2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件---代词课件

代词 (语法选择：每年必考，1分，考查人称代词和物主代词的用法；短文填空：每年必考，1.5～4.5分) A friend of ①mine tells me ②something we can do to help ③our friends and family. Ask ④what you can do to help.Talk to family members or friends and ask what they most need help with and just help do ⑤it．Show that ⑥you are always caring about ⑦them． Listen.Very often people just need ⑧someone to listen to them with kindness.When someone is telling you about ⑨himself, just try to be a good listener.⑩That will be great help. 新课标规定初中生需要掌握的代词包括： (1)人称代词：主格(⑥)、宾格(⑤和 　⑦ 　 ⁠) (2)物主代词：形容词性物主代词(③)、名词性物主代词( 　① 　 ⁠) (3)反身代词(⑨) (4)指示代词(⑩) (5)不定代词( 　②⑧ 　 ⁠) (6)疑问代词(④) ⑦ 　 ① 　 ②⑧ 　 ⁠ ⁠人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1．形式变化表 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself 单数 she her her hers herself 单数 it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 2.基本用法 人称代词 ①谓语动词前面用主格，谓语动词或介词之后用宾格 ②多个代词出现的顺序：单数you, he and I；复数we, you and they We went to see them yesterday. 物主代词 ①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，可在句中作定语，后接名词 ②名词性物主代词相当于名词，可在句中作主语、宾语和表语，其后不能接名词 This is my bag.Where is yours？ 反身代词 ①在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语 ②必须要与被指代人在人称和数上保持一致，意为“某人自己” I can finish it by myself. 3.常见反身代词短语如下： help oneself to...随便吃…… enjoy oneself 玩得开心 (all) by oneself 独自地 look after oneself 照顾自己 dress oneself 给自己穿衣 hurt oneself 伤到自己 relax oneself 放松自己 come to oneself 苏醒 say to oneself 自言自语 teach oneself＝learn... by oneself自学 lose oneself in...沉迷于；专心致志于 leave sb.by oneself将某人单独留下 ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　A　)1.(2023扬州)The children have painted since   ⁠ could first pick up a brush. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves A ( B )2.(2023北京)My sister enjoys singing and   ⁠ favorite subject is music. A．his B．her C．your D．their B ( B )3.(2023无锡)Think about it and ask   ⁠： have you really done everything right? A．you B．yourself C．me D．myself B ( A )4.(2023天津)  ⁠ teacher talked to   ⁠ about the stories of the Silk Road. A．Our; us B．Our; we C．Ours; us D．Ours; we A ( C )5.(2023遂宁)—I saw your grandma using Douyin on the phone.Who taught her? —Nobody.She taught   ⁠. A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself C ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) Give your attention when your children want to talk to   6 ⁠．Don't read, watch TV, fall asleep or make   7 ⁠ busy with other tasks when talking with kids.As parents, we should respect   8 ⁠ kids.We should also listen to them and talk to   9 ⁠ as friends.If kids want to share   10 ⁠ joys and sadnesses, we should always be there. (　A　)6.A.you B．yours C．your (　C　)7.A.your B．yours C．yourself (　B　)8.A.we B．our C．us (　B　)9.A.they B．them C．their (　C　)10.A.they B．them C．their A C B B C ⁠ ⁠指示代词 1．this, that, these和those的用法 单数 复数 用法 例子 this these 指近处的人或物； 指下文要提到的事 This is my sister Linda. that those 指远处的人或物； 指前面刚刚提过的事； 为了避免重复，常用来代替前文提到的名词 This camera is much cheaper than that on the shelf. Tip：打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。如：This is Lily speaking.Who's that？ 2.it, one, that作代词的区别 it 特指上文提到的同一个事物(复数用they) —I can't find my hat.Have you seen it？(指的就是上句话提到的hat，两者是同一物) —No, I think you'd better buy a new one．(指的是hat的同类物) one 泛指上文提到的同类事物，但非同一个(复数用ones) that 特指上文提到的同类事物，但非同一个，可指代可数名词单数或不可数名词(指代可数名词复数用those/the ones) ①The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Guangzhou. ②The only jokes I tell are those that I hear from you. Tip：it的其他用法 (1)指动物、婴儿或不明身份、性别的人 Someone is knocking at the door.Who is it？ (2)指代前句或后句所述的情况 Judy dreams of being an actress.She will work hard for it. (3)表示天气、时间或距离 It's quite cold in Beijing in winter. (4)作形式主语或形式宾语，此时真正的主语或宾语是动词不定式 It's kind of you to help me． She finds it hard to learn Chinese well． ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　C　)1.(2023安徽)I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy   ⁠. A．it B．that C．them D．ones C ( B )2.(2023雅安)—Mr.Brown, I find   ⁠ hard to learn English well. —Come on! Practice makes perfect. A．that B．it C．this D．its B ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) I want to buy a car.Lucy's car looks beautiful.  3 ⁠ is made in Japan.Cars made in Germany are more expensive than   4 ⁠ made in Japan.But German   5 ⁠ seem safer.So I decide to buy a German   6 ⁠． (　A　)3.A.It B．This C．One (　C　)4.A.these B．ones C．those (　B　)5.A.those B．ones C．these (　A　)6.A.one B．that C．it A C B A ⁠ ⁠疑问代词 疑问代词通常在听力/听说和阅读中考查，考生们要明白每个疑问代词问的是什么。 what “什么”，对具体内容提问，可以用于询问职业、外貌等 ①What do you like? ②What is your father？ which “哪一个/哪一些”，对特定范围内的人或物提问 Which is better, this one or that one？ who “谁”，对主语、宾语或表语的人提问，但不能放在介词后 Who is the man over there？ whom “谁”，对宾语提问，可以放在介词后 ①Whom did you write to last night? ②To whom did you write last night？ whose “谁的”，对所属关系提问，可以单独使用，也可以放在名词前 ①Whose is this book? ②Whose book is this？ Tip：what/which后可跟名词，对姓名、颜色、时间等进行提问。如： ①What color do you like？ ②Which season is your favorite? 根据问句选择适当的答语。 (　C　)1.What did the boys do at the zoo？ (　A　)2.Who will come to visit John? (　B　)3.Whose is this basketball？ (　D　)4.Which program does the woman like? A．His brother. B．Perhaps it's our English teacher's. C．They took photos. D．Around the World. C A B D ⁠ ⁠不定代词 1．几组普通不定代词的区别 (1)some和any some 一般用于肯定句，或在一些表示建议、请求、邀请的疑问句中，希望对方作出肯定回答时使用 ①There aren't any desks in the classroom, but there are some chairs in it. ②If I can help in any way, ⁠let me know. any 一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，或在肯定句中表示“任何一个”，后跟单数可数名词或不可数名词 (2)many和much many 许多，修饰或指代可数名词复数 I have many friends, but I can't find out much information about them. much 许多，修饰或指代不可数名词 (3)few, a few, little和a little few 几乎没，强调“没”，修饰可数名词 ①There is a little beef but few tomatoes in the fridge. ②I had little information about him for a few years. a few 有一些，强调“有”，修饰可数名词 little 几乎没，强调“没”，修饰不可数名词 a little 有一点，强调“有”，修饰不可数名词 (4)all, both, either和neither all 指三者或三者以上都 ①As the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, Beijing provided all the competitors with excellent service. ②You can choose one dress.Either of them is OK.But I think neither of them is/are in fashion. both 两者都，修饰或指代可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数 either 两者之一，修饰或指代可数名词单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。常用either... or... neither 两者都不，修饰或指代可数名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数(也可用复数)。常用neither... nor... Tip：all, both与not连用时，表示部分否定，意为 “并非全部”， “并非两个都”。如： Not all people agree with me.并不是所有人都赞同我。 (5)each和every each 强调个体，指两者或两者以上中的每一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，可与of连用 Each of us has an apple.＝We each have an apple. every 强调整体，指三者或三者以上中的每一个，不单独使用，不可与of连用 Every student is here. (6)none和no one none 既可指人也可指物，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，可与of连用。常用来回答how many/much的提问 No one works out the problems because none of them is/are easy. no one 只能指人，作主语时谓语动词用单数，相当于nobody。常用来回答who的提问 (7)another, other, the other, others和the others another ①指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，后接可数名词单数(有时该名词可省略) ②another＋数词＋可数名词复数，“还有……” ①Can you show me another (pen)？I don't like this one. ②I've got another four questions to answer. other 指“其他的；别的”，后可接名词单数或复数 Some students are reading.Other students are doing homework. the other ①指两者中的“另一个”，常用结构为one... the other... ②特指“其他的；别的”，后可接名词单数或复数，一般有范围(如有具体数字时) ①I have two pens.One is red, and the other is blue. ②There are 60 students in my class.30 are girls, and the other students are boys. others others＝other＋名词复数：泛指“其他的；别的(人或物)”，后不能接名词 I can lend you my bike, but you can't lend it to others. the others the others＝the other＋名词复数：特指“其他的；别的(人或物)”，后不能接名词，一般有范围(如有具体数字时) He has five children.Two of them are middle school students.The others are primary school students. 2.复合不定代词 (1)构成 ­thing something, anything, nothing, everything Tip: somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere为副词 ­body somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody ­one someone, anyone, no one, everyone (2)用法 不定代词＋形容词 There is something interesting in the book. 不定代词作主语＋单数谓语 Someone is knocking at the door. 不定代词＋to do Would you like something to drink？ everyone, anyone只能指人，不与of连用； every one, any one可指人，也可指物，可与of连用 Everyone in our class wants to go to the zoo, but every one of the students in your class wants to play football. ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　B　)1.(2023宿迁)—Sandy is tidy. —Exactly.  ⁠ in her room is in good order. A．Something B．Everything C．Nothing D．None B ( D )2.(2023抚顺)—Bob, what's your dream job, a doctor or a teacher? —  ⁠.I want to be a policeman. A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither D ( A )3.(2023长春)  ⁠ of my parents can swim.They are going to learn it this summer. A．Neither B．Either C．All D．None A ( B )4.(2023无锡)—You've been so quiet today, Tom.Talk to me.Say something.  ⁠！ —What am I supposed to say after all this? Just leave me alone! A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing B ( C )5.(2023营口)Daming is happy today because he helped   ⁠ look for a set of keys on his way home. A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody C ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空) nothing　something　all　both　neither Failure has been a part of life since our earliest moments of life.We often think of failure as 6. 　something 　 ⁠ bad.But failure is a normal and natural part of life, which is 7. 　neither 　 ⁠ bad nor good.Though not 8. 　all 　 ⁠ the effort will be successful, we should never stop trying. something 　 neither 　 all 　 ⁠ ⁠语法点针对训练 一、语法选择 (2023聊城改编)Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher.She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of   1 ⁠． “It is   2 ⁠ greatest happiness to care for them，” said 49­year­old Xie.She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for nearly 30 years.She will work there for   3 ⁠ ten years. (　B　)1.A.they B．them C．their (　C　)2.A.I B．me C．my (　A　)3.A.another B．other C．others B C A Xie knows the difference between special education and general education.She takes care of each student according to   4 ⁠ physical conditions.She used to help carry a student to   5 ⁠ places, such as restrooms, the dining hall and the classroom, for nine years until the student graduated from the school. (　C　)4.A.theirs B．them C．their (　A　)5.A.all B．both C．none C A In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation(康复) centre and Xie worked harder.To make sure   6 ⁠ received the best training, she made special plans for them.She began to teach them patiently the basic skills of taking care of   7 ⁠．She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems.Something   8 ⁠ often wrong with her throat. (　B　)6.A.somebody B．everybody C．nobody (　C　)7.A.they B．them C．themselves (　B　)8.A.be B．was C．were B C B In 2015, the school started offering door­to­door education to students with physical problems.  9 ⁠ teachers have walked over 60，000 kilometres over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages. “Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students' progress, even just   10 ⁠ bit，” Xie said. (　A　)9.A.Some B．Any C．Much (　A　)10.A.a little B．few C．a few A A 二、短文填空 who everything few no all they another what neither he it both (2023雅安改编)On October 30, the farm of a family in the village of Switzerland burnt down.These buildings were about 300 years old.Unluckily, the family lost 1. 　them 　 ⁠ because of the fire. them 　 The next morning at the local public school, students were sad after hearing the terrible news.2. 　What 　 ⁠ could they do to help the poor family? They decided to do something.Robin Egger, a head teacher at the school, and 3. 　another 　 ⁠ teacher also wanted to work with the students to help the family. What 　 another 　 who everything few no all they another what neither he it both “Usually, the students make Christmas cards and sell the cards in town to make money.Then the money is used for their end­of­school trip，” Robin said.“However, this time, the students 4. 　neither 　 ⁠ spent the money on the school trip nor on themselves.They gave away 5. 　all 　 ⁠ the money to the family, because they lost 6. 　everything 　 ⁠ in the fire.” Robin was proud of 7. 　his 　 ⁠ students. neither 　 all 　 everything 　 his 　 who everything few no all they another what neither he it both Egger and these students also went to a 8. 　few 　 ⁠ local companies and asked for help.Luckily, a company would like to help.9. 　It 　 ⁠ also donated(捐赠) much money to the family. With the help of the teachers, the students and the company, the family started to rebuild their houses and buildings.Now the family who had 10. 　no 　 ⁠ home or farm because of the fire are doing “much better”． few 　 It 　 no 　 who everything few no all they another what neither he it both ⁠ ⁠中考题型训练 短文填空 hard depend money they tourist enjoy and last with since much popular (2023恩施州改编)Over the past ten years, great changes have taken place in many villages in China.Bacha Village in Heilongjiang Province is one of 1. 　them 　 ⁠.The people there have become rich 2. 　with 　 ⁠ the development of tourism. 2．with　with the development of随着……的发展。 them 　 with 　 You Mingfen, a 57­year­old local woman, opened a hotel in her own two­floor house.Her family also has a fishing boat.Her husband can use it to get fresh fish, which will be offered to guests from all over China.They are very 3. 　popular 　 ⁠ with the tourists. popular 　 hard depend money they tourist enjoy and last with since much popular “The busiest tourism season in Bacha 4. 　lasts 　 ⁠ from May to October, which can bring us more than 50，000 yuan a year，” she said. “In winter, we can stay in a warm room and 5. 　enjoy 　 ⁠ the free time.It was impossible in the past.At that time, we almost 6. 　depended 　 ⁠ on fishing for a living.” 4．lasts　分析句子成分可知空处应填动词，结合可选词及空后的“from May to October”可知此处表示“持续”。 lasts 　 enjoy 　 depended 　 hard depend money they tourist enjoy and last with since much popular Since 2016, tourism in Bacha Village has developed quickly.Last year, more than 60，000 7. 　tourists 　 ⁠ came here.Now, the roads are wider, the houses are brighter and the living conditions are 8. 　more 　 ⁠ comfortable. 8．more　根据空格前面的wider和brighter可知此处应是形容词比较级。 tourists 　 more 　 hard depend money they tourist enjoy and last with since much popular Thanks to the government, villagers get more ways to make 9. 　money 　 ⁠.Many young people who work far away come back 10. 　and 　 ⁠ work in their own hometown.They can not only care for their families but also build their hometown. 9．money　make money赚钱。 短文大意：本文以黑龙江八岔村为例，介绍了在中国好政策的指导下，社会发展、人民致富的繁荣景象。 money 　 and 　 hard depend money they tourist enjoy and last with since much popular $$