2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习特殊句式知识清单

2024年山东省夏季高考 高中英语特殊句式 一轮复习知识清单 1.强调句 (1) 基本结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 eg. 原句：I saw him on the street last night. -> 强调主语：It was I who/ that saw him on the street last night. -> 强调宾语：It was him who/that I saw on the street last night. -> 强调地点状语：It was on the street that I saw him last night. -> 强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw him on the street. 注意：该句型只能强调主语、宾语、表语和状语。 （2）一般疑问句的结构 Is/ Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 eg. It was in 1939 that the Second World War broke out. Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? (3) 特殊疑问句的结构 特殊疑问词+ is / was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序） eg. It was at the theatre that Lincoln was murdered. Where was it that Lincoln was murdered？ (4) 强调句型的判断 把“It, be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。 eg. It was in the house that he was born. (强调句，去掉后剩余in the house he was born. 完整) It was the house where he was born. (定语从句，去掉后剩余the house he was born. 表述不完整) (5) not…until…的强调句型 强调“not…until”引导的时间状语时，要用“it is/was not until…that…”结构,，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。 eg. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 正常语序：I did not realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 2. 倒装句 （1）部分倒装 部分倒装指的是句子以一般疑问句的语序排列。 ① 当否定词或否定短语置于句首时，后面的句子需要用部分倒装。如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardly…when, in no case, by no means, no sooner…than等 eg. Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known. Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship. Not a single mistake did he make. ② only+状语 置于句首时，主句部分需要用部分倒装 eg. Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other. ③ “so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。 eg. So frightened was she in the darkness that she didn’t dare to move at all. Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him. ④ 在no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only…but also句型中, 前面的句子要部分倒装。 eg. No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. ⑤ so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。 eg. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won’t go, neither will I. （2）完全倒装 ①为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前。 eg. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island. ② 方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then置于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主语是名词。为以示强调或为了使情景更生动, 要全部倒装。 eg. Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. ③ here/ there句式，采用完全倒装形式 eg. There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. There lay a winding brook in front of an old house. ④ such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。（全部倒装） eg. Such was not his intention. Such are the facts. （3）形式倒装 当as, though 引导让步状语从句时，从句需采用形式倒装，即从句中的表语、状语、动词原形置于句首，若表语时单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 eg. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box. 2024年山东省夏季高考 高中英语特殊句式 一轮复习知识清单 第 2 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$