   mature of product oil market, the sales profit will drop   . (gradual) 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During my teenage years, I developed a deep love for ballet (芭蕾). I would volunteer at a local dance school 46 was next to my home. It was a great chance for me to be part of the dance community. One day, there was a debate about the preferred style of ballet among the teachers. Some preferred the traditional ballet, while others 47 (be) more interested in exploring modern movements. I found the content of 48 (they) discussions interesting. In order to contribute to the dance world, I decided to open my own ballet school and make it 49 (attract). I worked hard to clean up 50 old building and turn it into a beautiful studio (工作室). The greenhouse nearby provided a perfect space for practice and warm-up exercises. Creating a suitable environment for learning and dancing was important to me. I wanted my students to feel interested. 51 (actual), one of my main challenges was coming up with creative ideas for each class. I wanted each topic to ignite (激发) curiosity and 52 (excite). I was excited when my first group of freshman 53 (dancer) joined the school. It was easy for them 54 (mix) up the dance steps at first, but with practice, they became more fluent in the movements 55 before. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of achievement 单元重点词汇导学案 1.了解单元词汇全貌并认识其意义。 2.掌握重点词汇的含义及使用方法。 看词找义 释义备选 1.physiology 　　　　n. 　D　  2.artemisinin n.　E　  3.malaria n.　I　  4.property n.　K　  5.extract n.& vt.　L　  6.wormwood n.　F　  7.substance n.　G　  8.formula n.　H　  9.doctorate n.　A　  10.photoelectric adj.　B　  11.institution n.　C　  12.moustache n.　J　  13.peculiarity n.　N　  14.mourn vt.& vi.　O　  15.device n.　M　  A.博士学位 B.光电的 C.社会公共机构; 制度; 习俗 D.生理学; 生理机能 E.[药]青蒿素 F.蒿; 洋艾 G.物质; 物品; 事实根据 H.公式; 方程式; 配方 I.疟疾 J.上唇的胡子; 髭 K.性质; 特征; 财产 L.提取物; 摘录;提取;提炼;(用力)拔出 M.方法; 技巧; 装置; 仪器 N.个性; 特点; 怪异的性质 O.哀悼; 忧伤 1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江高考)As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English.  ②As far as I’m concerned, it is vital to keep (keep) accurate records.  ③If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we (should)begin (begin) with small steps.  【要点拓展】 be vital to/for...　　　　　　对……极其重要 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 It’s vital that sb. (should) do ... 某人做……极为重要 2.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①He committed(commit) a mistake when attending the English speech contest. ②After realizing the delay, he committed himself (he)to doing it at once. ③The new graduate kept his commitment(commit) and returned back to his hometown to teach us. 【要点拓展】 (1)commit oneself to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事 commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误 (2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的,坚定的;坚信的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事 (3)commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺;保证 make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事 3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①Mary refused to acknowledge lying (lie) to the head teacher, which made her parents angry. ②There is almost universal acknowledgement (acknowledge) that China has made great advances in space exploration. 【要点拓展】 (1)acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事 acknowledge that 承认…… acknowledge to be 认为是…… It is generally/widely acknowledged that... 普遍认为…… (2)acknowledgement n. 承认 4.consequence n.结果; 后果 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)What is a consequence (consequent) of food waste according to the text? ②Alice put her heart into her studies last term,and consequently (consequence),she made great progress in the final examination. 完成句子 ③Suddenly,there was the roar of a helicopter in the sky. The trees were high and the forest was thick. As a consequence,the pilot did not see her.  突然,天空中传来了直升飞机的轰鸣声。由于树高林密,飞行员没有看到她。 【要点拓展】 (1)accept/face/take the consequences 　　　　承担后果 as a consequence /in consequence 因此; 所以 as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于……; 因为 (2)consequent adj. 随之发生的; 由此引起的 (3)consequently adv.因此; 结果 5.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的 【巩固检测】 完成句子 ①(2022·北京高考)Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition.  系统思维对于实现零饥饿和改善营养等目标至关重要。 ②To our minds,education is a fundamental task crucial for generations to come.在我们看来,教育是一项对子孙后代至关重要的根本任务。  ③Kindness plays a crucial role in the administration and development of charities.善良在慈善事业的管理和发展中起着至关重要的作用。  【要点拓展】 be crucial to/for...　　　　对……至关重要 play a crucial part/role in... 在……中起至关重要的作用 6.come to power (开始)掌权;上台 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①It’s beyond his power,which means he has no power to do it. ②He has power over many people’s lives and property. 【要点拓展】 have power over　　　　控制, 支配 have no power over 没有支配权 beyond one’s power 某人力所不及 【误区释疑】 power泛指“力”,可指身体的或心理的,外在的或潜在的,具体的或抽象的。force指“武力;暴力”,往往意味着克服阻力。strength意为“力量;力气”,多指人体或物体内存的能力。 7.take up a position 担任;任职 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①Excuse me for taking up so much of your precious time. ②Law will protect the girls taken in by the criminal. ③The chairman has left,so Tom will take over his position. 【要点拓展】 take up　　占用(空间或时间);开始从事;接受 take in 接受; 吸收; 理解; 注意到; 欺骗 take on 披上; 呈现; 具有; 雇用; 承担 take over 接收; 接管 take off 突然成功; 脱下; 起飞 take after (面貌、言行或性格)像 8.insist on 坚决要求 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①My best friend Tom insisted on driving me to the airport to see me off tomorrow morning. ②The warm-hearted man insisted on finding (find) a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. ③Reporters should stick to investigating the facts and cover a true story. 【要点拓展】 (1)insist on doing sth.　　　坚持做某事 (2)persist in (doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 (3)keep up sth. 坚持某事 (4)stand on sth. 坚持某事 (5)stick to(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 注：insist接that从句,用“(should+)动词原形”只表示“坚持要”。如果表示“坚持说,坚持认为某个事实”,则不用虚拟形式。 9.This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.  今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国乙卷)A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. ②He bought the car for more than $20, 000with which his father was angry. ③(2022·全国乙卷)So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 【句型剖析】 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容, 或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等, 作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。 10.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.  青蒿素已成为疟疾治疗的重要组成部分, 被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。 【巩固检测】 单句语法填空 ①Her discovery is thought to have saved/save (save) tens of millions of lives all over the world.  ②Yuan Longping was thought to be(be) one of the greatest scientists in agriculture in the world.  ③It is reported (report) that the fire was put out by the firefighters.  【句型剖析】 sb./sth.be thought to do...意为“某人/某事物被认为……”。句型中可根据情况用to do的各种形式, 如to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done。 本句型还可转化为: it be thought that...据认为……, 句中的it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。 Ⅰ.核心单词 1.vital　　adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 2.defeat n.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜 3.evaluate vt.评价;评估 4.acknowledge vt.承认; 感谢 5.encounter vt.偶然碰到n.邂逅;遭遇 6.obtain 　　　　vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 7.extraordinary adj.不一般的; 非凡的 8.infer vt.推断;推定 9.circumstance n. 条件;环境;状况 II.拓展单词 1.distinct adj.清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n.差别 2.novel n.(长篇)小说→novelist n.小说家 3.commit vt.承诺; 保证vi.忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n.承诺; 保证;奉献 4.conclude v.得出结论;结束, 终止→conclusion n.结论; 推论 5.apparent adj.显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv.显而易见; 看来; 显然 6.science n.科学→scientist n.科学家→scientific adj.科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj.学业的; 学术的 8.object n.物体; 对象→objective n.目标; 目的 adj.客观的 9.botany n.植物学→botanical adj.植物学的 10.politics n.政治学→politician n.从政者; 政治家; 政客 III.核心短语 1.with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的 2.insist on　　　坚决要求 3.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗 4.come to power (开始)掌权;上台 5.take up a position 　　担任;任职 6.sum up　　　　　总结;概括 7.get stuck 进入僵局;被卡住 8.by chance 偶然;意外地 9.lead to 导致,通向 10.stand up to 经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对 IV.核心句式 1.句型公式:关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 起初,屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。 2.句型公式:“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered. 随后,该药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,其中大多数人康复了。 一、完成句子 1. I have is yours. 我所有的一切都是你的。 2. the importance of protecting themselves from radiation. 让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。 3. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, countless birds came to the berries. 即使在冬天，路边也是美丽的地方，无数的鸟儿来这里吃浆果。 4. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, he has his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 5. Our team showed great in the face of difficulty, contributed to our great achievement. 我们团队在面对困难的时候展现出坚持不懈的精神, 这促使我们获得极高的成就。 6. , Jim shook his fist at me. Jim 怒火中烧，朝我挥舞着拳头。 7. 通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。 Success, is often the case, leads to happiness 8. 尽管下着大雨，萨拉坚持要去山里徒步旅行。 Despite the heavy rain, Sarah insisted going for a hike in the mountains. 9. 以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中。 Previously, water quality in the Li River suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, . 10. 如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。 If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we . 二、单句填空 11. I bought some books, five of were English novels. 12. the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 13. We will have to adopt a more (science) approach in the future. 14. He insisted checking everything himself. 15. The students return in October for the start of the new (academy) year. 16. In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly (commit) to environmental protection. 17. She has many novels, some of are interesting. 18. After each cycle of trading, companies have leftover carbon allowances (限额) can sell them to others. 19. By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume. 20. The Double Ninth Festival is also a time the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms. 21. The first space launch led to the first human space flight, led to the first moonwalk. 22. This story about self-respect and self-love, characters are Chinese, is set in Europe. 23. An additional reason it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free. 24. Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of contains Darwin’s “Tree of Life” sketch. 25. Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of , dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies. 26. Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among is Su. 27. The character “three” is shaped like a book, represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 28. A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with (science) subjects. 29. Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful. 30. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, will take on many of the future repairs. 31. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 32. After a heated discussion, they failed to arrive at a (conclude). 33. Since 2016 when the company (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 34. The fire shape pattern on its shoulder was inspired by a bronze piece with cloud patterns dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period, multiple materials appeared and social changes were underway. 35. On the list of the UNESCO City of Gastronomy, Chengdu is the birthplace of classic Sichuan dishes such as Kung Pao Chicken and MapoTofu, is famous for its spicy hotpot as well as its diverse street snacks. 36. The project, is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation units (unit), each with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). 37. Chinese knots are created in a variety (various) of colors such as gold, green, blue, or black, though the most commonly used color is red, symbolizes good luck and prosperity. 38. Five years after Pegasus, Pegasus 2 starred (star) by Shen Teng, showcased a higher level of craftsmanship and targeted the group of young and middle-aged men, significantly contributed to its box office success. 39. There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings. 40. My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. 41. People, interest is exploring their relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. 42. I collected some books, covers are yellow with years. 43. the chart shows, technology has transformed the way people get news during the past years. 44. There are about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in that school, most of are from Europe. 45. With the   mature of product oil market, the sales profit will drop   . (gradual) 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During my teenage years, I developed a deep love for ballet (芭蕾). I would volunteer at a local dance school 46 was next to my home. It was a great chance for me to be part of the dance community. One day, there was a debate about the preferred style of ballet among the teachers. Some preferred the traditional ballet, while others 47 (be) more interested in exploring modern movements. I found the content of 48 (they) discussions interesting. In order to contribute to the dance world, I decided to open my own ballet school and make it 49 (attract). I worked hard to clean up 50 old building and turn it into a beautiful studio (工作室). The greenhouse nearby provided a perfect space for practice and warm-up exercises. Creating a suitable environment for learning and dancing was important to me. I wanted my students to feel interested. 51 (actual), one of my main challenges was coming up with creative ideas for each class. I wanted each topic to ignite (激发) curiosity and 52 (excite). I was excited when my first group of freshman 53 (dancer) joined the school. It was easy for them 54 (mix) up the dance steps at first, but with practice, they became more fluent in the movements 55 before. 参考答案 一、 1. Whatever 【解析】考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“无论我有什么”，所以用whatever“无论什么”来引导该从句。故填whatever。 2. It is vital to make children realize 【解析】考查固定短语和it用法。此处为句型it be adj. to do sth.，it作形式主语，表示“重要的”应用形容词vital；表示“使某人……”应用make sb. do sth.；表示“意识到”应用realize；表示“孩子们”应用名词children。陈述事实用一般现在时。故填It is vital to make children realize。 3. where feed on 【解析】考查定语从句和动词短语。第一空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语，所以使用关系副词，先行词places指的是地方，所以使用关系副词where；结合句意和题干中留置的两个空格可知，此处应为动词短语feed on，意为“以……为食”符合句意，第二空位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填①where②feed③on。 4. to whom devoted 【解析】考查动词时态和定语从句。表示“为……奉献”应用devote to，结合第二空前的助动词has可知，应填过去分词构成现在完成时，将介词to前置，第一空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词millions of Chinese farmers，指人，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填①to whom；②devoted。 5. perseverance which 【解析】考查名词和定语从句。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“坚持不懈的精神”，用名词perseverance作宾语，是不可数名词；第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填①perseverance ②which。 6. Boiling with rage 【解析】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。根据汉语提示并结合英文句子，设空处表示“怒火中烧”，应用boil with rage表示。分析句子结构，逗号前后部分没有连词连接，所以空处应为非谓语动词短语。boil和Jim之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填Boiling with rage。 7. as 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构以及句意可知，空处需要关系代词as，引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。as引导非限定性定语从句时，定语从句的位置可以放到句首，也可以放到句中或句尾，意为“正如，正像”。故填as。 8. on 【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，此处使用介词on，insist on“坚持”为固定短语。故填on。 9. many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river 【解析】考查名词，动词和非限制性定语从句。根据汉语可知，空处需填“很多游客经常将垃圾扔入江中”的英语表达，用“代词＋of which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句表示。“很多游客”表示为“many of the tourists”；“将垃圾扔入江中”表示为“throw garbage into the river”,根据“Previously”可知，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，动词用过去式“threw”；“经常”用副词“frequently”，作状语。故单独的完整句子应为“many of tourists frequently threw garbage into the river”，主句中“tourists”作先行词，指人，故定语从句中用关系代词“whom”，作介词of的宾语。故填many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river。 10. (should) begin with small things 【解析】考查主语从句中的虚拟语气。空处表示“我们应该从小事开始”，it’s vital that为固定句型，that引导的主语从句谓语要用(should)+do结构的虚拟语气结构，表示“从小事开始”用begin with small things。故填(should) begin with small things。 二、 11. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我买了一些书，其中五本是英文小说。该空为非限制性定语从句引导词，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词books，应用which。故填which。 12. Under/In 【解析】考查介词。句意：在这种情况下，似乎最好不要把事故告诉他。由句意和the circumstances可知，此处应填入介词under或in，构成短语under/in the circumstances表示“在这种情况之下”，为固定搭配，空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填Under或In。 13. scientific 【解析】考查形容词。句意：未来，我们将不得不采取更科学的方法。空处应为形容作定语修饰空后名词approach，故填scientific。 14. on/upon 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他坚持自己检查所有的东西。insist on/upon doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。故填on/upon。 15. academic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：学生们将于10月返校，迎接新学年的开始。形容词academic (学业的)作定语，修饰名词year。故填academic。 16. committed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在科研之余，她一直致力于环保事业。此空为形容词作表语，commit的形容词为committed意为“尽心尽力的”符合句意，be committed to意为“致力于”。故填committed。 17. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她有许多小说，其中一些很有趣。some of和空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为novels，作介词of的宾语，表示物，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 18. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在每个交易周期结束后，有剩余碳配额的公司可以将其出售给其他公司。根据空后谓语动词have和can sell可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词companies，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 19. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：到了明朝时期，人们已经可以使用算盘进行加减乘除运算，这些运算被广泛应用于计算重量、数量、空间和体积。根据空前谓语动词could use和空后谓语动词were used，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词addition, subtraction, multiplication and division，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 20. when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：重阳节也是菊花盛开的时节。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词blooms，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词time，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 21. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：第一次太空发射引领了第一次人类太空飞行，这引发了第一次月球行走。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 22. whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个关于自尊和自爱的故事，主人公是中国人，故事发生在欧洲。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词This story。先行词与characters为所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 23. why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它如此可取的另一个原因是，它往往来自免费的资源。根据空后谓语动词can be和is可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。故填why。 24. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本里有达尔文的“生命之树”草图。空处位于that引导的宾语从句中，根据空前谓语动词had been missing和空后谓语动词contains，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks，构成“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 25. whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如今，中国各地越来越多的人开始再次庆祝他们的花节，其中一些人穿着汉服，进行一系列仪式。根据空前谓语动词have begun和空后谓语动词perform，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，构成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词指人，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 26. whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：希望工程由中国青少年发展基金会于1989年发起，致力于送贫困儿童上学。在过去的三十年里，希望工程改变了全国600万贫困家庭学生的生活，苏就是其中之一。此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。又因此处先行词students 指人，故填whom。 27. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“三”字形似书，代表了荣宝斋悠久的历史传统。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主语，指代主句“The character “three” is shaped like a book”，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 28. scientific 【解析】考查形容词。句意：一本可能以故事形式包含事实的历史书将比一本涉及科学主题的历史书更容易阅读。修饰名词subjects用形容词。故填scientific。 29. as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如……”，应使用关系代词as。故填as。 30. who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步，王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员，他们将承担未来的许多维修工作。分析句子成分可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，the new members为先行词，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语，故用关系代词who。故填who。 31. where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水务会议。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chicago，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 32. conclusion 【解析】考查名词。句意：经过激烈的讨论，他们未能得出结论。作宾语，应用名词conclusion，不定冠词提示用单数。故填conclusion。 33. was founded 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自2016年公司成立以来，ChopValue已经从垃圾填埋场中拯救了数十亿双筷子。空处作when引导的从句的谓语，结合“2016”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，found“创立，成立”和主语the company之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was founded。 34. when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：其肩部的火形图案的灵感来源于春秋时期的一件云纹青铜作品，当时出现了多种材料，社会正在发生变化。此空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，所以使用关系副词，先行词为the Spring and Autumn Period，表示时间，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。 35. which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：在联合国教科文组织美食之都的名单上，成都是经典川菜的发源地，如宫保鸡丁和麻婆豆腐，它以麻辣火锅和各种街头小吃而闻名。句子中的“____ is famous for its spicy hotpot as well as its diverse street snacks”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chengdu。关系词在从句中作主语，且表示事物，所以应使用关系代词“which”。故答案是which。 36. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该项目位于西江流域，共有8台发电机组，每台装机容量为20万千瓦。此空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词为project，表示事物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 37. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国结有多种颜色，如金色、绿色、蓝色或黑色，但最常用的颜色是红色，象征着好运和繁荣。此空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词red，从句缺少主语，指物。故填which。 38. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在《飞驰人生》上映五年后，沈腾主演的《飞驰人生2》展现了更高的制作水准，瞄准了中青年男性群体，为其票房成功做出了重要贡献。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代主句阐述的内容，关系词替代先行词在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 39. where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共处。句中先行词为town，关系词替代先行词在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 40. as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。 41. whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对探索艺术与科学之间关系感兴趣的人会喜欢新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。先行词People在从句中作interest的定语成分，此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。故填whose。 42. whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我收集了一些书，它们的封面因岁月而发黄。先行词为 some books,作非限制性定语从句的定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 43. As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如图所示，在过去的几年里，科技已经改变了人们获取新闻的方式。引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”应用as，首字母大写。故填As。 44. whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大约有50名外国学生在那所学校学习汉语，他们中的大多数 都来自欧洲。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，作介词的宾语，指人，应用whom。故填whom。 45. gradual gradually 【解析】考查形容词和副词。句意：随着成品油市场的逐渐成熟，销售利润将逐渐下降。第一个空为形容词graduall作定语修饰名词。第二个空为副词gradually作状语修饰动词。故填gradual；gradually。 三、 46. which/that 47. were 48. their 49. attractive 50. an 51. Actually 52. excitement 53. dancers 54. to mix 55. than 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名舞蹈爱好者，成为了舞蹈学校的志愿者。为了对舞蹈界有所贡献，作者决定开办自己的芭蕾舞学校，希望能激发学生们的好奇心和激情。 46. 考查定语从句。句意：我会在我家附近的一所当地舞蹈学校做志愿者。分析句子可知，空格处为限定性定语从句引导词，先行词是a local dance school，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 47. 考查动词时态。句意：有些人喜欢传统的芭蕾舞，而另一些人则对探索现代动作更感兴趣。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，根据前面的preferred可知，应用一般过去时，主语others是复数形式，be动词使用were。故填were。 48. 考查代词。句意：我发现他们的讨论的内容很有趣。分析句子可知，空格处用来限定名词discussions，表示“他们的”，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 49. 考查形容词。句意：为了对舞蹈界有所贡献，我决定开办自己的芭蕾舞学校，并使之有吸引力。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语补足语，应用形容词attractive“有吸引力的”。故填attractive。 50. 考查冠词。句意：我努力清理旧建筑，把它变成一个漂亮的工作室。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词，表示泛指“一座旧建筑”，且old开头发音是元音音素，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 51. 考查副词。句意：事实上，我的一个主要挑战是为每节课提出创造性的想法。分析句子可知，空格处用来修饰整个句子，应用副词actually，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。 52. 考查不可数名词。句意：我希望每节课都能激发好奇心和激情。分析句子可知，空格处为动词ignite的宾语，应用名词excitement“激动，兴奋”，不可数。故填excitement。 53. 考查名词复数。句意：当我的第一批新生舞者加入学校时，我很兴奋。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语，dancer“舞者”可数名词，根据前面的group可知，应用复数形式，故填dancers。 54. 考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，他们很容易把舞步混在一起，但是经过练习，他们的动作比以前变得更加流畅。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，空格处为真正主语，应用动词不定式。故填to mix。 55. 考查介词。句意同上题。根据前面的more fluent可知，空格处缺少介词than，表示比较.故填than。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$