2024年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件---数词课件

数词 (听力/听说：每年必考，2～3分) Mr.Smith has ① 　three ⁠(three) sons and John is the ② 　second ⁠(two) son.Yesterday was his ③ 　sixtieth ⁠(sixty) birthday, and he held a birthday party.Each of his sons bought a birthday cake for him.Mr.Smith thought the ④ 　third ⁠(three) was the most delicious. three second sixtieth third Step 1 根据上下文用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Step 2 明确数词的基本概念和句法功能 (1)数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词用于表示事物的数目，序数词用于表示事物的顺序。 (2)数词可以作主语(④)、定语(①②③)、表语和宾语等。 Step 3 常见基数词、序数词一览表 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 one first eleven eleventh twenty­one twenty­first two second twelve twelfth twenty­two twenty­second three third thirteen thirteenth thirty thirtieth four fourth fourteen fourteenth forty fortieth five fifth fifteen fifteenth one hundred one hundredth six sixth sixteen sixteenth two hundred and one two hundred and first seven seventh seventeen seventeenth eight eighth eighteen eighteenth one thousand one thousandth nine ninth nineteen nineteenth one million one millionth ten tenth twenty twentieth one billion one billionth 巧记：基变序，有规律，加上­th就可以；一二三，特殊记，词尾字母t, d, d；八减­t，九减­e，­f来把­ve替；若是遇到整十数，­ty变作­tie；若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以 ⁠ ⁠基数词和序数词的基本用法 1．基数词的基本用法 (1)基数词(＝1)＋单数可数名词；基数词(>1)＋复数可数名词 I have one sister and two brothers． (2)在“基数词＋piece/pair/box...of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中，量词的单复数由其前的基数词决定。基数词>1，量词用复数 one box of eggs; one piece of bread; two bottles of water; five pairs of shoes (3)基数词＋单数可数名词＝复合形容词，数词和名词之间用连字符连接 a seven­day holiday＝a seven days' holiday (4)表示“另外几个……”用“another＋大于1的基数词＋可数名词复数”或“大于1的基数词＋more＋可数名词复数” another two apples＝two more apples (5)具体数字/a few/some/many/...＋hundred/thousand/million＋复数名词 hundreds/thousands/millions of＋复数名词(表笼统数目) two thousand students; a few hundred miles; millions of people 2.序数词的基本用法 (1)序数词在句中作定语时，前面加the January is the first month of a year. (2)序数词前不用the的情况 其前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时 This is my second time to visit Shenzhen. 作副词时 finish the homework first; first of all; at first 比赛或考试的名次前可省略 He was (the) second in the exam. (3)表示“又一、再一”时，序数词前通常用不定冠词 I want to have a third try. ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　C　)1.(2023郴州)Dongjiang Lake is a good place to have fun and   ⁠ tourists go camping there in summer. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundreds of D．hundred of C ( A )2.(2023齐齐哈尔)—This will be my   ⁠ visit to the Sun Island.I'm really excited. —Really? I can't believe it.You've been in Harbin for a year. A．first B．second C．third D．fourth A ( A )3.(2023天水)—What's thirty and ten? —It's   ⁠. A．forty B．fifty C．seventy D．eighty A ( C )4.(2023凉山州)My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”．So I chose the   ⁠ floor to live on. A．nine B．eighth C．ninth D．eight C ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) Everybody in China knows Qin Shihuang.He is known as the  　5 　 ⁠ emperor of China during the Qin Dynasty.He was born in Hebei in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty.When he grew up, he became the king of the state of Qin.He spent ten years beating the other  　6 　 ⁠ states and united(统一) China for the first time. (　 　)5.A.ones B．first C．one (　 　)6.A.six B．sixth C．the six B A ⁠ ⁠基数词的读写(主要在听力/听说中考查) 类别 读写 例子 百位数 读法：在百位数后加and 204—two hundred and four 769—seven hundred and sixty­nine 千位及以上 写法(数字)：从右向左数，每三位数加一个逗号 读法：每三位一组，从右开始，第一个逗号读thousand，第二个逗号读million，第三个逗号读billion 1，909—one thousand, nine hundred and nine 2，721，305，240—two billion, seven hundred and twenty­one million, three hundred and five thousand, two hundred and forty ⁠ ⁠时刻的表达及读法 类别 读法 例子 时间 读法 整点 小时(＋o'clock) ⁠ ⁠ two (o'clock) 类别 读法 例子 时间 读法 半点及之前 顺读法：小时＋分钟 逆读法：分钟＋past＋小时 时间 顺读法 逆读法 ⁠ ⁠ five ten ten past five ⁠ ⁠ seven thirty half past seven 半点之后 顺读法：小时＋分钟 逆读法：(60－分钟)＋to＋(小时＋1) 时间 顺读法 逆读法 ⁠ ⁠ six fifty ten to seven ⁠ ⁠ two thirty­five twenty­five to three 一刻钟 fifteen还可以用a quarter表示 时间 一般读法 刻钟读法 ⁠ ⁠ three fifteen； fifteen past three a quarter past three ⁠ ⁠ six forty­five； fifteen to seven a quarter to seven Tips：(1)读时间的时候，只用基数词。 (2)o'clock只能用于整点之后。 (3)表示“整数＋一半”用half: an/one hour and a half＝one and a half hours 1.5小时。 ⁠ ⁠年、月、日与世纪、年代的表达 类别 表示法 年、月、日 2024年5月 写作May 2024 2024年5月8日 写作May 8(th), 2024或8(th) May, 2024 May 8(th), 2008 读作May eight/(the) eighth, two thousand and eight 8(th) May, 1998 读作the eighth of May, nineteen ninety­eight 世纪、年代 19世纪 the nineteenth/19th century 20世纪70年代 写作the 1970s/1970's 读作the nineteen seventies/the seventies of the twentieth century ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　A　)1.—How many books are there on the shelf? —Well.I think there are   ⁠ books. A．two hundred and forty­six B．two hundreds and forty C．two hundred fourteen D．two hundreds and fourteen A ( B )2.—The train to Chengdu is leaving at eleven fifteen at night. —Wow, it's   ⁠ now! We'll be late. A．a quarter past eleven B．a quarter to eleven C．half past eleven D．half past twelve B ( B )3.The Greens came to China on   ⁠. A．2020, October 27 B．October 27th, 2020 C．27, 2020 October D．the 27th October, 2020 B ( D )4.Coca­Cola began to enter the Chinese market in   ⁠. A．1970s B．the 1970s' C．1970's D．the 1970's D ( A )5.Charles Dickens was born in   ⁠ century. A．the early nineteenth B．early nineteen C．the early ninetieth D．early nineteenth A ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(选择括号内数字的正确读法) Armstrong was a pilot at first.After flying for   6 ⁠(2，450) hours, he became an astronaut.He and two other Americans flew to the moon on   7 ⁠(1969.7.16).It took them four days to get there.On the 21st, July, Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon at   8 ⁠(2：56) in the morning. (　A　)6.A.two thousand, four hundred and fifty B．two thousand and four hundred fifty C．two thousands, four hundreds and fifty (　C　)7.A.1969 July 16 B．1969 16 July C．16th July, 1969 (　C　)8.A.four past three B．four to two C．four to three A C C ⁠ ⁠分数、小数、百分数和倍数、次数的表达 分数、小数、百分数和倍数、次数通常也会在阅读中涉及，通常需要考生与所学数学知识相结合，进行简单的计算。 类别 用法 例子 分数 (1)分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加­s (2)基数词和序数词之间可以加连字符“­” 1/2: one/a half 1/4: one fourth/a quarter 3/4: three fourths/three quarters 7/9: seven ninths/seven­ninths 小数 小数点前按整数读，小数点后按个位数读。小数点读作point，零常读作zero或O 21.103: twenty­one point one zero three 百分数 百分号读作percent 35%: thirty­five percent 倍数、次数 1倍/次：once 2倍/次：twice 3倍/次及以上：基数词＋times 5 倍/次： five times Tip：分数/百分数后跟名词时，用of连接。如： 50%的工人： 50 percent of the workers; 3/7的学生： three sevenths of the students。 ⁠ ⁠年龄的表达 类别 用法 例子 表示“在某人几十多岁的时候” in one's＋整十基数词的复数形式 在汤姆50多岁时：in Tom's fifties 表示岁数 (1)基数词 (2)基数词＋month(s)/year(s) old (3)at the age of＋基数词 7个月：seven months old 15岁：fifteen (years old)/at the age of fifteen 表示“……岁的” 基数词­year­old(此结构为复合形容词，常作定语，基数词>1时，year仍用单数) 一个10岁的女孩：a ten­year­old girl Tip：“基数词­year­olds”为复合名词，如：I don't think sixteen­year­olds should be allowed to drive.我认为不应该允许十六岁的孩子开车。 ►►先练基础——单句训练 (　C　)1.(2023滨州)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three   ⁠.And   ⁠ of them are girls. A．thousand; two third B．thousands; two third C．thousand; two thirds D．thousands; two thirds C ( C )2.—Do you like playing the piano, Tina? —Yes.I practice it   ⁠ a week. A．three B．third C．three times D．the third C ( A )3.—The last time Argentina won the World Cup, I was only a   ⁠ boy. —So now you are in your   ⁠.It has been more than thirty years. A．ten­year­old; forties B．ten years old; forty C．ten­year­old; fortieth D．ten years old; forties A ►►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择) Confucius, a pioneer in the field of education, was born in 551 BC.When he was   4 ⁠， his father died.But Confucius still received a good education when he was young.And when he was seventeen, his mother died.In his   5 ⁠， he began to teach and spent the rest of his life teaching.At the age of   6 ⁠， Confucius began to travel around China.He tried to search for good rules of behavior.When he was sixty­eight, Confucius returned to his hometown.Five years later, he passed away. (　A　)4.A.three years old B．three­year­old C．three­year­olds (　B　)5.A.thirty B．thirties C．thirtieth (　A　)6.A.fifty B．fiftieth C．fifties A B A ⁠ ⁠编号的表达 1．名词(首字母常大写)＋基数词(首字母常大写或用数字)。如：Grade Nine/9, Room 205。 2．the＋序数词(首字母小写)＋名词(首字母小写)。如：the second lesson, the second floor。 ⁠ ⁠度量的表达 1．基数词＋单位词＋形容词long/wide/high/deep等。如：1厘米长 one centimeter long, 10米深 ten meters deep。 2．基数词＋单位词＋in＋名词length/width/height/depth等。如：2英尺宽 two feet in width, 9米高 nine meters in height。 Tips：(1)常用的表示长度和重量的单位词有： kilometer千米/公里 meter米 foot英尺 centimeter厘米 kilogram公斤/千克 ton吨 pound磅 (2)基数词>1，单位词用复数。 (　A　)1.Please turn to   ⁠ page and take a look at the picture on it. A．the eightieth B．eightieth C．eighties D．eighty 2．The river near our village is 10 meters  　deep 　 ⁠(deep/depth).It's dangerous to swim in it. A deep 　 ⁠ ⁠语法点针对训练 短文填空 根据上下文用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或写出括号内数字的英文读法。 Tomorrow is Father's Day.It's also my father's 1. 　fortieth 　 ⁠(forty) birthday.We will hold a party from seven o'clock to 2. 　half past nine/nine ⁠(9：30).He is a doctor in the Children's Hospital.He likes reading very much.My sister, brother and I often buy some books for him.My sister is 15 3. 　years 　 ⁠(year) old.Her birthday is on July the 4. 　twent ⁠(twenty­one). fortieth 　 half past nine/nine thirty 　 years 　 twenty­ first 　 She likes playing the piano.Her favorite color is purple and 5. 　three fourths/three quarters 　 ⁠(3/4) of her clothes are purple.I want to buy a purple hat for her on her birthday.My little brother is only 6. 　eight 　 ⁠(eight) years old, but he is tall.He is 1.70m in 7. 　height 　 ⁠(high).His birthday is in November, the 8. 　eleventh 　 ⁠(eleven) month of the year. three fourths/three quarters 　 eight 　 height 　 eleventh 　 He can play ping­pong very well.As for my mother, she is in her 9. 　thirties 　 ⁠(thirty), younger than my father.And it's very easy to remember her birthday.It's on New Year's Day.My family can have their birthdays every year, but I can only have my birthday every 10. 　four 　 ⁠(four) years.Can you guess what the date is? Yes, it's February 29th. thirties 　 four 　 ⁠ ⁠中考题型训练 语法选择 (2023聊城改编)How did you spend your summer and winter holidays? Did you travel? Or did you just stay at home and watch TV? As for   1 ⁠ Wang Ziyue, he had a special way to spend his holidays.The boy spent   2 ⁠ holidays running a mobile library. (　B　)1.A.14 years old B．14­year­old C．14­year­olds 1．B　空格处在句中作定语，应该用“基数词＋可数名词单数＋形容词”构成的复合形容词。 (　C　)2.A.he B．him C．his B C The idea of building a library   3 ⁠ of in August 2018.At that time, he was spending his summer holiday at his grandma's home in a town.He found that many of the children in the town watched TV all day on their holiday as they hardly had any books at home.Wang wanted   4 ⁠ them. (　A　)3.A.was thought B．is thought C．was thinking 3．A　主意是被想出的，且这里是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 (　A　)4.A.to help B．help C．helping 4．A　want to do sth.想要做某事。 A A During the winter holiday in 2019, he chose   5 ⁠ than 500 books and brought them to the town.At his grandma's home, Wang built a small library to share his books   6 ⁠ others.His library helped some children fall in love with reading. (　C　)5.A.many B．most C．more (　C　)6.A.in B．on C．with 6．C　share...with...和……分享……。 C C But Wang didn't stop there.He made a cart(手推车) into   7 ⁠ mobile library.On market days, he took his cart to the market so that more children were able to read the books.For four years Wang   8 ⁠ hundreds of children, and his library now has about 1，200 books. (　B　)7.A.the B．a C．an (　B　)8.A.will help B．has helped C．is helping 8．B　根据时间状语“For four years”可知用现在完成时。 B B Many people praise Wang for   9 ⁠ he has done.They say the library is small,   10 ⁠ it is a big help to children in the town. (　A　)9.A.what B．that C．who 9．A　for后面是宾语从句，从句中的done缺少宾语，故用what引导。 (　C　)10.A.and B．so C．but 10．C　“图书馆小”和“它对孩子们的帮助很大”之间是转折关系，故用but连接。 短文大意：本文主要讲述了14岁的王子悦的特殊度假方式，就是经营一个移动图书馆来帮助小镇上的孩子们爱上阅读。 A C $$