2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件---句子种类和简单句课件

句子种类和简单句 (语法选择：高频考点，1分；短文填空：2018.73) ⁠ ⁠句子种类 ①A man was sitting in a doctor's office．He looked sleepy. “② 　Help ⁠(Help/To help) me, please, Doctor，” he said to the doctor.“I like football very much.But now I find myself unable to sleep.There is always a ball running in front of my eyes.③ 　What ⁠(What/How) can I do? My family are all worried.” The doctor said, “④ 　How ⁠(What/How) poor you are! I give you a suggestion.⑤Try to think about something else.” “No，” the man shouted.“I'll miss the ball！” Help What How Step 1 根据上下文在括号内选择正确的单词填空 Step 2 句子按说话目的可以分成四类 (1)陈述句——陈述一个事实或表明一个看法等(如句子①)； (2)疑问句——提出问题，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句(如句子③)、选择疑问句和反意疑问句(课标不做要求)； (3)祈使句——提出命令、 请求等(如句子②和⑤)； (4)感叹句——表示赞美、 惊异等情绪(如句子④)。 1．特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句，用来对句中某一特殊部分提问，不用yes或no回答，而是根据实际情况用词、短语或完整的句子回答。常见特殊疑问词(组)如下： 疑问词(组) 含义与用法 例子 what “什么”，问具体内容 What is in the bag？ which “哪一个/哪一些”，问范围内的选择 Which sport do you like, basketball or tennis？ why “为什么”，问原因，回答用because Why are you here？ where “哪里”，问地点 Where is your father？ 疑问词(组) 含义与用法 例子 when/what time “什么时候”，问时间 ①When shall we meet? ②What time did you get here？ how “怎么；怎么样”，问方式、程度，问方式时，用by回答 ①How do you go to work? ②How do you like it？ how many “多少”，后接可数名词复数，问数量 How many pencils do you have？ how much “多少”，后接不可数名词，问数量； “多少钱”，问价钱 ①How much water is in the bottle? ②How much does the sweater cost？ how old “多大”，问年龄 How old are you？ how long “多长”，问某个物体的长度； “多久”，问时间长度 ①How long is the ruler? ②How long does it take to get there？ how far “多远”，问两地之间的距离 How far is it from here to the radio station？ how often “多久一次”，问频率 How often do you walk your dog？ how soon “多久”，对“in＋一段时间”提问，常与一般将来时连用 How soon will you get here？ 2.感叹句 感叹句用来表达强烈的感情，句末多用 “！”。句子结构如下： 疑问词(组) 含义与用法 例子 what “什么”，问具体内容 What is in the bag？ which “哪一个/哪一些”，问范围内的选择 Which sport do you like, basketball or tennis？ why “为什么”，问原因，回答用because Why are you here？ where “哪里”，问地点 Where is your father？ Tip：What和How的选用技巧 去掉主谓，余下部分有名词则用What；无名词则用How。 3．祈使句 祈使句是指用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。祈使句一般省略主语you，以动词原形开头，且在朗读此类句子时要用降调。 句式 肯定结构 否定结构 回答 Do型：动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他 Open the door！开门！ Don't/Never do that again！不要再那样做了！ 肯定结构： Yes./OK, I will. 否定结构： Sorry./No, I won't (do it again). Be型：Be 动词＋表语(名词/形容词)＋其他 Be a good girl！要做一个好女孩！ Don't/Never be late again! 别再迟到了！ No型：No＋名词/动名词 / No photos！禁止拍照！ No swimming! 禁止游泳！ 句式 肯定结构 否定结构 回答 Let型：Let sb.do sth. Let me help you.让我来帮你。 Don't let him go！/Let him not go！别让他走！/让他别走！ 肯定结构：Good idea./OK./Yes, I'd love to. 否定结构：Sorry./No, I won't (do it again). Tip: “祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(表结果)”结构，可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如：Work hard, and you will find it not difficult to learn.＝If you work hard, you will find it not difficult to learn.努力学习，你就会发现学习并不难。 反意疑问句虽然不是课标要求掌握的内容，但是经常会在广东中考的听力/听说或者阅读中出现。 定义 在陈述部分后附加一个问句，对陈述部分所叙述的事实或观点提出疑问 构成 陈述部分＋附加问句，并用逗号隔开，须遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则 (2023·广东短文填空节选)It sounds fantastic, doesn't it？它听起来很好，不是吗？ 回答 Yes＋肯定内容/No＋否定内容 (1)陈述部分为肯定句，答语中“Yes”译为“是”，“No”译为“不是” —You live here, don't you？你住在这里，不是吗？ —Yes, I do./No, I don't.是的，我住在这里。/不是，我不住在这里。 (2)陈述部分为否定句，答语中“Yes”译为“不是”，“No”译为“是” —You don't live here, do you？你不住在这里，是吗？ —Yes, I do./No, I don't.不，我住在这里。/是，我不住在这里。 ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　A　)1.(2023北京)—  ⁠ do you tidy your own room? —Twice a week. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long A ( D )2.(2023宿迁)—China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships. —  ⁠ exciting news! A．What a B．How a C．How D．What D ( C )3.(2023丹东)David, go to bed early,   ⁠ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow. A．and B．unless C．or D．but C ( D )4.(2023雅安)—Look at Panda Ya Ya!   ⁠ happy she is! —Yes.There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How D ( C )5.(2023长春)—Which season do you like better in Changchun, winter or autumn? —  ⁠.I like playing with snow. A．Yes, I do B．No, I don't C．Winter D．Autumn C ( D )6.(2023无锡)  ⁠ is your hometown? I can't find it anywhere on the map. A．What B．Which C．When D．Where D ( A )7.(2023长春)  ⁠ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep. A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend D．Spent A 8．(2023广州)他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么精彩的项目啊！ They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. 　What a wonderful 　 ⁠ project it is! What a wonderful 　 ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) Do you enjoy hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and chips? If your answers are “yes”， please   9 ⁠ care.They are junk food, which has lots of fat, salt and sugar, but few nutrients(营养).  10 ⁠ terrible! Most scientists say junk food is unhealthy.  11 ⁠ do they say so? First, it is cheap to make.Second, it is quick and easy for people to eat.Third, most junk food has food additives(添加剂).It's OK to have junk food sometimes.  12 ⁠ can you have it? At most once a week. (　B　)9.A.taking B．take C．to take (　C　)10.A.What B．What a C．How (　C　)11.A.Which B．Who C．Why (　A　)12.A.How often B．How much C．How many B C C A ⁠ ⁠ There be句型(存现句) There be句型，又叫存现句，表示“某地有某人/事物”，强调存在。there没有意义，be动词后的名词(短语)是句子的主语。be动词的数与主语一致，出现并列主语时，必须和邻近的主语一致。 1．There be句型的时态 时态 There be句型 例句 一般现在时 There is/are... There are fifty students in our class. 一般过去时 There was/were... There was a monster in the village long long ago. 一般将来时 There will be... There is going to be... There is going to be a match this afternoon. There will be a wonderful concert this weekend. 2.There be句型的变式 there be结构中的be动词前可用seem to, happen to, used to或情态动词；be动词也可用live, stand, lie 等替换。如： There used to be many houses here.过去这里有很多房子。 There must be something wrong with the computer.这台电脑一定出问题了。 Long long ago there lived a king.很久很久以前有一个国王。 3．“There be＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间状语”的用法 此结构表示“有某人正在做某事”。如： There are several children swimming in the swimming pool.游泳池里有几个孩子正在游泳。 Tip：There be句型和have的用法区别 There be句型表示“存在”，指某地有某物/某人；have表示“拥有”，指某人有某物。有时There be句型可与have句型相互转换。如： Our school has 62 classes.＝There are 62 classes in our school.我们学校有六十二个班级。 ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　C　)1.(2023宿迁)—There   ⁠ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room. — Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon? A．is B．was C．are D．were C ( A )2.(2023白银)There   ⁠ a big tree behind the shop.You can see many birds in it. A．is B．are C．was D．were A 3．(2023无锡)There  　will be 　 ⁠ (be) at least six underground lines in Wuxi in five years' time. 4．Look! There are many people  　walking 　 ⁠(walk) in the park now. will be 　 walking 　 ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) What do you do when you begin to read an English newspaper? You'd better know how many sections(专栏) there  　5 　 ⁠．Usually there  　6 　 ⁠ news, business, science, lifestyle, sports, and cartoons.You can choose your favorite part to read carefully. (　B　)5.A.is B．are C．were (　A　)6.A.is B．was C．are B A ⁠ ⁠语法点针对训练 语法选择 (2023牡丹江改编)There was a little boy living in a city with his parents.Every summer holiday, the parents would take their son to visit his grandparents.And the boy loved to stay with them.  1 ⁠ did his grandparents live? They lived far away in another city. (　B　)1.A.How B．Where C．When B Year by year, the boy grew up.One day, he said to his parents, “Now, I am big enough.This holiday, I can go to my grandparents' house alone.Please   2 ⁠ me go by myself.” (　A　)2.A.let B．letting C．to let A The parents said yes, but they were worried about him.So they taught him everything he needed to know to travel alone. The day came when the boy was to leave for his grandparents' house.His parents came to the train station to see him off.While waiting, the boy's father handed him a letter and said, “Son,   3 ⁠ this letter and read it when you feel afraid on the way, and you will calm down.” (　B　)3.A.opens B．open C．opening B The train began to move.  4 ⁠ excited the boy was! There   5 ⁠ a big man on the train sitting next to the boy.The boy was a little scared.  6 ⁠ should he do? Suddenly the boy remembered his father's letter. (　C　)4.A.What B．What a C．How (　B　)5.A.is B．was C．were (　A　)6.A.What B．Who C．Why C B A He opened the letter, “  7 ⁠ afraid.I am here with you on this train.” Just after reading the letter, all his fear was gone.  8 ⁠ magical letter! (　C　)7.A.Not be B．Not be C．Don't be (　B　)8.A.How B．What a C．What an C B In fact, life is like that.When we do something alone, we needn't be sad or afraid.There   9 ⁠ always some people with us on the journey, like our parents and friends.Just   10 ⁠ whatever we want and remember we are actually not alone. (　B　)9.A.is B．are C．were (　A　)10.A.do B．doing C．to do B A ⁠ ⁠中考题型训练 语法选择 (2023陕西改编)Dear Helen Keller, My name is Amelia Grant.I was born in a small city.There   1 ⁠ an oil factory near my home when I was a little girl.  2 ⁠ the age of eight, something terrible happened while I was playing near an oil well(井).It made me lose most of my hearing. (　C　)1.A.will be B．are C．was 1．C　根据时间状语“when I was a little girl.”可知应使用there be句型的一般过去时，故选C。 (　A　)2.A.At B．In C．On 2．A　at the age of在……岁的时候。 C A A lot has changed for me since then.For one thing, I cannot hear music like before.I used to love listening to my mother sing songs, but I could never again hear my mother sing.  3 ⁠ sad I was! But now I put my ear to her chest(胸)   4 ⁠ the vibrations(震动) of her voice.Now, I feel music instead of hearing it. (　B　)3.A.What B．How C．What a 3．B　对形容词sad进行感叹应用how引导，故选B。 (　B　)4.A.feel B．to feel C．feeling 4．B　根据“Now, I feel music instead of hearing it.”可知，把耳朵贴在胸前的目的是感受妈妈的声音震动，故选B。 B B Also, I have to go to   5 ⁠ different school in another city — Texas School for the Deaf.It is over 300 kilometers   6 ⁠ away from my hometown.The teachers there are kind,   7 ⁠ I can only see my parents during holidays.I miss them very much. (　A　)5.A.a B．an C．the (　A　)6.A.far B．farther C．farthest (　C　)7.A.because B．if C．but 7．C　空格前后是转折关系，用but连接。 A A C During   8 ⁠ last winter holiday, my daddy gave me a book you wrote, The Story of My Life.From it, I learned a lot about you.When you first became deaf and blind, you had a harder time than me showing people   9 ⁠． (　C　)8.A.we B．us C．our (　B　)9.A.what do you want B．what you wanted C．what did you want 9．B　此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序。根据had可知，从句应用一般过去时，故选B。 C B Because of this, you would sometimes get mad and make loud noises.Now I know your feelings and I   10 ⁠ by your book.I'm going to write to you in a few days to tell you more. Yours, Amelia Grant (　A　)10.A.am encouraged B．will be encouraged C．am encouraging 10．A　根据“by your book”可知，此处用被动语态，结合Now可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。 短文大意：本文是Amelia写给Helen Keller的一封信，讲述了自己刚开始失去听力时很难过，后来上了一所聋哑学校，老师很善良，但是不能经常见到父母。在寒假的时候，看到了Helen的书而受到了鼓励。 A $$