2024年广东省中考英语二轮复习话题突破课件：话题十五 灾害防范与安全救护

主题三 人与自然 话题十五 灾害防范与安全救护 人教版 外研版 九全Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 八上Module 8 Accidents 八上Module 12 Help 九下Module 5 Look after yourself [时文悦读·素养提升] 美国毛伊县火灾 ⁠ ⁠完形填空 According to the Maui County website, the number of deaths from the Maui wildfires in Hawaii reached① 93 on Saturday.It is the   1 ⁠ wildfire in the US in more than a century. (　B　)1.A.smallest B．worst C．earliest D．easiest 1．B　根据“The number of deaths from the Maui wildfires in Hawaii reached 93”可知，这是美国百年来最严重的一次火灾。故选B。 B More than 2，200 buildings were destroyed(毁坏) and around 8.78 square kilometers were burned.“The   2 ⁠ of deaths would continue to rise.Without doubt, it feels like a bomb(炸弹) was   3 ⁠ on Lahaina，” Josh Green, an officer, said. (　D　)2.A.time B．age C．space D．number (　A　)3.A.dropped B．made C．covered D．connected D A In a video posted online, Milo Tomkinson, 13, and his big brother, Noah Tomkinson, 19, told their   4 ⁠ experience of getting away from the town with their mom.The flames(火焰)   5 ⁠ from one block to another quickly. (　B　)4.A.possible B．terrible C．comfortable D．suitable 4．B　根据下文他们波折的逃跑经历可知，他们回忆的是糟糕的经历。故选B。 B (　C　)5.A.cut B．changed C．spread D．stopped C 5．C　根据“from one block to another quickly”可知，火焰快速地从一个街区传播到另一个街区。故选C。 They were at their Lahaina home when they noticed the flames getting closer, so they tried to run away in their   6 ⁠． But the only road was crowded with people.They   7 ⁠ decided to leave their car behind. (　A　)6.A.car B．ship C．bike D．plane 6．A　根据“decided to leave their car behind”可知，他们准备开车逃离。故选A。 A (　D　)7.A.luckily B．really C．usually D．immediately D They tried   8 ⁠ a safe place on foot, but flames were everywhere.At last they   9 ⁠ the only road to survive — the Pacific. (　A　)8.A.looking for B．looking at C．looking after D．looking over 8．A　根据“decided to leave their car behind”可知，他们留下了车，准备步行去寻找避难所。look for寻找；look at看着；look after照顾；look over浏览。故选A。 (　B　)9.A.created B．found C．broke D．left A B The state's outdoor warning② system, the largest system in the world with about 400 alarms, was not working during the   10 ⁠， according to a reporter.Instead, people had to depend on other forms of warnings such as mobile phones, local radios and television stations. (　D　)10.A.flood B．storm C．earthquake D．fire 10．D　通读全文可知，本文讲述的是发生在美国毛伊县的火灾。故选D。 短文大意：本文讲述了发生在美国毛伊县的火灾及其造成的严重破坏。 D 一、文化意识 在大自然面前，人类的力量是渺小的。美国夏威夷州毛伊县爆发的毁灭性的野火已经造成93人遇难，随着搜救工作的艰难推进，伤亡人数有可能进一步增加。面对自然灾害，同学们应该掌握基本的逃生技能，懂得自我保护。 二、语言能力 熟词生义/同根词 ①reach v. 　达到 　 ⁠ ②warning n. 　警示；警告 　 ⁠ 达到 　 警示；警告 　 三、思维品质 除了文中提到的wildfire，你还知道哪些表示自然灾害的英文词汇？来头脑风暴一下吧！ 一、核心话题词汇 自然灾害(Natural disasters) n. 1.fire火；火灾 2.earthquake地震 3.flood洪水 4.lightning闪电 5．storm暴风雨(雪) 6.corn谷物；庄稼 7.farm农场 兼词 1.shake n．& v．摇动；抖动 2.shock n．& v．震惊；使震惊 3.harm n．&v.伤害；损害 4．smoke v．吸烟 n．烟；烟雾 5.spread v．传播；展开 n．蔓延；传播 6.thunder n．雷；雷声 v．打雷 微语境运用 Usually, natural disasters cause great harm and death.When a fire happens, especially in the wild, it 1. 　spreads　 ⁠ quickly.People can't breathe because of the 2. 　smoke　 ⁠.That's why some of them die.3. 　Earthquakes　 ⁠ usually don't last more than a minute, but their effects can be terrible.The ground 4. 　shakes　 ⁠ heavily.Buildings fall down and they can sometimes cause fires and floods. spreads　 smoke　 Earthquakes　 shakes　 安全与救护(Safety and rescue) v. 1.break打破；折断 2.bleed流血 3.save挽救 4.burn着火；燃烧；烫伤 5．arrive到达 6.appear出现 7.boil煮沸；烧开 8.bring带来 adj. 1.hungry饥饿的→hunger饥荒；饥饿感 2.brave勇敢的 3.careful小心的 4．dangerous危险的 5.dead死的；去世的 n. 1.danger危险 2.safety安全 3.attention注意 4.accident意外 5．wound伤口 6.alarm警报；警报器 7.blood血；血液 8.death死亡 兼词 1.check n．&v.检查；核对 2.shout n．&v.喊叫 3.risk n．风险；危险 v．冒险 微语境运用 Accidents may happen here and there.When a person stops breathing, we should open his mouth carefully and 1. 　check　 ⁠ if there is food in his mouth.When someone is bitten by an animal, wash the 2. 　wound　 ⁠ with cold running water right away.When a person is burnt, the first thing to do is to 3. 　carefully　 ⁠ wash and cool the area under the cold tap(水龙头) for a while. check　 wound　 carefully　 二、核心话题词块 1.take risks/take a risk冒险 2.first aid急救 3.traffic accidents 交通事故 4．be in good condition 情况良好 5.be in danger处于危险当中 6.be harmful to...对……有害 7．get hurt受伤 8.lose/save one's life 失去/挽救某人的生命 9．pay attention to注意 10.run the red light 闯红灯 11.put out the fire灭火 12．follow traffic rules遵守交通规则 13.warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事 微语境运用 There are some disadvantages of online food delivery(递送) services.As deliverymen need to send the orders as quickly as possible, some don't 1. 　pay attention to　 ⁠ traffic rules.They may 2. 　run the red light　 ⁠.In recent years, a number of people have 3. 　got hurt　 ⁠ or even been killed because of this.What's more, delivery services are creating too much plastic pollution, and this will 4. 　be harmful to　 ⁠ the environment. pay attention to　 run the red light　 got hurt　 be harmful to　 三、写作佳句积累 1.If there are no traffic lights, make sure you look at both sides before you cross the road.如果没有信号灯，在你过马路之前要确保看一看马路两边。 2．We should learn some safety skills so that we can not only keep ourselves safe, but also help others in need.我们应该学习一些安全技巧，这样我们不仅可以保证我们自己的安全，还可以帮助其他有需要的人。 3．Earthquakes often happen suddenly, so it's difficult to warn people about them.地震经常突然发生，所以很难提醒人们注意地震。 4．You must know how to get away from a fire accident.你必须知道如何从火灾事故中逃生。 句型仿写 1．如果我们遇到危险，我们必须保持冷静。(if)  　If we get into trouble, we must keep calm.　 ⁠ 2．学习如何让自己安全很重要。(it is＋adj.＋to do sth.; how to do)  　It is important to learn about how to make ourselves safe.　⁠ If we get into trouble, we must keep calm.　 It is important to learn about how to make ourselves safe.　 一、阅读理解B篇 [雷电天气安全指南]The wind begins to blow, the sky gets dark and suddenly you hear it — the sound of thunder.That's a sign that possible danger is on the way.In fact, it's likely within 10 miles from you. You'd better pay attention to that sound, because where there is thunder there is lightning, and lightning can kill or hurt in ways you would least expect. 1 That includes when you are in the shower or even washing the dishes. “Since lightning can travel through pipes(管道), it is best to avoid all water during a thunderstorm.Do not shower, bath, wash the dishes, or wash your hands，” an expert said. “Count the number of seconds between lightning and the sound of thunder, and then divide by 5. 2 Every five seconds equals(相当于) 1 mile，” the expert said.If it's 15 seconds between the two, that means lightning is 3 miles away from you. Most deaths and injuries happen when people are outside, especially during summer months in the afternoon and evening.About 180 people are hurt 3 by lightning every year, and 10% of people hit by lightning die.Those who work outside are at the highest risk. 4 “If you are caught outside, don't lie on the ground.Get inside a safe place，” the expert said.“Avoid anything that will increase your risk of being hit by lightning, such as being near or under tall trees.” ( C )1.In what ways can lightning harm people? A．By causing earthquakes. B．By knocking down buildings. C．By killing or hurting them unexpectedly. D．By creating strong winds. C ( D )2.How far is the lightning if we hear thunder 25 seconds after lightning? A．1 mile away from us. B．2 miles away from us. C．3 miles away from us. D．5 miles away from us. 2．D　数字计算题。根据第四段“Count the number of seconds... and then divide by 5.Every five seconds equals 1 mile”可知，25秒除以5，即闪电距我们有5英里。 D ( B )3.What does the underlined word “injuries” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Illnesses. B．Harm. C．Warnings. D．Punishment. 3．B　词义猜测题。根据下一句“About 180 people are hurt by lightning every year...”可推出，injuries的意思为伤害，故选B。 B (　A　)4.Who is at the highest risk of being hit by lightning? A．Bob, who is climbing mountains. B．Lucy, who is listening to music in bed. C．Jason, who is running in the gym. D．Mia, who is reading in the library. A ( B )5.What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The dangers of thunder. B．How to keep safe in lightning. C．Why we can't take a shower during a thunderstorm. D．The relationship between thunder and lightning. 5．B　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了闪电的危害及如何在雷电天气中保持安全，因此B选项最能概括全文。 短文大意：本文主要介绍了一些打雷和闪电的知识以及如何在雷电天气保持安全。 B 二、短文填空 still weak by kill find so country it thousand strong care die On the early morning of February 6, a big earthquake hit Türkiye and Syria.It had a magnitude(震级) of 7.8.Unluckily, more than 41，000 people were 1. 　killed 　 ⁠ in the earthquake. The earthquake happened in Türkiye near 2. 　its 　 ⁠ border(边境) with Syria.This earthquake was 3. 　stronger 　 ⁠ than any other one that hit Türkiye in the last 80 years. 1．killed　分析句子结构可知，本句为一般过去时的被动语态。故填killed。 killed 　 its 　 stronger 　 The earthquake was followed 4. 　by 　 ⁠ over 130 aftershocks. Aftershocks are usually smaller earthquakes that happen after a larger one.While in this case, some of the aftershocks were 5. 　still 　 ⁠ as strong as the large one.One even had a magnitude of 7.5. 4．by　句意：地震之后发生了130多次余震。be followed by紧随其后。 by 　 still 　 still weak by kill find so country it thousand strong care die Nearly thirty 6. 　countries 　 ⁠， including China, quickly sent helpers to Türkiye and Syria.Medical workers were racing against the clock to 7. 　care 　 ⁠ for the people who got hurt.A church in Syria also took action.“We want to make sure that everyone can be safe here, 8. 　so 　 ⁠ we open the doors to the public，” said the head of the church. 6．countries　根据“thirty”及下文的“including China”可知，这里应该用国家的复数。 countries 　 care 　 so 　 The earthquake also caused harm to 9. 　thousands 　 ⁠ of buildings in both Türkiye and Syria.UNESCO was especially worried about Aleppo, which is an ancient city in Syria.“Great harm was 10. 　found 　 ⁠ in the city，” the organization said.“The western tower of the old city wall has fallen down.” 短文大意：本文介绍了土耳其和叙利亚发生大地震的情况。 thousands 　 found 　 三、读写综合 A.回答问题 Kyle lives in a small city.Although he has a job at night，1 he likes his job very much.Last Friday, Kyle came back home in the morning after he finished his night work.His daughter Macie and son Caleb didn't go to school that day because it was the first anniversary(周年纪念日) of their grandmother's death. 2 But they did not expect that the decision would save Kyle's life. After Kyle's wife went to work, only he and his two children stayed at home.All of a sudden, Kyle felt uncomfortable.He had difficulty in breathing and soon fell down to the ground. Macie and Caleb ran to him as fast as they could.Seeing their father's pale face, Caleb cried loudly, while Macie calmly picked up the phone and called the police at once. 3 Macie quickly told the police some key information, including their address, their father's name and age.Even before the police arrived, she calmed Caleb down and asked him to take their dog to another room quietly. 4 “Thanks to my daughter, I was saved in the end，” Kyle said.“I'm very lucky.If I hadn't taught my daughter certain things in daily life before, the result could have been completely different.She is my hero in my heart.I think it is really important and necessary for all parents to teach their children how to ask for help.” 5 1．When did Kyle work, in the day or at night?  　He/Kyle worked at night./At night.　 ⁠ He/Kyle worked at night./At night.　 2．Why didn't Macie and Caleb go to school last Friday?  　Because it was the first anniversary of their grandmother's death.　 ⁠  　Because it was the first anniversary of their grandmother's death.　 ⁠ 3．Who did Macie call for help after Kyle fell down?  　The police./Macie/She called the police for help after Kyle fell down.　⁠ The police./Macie/She called the police for help after Kyle fell down.　⁠ 4．Where did Macie ask Caleb to take their dog?  　To another room./Macie/She asked Caleb to take their dog to another room.　 ⁠  　To another room./Macie/She asked Caleb to take their dog to another room.　 ⁠ 5．What does Kyle think of teaching children how to ask for help?  　Important and necessary./He/Kyle thinks it is important and necessary to teach children how to ask for help.　 ⁠  　Important and necessary./He/Kyle thinks it is important and necessary to teach children how to ask for help.　 ⁠ 【迁移写作】B.书面表达 假如你是李华，你校英语广播站最近在征集关于遵守交通规则的文章，请你根据以下思维导图内容提示，以“Keep Safe on the Road”为题，写一篇短文进行投稿。 ⁠ ⁠审题定方向 1．审文体：本文是谈论遵守交通规则，属于 　说明文 　 ⁠。 2．审人称：从导图内容可知是让介绍“我们”如何遵守交通规则，用 　第一人称 　 ⁠。 3．审时态：介绍原因和方法，用 　一般现在时 　 ⁠。 说明文 　 第一人称 　 一般现在时 　 ⁠ ⁠谋篇拓思维 1．当心；小心 　take care　 ⁠ 2．处于危险中 　be in danger　 ⁠ 3．遵守交通规则 　obey/follow the traffic rules　 ⁠ 4．确保 　make sure　 ⁠ 5．保持秩序 　keep in order　 ⁠ 6．交通事故 　traffic accidents　 ⁠ 7．采取行动 　take action　 ⁠ take care　 be in danger　 obey/follow the traffic rules　 make sure　 keep in order　 traffic accidents　 take action　 ⁠ ⁠连篇成佳作  增分小技巧 1．介绍如何遵守交通规则时，可使用表达先后顺序的连接词； 2．使用复合句：介绍遵守交通规则的原因和呼吁大家遵守交通规则时，可使用if引导的条件状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句； 3．巧用非谓语动词：具体介绍应该如何做时，可使用in order to结构。 Keep Safe on the Road It's important for us to keep safe on the road. There are many buses, cars and people on the road.The roads are very busy.If we don't take care, we will be in danger. In order to keep ourselves safe, we must obey the traffic rules.How can we do that? First, walk or ride on the right side of the road.Make sure it's safe when you cross the road.Second, never play on the road.It's dangerous because we may not notice the cars when we play.Third, keep in order when you take a bus.If we do these, we'll be safe on the road. If everyone can obey the traffic rules, there will be no traffic accidents and nobody will get hurt on the road.Let's take action from now on! $$