2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件---动词和动词短语

动词和动词短语 (完形填空：每年必考，2～4分；短文填空：每年必考，3～4.5分) I have a sister and her name is Jane.We both ① 　have ⁠(have) some hobbies.Jane ② 　loves ⁠(love) watching birds. One day, Jane found that a bird was ③ 　standing ⁠(stand) in the tree.She ④ 　kept ⁠(keep) watching it but it ⑤ 　didn't ⁠(do not) see her.The bird ⑥ 　looked ⁠(look) beautiful.Suddenly a cat appeared and the bird ⑦ 　was ⁠(be) afraid.It seemed as if the bird was in danger.However, it turned out that Jane ⑧needn't be worried about it.It had ⑨flown away quickly before the cat got close to it. have loves standing kept didn't looked was Step 1 根据上下文用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 Step 2 掌握动词的分类及五种基本形式 (1)动词根据其句法功能可分为：实义动词(如①②③④⑨)、助动词(如⑤)、系动词(如⑥⑦)、情态动词(如⑧)。 (2)动词的五种基本形式及用法 动词原形(如①) 用于一般现在时(第一、二人称和复数作主语) 用于助动词之后 用于情态动词之后 用于to(不定式符号)之后 第三人称单数(如②) 用于一般现在时(第三人称单数作主语) 现在分词(如③) 用于现在进行时和过去进行时 过去式(如④⑤⑥⑦) 用于一般过去时 过去分词(如⑨) 用于完成时和被动语态 Step 3 掌握动词五种基本形式的构成规则 基本形式 构成规则 例子 动词原形 动词的原始形式 study; be; like; catch; depend 第三人称单数 一般情况直接加­s take—takes; put—puts; love—(1) 　loves　 ⁠ 以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加­es pass—passes; fix—fixes; teach—teaches； wash—washes; go—goes 以辅音字母＋y结尾的，先变y为i再加­es carry—carries; cry—cries; fly—flies; try—tries 不规则变化 be—am/is/are; have—(2) 　has　 ⁠ loves　 has　 现在分词 一般情况直接加­ing catch—catching; do—doing; read—(3) 　reading　 ⁠ 以不发音的字母e结尾的，先去e再加­ing write—writing; make—(4) 　making　 ⁠ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母再加­ing swim—swimming; begin—beginning； sit—sitting; put—putting; run—(5) 　running　 ⁠ 以­ie结尾的，先变ie为y再加­ing die—dying; tie—tying; lie—(6) 　lying　 ⁠ reading　 making　 running　 lying　 过去式与过去分词 一般情况直接加­ed work—worked; pass—(7) 　passed　 ⁠ 以字母e结尾的，直接加­d live—lived; hope—hoped; decide—(8) 　decided　 ⁠ 以辅音字母＋y结尾的，先变y为i再加­ed worry—worried; study—(9) 　studied　 ⁠ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped; drop—dropped； regret—regretted; plan—(10) 　planned　 ⁠ Tip：不规则动词的过去式与过去分词详见《早读材料》的不规则动词表。 passed　 decided　 studied　 planned　 ⁠ ⁠实义动词 1．及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词主要包括及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词本身意义不完整，需要在其后加宾语；不及物动词本身意义完整，其后无需接宾语，有时可加上副词或介词，构成动词短语。 分类 用法 例子 及物动词 主语＋谓语＋宾语 I love my country. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 I believe him honest and kind. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 I'll get you some tea. 不及物动词 主语＋谓语(＋其他) A traffic accident happened (yesterday). Tip：某些“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”可以改为“主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋介词(to/for)＋间接宾语”。如：I'll get you some tea.＝I'll get some tea for you. 2．动词词义辨析 动词词义辨析是广东中考完形填空的必考题。主要考查语境辨析，要求考生能通过对上下文的理解，选择合适的词汇。 ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　A　)1.(2023天津)To keep healthy, Daming's grandparents   ⁠ in a park every day. A．exercise B．cough C．sleep D．wait A ( B )2.(2023福建)He is so honest a man that we all   ⁠ him. A．teach B．trust C．refuse D．become B ( A )3.(2023江西)—Hello! Can I speak to Jenny, please? —Sorry, she isn't in.Can I   ⁠ a message? A．take B．read C．check D．receive A ( A )4.(2023滨州)—Our parents often   ⁠ us not to talk with strangers on the Internet. —That's true.As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A．warn B．invite C．control D．promise A ( C )5.(2023自贡)—Could I   ⁠ the book for two more days? —Sorry, you can't.You must follow our rules. A．borrow B．lend C．keep D．dream C ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(完形填空) In November, 2022, 56­year­old Deng Qingming went into space with two other astronauts.After nearly 25 years of   6 ⁠， Deng finally realized his dream of going into space. Before becoming one of China's first group of astronauts in 1998, Deng   7 ⁠ almost all of his time training and waiting.Deng said that he did feel sad sometimes.But after each failure, he quickly cheered himself up and   8 ⁠ for the next task.Because he believed that the success of the space task came before his personal wishes. (　C　)6.A.protecting B．running C．waiting D．failing (　A　)7.A.spent B．took C．cost D．paid (　D　)8.A.changed B．stood C．looked D．prepared C A D ⁠ ⁠系动词和助动词 1．系动词 系动词表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，后面通常接名词或形容词。常见的系动词有： 五感 look看起来， smell闻起来， taste尝起来， sound听起来， feel觉得、摸起来 The dish smells good and tastes delicious.这道菜闻起来很好，尝起来很美味。 五变 become, get, turn(变颜色), go(变质等), grow(逐渐变得) He became angry with his son.他生他儿子的气了。 His face turned red.他的脸变红了。 In hot weather, meat goes bad easily.在热天，肉容易变坏。 三保持 keep, stay, remain We should keep our classroom clean.我们应当保持教室干净。 二特殊 be动词，seem似乎 He seems a nice man.他似乎是个好人。 2.助动词 助动词本身没有实际意义，不能独立作谓语，必须和实义动词一起使用，在句中帮助提问、否定以及构成相应的时态和语态。常用的助动词有：be(is, am, are, was, were, isn't, am not, aren't, wasn't, weren't), do(does, did, don't, doesn't, didn't), will(won't, would, wouldn't)和have(has, had, haven't, hasn't, hadn't)等。如： I will be a high school student next year.我明年就要成为一名高中生了。 (　B　)1.Thomas speaks English much better than he   ⁠ five years ago. A．is B．did C．has D．does B ( C )2.If it doesn't   ⁠ tomorrow, my friend Carl will go to the zoo with me. A．raining B．rained C．rain D．rains C ( C )3.(2023孝感)—Daniel, try this strawberry cake. —It   ⁠ delicious.I'd like to have some more. A．smells B．feels C．tastes D．looks C ( D )4.—Good morning.I'd like a birthday present for my mother. —What about this scarf? It is beautiful and it   ⁠ soft and warm. A．tastes B．looks C．seems D．feels D ( A )5.How   ⁠ the bad meat   ⁠！ Throw it away. A．terrible; smells B．terribly; smells C．terrible; sounds D．terribly; sounds A ⁠ ⁠情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的情感与态度，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。 1．常用情态动词 情态动词 用法 例子 can/could (1)表能力，意为“能；会”，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时 (2)表请求或许可，意为“可以”，在疑问句中，could比can语气更委婉，回答时用“主语＋can/can't/cannot” ①My friend can speak five languages.我的朋友会说五种语言。 ②—Could/Can I ask you a question? 我能问你一个问题吗？ —Of course you can.当然可以。 may/might (1)表请求或许可，意为“可以”，比can正式，语气更加委婉；否定回答多用mustn't/can't表示不可以 (2)表祝愿、希望、祈求等 ①—May I park my car here for a while？我可以把车停这里一会儿吗？ —No, you mustn't/can't.不，你不可以。 ②May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。 shall shall用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见、建议或请求指示 Shall we go to the cinema？我们去看电影怎么样？ should should表建议、义务等，意为“应该” You should read his new book.你应该读读他的新书。 情态动词 用法 例子 must/ have to (1)must意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观看法。对其一般疑问句的肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn't或don't have to (2)have to意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观需求，有人称、时态和数的变化 ①You must arrive here before 10 o'clock tomorrow.你必须明天十点之前到这里。 ②I missed the last bus, so I had to walk home.我错过了最后一班公交车，所以我不得不走回家了。 need 意为“需要”，作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。对其一般疑问句的肯定回答用must或have to, 否定回答用needn't You needn't come tomorrow.明天你不需要来。 had better 表劝告、建议，意为“最好”，固定搭配had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事 You'd better not swim in the river.It's very dangerous.你最好不要在河里游泳。那很危险。 Tip: 情态动词变否定时，一般在其后加not；变疑问句时，将其提到句首。 2.情态动词表推测 情态动词 用法 例子 may/might (1)表示不确定，may可能性大于might (2)may/might not意为“可能不” ①He may/might know the way to the post office.I am not sure.他可能知道去邮局的路。我不确定。 ②There are many stars in the sky.It may/might not rain tomorrow.天上有很多星星。明天可能不会下雨。 can/could (1)could比can表示的可能性要小 (2)can表推测时用于疑问句 (3)can't意为“不可能” ①Who can it be？It's so late.会是谁呢？都这么晚了。 ②The boy can't be John.He went to London yesterday.那个男孩不可能是约翰。他昨天去伦敦了。 must 用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的推测，意为“一定；肯定” The notebook must be Li Ming's.His name is on the first page.这个笔记本一定是李明的。他的名字在第一页。 Tip: 表推测的可能性大小为：must＞can(疑问句)＞could＞may＞might＞can't (　B　)1.(2023天津)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow? —Sorry, I'm afraid I   ⁠.I'll work as a volunteer in my community. A．can B．can't C．must D．mustn't B ( D )2.(2023黑龙江)—Dad, must I finish my task today? —No, you   ⁠.You may do it tomorrow. A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't D ( A )3.—How beautiful the paper cutting is! Who made it? —It   ⁠ be Linda.She's the only one that can make it in our class. A．must B．would C．can D．could A ( B )4.Earthquakes can be very dangerous.We   ⁠ learn to protect ourselves. A．might B．should C．could D．would B ( D )5.—Look! Mr.Li is playing basketball with his students. —It   ⁠ be him.He has gone to Xi'an. A．mustn't B．shouldn't C．needn't D．can't D ( B )6.—Miss Li, I don't want to say sorry to Daniel. —I'm afraid you   ⁠.After all, you broke his glasses. A．may B．have to C．mustn't D．needn't B ⁠ ⁠常用动词(短语)辨析 1．bring, take和carry 单词 用法 自测 bring 表示“带来” (1)Remember to  　bring　 ⁠ your homework here tomorrow. (2)Don't forget to  　take　 ⁠ an umbrella with you when you go out. (3)The box is too heavy.I can't  　carry　 ⁠ it. take 表示“带走” carry 不表明动作的方向 bring　 take　 carry　 2.look for和find 单词/短词 用法 自测 look for “寻找”，强调过程 (1)It's getting dark.Let's  　look for　 ⁠ a hotel now. (2)He  　looked for　 ⁠ his passport everywhere, but he couldn't  　find　 ⁠ it. find “找到”，强调结果 look for　 looked for　 find　 3.say, speak, tell和talk 单词 用法 自测 say “说”，后常跟说话内容 (1)Not only does he  　speak　 ⁠ English correctly, but he  　speaks　 ⁠ it fluently. (2)Let me  　tell　 ⁠ you something about the places we have visited so far. (3)Many people  　say　 ⁠ dolphins(海豚) are intelligent. (4)English people love to  　talk　 ⁠ about the weather. speak “说；讲(某种语言)”，常用短语speak to/with sb. tell “告诉；讲述；讲(故事)；说(谎)”，常用短语tell sb.sth.，tell sth.to sb.和tell sb.(not) to do sth. talk “谈话”，常用短语talk to/with sb.和talk about sth. speak　 speaks　 tell　 say　 talk　 4.look, see, watch和read 单词 用法 自测 look “看”，强调动作 (1)Can you  　read　 ⁠ the newspaper for me? (2) 　Look　 ⁠ at the blackboard.Can you  　see　 ⁠ the picture? (3)Did you  　watch　 ⁠ the football match on TV last night？ see “看见”，强调结果 watch “观看；注视”，如看电视、比赛等 read “阅读”，看文字类的东西，如读书、看报、看地图等 read　 Look　 see　 watch　 5.wear, put on, dress和be in 单词/短语 用法 自测 wear “穿着”，强调状态，后接物 (1)Can you see the boy  　in　 ⁠ red over there? (2)Lily isn't old enough to  　dress　 ⁠ herself. (3)We must  　wear　 ⁠ seat belts when driving a car. (4)I am  　putting on　 ⁠ my shoes.Wait a minute. put on “穿上”，强调动作，后接物 dress “穿”，后接人，常用短语be/get dressed in, dress sb., dress oneself be in “穿着”，后常接颜色 in　 dress　 wear　 putting on　 6.borrow, lend和keep 单词 用法 自测 borrow 表示“借入”，常用短语borrow sth.from sb. (1)How long can I  　keep　 ⁠ this book? (2)—Can I  　borrow　 ⁠ your bike? My bike is broken. —Sorry, I can't  　lend　 ⁠ it to you because mine is broken, too. lend 表示“借出”，常用短语lend sth.to sb. keep 表示“持有；留存”，可与时间段连用 keep　 borrow　 lend　 7.take, cost, spend和pay 单词 用法 自测 take “花费(时间)”，常用句型It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth. (1)I  　spent　 ⁠ the whole afternoon cleaning my room yesterday. (2)Jerry bought a new watch.It  　cost　 ⁠ him 250 dollars.That is to say, he  　paid　 ⁠ 250 dollars for the new watch. (3)It  　took　 ⁠ me two hours to finish my homework last night. (4)Would you like to  　spend　 ⁠ 30 more dollars on this car？ cost “花费(钱)”，主语是物，常用句型sth.cost sb.＋钱 spend “花费(时间/钱)”，主语是人，常用句型sb.spend＋时间/钱＋on sth./(in) doing sth. pay “支付”，主语是人，常用短语pay (sb.) money for sth.和pay for sth. spent　 cost　 paid　 took　 spend　 8.arrive, reach和get 单词 用法 自测 arrive 不及物动词，接地点时要加介词at或in。arrive at＋小地方，arrive in＋大地方 (1)I will meet you when you  　reach/get to/a rrive a t　 ⁠ the airport. (2)It's raining hard.I am afraid that we can't  　get　 ⁠ to the music hall on time. (3)Hurry up！We must  　arrive/reach/get　 ⁠ there on time. (4)Sara will  　arrive　 ⁠ in Beijing before 11 o'clock. reach 后面必须接地点，reach＋地方 get 后面必须接地点，get to＋地方 Tip：后面跟地点副词home, here, there等时，中间都不用介词，如：arrive/reach/get home 到家。 reach/get to/arrive at　 get　 arrive/reach/get　 arrive　 ⁠ ⁠动词短语 动词短语在完形填空中是必考点，在短文填空中也是常考点，需要考生在平时的学习中积累。常考动词短语见模块四。 ⁠ ⁠语法点针对训练 一、完形填空 (2023天津改编)Tom had a bad toothache. His mother wanted to take him to the dentist's, but he   1 ⁠. He was afraid of the pain when the dentist had to extract(拔出) his tooth. Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist, the pain would   2 ⁠ worse. At last, Tom had to agree. (　B　)1.A.relaxed B．refused C．nodded D．joked (　A　)2.A.get B．keep C．smell D．stay B A There were not many people at the dentist's. Soon, it was Tom's turn. He walked nervously into the room and   3 ⁠. The dentist looked   4 ⁠ and said hello to him with a smile. (　D　)3.A.checked out B．looked down C．came out D．sat down (　C　)4.A.proud B．excited C．kind D．terrible D C He asked Tom to   5 ⁠ his mouth. And then he told Tom that he had to extract the bad tooth. The dentist gave Tom an injection(注射) and   6 ⁠ him that he would not feel any pain. (　C　)5.A.fill B．shut C．open D．cover (　D　)6.A.allowed B．asked C．warned D．promised C D Tom really did not   7 ⁠ any pain. Then the dentist   8 ⁠ Tom to brush his teeth twice a day and taught him the right way of brushing his teeth. (　B　)7.A.taste B．feel C．turn D．sound (　A　)8.A.advised B．helped C．allowed D．invited B A He also told Tom not to   9 ⁠ too many sweet things so that his teeth would be healthy. After that, Tom   10 ⁠ how important it was to protect his teeth. (　B　)9.A.sell B．eat C．receive D．give (　C　)10.A.regretted B．hoped C．realized D．guessed B C 二、短文填空 become realize for with develop hold name be die from love stop (2023荆州改编)The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Of all the legends(传说) about it, the most famous one is about Qu Yuan. Qu was a poet of the State of Chu. He 1. 　loved 　 ⁠ his state very much. When he 2. 　realized 　 ⁠ that his state was becoming weaker and weaker, he felt sad. loved 　 realized 　 On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 278 BC, Qu threw himself into the Miluo River and 3. 　died 　 ⁠ for his state. People who lived near the river rushed into their boats to search 4. 　for 　 ⁠ him. They threw zongzi and other food into the river to keep fish 5. 　from 　 ⁠ eating Qu's body. died 　 for 　 from 　 become realize for with develop hold name be die from love stop To remember Qu, the customs of 6. 　holding 　 ⁠ dragon boat races and throwing zongzi into the river on that day were passed down, and the holiday was 7. 　named 　 ⁠ the Dragon Boat Festival. In 2009, the Dragon Boat Festival 8. 　became 　 ⁠ China's first festival to be recognized as one of the world's intangible cultural heritages(非物质文化遗产). holding 　 named 　 became 　 become realize for with develop hold name be die from love stop In Qu's hometown, a dragon boat race 9. 　is 　 ⁠ really welcomed every year during the festival. Dragon boat racing, in fact, has 10. 　developed 　 ⁠ from a local activity into an international sporting event. China's dragon boats have become popular all over the world. is 　 developed 　 become realize for with develop hold name be die from love stop ⁠ ⁠中考题型训练 ⁠ ⁠完形填空 [日本排放核污染水入海重创其旅游业]Japan's move to discharge(排出) nuclear­contaminated water(核污染水) into the ocean from August 24, 2023 has made some Chinese tourists reconsider their travel plans to the country. According to an online travel service provider, bookings for group tours in Japan had   1 ⁠ greatly in August compared to July.However, Japan's discharge of wastewater has stopped Chinese   2 ⁠ from going. (　B　)1.A.fallen B．increased C．become D．turned 1．B　根据下句“However, Japan's discharge of wastewater has stopped”可知现在人们不去了，那么之前应该是去，所以是增加了，故选increased。 (　B　)2.A.families B．customers C．officers D．players B B “In my opinion, it's bad behavior for a   3 ⁠ to discharge nuclear­contaminated water into the ocean.I am against such an action, so I won't   4 ⁠ traveling to Japan，” Di Mingyang, a guide working in Beijing, said. (　A　)3.A.country B．province C．team D．city (　D　)4.A.move B．help C．include D．suggest 4．D　根据“I am against such an action”可知是反对这种做法，那么肯定是不建议人们去日本旅游，故选suggest。 A D “It is   5 ⁠ not to eat Japanese­made food in Japan, and what if that food is unhealthy？” Li Xiaguang, a 33­year­old worker in Beijing, said that he used to   6 ⁠ Japan about two to three times a year for relaxing and shopping. (　B　)5.A.interesting B．impossible C．usual D．useless 5．B　根据常识可知，如果去了日本不吃日本的食物是不可能的，即impossible。 (　A　)6.A.visit B．sell C．share D．cook B A He had not visited the country for   7 ⁠ four years and was planning to travel there during the National Day holiday. “I don't know what to do now，” he said.“I've already booked flights and the hotel, and   8 ⁠ the visit would cost a lot. (　D　)7.A.sadly B．slowly C．badly D．nearly 7．D　根据语境可知，此处表示将近4年没有去日本，即nearly。 (　D　)8.A.looking at B．cheering on C．giving away D．putting off D D But my parents are trying to prevent me from going there because of health and food   9 ⁠．I think I will do more research on the influence of water discharge before making a   10 ⁠ decision.” (　A　)9.A.safety B．waste C．protection D．produce (　B　)10.A.long B．final C．short D．cool 10．B　根据上文描述，他在犹豫，所以要在做最终决定前做一些研究，故选final。 短文大意：2023年8月24日日本正式启动核污染水排海计划。出于对日本核污染水排海影响的担忧，国内部分原本计划赴日旅游的游客选择了退票。日本旅游业受到很大影响。 A B $$