2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件---介词课件

介词 (语法选择：每年必考，1分；短文填空：每年必考，1.5分) ①On a Saturday morning ②in November, my parents left home to meet my uncle ③at the airport.They went there ④ 　by ⁠ car.My mother thought it was not safe ⑤ 　for ⁠ me to stay at home alone, so she locked the door and asked me not to open it until they came back. However, it wasn't long before someone knocked ⑥ 　at/on ⁠ the door.I looked ⑦through the peep hole(窥孔) and saw a stranger.I was afraid but I told myself to be brave.Two hours later, my parents came back.After seeing my parents, the stranger said, “I have been waiting outside the door ⑧ 　for ⁠ two hours.” Oh, the stranger was my uncle.Why had my uncle changed so much? by for at/on for Step 1 根据上下文填入适当的介词 Step 2 中考对于介词的考查主要集中在以下几类 (1)表示时间的介词(①②⑧) (2)表示地点与位置的介词(③) (3)表示方式、手段或工具的介词(④⑦) (4)其他常见介词(⑤) (5)介词的固定搭配(⑥) ⁠ ⁠表示时间的介词 1．at, on和in的区别 at 多用于时间点 at 9 o'clock; at noon on (1)表示具体某天； (2)用于具体某天的上午、下午、晚上以及其前有形容词修饰的上午、下午、晚上 on May 1st; on a cold night in 多用于时间段。后接上午、下午、晚上以及月、年、季节、世纪等较长的一段时间 in 1989; in the eighteenth century; in spring; in his twenties; in the morning 2.before, after和in的区别 before 表示“在……以前”，其后常接时间点 before five o'clock; before Friday after 表示“在……以后”，其后接时间点时，可和一般过去时或一般将来时连用；其后接时间段时，常和一般过去时连用 ①She will come after Sunday. ②She came back after a week. in 表示“在……以后”，其后接时间段，常和一般将来时连用 She will be back in two weeks/months/years. 3.since, for和from的区别 since & for since表示“自从……以来”，后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子；for表示“持续一段时间”，后接时间段。两者常与完成时连用 I have been in China since last year(时间点).＝I have been in China for one year(时间段). from 常用结构from... to...，表示“从……到……”，不能用于现在完成时 I go to school from Monday to Friday. Tip：since后可接过去时的句子，此时since是连词。如：He has stayed in this school since he came here. 4．其他表示时间的介词 during “在……期间”，表示在一段时间内或某一项活动中 during the winter holiday by “不迟于”，后常接时间点，表示动作的完成 ①by＋将来的时间点，谓语动词用一般将来时 ②by＋过去的时间点，谓语动词用过去完成时 ①By this time next week we'll be in New York. ②I had finished all my homework by the end of last weekend. until/till “直到……为止”，在肯定句中谓语动词用延续性动词；not...until/till“直到……才”，在否定句中谓语动词用非延续性动词 ①I'll stay here till 11 o'clock. ②We didn't leave until the very end. ►►先练基础——单句训练 since　at　on　for　during　in　by 1． 　On 　 ⁠ a cold morning, I opened the window and was glad to find that it was snowing outside. 2．(2023绍兴)Tom made lots of friends  　during 　 ⁠ his life as a student. On 　 during 　 3．We've lived here  　since 　 ⁠ 2004. 4．We will say goodbye to our junior high  　in 　 ⁠ about 40 days.How time flies! 5．He has learned French  　for 　 ⁠ only one year, but he can speak it well. since 　 in 　 for 　 since　at　on　for　during　in　by ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.  6 ⁠ the year 105, because of Cai Lun's paper­making skill, a lot of paper began to be produced in China.In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used   7 ⁠ the year 1400.Paper was not made in southern Europe   8 ⁠ about the year 1100.  9 ⁠ that, countries like Canada, Finland and the United States became the most important countries in paper­making. (　A　)6.A.In B．At C．On (　A　)7.A.before B．by C．for (　B　)8.A.at B．until C．since (　C　)9.A.Since B．For C．After A A B C ⁠ ⁠表示地点与位置的介词 1．in和at表示地点时的区别 in＋大地方，如：in Guangzhou, China；at＋小地方，如：at home; at the airport Tips：(1)表示并列地点时，地点由小到大。 (2)at还可以表示“在……旁边”，如：sit at the table。 2．in, on和to表示相对位置时的区别 如：①Haikou is in the south of China.②Canada lies on the north of the US.③China is to the west of Japan. 3．across, through, over和past表示运动方向时的区别 across 指从表面横穿 The old man went across the road carefully. ⁠ ⁠ through 指从中间穿过 The thief got into the house through the window. over 指从上方通过 Look! A bird is flying over the tall building. past 指从旁边经过 He hurried past them without stopping. 4.on, over, above, below和under的区别 介词和用法 拓展 强调“正上方” ⁠ ⁠ over和above均可表示“超过，多于”，above多用于数量、年龄、温度等情况，如：Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight. below还可以表示“(数量)少于；(标准)低于”，如：The temperatures remained below freezing all day. under还可以表示“少于；小于；比……年轻”。如：Nobody under 18 is allowed to enter the competition. 5.between和among的区别 between “在……中间”，一般指两者之间，常与and连用 There is a playground between the two buildings. among “在……之间”，一般用于三者或三者以上 His house is hidden among the trees. 6.in front of 与in the front of 的区别 in front of 指在物体外部的前面 There is a tall tree in front of my house.(树在屋外) in the front of 指在物体内的前部 There's a desk in the front of the classroom.(桌子在教室里面) 7.by, beside和near的区别 by “在……旁边”，比near更近 a house by the river beside “在旁边(或附近)”，相当于next to He sat beside her. near “在……附近；靠近”，可表示时间、空间等 Do you live near here？ 8.其他表示方位的介词 behind 在……后面 Lily is standing behind Jane. along 沿着 Walk along the street. against 倚；紧靠；碰；撞 The rain beat against the windows. opposite/across from 在……对面 The bank is opposite the supermarket. around/round 围绕；环绕 He put his arms around her. Tips： (1)区别in the wall与on the wall in the wall指在墙里面，on the wall指在墙面上。如： There is a window in the wall and a beautiful picture is hung on the wall．墙上有扇窗户，并且墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。(窗户在墙里面，画在墙的表面) (2)区别in the tree与on the tree in the tree指在树上的外来物，on the tree指树本身长出的果实等。如： Tom put his bag in the apple tree and then he picked the apples on the tree．汤姆把书包挂在了苹果树上，然后摘了树上的苹果。(书包是外来物，而苹果是树本身长出来的) ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　B　)1.(2023内江改编)The library is   ⁠ our school.To get there, we just need to cross the street. A．in front of B．opposite C．between D．past B ( D )2.—A model plane is   ⁠ the tree.Let's get it down. —Look! The apples   ⁠ the tree are really red. A．on; on B．in; in C．on; in D．in; on D ( B )3.Vincent sometimes sits   ⁠ the river and listens to music. A．on B．by C．over D．under B ( C )4.(2023日照改编)Another bridge is going to be built   ⁠ the river this year. A．past B．through C．across D．under C ( A )5.(2023济宁改编)—Is your home   ⁠ our school? —No, it's far away. A．near B．along C．against D．above A ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空) around　over　against　among　on　between About half of the world's 10，000 kinds of birds migrate(迁徙).6. 　Among 　 ⁠ them, the most famous are Arctic terns(北极燕鸥).They travel 7. 　between 　 ⁠ the north pole and the south pole.Their two­way trip is 8. 　over 　 ⁠ 90，000 kilometers.That's to fly 9. 　around 　 ⁠ Earth twice.This could be the world's longest migration of any animal. Among 　 between 　 over 　 around 　 ⁠ ⁠表示方式、手段或工具的介词 1．in, with, by, on和through表示“用”的区别 in 后接表示语言、颜色、材料等的名词，且in和后面的名词之间一般没有其他词 in English; in ink(用墨水); color the cloth in red(把布染红) with 后接表示具体的手段与工具等的名词，且with与后面的名词之间一般有其他词或用名词复数 He hit my window with a stone.(with和stone中间有冠词a) by 表示用某种方式或手段，接名词时其前不加冠词，接动词时用­ing形式 by hand; make a living by fishing(打鱼谋生) on 表示用网络、电器等 talk on the phone; search on the Internet through 表示“通过；凭借” He became rich through hard work. 2.表示交通方式的介词 一般情况下用“by＋表示交通工具的单数名词”来表示“乘坐/骑……”。如果介词与表示交通工具的名词间有限定词，则介词不能用by, 要用相应的in或者on。具体如下： by bus＝on/in...bus by bike＝on...bike by plane＝in/on... plane by train＝on/in... train by ship＝on... ship by boat＝on... boat(船较大)/in... boat by car＝in... car by subway＝on... subway (　B　)1.More and more people in our city choose to go to work   ⁠ underground. A．in B．by C．with D．through B ( D )2.—How do you relax in your free time? —  ⁠ doing sports and listening to music. A．At B．On C．In D．By D ( A )3.(2023新疆改编)It is good table manners to pick up food   ⁠ serving chopsticks. A．with B．in C．by D．on A ( B )4.This story is   ⁠ simple English.My little sister can read it. A．on B．in C．with D．by B ⁠ ⁠其他常见介词的用法 1．of和for的常用句型 It's＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 当形容词用来修饰人时用of It's very nice of you to help me. It's＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 当形容词用来修饰不定式时用for It's very hard for him to study two languages. Tip：of指“关于；……的”，表示所属；for指“为了；给……；对……(而言)”，表示目的、对象、原因等 2．against和for against 表示“反对；与……相反；违反” Are you for or against the plan? 你赞成还是反对这个计划？ for 表示“赞成” 3.with和 without with 表示“和……一起；具有……” China is a country with a long history. without 表示“没有”，与with 相反 Fish will die without water. 4.besides, except和but的区别 besides 指“除……外(还)”，表示加的概念 We have lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。 except 指“整体中除去一部分”，表示减的概念 We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.除了星期六和星期天，我们天天要上学。 but 表示“除……之外”，常用于固定搭配nothing but或nobody but There's nobody but Tom in the classroom.除了汤姆，教室里没有人。 5.其他介词 like 相似；像……一样；例如 He ran like the wind. as 作为；以……身份 work as an engineer about 关于；大约 The film is about friendship. including 包括……在内 Six people were killed, including a kid. toward(s) 朝；向；对着；关于 She had her back towards me. from 来自；出自(表示来源) I'm from Italy. against toward include of except like for 1．(2023眉山改编)I'm crazy about folk stories  　like 　 ⁠ Yu Gong Moves the Mountains and Hou Yi Shoots the Suns. 2．(2023广安改编)Deng Yaping has won many competitions,  　including 　 ⁠ four gold medals in the Olympics. like 　 including 　 3．(2023浙江)It is our duty to protect the forest  　against 　 ⁠ fires. 4．All the students have gone to the science museum  　except 　 ⁠ Tom, because he is ill. 5．It's very kind  　of 　 ⁠ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags. against 　 except 　 of 　 against toward include of except like for ( A )6.—Ms.Huang, what would you like   ⁠ your afternoon tea? —Just a cup of coffee   ⁠ any sugar or milk. A．for; without B．to; without C．for; with D．to; with A ⁠ ⁠介词的固定搭配 in短语 in public当众 in surprise惊讶地 in danger处于危险中 in time及时 in fact事实上 in trouble处于困境中 in silence沉默地 in doubt怀疑 in common共同的 in half分成两半 in peace和平地 in person亲自 in turn轮流 in total总共 in return作为回报 in order秩序井然 in agreement意见一致 in need of需要 in a word总之 in the end最后 in a hurry/rush匆忙地 in one's opinion依某人看 in this way用这种方式 in the face of面对(困难、问题等) on短语 on purpose故意地 on foot步行 on duty值日；值班 on fire着火 on time准时 on sale廉价出售；待售 on business出差 on show在展览 on holiday/vacation在度假 on the other hand另一方面 on one's own独自 on the phone在通话 at短语 at work在工作 at present目前 at times偶尔；有时 at the same time同时 at least至少 at last最后 at most至多 at once立刻 at first首先 at home在家 at the age of在……岁时 at the moment现在 at a high/low price以高/低价 插入语 after all毕竟 above all首先 as usual像往常一样 for example例如 of course当然 in the first place首先 all in all总之 as a result结果是 as a matter of fact事实上 by the way顺便问一下 as you know如你所知 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是 to be honest/to tell the truth说实话 其他短语 thanks to多亏 because of因为 instead of代替 according to根据 rather than而不是 by chance偶然地 the same as和……一样 as for至于 from then on从那时起 with the help of在……的帮助下 ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　D　)1.Our school provides so many colourful after­school activities on Fridays, but each student can only choose   ⁠ two activities. A．at first B．at last C．at least D．at most D ( D )2.Poems influence people a lot.  ⁠， the poems of Bai Juyi are still meaningful today. A．In the end B．From now on C．After all D．For example D ( A )3.He takes pride   ⁠ his children's achievements. A．in B．of C．at D．on A ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空)(2023烟台改编) on　than　at　to　for　of　with A survey shows that the number of lonely adults is increasing.According 4. 　to 　 ⁠ recent research, loneliness can have harmful effects on health.So if you feel lonely 5. 　at 　 ⁠ times, be sure to care about it.Here is some advice for you to avoid being lonely.Volunteering is good 6. 　for 　 ⁠ both body and mind.It gives you the chance to communicate 7. 　with 　 ⁠ people.Besides, instead 8. 　of 　 ⁠ just meeting together, carry it out with an exact date and a careful plan. to 　 at 　 for 　 with 　 of 　 ⁠ ⁠语法点针对训练 一、语法选择 A big fire broke out.A rich lady was walking through the crowd of people hurriedly, trying to save a box   1 ⁠ the fire.She met a little boy in the street   2 ⁠ running out of the fire.She said to him, “Take this box, my boy, and do not part with it until I see you again. (　C　)1.A.against B．near C．from (　B　)2.A.until B．after C．before C B In return, I will give you some money.” The boy took the box, and the lady turned back to search   3 ⁠ something else.Just then more people came rushing   4 ⁠ the lady and the boy, and they couldn't see each other. (　B　)3.A.by B．for C．at (　C　)4.A.behind B．among C．between B C That night, the lady lived in a friend's home outside the city.The next day she looked for the boy everywhere, but she couldn't hear anything   5 ⁠ him.There were some very important letters and all her treasures   6 ⁠ the box.She thought she had lost them! (　A　)5.A.about B．of C．with (　B　)6.A.under B．in C．on A B But on the following night, someone found the boy lying on the ground with the box at a corner.He had been there for a long time   7 ⁠ food.The boy was almost dead with hunger, but he never thought   8 ⁠ leaving the box. (　A　)7.A.without B．like C．over (　C　)8.A.above B．for C．of A C The lady was thankful   9 ⁠ the boy.She was going to give him some money, but he refused.The lady trusted him, and he wouldn't let her down.It is the spirit that turns the boy   10 ⁠ a hero. (　C　)9.A.in B．with C．to (　A　)10.A.into B．from C．across C A 二、短文填空 (2023兰州改编)Pandas are very popular in China.People around the world like this black and white animal very much, too.Ya Ya is 1. 　among 　 ⁠ them.Now let's know more about Ya Ya. among 　 on with before as at among of after since for to until When Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo, she weighed about 0.14 kilos.She was taken to the Memphis Zoo in Tennessee in 2003.But there was something wrong 2. 　with 　 ⁠ her fur(毛) in 2006.Her health condition has become worse 3. 　since 　 ⁠ 2014.Experts tried many ways but couldn't solve the problems.On April 27, 2023, Ya Ya returned to China 4. 　after 　 ⁠ staying for 20 years in America.The panda stayed in Shanghai Zoo 5. 　before 　 ⁠ moving to Beijing.On May 29, Ya Ya arrived 6  at ⁠ its home, the Beijing Zoo. with 　 since 　 after 　 before 　 at on with before as at among of after since for to until The Beijing Zoo has prepared a special feeding place for Ya Ya as well 7. 　as 　 ⁠ feeding plans, care and medical support.As she needs to rest and get used to the new environment, she will not be visited 8. 　for 　 ⁠ a short period of time.The zoo will tell the public about Ya Ya's health condition 9. 　on 　 ⁠ the Internet. A lot of people pay much attention 10. 　to 　 ⁠ Ya Ya.They hope she will get better soon. as 　 for 　 on 　 to 　 on with before as at among of after since for to until ⁠ ⁠中考题型训练 语法选择(2023绥化改编) Jenny was a nurse in a children's hospital.One evening a big dance   1 ⁠ in the hospital.Most of the doctors and nurses would be there,   2 ⁠ of course some had to look after the children. (　A　)1.A.was held B．held C．is held (　C　)2.A.or B．so C．but 2．C　“大多数医生和护士可以参加舞会”与“当然有些人得照顾孩子”之间是转折关系。 A C Jenny was not among the lucky ones who were invited   3 ⁠ to the dance.She enjoyed dancing very much, so when she had to start working that evening while her friends   4 ⁠ ready to go to the dance, she felt very sorry for herself. (　A　)3.A.to go B．going C．go 3．A　be invited to do sth.被邀请做某事。 (　B　)4.A.get B．were getting C．will get A B She went to each sick   5 ⁠ one by one and said good night.She came to a little boy called Tommy in the end.Tommy was only 11 years old, but he already talked like   6 ⁠ adult. (　B　)5.A.children B．child C．child's 5．B　each后跟可数名词单数。 (　C　)6.A./ B．a C．an B C Poor Tommy had a very serious illness, and now he could hardly move any part of his body   7 ⁠ his hands.But he was happy and thought about others instead of   8 ⁠ all the time. (　C　)7.A.by B．besides C．except 7．C　此处指除了他的手其他地方几乎都动不了。 (　A　)8.A.himself B．he C．his C A When Jenny came up to his bed, he said, “I'm sorry that you miss the dance because of us.But we are going to have a pay for you.  9 ⁠ you look in my drawer(抽屉), you'll find a piece of cake.I saved it from my supper today, so it's pretty fresh.” “I'd get up and dance with you if I could，” he added. Suddenly the hospital dance seemed very far away and not at all   10 ⁠ to Jenny. (　B　)9.A.Before B．If C．Since (　C　)10.A.importantly B．importance C．important 10．C　此处用形容词important作seemed的表语，表示看起来没那么重要。 B C 短文大意：本文叙述了珍妮是一个儿童医院的护士，医院里要举行舞会，但珍妮因为要照顾孩子而不能参加。她很喜欢跳舞，所以有些难过。但是一个生病的孩子特意给珍妮准备了一块蛋糕，使她不那么看重舞会了。 $$