精品解析：广东省深圳市龙华区观澜中学2023-2024学年高二下学期六月英语月考试卷

深圳市观澜中学2023—2024学年高二下学期六月月考 高二英语 第一部分 基础知识 单项选择（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. The athlete had his moment of __________ when he won a 20km race. A. horror B. violence C. friction D. glory 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这位运动员赢得20公里比赛时，他获得了辉煌的时刻。 A. horror恐怖；B. violence暴力；C. friction摩擦；D. glory荣誉，辉煌。根据句中he won a 20km race可知，赢得比赛，运动员会获得辉煌的时刻。故选D项。 2. During the nineteen years of his career, the actor has won the __________ of a wide audience. A. expression B. recognition C. evaluation D. elegance 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他19年的职业生涯中，这位演员赢得了广大观众的认可。A. expression 表达；B. recognition 认可；C. evaluation 评价；D. elegance 优雅。根据句意及空前的“the actor has won”以及空后“a wide audience”可知，演员赢得的是观众的认可。故选B。 3. Many teenagers __________ the importance of inner beauty but focus on external beauty. A. justify B. assume C. overlook D. clarify 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年忽视了内在美，而只注重外在美。A. justify为……辩解；B. assume假定；C. overlook忽视；D. clarify澄清。根据空后but focus on external beauty可知，此处表示“忽视了内在美，而只注重外在美”，应用动词overlook。故选C。 4. It is agreed that reading widely is an effective way to __________ our vocabulary. A. enlarge B. invest C. facilitate D. thrive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：广泛阅读被认为是扩大我们词汇量的有效方式。A. enlarge扩大；B. invest投资；C. facilitate使便利；D. thrive兴旺，繁荣。根据句意，表示“扩大”用动词enlarge。故选 A。 5. We are living in peace and moderate prosperity. __________, some corners of the world still suffer from endless conflicts and wars. A. Regardless B. Nonetheless C. Worthless D. Timeless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在和平与适度繁荣之中。尽管如此，世界上的一些角落仍然遭受着无休止的冲突和战争。A. Regardless不管；B. Nonetheless尽管如此；C.Worthless 无价值的 ；D. Timeless永恒的。根据句意，尽管有前面提到的积极情况——我们生活在和平与适度繁荣之中，但仍然存在一些负面情况——有些角落仍旧受着无休止的冲突和战争。表示“尽管如此”用nonetheless。故选B。 6. The news that the __________ will be holding a live concert in Shenzhen drove the fans crazy. A. celebrity B. consumption C. concept D. conflict 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位名人将在深圳举行现场演唱会的消息令粉丝们疯狂。A. celebrity名人；B. consumption消耗；C. concept概念；D. conflict冲突。根据空后will be holding a live concert in Shenzhen drove the fans crazy可知，此处表示“这位名人将在深圳举行现场演唱会”，应用名词celebrity。故选A。 7 Psychologists believe that obsessive online photo editing __________ a lack of confidence. A. boosts B. pretends C. indicates D. bothers 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家认为，过度的在线照片编辑表明了缺乏自信。A. boosts激发；B. pretends假装；C. indicates暗示，表明；D. bothers困扰。根据句意，表示“表明”用indicate。故选C。 8. The only way for us to improve is to __________ our weaknesses and draw lessons from mistakes. A. acquire B. astonish C. acknowledge D. approve 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们进步的唯一途径就是承认我们的弱点并从错误中吸取教训。A. acquire获得；B. astonish使惊讶；C. acknowledge承认；D. approve证明。根据“our weaknesses and draw lessons from mistakes.”可知，承认我们的弱点并从错误中吸取教训可以让我们进步。故选C。 9. We need to __________ the company’s financial situation before investing in it. A. demonstrate B. describe C. predict D. evaluate 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在投资之前，我们需要评估公司的财务状况。A. demonstrate证明；B. describe描述；C. predict预测；D. evaluates评估。根据空后the company’s financial situation before investing in it可知，此处表示“评估公司的财务状况”，应用动词evaluate。故选D。 10. Mark said that he was not suitable for the job, so he decided to __________ from the company. A. resign B. retire C. suffer D. reject 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克说他不适合这份工作，所以他决定从公司辞职。A. resign辞职；B. retire退休；C. suffer遭受；D. reject拒绝。根据句中he was not suitable for the job可知，马克不适合工作，所以他会决定辞职。故选A项。 11. Lu Yao, writer of The Ordinary World, __________ writing all his life. That’s why I respect him. A. devoted himself to B. helped himself to C. adjusted himself to D. resigned himself to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：路遥，是《平凡的世界》的作者，一生致力于写作。这就是我尊敬他的原因。A. devoted himself to致力于；B. helped himself to自取；C. adjusted himself to适应；D. resigned himself to听从、顺从。根据句意，表示“投身于，致力于”用动词短语devote oneself to。故选A。 12. The little girl seems the most __________ of the big family, whose mouth will never shut. A. reserved B. passionate C. talkative D. passive 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩似乎是这个大家庭中最健谈的，她的嘴永远闭不上。A. reserved矜持的；B. passionate有热情的；C. talkative健谈的；D. passive消极的。根据后文whose mouth will never shut可知，该女孩是“最健谈的”，所以使用形容词talkative。故选C。 13. It’s __________ to read people’s private letters without permission. Privacy is protected by law. A. identical B. intellectual C. innocent D. illegal 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：未经允许看别人的私人信件是违法的。隐私受法律保护。A. identical完全相同的；B. intellectual才智超群的；C. innocent无辜的；D. illegal违法的。表示“未经允许阅读他人的喜人信件是违法的”应用形容词illegal。故选D。 14. If people __________ the wetlands to farmland, birds will not have enough space to live. A. converse B. conserve C. convert D. preserve 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们把湿地变成农田，鸟类将没有足够的生存空间。A. converse交谈；谈话；B. conserve保存；保持；C. convert转变；D. preserve保护；保存。根据“birds will not have enough space to live.”把湿地变成农田，鸟类会失去足够的生存空间。故选C。 15. The experts specialize in the __________ of damaged paintings to make them as good as new. A. imagination B. ambition C. restoration D. fashion 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家们专门从事受损画作的修复工作，使其像新的一样完好。A. imagination想象力；B. ambition雄心；C. restoration修复；D. fashion时尚。根据句中to make them as good as new可知，此处表示受损画作的修复工作。故选C项。 16. What they are talking about—fossils and dinosaurs—went beyond my __________. A. approval B. disposal C. comprehension D. ignorance 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们所谈论的化石和恐龙超出了我的理解范围。A. approval同意；赞成；B. disposal处理；处置；C. comprehension理解；D. ignorance无知；愚昧。根据“What they are talking about—fossils and dinosaurs”可知，他们谈论的内容超出了我的理解范围。故选C。 17. This product uses natural substances and contains no __________ colors. A. academic B. artificial C. ambitious D. accessible 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个产品使用天然物质，不含人工色素。A. academic学术的；B. artificial人工的；C. ambitious雄心壮志的；D. accessible可进入的。根据句中的natural substances可知，该产品使用天然物质，不含人工色素，表示“人工的”用形容词artificial。故选B。 18. All possible means __________ but no one knows which is suitable. A. has discussed B. have been discussed C. has been discussed D. were discussed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：所有可能的方法已经被讨论，但没有人知道哪种方法合适。根据句中knows和is可知，后句使用一般现在时描述现在的情况，结合语意，前句表示过去的动作对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，discuss与主语All possible means之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语All possible means为复数，谓语动词使用have been discussed。故选B项。 19. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. Which B. that C. what D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句用法。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。本题主句是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导。在名词性从句中，当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，一般用关系词what来引导。故C正确。 【点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况，定语从句作用相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词或整个句子，同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容的句子。本题中说的那个 “句子中宾语或主语用一个句子来代替就是该种从句”用一个句子来代替宾语或主语，那就属于主语从句或宾语性从句了。 所以做题时仔细分析题干，才能更好地做好题。 20. __________ was within people’s ordinary reality __________ Bill Cunningham found fashion and inspiration. A. It, what B. It, that C. That, what D. That, that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句式。句意：正是在人们的日常现实中，Bill Cunningham找到了时尚与灵感。根据句意及“within people’s ordinary reality”可知，该句符合强调句式的基本形式：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子的其他部分，被强调部分为“within people’s ordinary reality”，如果将该句中强调句的框架“It was...that”去掉，剩下的部分“within people’s ordinary reality, Bill Cunningham found fashion and inspiration.”依然能够独立成句，表达完整的意思，这也验证了句子是强调句式，故第一空填It，第二空填that。故选B。 第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Calling all high school student writers! If you’re looking for scholarship s or ways to fund your future education, look no further than writing contests. Below are two suitable contests for you. Scholastic Art and Writing Awards The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards welcome writing created by students aged 13 and older in grades 7 through 12 on both a regional and national scale (范围). You can submit your work in a huge variety of categories and styles. Categories include science fiction, fantasy writing, critical essays, humor, dramatic scripts (剧本), and more. You can create an Internet account using the Awards’ registration system where you’ll find your school and hand in your work. Prizes vary as well. Gold medal, winners can earn a $ 10,000 scholarship, and silver medal winners with distinction can earn a $ 1,000 scholarship. NSHSS Creative Writing Scholarship High school students of all ages are qualified for this scholarship, sponsored by the National Society of High School Scholars. Students can submit works in one or both categories: poetry and fiction. But do NOT send previously published works. In the poetry category, students may submit their original poetry in any style, from formal verse (诗体) to free verse. The poem should be formatted as you wish it to appear in publications. In the fiction category, students may submit a piece of short fiction, no more than 5,000 words and not single-spaced. Students may choose any type, including graphic novels or short stories. A prize of $ 2,000 will be awarded to one student winner in each category. 21. What does the author say about the first writing contest? A. It provides two categories. B. It is for students of all ages. C. It accepts entries (参赛作品) submitted online. D. It selects two winners in total. 22. Which entry is suitable for NSHSS Creative Writing Scholarship? A. A dramatic script. B. An unpublished poem. C. Fiction of over 5,000 words. D. A single-spaced critical essay. 23. What is the similarity between the two contests? A. They encourage creative writing. B. They have a word limit on entries. C. They welcome writings of any type. D. They require submissions to be formatted. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了两个高中生可以参加的写作比赛的相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第一行第二列“You can create an Internet account using the Awards’ registration system where you’ll find your school and hand in your work. (你可以使用奖项的注册系统创建一个互联网帐户，在那里你可以找到你的学校并提交你的作品。)”可知，第一个写作比赛允许参赛者在线提交参赛作品。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第二行第二列“Students can submit works in one or both categories: poetry and fiction. But do NOT send previously published works. (学生可以提交一个或两个类别的作品：诗歌和小说。但不要交以前发表过的作品。)”可知，想报名参加该比赛的学生可以提交一首未发表过的诗歌。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第一行第二列“You can submit your work in a huge variety of categories and styles. Categories include science fiction, fantasy writing, critical essays, humor, dramatic scripts (剧本), and more. (你可以提交各种类别和风格的作品。类别包括科幻小说、奇幻小说、评论文章、幽默、戏剧剧本等。)”以及第二行第二列“In the poetry category, students may submit their original poetry in any style, from formal verse (诗体) to free verse. (在诗歌类别中，学生可以提交任何风格的原创诗歌，从正式诗歌到自由诗歌。)”和“In the fiction category, students may submit a piece of short fiction, no more than 5,000 words and not single-spaced. Students may choose any type, including graphic novels or short stories. (在小说类中，学生可以提交一篇短篇小说，字数不超过5000字，篇幅不限。学生可以选择任何类型，包括图画小说或短篇小说。)”可知，两个比赛都鼓励创作不同类型的作品，都鼓励创造性写作。故选A。 B When Chase Bailey was found to have autism (自闭症) at 2, his mother Mary Bailey feared he’d never enjoy a typical life. Indeed, he hasn’t. Occupied with appearances with famous people and hosting his own cooking show, Chase’s life is anything but typical. During the past years, the teenager has cooked noodles with food master Roy Choi and baked cookies for guests at a celebration in Los Angeles. The days when Chase would eat nothing but pizza, chicken, French fries, and chocolate chip cookies almost seem like a distant memory. For him to go from that to cooking and eating all kinds of different things is pretty astonishing. After the diagnosis (诊断) of Chase’s disease, friends prepared Mary for the worst: He’d never be able to have a job, never learn to socialize, and never be independent. Like many autistic patients, the sight, smell, feel and taste of almost everything on Chase’s plate tipped him over the edge. However, when he watched cooking shows with his grandfather, he became addicted to seeing people enjoy what they were eating and started asking to try some of the food on the shows. Two years later, he recorded the first episode (集) of “Chase N Yur Face” with the help of his mother, which they posted on social media. The show quickly caught the attention of autism groups. Chase started reaching out to chefs he admired by email to invite them to tape episodes with him. In the show which has more than 30 episodes, a confident Chase cooks everything from cupcakes to roasted meats. It has harvested tens of thousands of views. He dreams of one day seeing his show on television and wants to open his own restaurant. He hopes his experience can help others with autism. “Don’t be afraid to be yourself,” he said. 24. How is Chase’s life? A. It is a typical one. B. It is full of bitter experiences. C. It is like other autistic kids’. D. It is beyond his mom’s expectations. 25. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 indicate? A. Food was appealing to Chase. B. Food on Chase’s plate tasted bad. C. Chase had no appetite for most food. D. Chase wanted to cook himself. 26. Where did Chase get the inspiration to learn to cook? A. From autism groups. B. From his grandfather. C. From food masters. D. From cooking programs. 27. Which is the best title of the text? A. Food Changed Chase’s Life B. Cooking Is a Treatment for Autism C. A Cooking Show Cures an Autistic Teenager D. Chase Turns Food Fear into Love of Cooking 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患自闭症的Chase对大多数食物不感兴趣，后来在观看烹饪节目时对烹饪产生了兴趣，由此开始了他的烹饪旅程。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Chase Bailey was found to have autism  (自闭症) at 2, his mother Mary Bailey feared he’d never enjoy a typical life. Indeed, he hasn’t. Occupied with appearances with famous people and hosting his own cooking show, Chase’s life is anything but typical. During the past years, the teenager has cooked noodles with food master Roy Choi and baked cookies for guests at a celebration in Los Angeles.(Chase Bailey 2岁时被发现患有自闭症，他的母亲Mary Bailey担心他永远无法享受正常的生活。事实上，他没有。Chase经常与名人见面，并主持自己的烹饪节目，他的生活一点也不平常。在过去的几年里，这位少年与美食大师Roy Choi一起煮面条，并在洛杉矶的一次庆祝活动上为客人烤饼干)”可知，因为Chase患有自闭症，一开始他的母亲Mary Bailey担心他无法享受正常的生活，可后来Chase经常与名人见面，并主持自己的烹饪节目，与美食大师Roy Choi一起煮面条，并在洛杉矶的一次庆祝活动上为客人烤饼干，故Chase的生活超出了他妈妈的预期。故选D项。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线的句子“Like many autistic patients, the sight, smell, feel and taste of almost everything on Chase’s plate tipped him over the edge.(和许多自闭症患者一样，Chase盘子里几乎所有东西的视觉、嗅觉、感觉和味道都让他不知所措)”及第四段“However, when he watched cooking shows with his grandfather, he became addicted to seeing people enjoy what they were eating and started asking to try some of the food on the shows.(然而，当他和祖父一起看烹饪节目时，他沉迷于看到人们享受他们正在吃的东西，并开始要求尝试节目中的一些食物)”可知，Chase是在看烹饪节目时，开始要求尝试节目中的食物，由文中的转折关系可推知，划线句子表明Chase对大多数食物不感兴趣。故选C项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, when he watched cooking shows with his grandfather, he became addicted to seeing people enjoy what they were eating and started asking to try some of the food on the shows.(然而，当他和祖父一起看烹饪节目时，他沉迷于看到人们享受他们正在吃的东西，并开始要求尝试节目中的一些食物)”可知，Chase从烹饪节目中获得学习烹饪的灵感。故选D项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第三段“Like many autistic patients, the sight, smell, feel and taste of almost everything on Chase’s plate tipped him over the edge.(和许多自闭症患者一样，Chase盘子里几乎所有东西的视觉、嗅觉、感觉和味道都让他不知所措)”及最后一段“In the show which has more than 30 episodes, a confident Chase cooks everything from cupcakes to roasted meats.(在这部有30多集的节目中，自信的Chase烹饪了从纸杯蛋糕到烤肉的一切食物)”可知，文章主要讲述了患自闭症的Chase对大多数食物不感兴趣，后来在观看烹饪节目时对烹饪产生了兴趣，由此开始了他的烹饪旅程，并拍摄自己的烹饪节目，故“Chase将对食物的恐惧转化为对烹饪的热爱”适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。 C You expect wolves to howl (嗥叫) . You know their sound, a long and loud cry, from movies. But you were shocked the first time you heard your pet make a similar sound when it heard a siren (汽笛). You might ask, “Why does my dog howl at sirens?” For a long time, the explanation was simple: it hurts. Dogs’ hearing is so much more sensitive than ours that a sound that’s just annoying to us must be excruciating for them. However, many dog owners question its validity: when dogs howl at sirens, they don’t appear to be in any pain. Also, most howling dogs don’t appear to be acting fearfully by hiding or shaking as they do with scary sounds such as the noise of thunder. Canine (犬的) science points us in another direction, to dogs cousins and ancestors, the wolves. For a wolf pack, howling occurs to determine the location of pack members or discourage other animals from approaching. Or, it may be a way to warn the pack about an abnormal situation nearby. Dogs may be alike in this aspect. If your dog howls at a loud sound, it might be to get your attention. In the case of an emergency vehicle siren or a home alarm, dogs may simply want to make sure you’re aware that a sound that is not usual or expected is occurring so you can do something about it. However, they might howl at the siren, especially one that’s on four wheels, as a way to “drive” it away. If the siren gets further away and therefore makes less noise, your dog will feel like the howling helps to discourage the siren. So, now you understand your dog’s insistence on howling when it hears sirens or similar sounds-and whether or not the sound is hurting your pet’s ears. 28. What does the underlined word “excruciating” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Painful. B. Acceptable. C. Confusing. D. Comfortable. 29. Why does the author refer to wolves in paragraph 3? A. To compare them with dogs. B. To show dogs and wolves howl in similar cases. C. To state canine animals’ communication. D. To indicate howls are common for dogs and wolves. 30. What is one reason for dogs’ howling at a siren according to the text? A. It hurts their ears. B. It makes them scared. C. They’re warning of abnormal things. D. They’re sensitive 31. How is the text developed? I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. C. D. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么狗会对汽笛声等响亮的声音嗥叫，并探讨了这种行为的背后原因。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Dogs’ hearing is so much more sensitive than ours(狗的听觉比我们灵敏得多)”可知，狗的听力比人类敏感得多。因此，对我们来说只是烦人的声音对它们来说一定是极度痛苦的。根据语境可以推断出“excruciating”的意思应该是“痛苦的”。选项A“Painful (痛苦的)”；选项B“Acceptable (可接受的)”；选项C“Confusing (令人困惑的)”；选项D“Comfortable (舒适的)”。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段Canine(犬的) science points us in another direction, to dogs cousins and ancestors, the wolves. For a wolf pack, howling occurs to determine the location of pack members or discourage other animals from approaching. Or, it may be a way to warn the pack about an abnormal situation nearby.（犬类科学将我们引向狗的亲戚和祖先——狼。对于狼群来说，嗥叫是为了确定狼群成员的位置或阻止其他动物靠近。或者，这可能是警告狼群附近有异常情况的一种方式。）可推测，作者提到狼是为了展示狗和狼在类似情况下都会嗥叫。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For a wolf pack, howling occurs to determine the location of pack members or discourage other animals from approaching. Or, it may be a way to warn the pack about an abnormal situation nearby.（对于狼群来说，嗥叫是为了确定狼群成员的位置或阻止其他动物靠近。或者，这可能是警告狼群附近有异常情况的一种方式。）”以及第四段“Dogs may be alike in this aspect. If your dog howls at a loud sound, it might be to get your attention. In the case of an emergency vehicle siren or a home alarm, dogs may simply want to make sure you’re aware that a sound that is not usual or expected is occurring so you can do something about it.(狗在这方面可能是相似的。如果你的狗大声嚎叫，这可能是为了引起你的注意。在紧急车辆鸣笛或家庭警报的情况下，狗可能只是想确保你意识到一种不寻常或意想不到的声音正在发生，这样你就可以采取措施。)”可知，狗对汽笛声嗥叫的一个原因是它们正在警告主人有异常情况发生。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段引出本文话题——狗为什么嚎叫；第二段介绍长久以来的一个解释——狗觉得痛苦；第三段和第四段则介绍了另一个原因——给同伴示警或驱赶有威胁的东西，其中第三段先介绍狼嚎叫的原因，第四段说明狗在这方面和狼很相似；最后一段总结全文内容。故选B。 D There is a trend in New York right now where people are carrying cotton bags for doing the shopping. But new data challenge the common view that cotton bags are better than plastic ones and are planet-friendly. According to the data, an organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to cancel out its overall impact of production. That equals daily use for 54 years for just one bag. Dealing with a bag in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think. You can’t, for example, just put a cotton bag in a garbage can. Even when a cotton bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto it are PVC-based and extremely difficult to break down chemically; thus it can’t be processed to be used again. Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based recycling firm, estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton they receive is wasted this way. That’s not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While growing cotton can use pesticides (杀虫剂) and make rivers dry up due to water consumption, producing lightweight plastic bags uses greenhouse fossil (化石) fuels which can not be changed naturally by bacteria into substances that do not harm the environment, and the bags will pile up in the ocean. Aesop an Australian brand, is changing the composition of its shopping bags to a 60-40 combination of recycled and organic cotton. It will cost more, but reduce water by 70 to 80 percent. Some brands are turning to other alternatives — designer Anya Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original bag made from recycled water bottles. But in the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. Not every product needs a bag. 32. What is the common people’s attitude to using cotton bags? A. Objective. B. Uncaring. C. Favourable. D. Opposed. 33. What do the figures in paragraph 2 indicate? A. Cotton bags are hard to recycle. B. Cotton bags are strong and long-lasting. C. Processing cotton bags is time-consuming. D. Cotton bags may do more harm than good. 34. Why are some cotton bags wasted in treatment plants? A. Printed patterns make them unrecyclable. B. Logos can’t be removed from them. C. There are too many cotton bags to process. D. Most dyes damage the environment. 35. What does the author advise shoppers to do? A. Buy fewer products. B. Reduce the use of bags. C. Seek new alternatives. D. Turn to recycled cotton bags. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们普遍认为棉布袋比塑料袋更环保的观点，但文章对此观点提出了一些挑战，即数据显示棉布袋实际上造成了一些新问题。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But new data challenge the common view that cotton bags are better than plastic ones and are planet-friendly.(但新的数据挑战了人们的普遍看法，即棉布袋比塑料袋更好，对地球更友好。)”可知，人们普遍认为棉布袋比塑料袋更环保，因此对使用棉布袋持积极态度。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to the data, an organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to cancel out its overall impact of production. That equals daily use for 54 years for just one bag. (根据数据，一个有机棉布袋需要使用2万次才能抵消其生产的整体影响。这相当于一个袋子54年来的日常使用量。)”和下文对棉布袋的缺点的介绍可知，这些数字说明了棉布袋的使用可能弊大于利。故选D。 34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even when a cotton bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto it are PVC-based and extremely difficult to break down chemically; thus it can’t be processed to be used again. Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based recycling firm, estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton they receive is wasted this way.(即使棉布袋真的送到了处理厂，大多数用于印刷标志的染料都是基于聚氯乙烯（PVC）的，化学上极难分解；因此它不能被处理再利用。西雅图回收公司Evrnu的联合创始人Christopher Stanev估计，他们收到的棉花中有10%到15%是以这种方式浪费的。)”可知，一些印有彩色图案的棉袋被浪费是因为这些图案的染料很难被化学分解，导致这些棉布袋不能被循环利用。故选A。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But in the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. Not every product needs a bag.(但最终，最简单的解决方案可能是最明显的。并不是每个产品都需要一个袋子。)”可知，作者建议减少袋子的使用。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题25分） Defensiveness is a natural reaction when you feel attacked. ____36____ And it’s one way you escape responsibility for your actions when facing a difficult or unpleasant person or situation. In conversations, though, defensiveness can quickly destroy any hopes of understanding and moving forward. So how can you respond to defensiveness? Meeting defensiveness with defensiveness is likely to increase the tension rather than remove it. Saying “don’t take it personally” probably won’t help either. ____37____ So arguing with a defensive person, becoming defensive yourself, or being judgmental will confirm their anxiety. You should avoid getting defensive in return. When a person is defensive, they’re acting on emotion. Trying to reason with someone in the face of strong emotions is unlikely to be productive. If emotions are running high, you may want to walk away for a while, collect your thoughts, and come back to the conversation later until you feel in control. ____38____ One way to manage defensiveness and the dysregulation (调节异常) that comes with it is to follow some communication ground rules. For example, you might agree that each person gets the chance to speak without interruption while the other person listens. ____39____ Then switch roles. In this way, you can add structure to your conversation. ____40____ Doing that may help you take things less personally and avoid getting them to think that you’re judging them. Ask questions with a genuine interest, and try to understand why they feel defensive. If it’s a response to something you said or did or your tone, apologize for that and try a different approach next time. A. Getting defensive protects you and your feelings. B. You should get curious about the other person’s opinion. C. If, this is the case, tell the other person that you need space. D. Defensiveness is usually born out of fear of refusal or judgment. E. It makes sense that you want to pick up helpful tips on coping with it. F. There’re also situations where defensiveness creates an unhealthy state. G. The listener can reflect the information received and confirm the speaker’s feelings 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. G 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了应对防卫心理的方法。 【36题详解】 下文“And it’s one way you escape responsibility for your actions when facing a difficult or unpleasant person or situation.(这是你在面对困难或不愉快的人或情况时逃避责任的一种方式)”说明防卫心理是面对困难或不愉快时逃避的一种方式，A项“防卫心理可以保护你和你的感情。”说明原因，引出下文将防卫心理作为逃避的一种方式的结果，符合题意。故选A。 【37题详解】 上文“Meeting defensiveness with defensiveness is likely to increase the tension rather than remove it. Saying “don’t take it personally” probably won’t help either.(用防卫心理来应对防卫心理可能会增加而不是消除紧张。比如“不要把它当成针对个人的”可能也无济于事)”以及下文“So arguing with a defensive person, becoming defensive yourself, or being judgmental will confirm their anxiety.(因此，与防御型的人争论、自我防御或评判会证实他们的焦虑)”说明防卫心理可能会增加紧张，与具备防卫心理的人争论也会证实他们的焦虑，D项“防御通常源于对拒绝或判断的恐惧。”承接上文，并说明原因，以引出下文的结果，符合题意。故选D。 【38题详解】 上文“If emotions are running high, you may want to walk away for a while, collect your thoughts, and come back to the conversation later until you feel in control.(如果情绪高涨，你可能想离开一段时间，收集你的想法，然后再回到谈话中，直到你感觉到自己在掌控之中)”说明你可以在情绪强烈时离开一会儿，感觉自己在掌控中之后再继续谈话，C项“如果是这样的话，告诉对方你需要空间。”承接上文，说明在情绪强烈时可以采取的方法，符合题意。故选C。 【39题详解】 上文“For example, you might agree that each person gets the chance to speak without interruption while the other person listens.(例如，你可能会同意，当对方倾听时，每个人都有机会不受干扰地发言)”以及下文“Then switch roles.(然后切换角色)”说明交谈时存在说话者和倾听者两方，每个人都有机会在对方倾听时不受干扰地发言，然后切换角色，G项“倾听者可以反映所收到的信息，并确认说话者的感受”承上启下，说明在交谈中不同角色的做法。故选G。 【40题详解】 下文“Doing that may help you take things less personally and avoid getting them to think that you’re judging them. Ask questions with a genuine interest, and try to understand why they feel defensive.(这样做可能有助于你不那么个人化，避免让他们认为你在评判他们。带着真正的兴趣提问，并试着理解他们为什么会感到防御)”说明关于对方的观点，你应该带着真正的兴趣提问，B项“你应该对对方的意见感到好奇。”说明你应该对对方的观点感兴趣，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选B。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a ___41___ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down ___42___. Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were ___43___ and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better ___44___ the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no ___45___ where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay___46___. I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in ___47___. Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I ___48___ my location online and explained what I was ___49___, wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a ____50____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more ____51____. Then I saw a big ____52____ in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, ____53____ the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the ____54____. I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house,I burst into tears of ____55____. 41. A. shortcut B. turn C. look D. risk 42. A. soon B. fast C. lightly D. suddenly 43. A. locked B. closed C. frozen D. broken 44. A. follow B. cover C. mark D. remember 45. A. plan B. clue C. doubt D. problem 46. A. awake B. calm C. warm D. still 47. A. confusion B. trouble C. embarrassment D. panic 48. A. confirmed B. found C. posted D. checked 49. A. looking at B. going through C. searching for D. carrying out 50. A. tip B. comment C. like D. message 51. A. inspired B. relieved C. convinced D. amazed 52. A. policeman B. creature C. shadow D. figure 53. A. fighting B. avoiding C. checking D. reporting 54. A. goal B. danger C. depth D. direction 55. A. hope B. love C. gratitude D. pride 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴风雪就要来了，我抄了一条近路。A. shortcut近路；B. turn依次轮到的机会；C. look看；D. risk风险。根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching(由于暴风雪即将来临)”及“But really, I had no__5__where I was.(但是，我真的不知道我在哪里)”可知，由于暴风雪即将来临，作者抄了一条近路，结果遇到了麻烦。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后雪开始下了，而且下得很快。A. soon不久；B. fast快；C. lightly轻松地；D. suddenly意外地。根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout(几分钟内，我就陷入了一片白茫茫的大雪中)”可知，雪下得很快，故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：车窗被冻住了，被雪覆盖了，所以我放慢了速度，摇下了驾驶员侧的车窗，想着我可以更好地沿着路边，保持直线行驶。A. locked锁；B. closed关闭；C. frozen冻；D. broken破坏。根据下文“getting covered with snow(被雪覆盖了)”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分析待选项，C项“frozen冻”表示的含义符合语境，故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. follow沿着；B. cover覆盖；C. mark标志着；D. remember记得。根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line(……路边，保持直线行驶)”可知，此处说的是沿着路边，故选A项。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我真的不知道我在哪里。A. plan计划；B. clue线索；C. doubt怀疑；D. problem问题。根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running(我停下来，让车一直运转着)”以及“I called 911(我呼叫了911)”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里，故选B项。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我停下来，保持汽车运转以保暖。A. awake醒着的；B. calm镇静的；C. warm温暖的；D. still静止的。根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running(我停下来，保持汽车运转)”可知，作者停下来但保持汽车运转。由此可知，作者试图通过保持汽车运转的方式保暖，故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个电话让我惊慌失措。A. confusion困惑；B. trouble麻烦；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. panic恐慌。根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night(我拨打了911。接线员告诉我等待一夜，看看情况再说)”可知，作者向911求救，却被告知要等一晚上，感到惊慌失措，故选D项。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在网上发布了自己的位置，并解释了我所经历的一切，希望有人能来救我。A. confirmed证实；B. found发现；C. posted发帖子；D. checked检查。根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post(很快，人们开始在我的帖子上留言)”可知，作者在网上发了帖子，故选C项。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. looking at看；B. going through经历；C. searching for查找；D. carrying out执行。根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue(希望有人能来救我)”可知，作者讲述的是自己经历的事情，故选B项。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了一条信息，有人打算帮我联系附近的人。A. tip小费；B. comment评论；C. like爱好；D. message消息。根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby(有人打算帮我联系附近的人)”可知，作者收到了一条消息，故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未如此如释重负。A. inspired有创造力的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. convinced坚信的；D. amazed大为惊奇的。根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby(有人打算帮我联系附近的人)”可知，在困境中有陌生人试图帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负，故选B项。 52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我在黑暗中看到一个大身影。A. policeman警察；B. creature生物；C. shadow阴影；D. figure人影。根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me(他走了大约500米来接我)”可知，此处上下文说的是人影，故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他每走一步都在与风雪抗争，大约走了500米来找我。A. fighting与……作斗争；B. avoiding避免；C. checking检查；D. reporting报告。根据上文“Then the snow started and was coming down fast. Within minutes I was in a whiteout(然后雪开始下了，而且下得很快。几分钟内，我就陷入了一片白茫茫的大雪中)”可知，前来帮助作者的人顶着大风大雪前来，分析选项，A项“fighting与……作斗争”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他转过身，开始在雪地里艰难地行走，确信自己的方向。A. goal目标；B. danger危险；C. depth深度；D. direction方向。根据下文“I drove slowly behind him(我在他身后慢慢地开)”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟着他开车，故选D项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他的家时，我感激地泪流满面。A. hope希望；B. love爱；C. gratitude感激；D. pride自豪。根据上文“But really, I had no clue where I was(但是，我真的不知道我在哪里)”以及“When we reached his house(当我们到达他的家时)”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路，被陌生人帮助。由此可知，作者心怀感激，故选C项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 语法填空 From hutong to palaces, Beijing is home to more than 3,000 years of ____56____ (attract) history. But for its ancient wonders, Beijing also shows the modern life to the ____57____ (high) degree, with towering buildings and the cultural relics (遗迹) coexisting ____58____ perfect harmony. In a word, Beijing is such a city ____59____ the history meets modernity. ____60____ (visit) it several times over the last 10 years, I became interested in this amazing city. So when I finally got the chance to work here I jumped at the opportunity to explore as much of the capital ____61____ I could. I have spent nearly 2 years recording everything I discovered through my camera. I’ve made many of my best ____62____ (discover) purely by accident, on an early morning run through one of the many parks, or while exploring a hutong ____63____ (aimless). The remarkable development of this city which ____64____ (design) to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new _____65_____ (offer). I will be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years and discovering more of it. 【答案】56. attractive 57. highest 58. in 59. where 60. Having visited 61. as 62. discoveries 63. aimlessly 64. is designed 65. to offer 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇游记。作者通过对北京这座城市的多次访问和深入了解，分享了自己对这座城市历史与现代交融的感慨，以及通过摄影记录发现的城市魅力的体验。文章不仅描述了北京的古老历史和文化遗迹，还展示了北京的现代发展和新面貌，表达了对这座城市的热爱和期待。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从胡同到宫殿，北京拥有三千多年迷人的历史。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“history”。故填attractive。 【57题详解】 考查最高级。句意：但除了这些古老的奇观，北京也最大程度地展现了现代生活，高耸的建筑与文化遗迹完美共存。根据下文“with towering buildings and the cultural relics (遗迹) coexisting ____3____ perfect harmony.”可知，北京高耸的建筑与文化遗迹完美共存，也就是它最大程度地展示了现代生活，所以用形容词最高级。故填highest。 【58题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：但除了这些古老的奇观，北京也最大程度地展现了现代生活，高耸的建筑与文化遗迹完美共存。固定短语：coexist in，意为“与……共存”，符合句意。故填in。 【59题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：简而言之，北京是一座历史与现代交融的城市。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“city”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【60题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我去过几次，我对这个神奇的城市产生了兴趣。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，主句主语“I”和动词“visit”之间为主动关系；根据“over the last 10 years”可知，该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 【61题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：因此，当我终于有机会在这里工作时，我欣然接受了这个机会，尽我所能地探索这个首都。固定短语：as much as sb. could，意为“尽可能……”，符合句意。故填as。 【62题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：我的许多最佳发现都是纯属偶然，比如清晨在公园里跑步，或者在胡同里漫无目的地探索。根据空前的“many”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填discoveries。 【63题详解】 考查副词。句意：我的许多最佳发现都是纯属偶然，比如清晨在公园里跑步，或者在胡同里漫无目的地探索。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式，修饰动词“explore”。故填aimlessly。 【64题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：这座城市的发展引人注目，旨在保护过去的同时展望未来，意味着它总能提供新的东西。这里为从句的谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“which”，即先行词“The remarkable development of this city”，单数，和动词“design”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is designed。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座城市的发展引人注目，旨在保护过去的同时展望未来，意味着它总能提供新的东西。非谓语动词担当后置定语，用动词不定式形式，构成短语：have…to do。故填to offer。 第四部分 写作（25分） 66. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I faced a tight budget when I was nine. On November Ist, I used up most of the money I saved. With a small amount of pocket money left before Christmas I didn’t have enough to buy presents for the family. I was seriously considering going to my dad and asking for an advance on the next year’s pocket money, so I could at least buy gifts for my family members. But then, one evening, I was sitting in my room reading advertisements in the back of a magazine. Several greeting-card companies were telling us how people could make money by selling their cards and stationery (文具). Normally, I would have passed right over the ads, but this time my situation was so difficult that I felt I had nothing to lose. The ad that attracted me most was one by a well-known greeting-card company in my nation, whose products were of high quality. With my parents’ help, I contacted the company, although they preferred adults or older kids to advertise their products. After my sincere request, they agreed to give me, a nine-year-old boy, a chance. My sales materials arrived within the week. I had expected something small and neat, but the package looked like a dinosaur’s shoebox it was close to three feet long and nearly a foot wide, full of stuff. There was a thick binder (活页夹) containing a complete selection of the cards and some writing paper, which I would be selling for around $3 per box. Although my parents supported my try to make money by myself, they had little confidence in my success; after all, instead of an outgoing kid, I was somewhat shy. However, I was determined to have a try to challenge myself. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Wasting no time, I set off and knocked on doors in my neighborhood. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eventually, I earned over $20, a large sum of money for a 9-year-old kid in 1954. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Wasting no time, I set off and knocked on doors in my neighborhood. Gathering my courage, I introduced myself as the young representative of the well-known greeting-card company. The initial responses were mixed — some were hesitant, while others were fascinated by the idea of a child engaged in such a venture. As I showcased the high-quality cards and shared the story behind each design, the doubt began to fade away, replaced by genuine interest. Surprisingly, my shy character transformed into enthusiasm, and I found myself engaging in conversations that extended beyond the purpose of sales. Eventually, I earned over $20, a large sum of money for a 9-year-old kid in 1954. The community’s response exceeded my expectations, and the support I received went beyond mere financial transactions. Neighbors were not just buying cards; they were encouraging a young entrepreneur. This unexpected journey into sales not only alleviated my financial concerns for Christmas but also instilled a sense of accomplishment and self-confidence. It broadened my horizons and laid the foundation for a newfound belief in the possibilities that determination and courage could unfold, regardless of age. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，以人物为线索。作者九岁的时候预算紧张，没有足够的钱给家人买圣诞礼物。一天他在看杂志的时候发现了一则关于如何卖贺卡和文具赚钱的广告，于是作者在父母的帮助下联系了国内最知名的一家贺卡公司，请求给自己一个机会。作者收到贺卡公司寄来的销售材料后就开始了行动，他挨家挨户地推销产品，获得了不错的反馈。这个经历不仅缓解了作者的财务状况，也让作者产生了成就感和自信心。 【详解】1. 续写线索： ①由续写第一段首句“我当即出发，敲开了附近的门。”可知，第一段可以描写作者挨家挨户推销贺卡的经历。 ②由续写第二段首句“最终，我赚了20多美元，这对1954年一个9岁的孩子来说是一大笔钱。”可知，第二段可以描写这次经历不仅给作者带来了经济收益，还让作者有了成就感和自信心。 2. 段落续写：作者挨家挨户敲门推销贺卡——最初收到的反应有好有坏——作者后来用认真和敬业的推销态度提高了成功率——作者赚到一笔巨款——这次销售经历给作者不仅带来了经济收益，还有成就感和自信心。 3 词汇激活 行为类 ①从事：(be) engaged in/undertake/engage in ②展示：showcase/display/demonstrate ③衰退：fade away/decline/die away ④代替：replace/take the place of ⑤缓解：alleviate/relieve 情绪类 ①对……着迷：be fascinated by/be intrigued by/be hooked on ②真诚的：genuine/sincere ③令人惊讶地：surprisingly/to one’s surprise 【点睛】【高分句型1】As I showcased the high-quality cards and shared the story behind each design, the doubt began to fade away, replaced by genuine interest.(使用了As引导时间状语从句、不定式作宾语、过去分词作状语) 【高分句型2】Surprisingly, my shy character transformed into enthusiasm, and I found myself engaging in conversations that extended beyond the purpose of sales. (使用了and连接并列句、find sb. doing…结构、that引导定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 深圳市观澜中学2023—2024学年高二下学期六月月考 高二英语 第一部分 基础知识 单项选择（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. The athlete had his moment of __________ when he won a 20km race. A. horror B. violence C. friction D. glory 2. During the nineteen years of his career, the actor has won the __________ of a wide audience. A expression B. recognition C. evaluation D. elegance 3. Many teenagers __________ the importance of inner beauty but focus on external beauty. A. justify B. assume C. overlook D. clarify 4. It is agreed that reading widely is an effective way to __________ our vocabulary. A. enlarge B. invest C. facilitate D. thrive 5. We are living in peace and moderate prosperity. __________, some corners of the world still suffer from endless conflicts and wars. A. Regardless B. Nonetheless C. Worthless D. Timeless 6. The news that the __________ will be holding a live concert in Shenzhen drove the fans crazy. A. celebrity B. consumption C. concept D. conflict 7. Psychologists believe that obsessive online photo editing __________ a lack of confidence. A. boosts B. pretends C. indicates D. bothers 8. The only way for us to improve is to __________ our weaknesses and draw lessons from mistakes. A. acquire B. astonish C. acknowledge D. approve 9. We need to __________ the company’s financial situation before investing in it. A. demonstrate B. describe C. predict D. evaluate 10. Mark said that he was not suitable for the job, so he decided to __________ from the company. A. resign B. retire C. suffer D. reject 11. Lu Yao, writer of The Ordinary World, __________ writing all his life. That’s why I respect him. A devoted himself to B. helped himself to C. adjusted himself to D. resigned himself to 12. The little girl seems the most __________ of the big family, whose mouth will never shut. A. reserved B. passionate C. talkative D. passive 13. It’s __________ to read people’s private letters without permission. Privacy is protected by law. A. identical B. intellectual C. innocent D. illegal 14. If people __________ the wetlands to farmland, birds will not have enough space to live. A. converse B. conserve C. convert D. preserve 15. The experts specialize in the __________ of damaged paintings to make them as good as new. A. imagination B. ambition C. restoration D. fashion 16. What they are talking about—fossils and dinosaurs—went beyond my __________. A. approval B. disposal C. comprehension D. ignorance 17. This product uses natural substances and contains no __________ colors. A. academic B. artificial C. ambitious D. accessible 18. All possible means __________ but no one knows which is suitable. A. has discussed B. have been discussed C. has been discussed D. were discussed 19. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. Which B. that C. what D. where 20. __________ was within people’s ordinary reality __________ Bill Cunningham found fashion and inspiration. A. It, what B. It, that C. That, what D. That, that 第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Calling all high school student writers! If you’re looking for scholarship s or ways to fund your future education, look no further than writing contests. Below are two suitable contests for you. Scholastic Art and Writing Awards The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards welcome writing created by students aged 13 and older in grades 7 through 12 on both a regional and national scale (范围). You can submit your work in a huge variety of categories and styles. Categories include science fiction, fantasy writing, critical essays, humor, dramatic scripts (剧本), and more. You can create an Internet account using the Awards’ registration system where you’ll find your school and hand in your work. Prizes vary as well. Gold medal, winners can earn a $ 10,000 scholarship, and silver medal winners with distinction can earn a $ 1,000 scholarship. NSHSS Creative Writing Scholarship High school students of all ages are qualified for this scholarship, sponsored by the National Society of High School Scholars. Students can submit works in one or both categories: poetry and fiction. But do NOT send previously published works. In the poetry category, students may submit their original poetry in any style, from formal verse (诗体) to free verse. The poem should be formatted as you wish it to appear in publications. In the fiction category, students may submit a piece of short fiction, no more than 5,000 words and not single-spaced. Students may choose any type, including graphic novels or short stories. A prize of $ 2,000 will be awarded to one student winner in each category. 21. What does the author say about the first writing contest? A. It provides two categories. B. It is for students of all ages. C. It accepts entries (参赛作品) submitted online. D. It selects two winners in total. 22. Which entry is suitable for NSHSS Creative Writing Scholarship? A. A dramatic script. B. An unpublished poem. C. Fiction of over 5,000 words. D. A single-spaced critical essay. 23. What is the similarity between the two contests? A. They encourage creative writing. B. They have a word limit on entries. C. They welcome writings of any type. D. They require submissions to be formatted. B When Chase Bailey was found to have autism (自闭症) at 2, his mother Mary Bailey feared he’d never enjoy a typical life. Indeed, he hasn’t. Occupied with appearances with famous people and hosting his own cooking show, Chase’s life is anything but typical. During the past years, the teenager has cooked noodles with food master Roy Choi and baked cookies for guests at a celebration in Los Angeles. The days when Chase would eat nothing but pizza, chicken, French fries, and chocolate chip cookies almost seem like a distant memory. For him to go from that to cooking and eating all kinds of different things is pretty astonishing. After the diagnosis (诊断) of Chase’s disease, friends prepared Mary for the worst: He’d never be able to have a job, never learn to socialize, and never be independent. Like many autistic patients, the sight, smell, feel and taste of almost everything on Chase’s plate tipped him over the edge. However, when he watched cooking shows with his grandfather, he became addicted to seeing people enjoy what they were eating and started asking to try some of the food on the shows. Two years later, he recorded the first episode (集) of “Chase N Yur Face” with the help of his mother, which they posted on social media. The show quickly caught the attention of autism groups. Chase started reaching out to chefs he admired by email to invite them to tape episodes with him. In the show which has more than 30 episodes, a confident Chase cooks everything from cupcakes to roasted meats. It has harvested tens of thousands of views. He dreams of one day seeing his show on television and wants to open his own restaurant. He hopes his experience can help others with autism. “Don’t be afraid to be yourself,” he said. 24. How is Chase’s life? A. It is a typical one. B. It is full of bitter experiences. C. It is like other autistic kids’. D. It is beyond his mom’s expectations. 25. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 indicate? A. Food was appealing to Chase. B. Food on Chase’s plate tasted bad. C. Chase had no appetite for most food. D. Chase wanted to cook himself. 26. Where did Chase get the inspiration to learn to cook? A From autism groups. B. From his grandfather. C. From food masters. D. From cooking programs. 27. Which is the best title of the text? A. Food Changed Chase’s Life B. Cooking Is a Treatment for Autism C. A Cooking Show Cures an Autistic Teenager D. Chase Turns Food Fear into Love of Cooking C You expect wolves to howl (嗥叫) . You know their sound, a long and loud cry, from movies. But you were shocked the first time you heard your pet make a similar sound when it heard a siren (汽笛). You might ask, “Why does my dog howl at sirens?” For a long time, the explanation was simple: it hurts. Dogs’ hearing is so much more sensitive than ours that a sound that’s just annoying to us must be excruciating for them. However, many dog owners question its validity: when dogs howl at sirens, they don’t appear to be in any pain. Also, most howling dogs don’t appear to be acting fearfully by hiding or shaking as they do with scary sounds such as the noise of thunder. Canine (犬的) science points us in another direction, to dogs cousins and ancestors, the wolves. For a wolf pack, howling occurs to determine the location of pack members or discourage other animals from approaching. Or, it may be a way to warn the pack about an abnormal situation nearby. Dogs may be alike in this aspect. If your dog howls at a loud sound, it might be to get your attention. In the case of an emergency vehicle siren or a home alarm, dogs may simply want to make sure you’re aware that a sound that is not usual or expected is occurring so you can do something about it. However, they might howl at the siren, especially one that’s on four wheels, as a way to “drive” it away. If the siren gets further away and therefore makes less noise, your dog will feel like the howling helps to discourage the siren. So, now you understand your dog’s insistence on howling when it hears sirens or similar sounds-and whether or not the sound is hurting your pet’s ears. 28. What does the underlined word “excruciating” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Painful. B. Acceptable. C. Confusing. D. Comfortable. 29. Why does the author refer to wolves in paragraph 3? A. To compare them with dogs. B. To show dogs and wolves howl in similar cases. C. To state canine animals’ communication. D To indicate howls are common for dogs and wolves. 30. What is one reason for dogs’ howling at a siren according to the text? A. It hurts their ears. B. It makes them scared. C. They’re warning of abnormal things. D. They’re sensitive 31. How is the text developed? I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. C. D. D There is a trend in New York right now where people are carrying cotton bags for doing the shopping. But new data challenge the common view that cotton bags are better than plastic ones and are planet-friendly. According to the data, an organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to cancel out its overall impact of production. That equals daily use for 54 years for just one bag. Dealing with a bag in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think. You can’t, for example, just put a cotton bag in a garbage can. Even when a cotton bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto it are PVC-based and extremely difficult to break down chemically; thus it can’t be processed to be used again. Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based recycling firm, estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton they receive is wasted this way. That’s not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While growing cotton can use pesticides (杀虫剂) and make rivers dry up due to water consumption, producing lightweight plastic bags uses greenhouse fossil (化石) fuels which can not be changed naturally by bacteria into substances that do not harm the environment, and the bags will pile up in the ocean. Aesop, an Australian brand, is changing the composition of its shopping bags to a 60-40 combination of recycled and organic cotton. It will cost more, but reduce water by 70 to 80 percent. Some brands are turning to other alternatives — designer Anya Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original bag made from recycled water bottles. But in the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. Not every product needs a bag. 32. What is the common people’s attitude to using cotton bags? A. Objective. B. Uncaring. C. Favourable. D. Opposed. 33. What do the figures in paragraph 2 indicate? A. Cotton bags are hard to recycle. B. Cotton bags are strong and long-lasting. C. Processing cotton bags is time-consuming. D. Cotton bags may do more harm than good. 34. Why are some cotton bags wasted in treatment plants? A. Printed patterns make them unrecyclable. B. Logos can’t be removed from them. C. There are too many cotton bags to process. D. Most dyes damage the environment. 35. What does the author advise shoppers to do? A Buy fewer products. B. Reduce the use of bags. C. Seek new alternatives. D. Turn to recycled cotton bags. 第二节（共5小题；每小题25分） Defensiveness is a natural reaction when you feel attacked. ____36____ And it’s one way you escape responsibility for your actions when facing a difficult or unpleasant person or situation. In conversations, though, defensiveness can quickly destroy any hopes of understanding and moving forward. So how can you respond to defensiveness? Meeting defensiveness with defensiveness is likely to increase the tension rather than remove it. Saying “don’t take it personally” probably won’t help either. ____37____ So arguing with a defensive person, becoming defensive yourself, or being judgmental will confirm their anxiety. You should avoid getting defensive in return. When a person is defensive, they’re acting on emotion. Trying to reason with someone in the face of strong emotions is unlikely to be productive. If emotions are running high, you may want to walk away for a while, collect your thoughts, and come back to the conversation later until you feel in control. ____38____ One way to manage defensiveness and the dysregulation (调节异常) that comes with it is to follow some communication ground rules. For example, you might agree that each person gets the chance to speak without interruption while the other person listens. ____39____ Then switch roles. In this way, you can add structure to your conversation. ____40____ Doing that may help you take things less personally and avoid getting them to think that you’re judging them. Ask questions with a genuine interest, and try to understand why they feel defensive. If it’s a response to something you said or did or your tone, apologize for that and try a different approach next time. A. Getting defensive protects you and your feelings. B. You should get curious about the other person’s opinion. C. If, this is the case, tell the other person that you need space. D. Defensiveness is usually born out of fear of refusal or judgment. E. It makes sense that you want to pick up helpful tips on coping with it. F. There’re also situations where defensiveness creates an unhealthy state. G. The listener can reflect the information received and confirm the speaker’s feelings 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a ___41___ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down ___42___. Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were ___43___ and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better ___44___ the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no ___45___ where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay___46___. I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in ___47___. Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I ___48___ my location online and explained what I was ___49___, wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a ____50____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more ____51____. Then I saw a big ____52____ in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, ____53____ the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the ____54____. I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house,I burst into tears of ____55____. 41. A. shortcut B. turn C. look D. risk 42. A. soon B. fast C. lightly D. suddenly 43. A. locked B. closed C. frozen D. broken 44. A. follow B. cover C. mark D. remember 45. A. plan B. clue C. doubt D. problem 46. A. awake B. calm C. warm D. still 47. A. confusion B. trouble C. embarrassment D. panic 48. A. confirmed B. found C. posted D. checked 49. A. looking at B. going through C. searching for D. carrying out 50. A. tip B. comment C. like D. message 51. A. inspired B. relieved C. convinced D. amazed 52. A. policeman B. creature C. shadow D. figure 53. A. fighting B. avoiding C. checking D. reporting 54. A. goal B. danger C. depth D. direction 55. A. hope B. love C. gratitude D. pride 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 语法填空 From hutong to palaces, Beijing is home to more than 3,000 years of ____56____ (attract) history. But for its ancient wonders, Beijing also shows the modern life to the ____57____ (high) degree, with towering buildings and the cultural relics (遗迹) coexisting ____58____ perfect harmony. In a word, Beijing is such a city ____59____ the history meets modernity. ____60____ (visit) it several times over the last 10 years, I became interested in this amazing city. So when I finally got the chance to work here I jumped at the opportunity to explore as much of the capital ____61____ I could. I have spent nearly 2 years recording everything I discovered through my camera. I’ve made many of my best ____62____ (discover) purely by accident, on an early morning run through one of the many parks, or while exploring a hutong ____63____ (aimless). The remarkable development of this city which ____64____ (design) to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new _____65_____ (offer). I will be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years and discovering more of it. 第四部分 写作（25分） 66. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I faced a tight budget when I was nine. On November Ist, I used up most of the money I saved. With a small amount of pocket money left before Christmas I didn’t have enough to buy presents for the family. I was seriously considering going to my dad and asking for an advance on the next year’s pocket money, so I could at least buy gifts for my family members. But then, one evening, I was sitting in my room reading advertisements in the back of a magazine. Several greeting-card companies were telling us how people could make money by selling their cards and stationery (文具). Normally, I would have passed right over the ads, but this time my situation was so difficult that I felt I had nothing to lose. The ad that attracted me most was one by a well-known greeting-card company in my nation, whose products were of high quality. With my parents’ help, I contacted the company, although they preferred adults or older kids to advertise their products. After my sincere request, they agreed to give me, a nine-year-old boy, a chance. My sales materials arrived within the week. I had expected something small and neat, but the package looked like a dinosaur’s shoebox it was close to three feet long and nearly a foot wide, full of stuff. There was a thick binder (活页夹) containing a complete selection of the cards and some writing paper, which I would be selling for around $3 per box. Although my parents supported my try to make money by myself, they had little confidence in my success; after all, instead of an outgoing kid, I was somewhat shy. However, I was determined to have a try to challenge myself. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Wasting no time, I set off and knocked on doors in my neighborhood. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eventually, I earned over $20, a large sum of money for a 9-year-old kid in 1954. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$