Unit 1 Science and Scientists 【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．two contradictory theories　两种相互矛盾的理论 2．germs in food and water 食物和水中的细菌 3．multiple deaths 多例死亡 4．water pump 水泵 5．some households 一些住户 6．raw waste 未处理的废弃物 7．a substantial decrease 大幅降低 8．maps and statistics 地图和数据 9．modern epidemiology 现代流行病学 10．under a microscope 在显微镜下 11．change the thinking 改变思维 12．a key protein 一种重要的蛋白质 13．body's cells 身体的细胞 14．cold-causing virus 流感病毒 15．an important finding 一项重大发现 16．a vaccine for malaria 一种预防疟疾的疫苗 17．theoretical framework 理论框架 18．do some solid work 做一些稳定的工作 19．the beautiful rainbow 漂亮的彩虹 20．a concrete floor 混凝土地面 21．blood plasma 血浆 22．China's aerospace 中国的航空航天工业 23．a patriotic poet 一位爱国诗人 24．mechanical engineering 机械工程 25．space and missile programme 航天和导弹项目 25．trace back to 追溯到 27．abstract thought 抽象思维 28．the steady state concept 稳恒态概念 29．be proven by astronomers with telescopes 被天文学家用望远镜证实 30．a brilliant idea 一个绝妙的主意 31．a shift in personal interest 个人兴趣的改变 词汇 拓展 1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 2．frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的→frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 3．infect vt. 使感染；传染→infection n. 感染；传染→infected adj. 受感染的；传染的 4．prove vt. 证明　v. 证明是→proof n. 证据；证明；检验 5．intervene vi. 干扰；介入→intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 6．pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 仅仅；完全→purify vt. 净化；使纯净→purity n. 纯净，纯洁 7．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态　vi. 改变；转变→transformation n. 转化；转换；变换；改革；改观 8．think v. 认为；思考→thinking n. 思想；思维；见解→thought n．想法；看法；主意 9．find v. 发现→finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 10．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初地 11．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 12．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n. 防御；保卫；保护 13．assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助→assistance n. 帮助；协助→assistant n. 助理；助手 14．gift n. 天赋；天分→gifted adj. 有天赋的；有才华的；天资聪慧的 15．steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地 16．astronomy n. 天文学→astronomer n. 天文学家 17．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地 重点 词组 1．once and for all　　 最终地；彻底地 2．in general 总的来说；通常 3．subscribe to 同意；赞同；订阅 4．thanks to 幸亏；由于 5．deal with 处理；应付；涉及；与……做生意 6．depend on/upon 依靠；信赖；取决于 7．carry out 履行；执行；完成 8．calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 9．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情) 突然开始；爆发 10．in charge of 主管；掌管 11．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 12．above all 最重要的是；尤其是 重点 句型 1．so that引导目的状语从句 教材原句 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 教材原句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To begin with, it couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice. 首先，如果英语水平参差不齐的学生能够被有意地而不是随机地分组在一起，这样我们就可以在练习中互相帮助，那就再好不过了。 ②(必背佳句)People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。 2．be likely to do 教材原句 The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 教材原句 ①You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ＝It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果你继续吸烟，你的健康可能会受到损害。 ②(必背佳句)They are also less likely to be troubled by internal problems. 他们也很少为自身问题所困扰。 3．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句 However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 教材外佳句 ①I enjoy listening to music in my spare time, which makes me feel relaxed. 业余时间我喜欢听音乐，这使我感到放松。 ②(必背1佳句)In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.从广义上说，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。 4．what引导的宾语从句 教材原句 He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 教材原句 ①(2023·浙江1月高考)Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. 然而，随着几个月来减少浪费的持续，我做了力所能及的事情。 ②(译林版必修1佳句)I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 我迫不及待地想要向你们描述高中生活的模样。 因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 4．Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 5．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 02 考点速记 核心词汇1　blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 注意：名师指津： be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 牛刀小试 ①We have reasons to believe she blamed him for her problems. ②We were ready to take the blame for what had happened. ③He seemed to be the only person to_blame (blame) and was removed from his position 答案：1.for 2.for 3.to blame 写作升华 ④Don't always blame_your_own_failure_on others. You should take/get_the_blame_for failure.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败承担责任。 ⑤)因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，简的情绪很低落。 →(普通表达)Jane was in low spirits because she was_blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network. →(润色表达)Blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network, Jane was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语) 答案：4. blame your own failure on；take/get the blame for 5.was blamed for 核心词汇2　link n．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联 归纳点拨 link between A and B　　　 A与B之间的联系 link A with B 把A和B结合起来 link up (with ...) (与……)连接；结合；使连接；使结合 be linked to/with 与……有联系 牛刀小试 ①The newly­built subway will link the airport to/with the city centre. ②When linked (link) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to. ③In my opinion, there is a close link between teachers and students. 在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。 答案：1. to/with 2.linked 3.a close link between teachers and students 写作升华 ④With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking_all_of_its_major_big_cities,_China has the world's largest network of high-speed railways. 中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网，共37 900公里的线路，连接所有主要大城市。 ⑤Undoubtedly, traditional Chinese culture provides a vital link_between_the_present_and_the_past. 毫无疑问，中国传统文化在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。 ⑥The extinction of this kind of animals is_closely_linked_to environmental pollution. 这种动物的灭绝与环境污染密切相关。 答案：4.linking all of its major big cities;5.link between the present and the past;6. is closely linked to 核心词汇3 thanks to 幸亏；由于 注意：表示“由于；因为”的其他常用短语： because of因为；由于(常作状语) due to因为；由于(作状语或表语) owing to由于；因为(作状语或表语) as a result of作为……的结果；由于(作状语) on account of由于；因为(作状语或表语) 牛刀小试 ①He walked slowly because ________ his bad leg. ②Thanks ________ a new directive, food labelling will be more specific. ③The visibility was poor on account of heavy fog, so the captain landed on the watchtower,keeping an eye on all the activities. 答案: 1.of 2.to 3.of 写作运用 ④Thanks to your guidance, I won the first place in the competition. 多亏您的指导，我在比赛中获得了第一名。 答案：4.to 核心词汇4 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 同义短语：prevent/stop ...(from), keep ...from, protect ...from等，上述短语若用于被动语态，from都不可省略。 牛刀小试 ①They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections. ②Everyone should learn how to defend himself (he) by the lawful means. ③Many heroic men and women have died in defence (defend) of liberty. 答案：1.against/from 2. himself 3.defence 写作升华 ④Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed to_defend/in_defence_of his son like an arrow. 看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 答案：4. to defend/in defence of 核心词汇5 severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 搭配 be severe on 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 severe weather 恶劣的天气　 severe looks 严肃的表情　severe disease 严重的疾病　 severely adv. 严重地；严格地，严厉地 牛刀小试 ① I do not like to be severe___________anyone，but our own situation is serious. ②You should first of all be severe ___________ yourself and set an example to your kids. ③ A fire had___________（severe） damaged the warehouse. 答案: 1. on 2.with 3.severely 写作升华 ④ It’s a rule that cruelty to animals is ___________（severe）punished in England. 核心词汇 6 subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 搭配 subscribe to 订阅（报纸、杂志等）；签字认可，同意； 向……捐赠 subscribe for 预订；认购 subscription n. 捐助；订阅；签署；同意 subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者 牛刀小试—写出句中 subscribe to 的含义 ① He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent. 赞同 ② Subscribe to the magazine for twelve months and you will receive a free limited­edition T­shirt. 订阅 ③ Many people subscribed money to the education fund. 向……捐赠…… 写作升华 ④ All of us agree to the view that a good parent­children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. →All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent­children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. 答案：1.赞同 2. 订阅 3. 向.......捐赠...... 4. subscribed to 核心词汇7　in charge of主管；掌管 归纳点拨 in the charge of 由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of 负责/掌管(表示动作)；接管 free of charge 免费 注意：　in charge of主语一般是人，带主动意义；in the charge of主语一般是物，带被动意义；表示“由……管理”。类似用法的短语还有：in control of “控制”，in the control of “由……控制”；in possession of “拥有”， in the possession of “被……拥有”。 词汇串记 ①Once the park was in__the__charge__of a company. Now the local government is in__charge. The official who takes__charge__of it announced that people can visit it free__of__charge．这个公园曾经由一家公司管理。现在由当地政府负责。负责公园的官员宣布人们可以免费参观公园。 写作运用 ③我感到很荣幸负责下周举行的这项主题为“弘扬中国传统文化”的活动。 →I feel honored to be in_charge_of this activity to be held next week, themed Carrying Forward Traditional Chinese Culture. →It is an honor that this activity to be held next week will be in_the_charge_of me, themed Carrying Forward Traditional Chinese Culture. ③To enrich students' life, our school held a campus culture festival last week. The activity was in_the_charge_of the Students' Union. Some gifted_and_outstanding students put on vivid_performances. We are convinced_that students can learn a lot from this activity. 为了丰富学生的生活，我们学校上周举办了校园文化节。这项活动由学生会负责。一些有才能的优秀学生进行了生动的表演。我们相信学生们可以从这次活动中学到很多东西。 答案：1. in the charge of； in charge；takes charge of；free of charge 2.in charge of； in the charge of 3.in the charge of； gifted and outstanding；vivid performances；are convinced that 核心词汇8 attend vt.出席；参加；上(学)；照顾；护理 vi.照料；处理 attend to sb/sth照料……；处理……；招待…… [归纳点拨] attend，join，join in，take part in attend表示出席，参加(会议、讲座、婚礼等正式场合)，也指去听报告。 join表示参加某一团体，并作为其中一个成员，如入党、入团、参军和参加俱乐部等；如果后接人，则表示参加某人的活动。 join in后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。 take part in后接活动，尤指多人参加的群体性大型活动。 写作运用 ①I must apologize to you for not being able to accompany you tonight because I have an urgent thing （attend）因为我有紧急事情要处理，今天晚上我不能陪伴你，我必须向你道歉。 ②Thanks to his timely and generous help，I could attend （to） my mother so well. 多亏他及时的慷慨相助，我才能很好地照顾我的妈妈。 答案：1. to attend 2. attend（to） 核心词汇9 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 归纳点拨 on the decrease 正在减少 on the increase正在增加 decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to...从……减少到…… 牛刀小试 ①Furthermore，the number of the students in our school reading classics has decreased by 30%.That is，the number has decreased __from____1,000 to 700. 写作运用 ②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is on the decrease/is decreasing ，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions is on the increase/is increasing. 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 答案：1.by; from ;to 2. is on the decrease/is decreasing ; is on the increase/is increasing 核心词汇10 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 归纳点拨 break up　　　　　 解散；破碎；结束 break through 突破；冲破 break away (from) (从……)脱离；逃脱 break in 强行进入；插话 break down 出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉 break into 强行进入(某处)；突然开始 注意：break out, take place, happen, occur 都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。 牛刀小试 ①They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out in 1939. ②I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall. 答案：1.out 2.away 写作运用 ③As the chairman came in, the crowd broke_into_loud_applause. 当主席进来时，人群爆发出热烈的掌声。 ④She couldn't control her emotions any longer and finally_broke_down,_sobbing uncontrollably in the middle of the crowded room. 她再也控制不住自己的情绪，终于崩溃了，在拥挤的房间中央无法控制地抽泣起来。 答案：3.broke into loud applause 4.finally broke down 核心词汇11.cast (cast, cast) vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷；选派(角色) n.全体演员；投；掷 cast a shadow/cloud over/on...给……蒙上一层阴影 cast a look/glance at...向……看一眼 cast down使沮丧；使失望 语境辩义——写出下列cast的含义 ① The moon cast bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.vt.投射(光、影子等) ② He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. vt.选派角色，分配角色 ③ The whole cast of My People, My Country performs/perform brilliantly.n.全体演员 答案：1.vt.投射(光、影子等)2.vt.选派角色，分配角色3..n.全体演员 写作运用 ➃ When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow/cloud over your life, this is a serious problem. 当焦虑打败你，或者给你的生活蒙上阴影时，这是一个严重的问题。 答案：casts a shadow/cloud over your life 核心词汇 12.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)vi.(水)流出来；(烟)被吐出；涌现；下大雨 pour in/into 涌进 pour out倒出，涌出 pour down (雨)倾盆而下 pour one’s heart/soul out 倾吐某人的心事 写作运用 ①.Rain (pour) down from the sky，making it more difficult for us to find our way home.So frustrated were we that tears (pour) down our cheeks. 答案：poured；poured ②The Great Wall is such a well­known tourist attraction that millions of people (pour) in every year. 长城是个如此著名的旅游景点，每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。 答案：2. pour 核心考点13　so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句 归纳点拨 so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that... such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数可数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... 注意： 当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)so that 可引导目的状语从句，作“以便；为的是”讲，从句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。 (2)in order that也可引导目的状语从句，可用于句首，而so that一般不用于句首。 (3)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或in order to/so as to句型。 写作运用 ①The Spoken English Club holds so many activities regularly that it appeals to/attracts more and more students.Many club members have made such great progress that they can speak English more fluently than before.英语口语俱乐部定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许多俱乐部成员取得了很大的进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。 ②People should reduce their carbon footprint so_that/in_order_that_they_can_protect_the_environment_better. 人们应该减少他们的碳足迹，以便更好地保护环境。 答案：1.so many activities regularly that it appeals to/attracts；have made such great progress that 2.so that/in order that they can protect the environment better 核心考点14状语从句的省略 状语从句省略的条件：①when，while，though，even if，unless，if，as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it；②状 语从句谓语中含有be动词。 省略句的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①While waiting (wait) for the bus, I met an old friend. ②When playing (play) with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy. ③If (you_are)_interested_in_it,_you can send an email to 123456@ sina.com. 如果对它感兴趣，你可以发送电子邮件到123456@sina.com. ④When_(it_is)_necessary,_you can look up the word in a dictionary. 必要的时候你可以在词典里查这个单词。 答案：1.waiting 2.playing 3.If (you are) interested in it 4.When (it is) necessary 03 素养提升 语法释析 思维导图 [语法感知] ①(教材原句)One theory was that bad air caused the disease. ②(教材原句)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. ③(教材原句)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. ④Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian. ⑤His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently. ⑥That’s why we’ve given you the letter [会发现] (1)句①②③为that引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，且句意完整。 (2)句④为what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。  (3)句⑤为whether引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，whether在句中意为是否。 (4)句⑥为why引导的表语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“……的原因”。 [归纳点拨] 在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语从句可由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词来引导。 一、表语从句连接词的用法　 1．连接词that/whether that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。 The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 [注意]　if不能引导表语从句。 2．连接代词 引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能让谁去替代她。 Tom is no longer what he used to be. 汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。 3．连接副词 引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。 That was where we camped last time. 那就是我们上次野营的地方。 This is why Sara was late for class. 这就是萨拉上课迟到的原因。 4．其他连接词 另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。 He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late. 他没吃早饭，那是因为他起晚了。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 二、注意事项　 1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why ... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because ... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话，那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气。 2．reason作主语时的表语从句 主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 如此严重的一起事故的原因是司机太粗心、喝酒太多。 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不可换成would。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 4．其他系动词＋表语从句 除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词还有：seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States. 听起来好像你来自美国南部。 [牛刀小试]　(完成句子) ① (2023·全国乙卷书面表达) I have learned the skill of playing the piano. It is simply because it can keep my mind relaxed.  我学会了弹钢琴这项技能。仅仅因为它能使我的心情放松。 ②The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 ③Now it looks as though/if she had known Millie for years. 现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。 ④My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。 ⑤That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 ⑥The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 ⑦ (2022·全国乙卷书面表达) My suggestion is that students should try various ways when learning English. 我的建议是学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法。 ⑧ (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is why they need an English trainer.  他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是为什么他们需要英语培训师。  根据汉语提示用表语从句完成短文 Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Peking and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894. What he did at the age of eight was ①that he started training in Peking Opera every day (他开始每天接受京剧训练). When he was 17, he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high. Every day Mei watched them as they flew, and ②that was how he developed the eye movements (那就是他如何发展出眼部动作) that were so crucial to his art. Hard work and dedication were ③what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera (使他成为京剧界的领军人物)． Mei was also an innovator. In addition to new stage designs and singing styles, his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters. This was ④what contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera (极大地促进了京剧的发展)． Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. This lifelong devotion is ⑤what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time (使他成为有史以来最著名的京剧艺术家之一). 写作部分——Write about what makes a great scientist 本单元的写作任务是介绍科学家的优秀品质，涉及著名科学家的品格和素养以及他们献身科学的精神，属于人物介绍类写作。写作时要围绕人物组织材料，做到主题鲜明，详略得当，并注意结构的完整性。 (一)模板提炼 (二)写作要点指津 人物介绍类写作应注意以下几点： 1．选取典型事例、重要成就来表现人物的优秀品质。介绍人物时，应有相应的事例作为支撑。正所谓“人因事显”，离开具体的事例，人物的性格、品质和精神面貌都无从表现出来。因此，选材一定要认真仔细，安排材料时还应分清主次，详略得当。 2．借助合理的写作手法突出人物的优秀品质。可以运用侧面描写、对比、衬托等手法来突出人物的形象。 3．写作时可根据需要采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙等不同的叙述方式，以突出重点信息。 4．写作过程中要注意人称的变化和时态的运用。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹等常用一般过去时。 5．恰当使用总结性语言，对人物的优秀品质进行点睛式的概括，从而进一步升华主题。 (一)背写作词汇 1．be born in a ... family　 出生在一个……的家庭 2．in one's teens/twenties/thirties 在某人十几/二十几/三十几岁的时候 3．ordinary/plain-looking/handsome-looking长相普通/英俊 4．graduate from ... 毕业于…… 5．get/obtain a ... degree in ... 获得……方面的学位 6．show (a) strong interest in ... /take (a) great interest in ... 对……有浓厚的兴趣 7．have a gift/talent for ... 有……天赋 8．make every/great effort to do sth./try one's best to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 9．be respected by ... 受……尊重 10．devote oneself to 献身于 11．set an example to ... 为……树立榜样 12．be honored as ... 被誉为…… 13．serve ... heart and soul 　 全心全意为……服务 14．think/speak highly of 高度评价 15．make great contributions to ... 为……作出伟大的贡献 (二)背写作佳句 1．There are many outstanding scientists in the world. Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most. 世界上有许多杰出的科学家。其中，我最敬佩袁隆平。 2．He devoted all his life to helping people at home and abroad get enough food to eat. 他一生致力于帮助国内外的人们获得足够的食物。 3．It is Yuan Longping's hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. He is my role model and has been inspiring me to study hard. 是袁隆平的拼搏精神和毅力让他成功。他是我的榜样，一直激励我努力学习。 4．Tu Youyou, a great scientist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. 我国伟大科学家屠呦呦因发现青蒿素获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 5．Great scientist as he is, he is very easy-going and friendly. Besides, he remains modest and serious about science in spite of his great success, which is worth learning. 尽管他是一位伟大的科学家，但很随和友好。此外，尽管他取得了巨大的成功，但他对科学仍然很谦虚和认真，这值得学习。 6．Qian Xuesen devoted himself to the country and helped make China stronger. He is an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward. 钱学森献身于国家，帮助中国变得更加强大。他是我的榜样，他的精神将激励我继续前进。 [写作练习] 假定你是李华，你校英语报正在征稿要求介绍一位改变世界的物理学家。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文介绍霍金并投稿，词数80左右。 1．他于1942年1月8日出生在英国，从小就对科学感兴趣； 2．他毕业于牛津大学(University of Oxford)，在剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)获得博士学位并留校做教学研究工作； 3．他有很多著作，其中包括《时间简史》(A Brief History of Time)、《果壳中的宇宙》(The Universe in a Nutshell)以及《大设计》(The Grand Design)； 4．他是一位优秀的物理学家，他的勇气、才华和幽默激励了全世界的人。 根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文 Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest physicists with international fame. He ①was born on 8 January, 1942 in the UK (1942年1月8日出生于英国). Stephen Hawking ②showed great interest in science (对科学表现出极大的兴趣)as a child. He graduated from the University of Oxford, and got his doctor's degree in the University of Cambridge, ③where he worked as a professor and did some research(在那里他担任教授并做一些研究), making great achievements. He ④published many works (出版了许多著作), among which A Brief History of Time, The Universe in a Nutshell and The Grand Design are very famous. Stephen Hawking is an outstanding physicist, ⑤whose courage, talent and humour inspire people all over the world (他的勇气、才华和幽默激励了全世界的人)． 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 01 思维导图 阅读词块 1．two contradictory theories 　 2．germs in food and water 3．multiple deaths 4．water pump 5．some households 6．raw waste 7．a substantial decrease 8．maps and statistics 9．modern epidemiology 10．under a microscope 11．change the thinking 12．a key protein 13．body's cells 14．cold-causing virus 15．an important finding 16．a vaccine for malaria 17．theoretical framework 18．do some solid work 19．the beautiful rainbow 20．a concrete floor 21．blood plasma 22．China's aerospace 23．a patriotic poet 24．mechanical engineering 25．space and missile programme 26．trace back to 27．abstract thought 28．the steady state concept 29．be proven by astronomers with telescopes 30．a brilliant idea 31．a shift in personal interest 词汇 拓展 1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→ adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地 2．frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→ adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→ adj. 令人懊恼的→ n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 3．infect vt. 使感染；传染→ n. 感染；传染→ adj. 受感染的；传染的 4．prove vt. 证明　v. 证明是→ n. 证据；证明；检验 5．intervene vi. 干扰；介入→ n. 介入；出面；干涉 6．pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ adv. 仅仅；完全→ vt. 净化；使纯净→ n. 纯净，纯洁 7．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态　vi. 改变；转变→ n. 转化；转换；变换；改革；改观 8．think v. 认为；思考→ n. 思想；思维；见解→ n．想法；看法；主意 9．find v. 发现→ n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 10．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→ adv. 最初地 11．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→ adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 12．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→ n. 防御；保卫；保护 13．assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助→ n. 帮助；协助→ n. 助理；助手 14．gift n. 天赋；天分→ adj. 有天赋的；有才华的；天资聪慧的 15．steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→ adv. 平稳地；持续地 16．astronomy n. 天文学→ n. 天文学家 17．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→ adv. 生动地 重点 词组 1． 最终地；彻底地 2． 总的来说；通常 3． 同意；赞同；订阅 4． 幸亏；由于 5． 处理；应付；涉及；与……做生意 6． 依靠；信赖；取决于 7． 履行；执行；完成 8． 平静下来；镇定下来 9． (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情) 突然开始；爆发 10． 主管；掌管 11． 患(病)；染上(小病) 12． 最重要的是；尤其是 重点 句型 1．so that引导目的状语从句 教材原句 Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 教材原句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To begin with, it couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice. 首先，如果英语水平参差不齐的学生能够被有意地而不是随机地分组在一起，这样我们就可以在练习中互相帮助，那就再好不过了。 ②(必背佳句)People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。 2．be likely to do 教材原句 The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 教材原句 ①You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ＝It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果你继续吸烟，你的健康可能会受到损害。 ②(必背佳句)They are also less likely to be troubled by internal problems. 他们也很少为自身问题所困扰。 3．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句 However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 教材外佳句 ①I enjoy listening to music in my spare time, which makes me feel relaxed. 业余时间我喜欢听音乐，这使我感到放松。 ②(必背1佳句)In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.从广义上说，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我们心情的食物。 4．what引导的宾语从句 教材原句 He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 教材原句 ①(2023·浙江1月高考)Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. 然而，随着几个月来减少浪费的持续，我做了力所能及的事情。 ②(译林版必修1佳句)I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 我迫不及待地想要向你们描述高中生活的模样。 因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 4．Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 5．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 02 考点速记 核心词汇1　blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 注意：名师指津： be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 牛刀小试 ①We have reasons to believe she blamed him her problems. ②We were ready to take the blame what had happened. ③He seemed to be the only person (blame) and was removed from his position 写作升华 ④Don't always others. You should failure.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败承担责任。 ⑤)因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，简的情绪很低落。 →(普通表达)Jane was in low spirits because she the breakdown of the school computer network. →(润色表达) the breakdown of the school computer network, Jane was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语) 核心词汇2　link n．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联 归纳点拨 link between A and B　　　 link A with B link up (with ...) be linked to/with 牛刀小试 ①The newly­built subway will link the airport the city centre. ②When (link) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to. ③In my opinion, there is . 在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。 写作升华 ④With 37,900 kilometers of lines, ,_China has the world's largest network of high-speed railways. 中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网，共37 900公里的线路，连接所有主要大城市。 ⑤Undoubtedly, traditional Chinese culture provides a vital . 毫无疑问，中国传统文化在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。 ⑥The extinction of this kind of animals environmental pollution. 这种动物的灭绝与环境污染密切相关。 核心词汇3 thanks to 幸亏；由于 注意：表示“由于；因为”的其他常用短语： because of因为；由于(常作状语) due to因为；由于(作状语或表语) owing to由于；因为(作状语或表语) as a result of作为……的结果；由于(作状语) on account of由于；因为(作状语或表语) 牛刀小试 ①He walked slowly because ________ his bad leg. ②Thanks ________ a new directive, food labelling will be more specific. ③The visibility was poor on account of heavy fog, so the captain landed on the watchtower,keeping an eye on all the activities. 写作运用 ④Thanks your guidance, I won the first place in the competition. 多亏您的指导，我在比赛中获得了第一名。 核心词汇4 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 同义短语：prevent/stop ...(from), keep ...from, protect ...from等，上述短语若用于被动语态，from都不可省略。 牛刀小试 ①They help the body defend itself some kinds of infections. ②Everyone should learn how to defend (he) by the lawful means. ③Many heroic men and women have died in (defend) of liberty. 写作升华 ④Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed his son like an arrow. 看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 核心词汇5 severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 搭配 be severe on 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 severe weather 恶劣的天气　 severe looks 严肃的表情　severe disease 严重的疾病　 severely adv. 严重地；严格地，严厉地 牛刀小试 ① I do not like to be severe___________anyone，but our own situation is serious. ②You should first of all be severe ___________ yourself and set an example to your kids. ③ A fire had___________（severe） damaged the warehouse. 写作升华 ④ It’s a rule that cruelty to animals is ___________（severe）punished in England. 核心词汇 6 subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 搭配 subscribe to 订阅（报纸、杂志等）；签字认可，同意； 向……捐赠 subscribe for 预订；认购 n. 捐助；订阅；签署；同意 n. 订阅人；定期捐款者 牛刀小试—写出句中 subscribe to 的含义 ① He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent. ② Subscribe to the magazine for twelve months and you will receive a free limited­edition T­shirt. ③ Many people subscribed money to the education fund. 写作升华 ④ All of us agree to the view that a good parent­children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. →All of us the view that a good parent­children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. 核心词汇7　in charge of主管；掌管 归纳点拨 in the charge of 由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of 负责/掌管(表示动作)；接管 free of charge 免费 注意：　in charge of主语一般是人，带主动意义；in the charge of主语一般是物，带被动意义；表示“由……管理”。类似用法的短语还有：in control of “控制”，in the control of “由……控制”；in possession of “拥有”， in the possession of “被……拥有”。 词汇串记 ①Once the park was a company. Now the local government is . The official who it announced that people can visit it ．这个公园曾经由一家公司管理。现在由当地政府负责。负责公园的官员宣布人们可以免费参观公园。 写作运用 ③我感到很荣幸负责下周举行的这项主题为“弘扬中国传统文化”的活动。 →I feel honored to be this activity to be held next week, themed Carrying Forward Traditional Chinese Culture. →It is an honor that this activity to be held next week will be me, themed Carrying Forward Traditional Chinese Culture. ③To enrich students' life, our school held a campus culture festival last week. The activity was the Students' Union. Some students put on . We students can learn a lot from this activity. 为了丰富学生的生活，我们学校上周举办了校园文化节。这项活动由学生会负责。一些有才能的优秀学生进行了生动的表演。我们相信学生们可以从这次活动中学到很多东西。 核心词汇8 attend vt.出席；参加；上(学)；照顾；护理 vi.照料；处理 attend to sb/sth照料……；处理……；招待…… [归纳点拨] attend，join，join in，take part in attend表示出席，参加(会议、讲座、婚礼等正式场合)，也指去听报告。 join表示参加某一团体，并作为其中一个成员，如入党、入团、参军和参加俱乐部等；如果后接人，则表示参加某人的活动。 join in后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。 take part in后接活动，尤指多人参加的群体性大型活动。 写作运用 ①I must apologize to you for not being able to accompany you tonight because I have an urgent thing （attend）因为我有紧急事情要处理，今天晚上我不能陪伴你，我必须向你道歉。 ②Thanks to his timely and generous help，I could my mother so well. 多亏他及时的慷慨相助，我才能很好地照顾我的妈妈。 核心词汇9 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 归纳点拨 on the decrease 正在减少 on the increase正在增加 decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to...从……减少到…… 牛刀小试 ①Furthermore，the number of the students in our school reading classics has decreased 30%.That is，the number has decreased ____1,000 700. 写作运用 ②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs ，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions . 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 核心词汇10 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 归纳点拨 break up　　　　　 break through break away (from) break in break down break into 注意：break out, take place, happen, occur 都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。 牛刀小试 ①They had escaped to America shortly before war broke in 1939. ②I broke from him and rushed out into the hall. 写作运用 ③As the chairman came in, the crowd . 当主席进来时，人群爆发出热烈的掌声。 ④She couldn't control her emotions any longer and ,_sobbing uncontrollably in the middle of the crowded room. 她再也控制不住自己的情绪，终于崩溃了，在拥挤的房间中央无法控制地抽泣起来。 核心词汇11.cast (cast, cast) vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷；选派(角色) n.全体演员；投；掷 cast a shadow/cloud over/on...给……蒙上一层阴影 cast a look/glance at...向……看一眼 cast down使沮丧；使失望 语境辩义——写出下列cast的含义 ① The moon cast bright light over the garden when I saw through the window. ② He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. ③ The whole cast of My People, My Country performs/perform brilliantly. 写作运用 ➃ When anxiety beats you, or , this is a serious problem. 当焦虑打败你，或者给你的生活蒙上阴影时，这是一个严重的问题。 核心词汇 12.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)vi.(水)流出来；(烟)被吐出；涌现；下大雨 pour in/into 涌进 pour out倒出，涌出 pour down (雨)倾盆而下 pour one’s heart/soul out 倾吐某人的心事 写作运用 ①.Rain (pour) down from the sky，making it more difficult for us to find our way home.So frustrated were we that tears (pour) down our cheeks. ②The Great Wall is such a well­known tourist attraction that millions of people (pour) in every year. 长城是个如此著名的旅游景点，每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。 核心考点13　so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句 归纳点拨 so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that... such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数可数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... 注意： 当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)so that 可引导目的状语从句，作“以便；为的是”讲，从句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。 (2)in order that也可引导目的状语从句，可用于句首，而so that一般不用于句首。 (3)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或in order to/so as to句型。 写作运用 ①The Spoken English Club holds more and more students.Many club members they can speak English more fluently than before.英语口语俱乐部定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许多俱乐部成员取得了很大的进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。 ②People should reduce their carbon footprint . 人们应该减少他们的碳足迹，以便更好地保护环境。 核心考点14状语从句的省略 状语从句省略的条件：①when，while，though，even if，unless，if，as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it；②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。 省略句的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。 牛刀小试 (1)单句语法填空 ①While (wait) for the bus, I met an old friend. ②When (play) with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy. ③If ,_you can send an email to 123456@ sina.com. 如果对它感兴趣，你可以发送电子邮件到123456@sina.com. ④ ,_you can look up the word in a dictionary. 必要的时候你可以在词典里查这个单词。 03 素养提升 语法释析 思维导图 [语法感知] ①(教材原句)One theory was that bad air caused the disease. ②(教材原句)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. ③(教材原句)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. ④Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian. ⑤His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently. ⑥That’s why we’ve given you the letter [会发现] (1)句①②③为 引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，且句意完整。 (2)句④为what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作 ，意为“……的事情”。  (3)句⑤为whether引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少任何句子成分，whether在句中意为 。 (4)句⑥为why引导的表语从句，why在从句中作 ，意为“……的原因”。 [归纳点拨] 在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语从句可由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词来引导。 一、表语从句连接词的用法　 1．连接词that/whether that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。 The trouble is that she has lost his address. 麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 [注意]　if不能引导表语从句。 2．连接代词 引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能让谁去替代她。 Tom is no longer what he used to be. 汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。 3．连接副词 引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。 That was where we camped last time. 那就是我们上次野营的地方。 This is why Sara was late for class. 这就是萨拉上课迟到的原因。 4．其他连接词 另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。 He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late. 他没吃早饭，那是因为他起晚了。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 二、注意事项　 1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why ... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because ... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her, and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话，那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her, and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气。 2．reason作主语时的表语从句 主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 如此严重的一起事故的原因是司机太粗心、喝酒太多。 3．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice, suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea等，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不可换成would。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 4．其他系动词＋表语从句 除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词还有：seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States. 听起来好像你来自美国南部。 [牛刀小试]　(完成句子) ① (2023·全国乙卷书面表达) I have learned the skill of playing the piano. It is simply .  我学会了弹钢琴这项技能。仅仅因为它能使我的心情放松。 ②The question is . 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 ③Now she had known Millie for years. 现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。 ④My advice is that you as often as possible. 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。 ⑤That's . 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 ⑥The problem is . 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 ⑦ (2022·全国乙卷书面表达) My suggestion is when learning English. 我的建议是学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法。 ⑧ (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is an English trainer.  他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是为什么他们需要英语培训师。  根据汉语提示用表语从句完成短文 Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Peking and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894. What he did at the age of eight was ① (他开始每天接受京剧训练). When he was 17, he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high. Every day Mei watched them as they flew, and ② (那就是他如何发展出眼部动作) that were so crucial to his art. Hard work and dedication were ③ (使他成为京剧界的领军人物)． Mei was also an innovator. In addition to new stage designs and singing styles, his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters. This was ④ (极大地促进了京剧的发展)． Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. This lifelong devotion is ⑤ (使他成为有史以来最著名的京剧艺术家之一). 写作部分——Write about what makes a great scientist 本单元的写作任务是介绍科学家的优秀品质，涉及著名科学家的品格和素养以及他们献身科学的精神，属于人物介绍类写作。写作时要围绕人物组织材料，做到主题鲜明，详略得当，并注意结构的完整性。 (一)模板提炼 (二)写作要点指津 人物介绍类写作应注意以下几点： 1．选取典型事例、重要成就来表现人物的优秀品质。介绍人物时，应有相应的事例作为支撑。正所谓“人因事显”，离开具体的事例，人物的性格、品质和精神面貌都无从表现出来。因此，选材一定要认真仔细，安排材料时还应分清主次，详略得当。 2．借助合理的写作手法突出人物的优秀品质。可以运用侧面描写、对比、衬托等手法来突出人物的形象。 3．写作时可根据需要采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙等不同的叙述方式，以突出重点信息。 4．写作过程中要注意人称的变化和时态的运用。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹等常用一般过去时。 5．恰当使用总结性语言，对人物的优秀品质进行点睛式的概括，从而进一步升华主题。 (一)背写作词汇 1． 出生在一个……的家庭 2． 在某人十几/二十几/三十几岁的时候 3． 普通/英俊 4． 毕业于…… 5． 获得……方面的学位 6． 对……有浓厚的兴趣 7． 有……天赋 8． 竭尽全力做某事 9． 受……尊重 10． 献身于 11． 为……树立榜样 12． 被誉为…… 13． 全心全意为……服务 14． 高度评价 15． 为……作出伟大的贡献 (二)背写作佳句 1．There are many outstanding scientists in the world. Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most. 世界上有许多杰出的科学家。其中，我最敬佩袁隆平。 2．He devoted all his life to helping people at home and abroad get enough food to eat. 他一生致力于帮助国内外的人们获得足够的食物。 3．It is Yuan Longping's hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. He is my role model and has been inspiring me to study hard. 是袁隆平的拼搏精神和毅力让他成功。他是我的榜样，一直激励我努力学习。 4．Tu Youyou, a great scientist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. 我国伟大科学家屠呦呦因发现青蒿素获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 5．Great scientist as he is, he is very easy-going and friendly. Besides, he remains modest and serious about science in spite of his great success, which is worth learning. 尽管他是一位伟大的科学家，但很随和友好。此外，尽管他取得了巨大的成功，但他对科学仍然很谦虚和认真，这值得学习。 6．Qian Xuesen devoted himself to the country and helped make China stronger. He is an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward. 钱学森献身于国家，帮助中国变得更加强大。他是我的榜样，他的精神将激励我继续前进。 [写作练习] 假定你是李华，你校英语报正在征稿要求介绍一位改变世界的物理学家。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文介绍霍金并投稿，词数80左右。 1．他于1942年1月8日出生在英国，从小就对科学感兴趣； 2．他毕业于牛津大学(University of Oxford)，在剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)获得博士学位并留校做教学研究工作； 3．他有很多著作，其中包括《时间简史》(A Brief History of Time)、《果壳中的宇宙》(The Universe in a Nutshell)以及《大设计》(The Grand Design)； 4．他是一位优秀的物理学家，他的勇气、才华和幽默激励了全世界的人。 根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文 Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest physicists with international fame. He ① (1942年1月8日出生于英国). Stephen Hawking ② (对科学表现出极大的兴趣)as a child. He graduated from the University of Oxford, and got his doctor's degree in the University of Cambridge, ③ 在那里他担任教授并做一些研究), making great achievements. He ④ (出版了许多著作), among which A Brief History of Time, The Universe in a Nutshell and The Grand Design are very famous. Stephen Hawking is an outstanding physicist, ⑤ (他的勇气、才华和幽默激励了全世界的人)． 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$