2024年山东省夏季高考英语主从复合句之名词性从句复习 讲义-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

2024-06-29
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2024年山东省夏季高考 高中英语主从复合句之名词性从句 专题复习 1. 基本概念 名词性从句指在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在符合剧中能够担任主语、宾语、表语或同位语,根据它在句子中不同的语法功能,被分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。 2. 名词性从句的引导词 连接词 语义 在从句中的作用 连接词 that 无 不充当成分 whether/if 是否 不充当成分 as if/ as though(只连接表从) 似乎 不充当成分 连接 代词 what(ever) 什么;…的事/东西;多么 充当主、宾、表、定 who(ever)/whomever 谁 充当主、宾、表 which(ever) 哪一个 充当主、宾、表、定 whose 谁的 充当定语 连接 副词 when(ever) 什么时候 充当状语 where(ever) 什么地方 充当状语 why 为什么 充当状语 how(ever) 怎么; 多么 充当状语 because(只连接表从) 因为 充当状语 3. 主语从句 概念:作句子主语的从句称为主语从句,通常位于谓语动词之前。 e.g. What he wants to tell us is not clear.   Who will win the match is still unknown. 有时为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语放后面。it作形式主语的常用句型 (1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honour that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 It is a pity that 遗憾…… (2)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句: It is said that 据说   It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已经证明 It is believed that … 人们认为 It is supposed that… 据猜测 (3)It + 不及物动词(vi) + that 从句: It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 It occurred to sb. that 某人突然想到 (4)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… 注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 4. 表语从句 概念:位于系动词之后的句子叫作表语从句。(系动词参考知识点一、3) 表语从句特殊引导词有as if/ though, because 常用句型:It looks as if…../ It seems as if….. why, because都可以引导表语从句,但why强调结果,because强调原因 注意:当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不能用because。 e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train. 5. 宾语从句 1)概念:在句子中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。通常位于及物动词或介词之后。另外部分表情绪的形容词后也可接宾语从句。 e.g. I’m glad that you’ve passed the exam. 注意:由that引导的宾语从句,第一个引导词that可以省略。 2)宾语从句中的时态呼应。 当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:   I know (that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)   I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)   I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)   I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)   当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:   The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 6. 同位语从句 概念:同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容,位于名词之后,通常由that或whether引导。 常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有belief、advice、demand、doubt(怀疑)、possibility、thought、proposal、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:   The news that we won the game is exciting.    I have no idea when he will come back home.   The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别: (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时也在从句中作主语或宾语,而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. (他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。) (第一个that引导定语从句,指代the news,在从句中充当told的宾语。) 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。) (that引导同位语从句,在从句中不充当成分也没有语义。) 7. 考点归纳 1)what/that的区分 名词性从句中,what属于连接代词,在从句中充当主、宾或表语,译为“什么”或“…的事/东西”。that属于连接词,既不充当任何句子成分也没有语义,只起连接从句的作用。 e.g. What he wants is a book. (what引导主语从句,意为“…的东西”) That he wants go there is obvious. (that引导主语从句,无语义) 2)which/what的区分 what通常意为“什么”,表泛指;which意为“哪一个”,一般有选择范围。 e.g. I can’t imagine what made him act like that. (我无法想象什么让他变成那样。) Would you mind telling me which language your friend speaks, English or French? (which有选择范围) 3)who/whoever的区分 who的意思是“谁”,含有疑问意义,带有唯一性。whoever是“任何…人”“无论谁”,不含有疑问意味,带有任意性。 e.g. It was a matter of who would take the position. (问题是谁将接替这个位置。) Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (无论谁救了这个溺水的女孩都值得被称赞。) 4)只用whether,不用if情况 置于句首的主语从句中 Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 表语从句、同位语从句中 The question is whether he should do it. 介词后的宾语从句中 We’re worried about whether he is safe. 与or not连用 I don’t know whether or not he is well. 后面直接跟to do I haven’t decided whether to go there 8. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1)主语从句 It is suggested/ advised/ proposed/ recommended/ ordered…that + (should) + do It is necessary /essential /important / natural / advisable / strange / surprising… that + (should) + do It is a pity /a shame / no wonder… that + (should) +do 2) 宾语从句 在以下动词后接的宾语从句中,谓语动词应用(should) + do. 记住以下口诀: 1坚持:insist (坚持要求) 2命令:command, order 4建议:suggest, advise, propose, recommend 4要求:require, desire, request, demand e.g. He demanded that we (should) arrive on time. We required that the work (should) be done right now. 3) 表语从句和同位语从句 作 order /suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation /requirement/request / demand /plan / idea 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语要用“(should)+动词原形”。 e.g. My advice is that the meeting (should) be put off. We all agree to his suggestion that we (should) start early. 2024年山东省夏季高考高中英语主从复合句之名词性从句 一轮复习考点清单 第 2 页 共 2 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2024年山东省夏季高考英语主从复合句之名词性从句复习 讲义-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项
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2024年山东省夏季高考英语主从复合句之名词性从句复习 讲义-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项
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