内容正文:
2024年山东省夏季高考 高中英语句子的成分 考点总结
1. 主语。主语是一个句子的中心,表示一个句子说明的人或事。一般位于句首,谓语动词之前。由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、主语从句或数词等表示。it作形式主语时,真正的主语是后面的不定式或句子。
e.g. Smoking does harm to the health. ( 动名词作主语)
American country music has become more and more popular. (名词短语作主语)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (句子作主语)
It is difficult to study English. (to do不定式是真正的主语)
2. 谓语。谓语动词要体现时态,说明主语的动作与状态。谓语可以是一个动词或动词短语(简单谓语),也可以是由助动词或情态动词加动词构成(复合谓语)。
e.g. The plane took off at ten o’clock. (体现一般过去时,简单谓语)
They are working in a field. (体现现在进行时,复合谓语)
He has caught a bad cold. (体现现在完成时,复合谓语)
3. 表语。表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态等。位于系动词之后,一般由名词、代词、
形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等表示。
系动词有变化类(go, become, turn, fall, get等)、状态类(be, appear, seem)、感官类(sound, look, smell, taste, feel)和保持类(keep, remain, stay)。
e.g. Our teacher of English is an American. (名词作表语)
The weather has turned cold. (形容词作表语)
His job is to teach English. (不定式作表语)
The truth is that he has never been abroad. (从句作表语)
4. 宾语。宾语表示动作的对象,即动作的承受者。位于及物动词之后(称为动宾)或介词的后面(称为介宾)。一般由名词、动名词、不定式、从句等表示。
e.g. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. (介宾,动名词作宾语)
He pretended not to see me. (动宾,不定式作宾语)
I think (that) he is fit for his office. (动宾,句子作宾语)
5. 补语。补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态。一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语或从句充当。
e.g. His father named him Xiaoming. (名词作宾语补足语,对him补充说明)
They painted their boat white. (形容词作宾语补足语,对their boat补充说明)
We found everything in good condition. (介词短语作宾补,对everything补充说明)
We saw her entering the room. (动名词作宾补,对her补充说明)
6. 定语。定语修饰名词或代词。位于名词的前面(称作前置定语)或名词的后面(称作后置定语)。一般可由形容词、名词、分词、动名词、不定式、介词短语或从句充当。
e.g. Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词作前置定语,修饰city)
China is a developing country. (现在分词作前置定语,修饰country)
There are thirty women teachers in our school. (名词作前置定语,修饰teachers)
Our monitor is always the first student to enter the class. (不定式作后置定语,修饰student)
7. 状语。状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句,说明动作或状态特征。通常由副词、介词短语和从句充当。位置较灵活,通常位于句首(以逗号隔开)、句末或两个动词之间。分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、目的状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语和比较状语。
e.g. Last night she didn’t go the dance party because of the rain. (介词短语充当原因状语)
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. (介词短语充当地点状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. (介词短语充当目的状语)
She works very hard though she is old. (从句充当让步状语)
8. 同位语。同位语是一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词在进行修饰,限定或说明,与前面的名词或代词在语法上属于同等地位。通常由名词或从句表示。
e.g. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. (名词充当Mr. Chen的同位语)
He asked me a question whether the work was worth doing. (从句充当question的同位语)
2024年山东省夏季高考英语句子成分 考点总结 第 2 页 共 2 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$