专题04 形容词(讲案)-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)

2024-06-28
| 2份
| 28页
| 316人阅读
| 10人下载
精品
永升英语辅导与试题研究
进店逛逛

内容正文:

专题01名词-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用) 专题04 形容词(讲义) 目录 01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点一 形容词的词形转换----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点二 形容词的比较级和最高级-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 考点三 倍数表达法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 考点四 形容词比较级的基本句型-------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 考点五 形容词作状语----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 专题04 形容词(讲义) 01 考情分析 考情分析:分析2021-2024年新高考有关形容词的考向分布。 题型 语法填空 高考考点 形容词 新高考I卷 2024 functional closed 2023 taste--tasty 2022 2021 hot--hotter 新高考II卷 2024 2023 confidence--confident 2022 sleep--asleep 2021 浙江1月高考卷 2024 2023 space -- spacious simple--simpler 2022 2021 small--smaller low--lower 02 知识概览 03 必备知识 考点一 形容词的词形转换 1.形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 提示 如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing),还是“感到……”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感受(-ed)。具体如下: (1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事,表示事物的性质特征,常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物时,则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 2.词形转换的具体总结 形容词后缀 1.形容词后缀-able (1)能……的;可……的 accept→acceptable    可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的 rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 change→changeable 易变的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的 (2)具有……的特点 enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的 suit→suitable 合适的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 fashion→fashionable 时髦的 reason→reasonable 合理的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 value→valuable 有价值的 knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的 2.形容词后缀-ful/-less cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 thought→thoughtful 周到的;深思的 peace→peaceful 和平的 success→successful 成功的 regret→regretful 后悔的 harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的 help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的;无能的 hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的 use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的;无效的 power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的 meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的 3.形容词后缀-ive/-ative act→active 积极的;活跃的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 create→creative 创造性的 progress→progressive 进步的 talk→talkative 健谈的(别忘了字母a) effect→effective 有效的 4.形容词后缀-ous(ous还是ious一定要记清楚) continue→continuous 不断的;持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 小心的;谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 danger→dangerous 危险的 humor→humorous 幽默的 mountain→mountainous 多山的 poison→poisonous 有毒的 ambition→ambitious 有野心的 religion→religious 宗教的 space→spacious 宽敞的;广阔的 5.形容词后缀-ble/-ible horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的;糟糕的 vision→visible 看得见的 access→accessible 容易达到的;容易取得的 6.形容词后缀-y fog→foggy 多雾的 taste→tasty 美味的;可口的 luck→lucky 幸运的 health→healthy 健康的 dirt→dirty 有灰尘的;脏的 greed→greedy 贪婪的 sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的 7.形容词后缀-al/-ial culture→cultural 文化的 agriculture→agricultural 农业的 practice→practical 实际的 music→musical 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 person→personal 个人的;私人的 center→central 中央的;中心的 nature→natural 自然的;天生的 tradition→traditional 传统的 option→optional 可选择的,选修的 profession→professional 专业的;职业的 benefit→beneficial 有益的 face→facial 面部的(看起来很简单但很容易错) industry→industrial 工业的 finance→financial 金融的 8.形容词后缀-ic science→scientific 科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的 history→historical 具有重大历史意义的 energy→energetic 精力充沛的 class→classic 经典的 9.形容词后缀-en wood→wooden 木制的 gold→golden 金色的 wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的 10.形容词后缀-ly dead→deadly 致命的 live→lively 活跃的 friend→friendly 友好的 year→yearly 每年的 month→monthly 每月的 week→weekly 每周的 day→daily 每日的;日常的 cost→costly 昂贵的 order→orderly 有次序的 【高考真题】 1.(2024·新高考I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. 2.(2024·新高考I卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56.       (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. 4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something ________ (use). 考点二 形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词比较级和最高级的构成(+­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 +­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母+­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful [特别注意] (1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加­er和­est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 形容词的比较级 ①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. 如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。 ②The earlier the treatment is given,the better the patient's chances. 病人越早接受治疗,康复的可能性就越大。 ③Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机,我喜欢较小的一个,它便于携带。 考点总结 1.比较级的修饰语常见的有rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit等。 2.比较级+than...“比……更”;less...than“不如……”。 3.the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”。 4.the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。 形容词的最高级 ①The happiest are not those who own all the best things,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life. 最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人,而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。 ②This is the best song by far that I've ever heard. 这是我听过的最好听的歌。 ③—Are you pleased with what he has done? —Not a bit.It couldn't be any worse. ——你对他做的事满意吗? ——一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。 ④I'm sure I was the last person in the word he want to accept assistance from. 我确信在这个世界上,他最不希望接受我的帮助了。 1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。 2.最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like等。 3.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。 4.the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。 【高考真题】 1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 考点三 倍数表达法 ①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one. 为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。 ②Smoking is harmful to people's health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。 ③The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。 ④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people. 这个价格是平时的10倍,一般人根本买不起。 考点总结 表示倍数的几个句型 1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as... 2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than... 3.倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/height等)+of... 4.The+名词+be+倍数+what从句 5.The+名词+be+倍数+that/those of... 【典例分析】 1.Some think online shopping is more convenient and the goods sold on the Internet are (cheap) than going shopping in traditional ways. 2.(2024·重庆市第一中学高三质量抽测)Jack likes science, so he thinks the AI Club is much (enjoyable) than the Chess Club. 3.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 4.Although we do not know very much about what kind of life forms exist in deep ocean trenches(深海沟), marine scientists have found a certain type of jellyfish(水母) in the Mariana Trench, the world’s (deep)ocean area. 5.The Yellow River, the second (long) river in China, is called the mother river of the Chinese nation. 6.(陕西卷) My mum makes the (good) biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点四 形容词比较级的基本句型 形容词比较等级的基本句型 句型(1):as + adj./ adv.原级 + as  / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级+as  注意:当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 This is as good an example as the other is. = This is an example as good as the other is.  句型(2) adj./ adv.比较级+ than / less + adj./ adv.原级+ than  You are less tall than I. 注意: 比较级后面跟有名词时,有时需要加适当的冠词。 Tom is the taller of the two brothers. I have never read a better story. 句型(3) the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(…have ever …) This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had. 注意: ①当没有比较的范围时,most表示非常,相当于very,此时没有比较概念。例如: Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. ②"否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。         Nothing is so easy as this.        =Nothing is easier than this.        =This is the easiest thing. We couldn’t feel better. 比较等级的修饰语 ①强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。 注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。 如:He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。 ③原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。 句型(4)the+比较级,the+比较级。表示“越…越…” The more you practise,the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 (+ than)”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。 句型(5)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。 如:This room is less beautiful than that one. 句型(6)不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构,意思是“越来越……”。 如:The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. (8)三者及其以上之间的比较,要用最高级。 (9)否定词+比较级,可以用来表达最高级的意思。如: I couldn’t agree more.我非常同意。 (10)某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。 He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry. (11)用介词by表示相差的程度。 He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。 (12)more.., than...表示“如其说……不如说……”。 It is more blue than green.如其说是绿的,不如说是蓝的。 【高考真题】 1.(2020年浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before. 2.(2018新课标I卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners. 3.(2018年浙江卷)There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems. 4.(2020北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___(smart)than the Neanderthals. 5.(2019新课标I卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are. 考点五 形容词作状语 形容词作状语(读后续写常用句型) ①Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and satisfied. 被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常高兴,满足地跑回了家。 ②Helpless,we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 ③Scared and alone,Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend. 由于害怕和孤独,一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友,之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。 04 关键能力 1.高考评价体系要求:考生能在具体的语境中,准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高形容词运用能力的基本策略: 策略1:掌握词性转换的基本知识和词性变化规则,尤其是常见的后缀变化 策略2:分析句子结构,确定句子成分 ①表示事物的性质或状态,作表语、定语——用形容词。 ②修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,作状语——用副词。 2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识 【考例分析】 (2024·江苏省南通市徐州市高三2月决胜新高考大联考) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ancient times, Quzhou, a city in the western part of Zhejiang province, 1 (know) as a center for spreading Confucianism. However, with time it lost its 2 (significant), and some people cannot even pronounce the city’s name 3 (correct), as the first character, qu, is written in a complicated way. Quzhou, 4 (boast) a population of about 2. 27 million, has become one of the most popular tour destinations for young Chinese this year, thanks to the 5 (power) impact of a number of pop stars, who have added the city to their performance schedules. In March 2023, singer-songwriter Xue Zhiqian held two concerts at the Quzhou Sports Center, which was designed by architect Ma Yansong 6 has a capacity of more than 30, 000. Hotels in the city reported record-setting occupancy levels, even though they raised their room rates due to the surging demand. The nation’s booming performing arts scene has also helped promote tourism, a report 7 (release) by the China Association of Performing Arts said. Large cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, are no strangers 8 pop stars drawing up tour plans. However. 9 handful of third-tier and lower-tier cities were also included in artists’ schedules. Since March, Quzhou 10 (stage) concerts by other pop stars, including Jeff Chang and Alex To. along with music festivals and galas featuring singers such as Li Yuchun and Pu Shu. ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题01名词-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用) 专题04 形容词(讲义) 目录 01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点一 形容词的词形转换----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点二 形容词的比较级和最高级-------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 考点三 倍数表达法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 考点四 形容词比较级的基本句型-------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 考点五 形容词作状语----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 专题04 形容词(讲义) 01 考情分析 考情分析:分析2021-2024年新高考有关形容词的考向分布。 题型 语法填空 高考考点 形容词 新高考I卷 2024 functional closed 2023 taste--tasty 2022 2021 hot--hotter 新高考II卷 2024 2023 confidence--confident 2022 sleep--asleep 2021 浙江1月高考卷 2024 2023 space -- spacious simple--simpler 2022 2021 small--smaller low--lower 02 知识概览 03 必备知识 考点一 形容词的词形转换 1.形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 提示 如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing),还是“感到……”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感受(-ed)。具体如下: (1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事,表示事物的性质特征,常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物时,则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 2.词形转换的具体总结 形容词后缀 1.形容词后缀-able (1)能……的;可……的 accept→acceptable    可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的 rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 change→changeable 易变的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 believe→believable 可相信的 (2)具有……的特点 enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的 suit→suitable 合适的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 fashion→fashionable 时髦的 reason→reasonable 合理的 特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间 value→valuable 有价值的 knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的 2.形容词后缀-ful/-less cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 thought→thoughtful 周到的;深思的 peace→peaceful 和平的 success→successful 成功的 regret→regretful 后悔的 harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的 help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的;无能的 hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的 use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的;无效的 power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的 meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的 3.形容词后缀-ive/-ative act→active 积极的;活跃的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 create→creative 创造性的 progress→progressive 进步的 talk→talkative 健谈的(别忘了字母a) effect→effective 有效的 4.形容词后缀-ous(ous还是ious一定要记清楚) continue→continuous 不断的;持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 小心的;谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 danger→dangerous 危险的 humor→humorous 幽默的 mountain→mountainous 多山的 poison→poisonous 有毒的 ambition→ambitious 有野心的 religion→religious 宗教的 space→spacious 宽敞的;广阔的 5.形容词后缀-ble/-ible horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的;糟糕的 vision→visible 看得见的 access→accessible 容易达到的;容易取得的 6.形容词后缀-y fog→foggy 多雾的 taste→tasty 美味的;可口的 luck→lucky 幸运的 health→healthy 健康的 dirt→dirty 有灰尘的;脏的 greed→greedy 贪婪的 sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的 7.形容词后缀-al/-ial culture→cultural 文化的 agriculture→agricultural 农业的 practice→practical 实际的 music→musical 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 person→personal 个人的;私人的 center→central 中央的;中心的 nature→natural 自然的;天生的 tradition→traditional 传统的 option→optional 可选择的,选修的 profession→professional 专业的;职业的 benefit→beneficial 有益的 face→facial 面部的(看起来很简单但很容易错) industry→industrial 工业的 finance→financial 金融的 8.形容词后缀-ic science→scientific 科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的 history→historical 具有重大历史意义的 energy→energetic 精力充沛的 class→classic 经典的 9.形容词后缀-en wood→wooden 木制的 gold→golden 金色的 wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的 10.形容词后缀-ly dead→deadly 致命的 live→lively 活跃的 friend→friendly 友好的 year→yearly 每年的 month→monthly 每月的 week→weekly 每周的 day→daily 每日的;日常的 cost→costly 昂贵的 order→orderly 有次序的 【高考真题】 1.(2024·新高考I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】functional 【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。 2.(2024·新高考I卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56.       (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. 【答案】tasty  【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词修饰后面的名词 soup作定语,故空处需用tasty “美味的”。 4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something ________ (use). 【答案】useful  【解析】修饰不定代词时,形容词后置,此处指有用的事。故填useful。 考点二 形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词比较级和最高级的构成(+­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 +­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母+­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful [特别注意] (1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加­er和­est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 形容词的比较级 ①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. 如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。 ②The earlier the treatment is given,the better the patient's chances. 病人越早接受治疗,康复的可能性就越大。 ③Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机,我喜欢较小的一个,它便于携带。 考点总结 1.比较级的修饰语常见的有rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit等。 2.比较级+than...“比……更”;less...than“不如……”。 3.the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”。 4.the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。 形容词的最高级 ①The happiest are not those who own all the best things,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life. 最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人,而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。 ②This is the best song by far that I've ever heard. 这是我听过的最好听的歌。 ③—Are you pleased with what he has done? —Not a bit.It couldn't be any worse. ——你对他做的事满意吗? ——一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。 ④I'm sure I was the last person in the word he want to accept assistance from. 我确信在这个世界上,他最不希望接受我的帮助了。 1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。 2.最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like等。 3.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。 4.the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。 【高考真题】 1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】largest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。 2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 【答案】simpler 【解析】 考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 考点三 倍数表达法 ①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one. 为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。 ②Smoking is harmful to people's health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。 ③The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。 ④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people. 这个价格是平时的10倍,一般人根本买不起。 考点总结 表示倍数的几个句型 1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as... 2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than... 3.倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/height等)+of... 4.The+名词+be+倍数+what从句 5.The+名词+be+倍数+that/those of... 【典例分析】 1.Some think online shopping is more convenient and the goods sold on the Internet are (cheap) than going shopping in traditional ways. 【答案】cheaper 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:一些人认为网上购物更方便,网上出售的商品比传统的购物方式更便宜。根据后文than可知,此处表示比较的概念,应用cheap“便宜的”比较级。故填cheaper。 2.(2024·重庆市第一中学高三质量抽测)Jack likes science, so he thinks the AI Club is much (enjoyable) than the Chess Club. 【答案】more enjoyable 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:杰克喜欢科学,所以他认为AI俱乐部比国际象棋俱乐部有趣得多。根据than可知,此处使用形容词比较级more enjoyable“更有趣的”,作表语。故填more enjoyable。 3.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 【答案】simpler 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 4.Although we do not know very much about what kind of life forms exist in deep ocean trenches(深海沟), marine scientists have found a certain type of jellyfish(水母) in the Mariana Trench, the world’s (deep)ocean area. 【答案】deepest 【解析】考查形容词。句意:虽然我们对深海海沟中存在什么样的生命形式并不十分了解,但海洋科学家在世界上最深的海洋区域马里亚纳海沟中发现了某种水母。形容词deep意为“深的”。此处指世界上最深的海洋区域,故填形容词deep的最高级,故答案为deepest。 5.The Yellow River, the second (long) river in China, is called the mother river of the Chinese nation. 【答案】longest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄河是中国第二大河,被称为中华民族的母亲河。根据空前“the second”以及常识可知黄河是中国第二长河,设空处应填形容词long的最高级longest,修饰名词river,作定语。故填longest。 6.(陕西卷) My mum makes the (good) biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】best 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:我妈妈做的是世界上最好的饼干,所以我决定向她求助。分析句子可知,空格处应用形容词,作定语,根据句中定冠词“the”和“in the world”可知,句中应用形容词最高级,“good”意为“好的”,形容词词性,最高级为“best”,意为“最好的”,句中表示世界上最好的饼干。故填best。 考点四 形容词比较级的基本句型 形容词比较等级的基本句型 句型(1):as + adj./ adv.原级 + as  / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级+as  注意:当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 This is as good an example as the other is. = This is an example as good as the other is.  句型(2) adj./ adv.比较级+ than / less + adj./ adv.原级+ than  You are less tall than I. 注意: 比较级后面跟有名词时,有时需要加适当的冠词。 Tom is the taller of the two brothers. I have never read a better story. 句型(3) the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(…have ever …) This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had. 注意: ①当没有比较的范围时,most表示非常,相当于very,此时没有比较概念。例如: Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. ②"否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。         Nothing is so easy as this.        =Nothing is easier than this.        =This is the easiest thing. We couldn’t feel better. 比较等级的修饰语 ①强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。 注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。 如:He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。 ③原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。 句型(4)the+比较级,the+比较级。表示“越…越…” The more you practise,the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 (+ than)”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。 句型(5)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。 如:This room is less beautiful than that one. 句型(6)不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构,意思是“越来越……”。 如:The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. (8)三者及其以上之间的比较,要用最高级。 (9)否定词+比较级,可以用来表达最高级的意思。如: I couldn’t agree more.我非常同意。 (10)某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。 He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry. (11)用介词by表示相差的程度。 He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。 (12)more.., than...表示“如其说……不如说……”。 It is more blue than green.如其说是绿的,不如说是蓝的。 【高考真题】 1.(2020年浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before. 【答案】older 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。 2.(2018新课标I卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners. 【答案】longer 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:根据医学杂志的证据回顾,跑步者比非跑步者多活三年。后面有than,所以用比较级。 3.(2018年浙江卷)There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems. 【答案】higher 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:对你的健康可能有一个甚至更高成本。研究人员发现,外出食用食物的增加与体重问题的增加有直接联系。此处修饰名词cost用形容词,even表示程度,修饰比较级,故填higher。 4.(2020北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___(smart)than the Neanderthals. 【答案】smarter 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词,设空处后的than表示比较,应用比较级。故答案为smarter。 5.(2019新课标I卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are. 【答案】higher 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:科学家们回应说,饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类定居区周围,这导致了一种错觉,认为它们的数量比实际数量要高。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。 考点五 形容词作状语 形容词作状语(读后续写常用句型) ①Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and satisfied. 被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常高兴,满足地跑回了家。 ②Helpless,we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 ③Scared and alone,Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend. 由于害怕和孤独,一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友,之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。 04 关键能力 1.高考评价体系要求:考生能在具体的语境中,准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高形容词运用能力的基本策略: 策略1:掌握词性转换的基本知识和词性变化规则,尤其是常见的后缀变化 策略2:分析句子结构,确定句子成分 ①表示事物的性质或状态,作表语、定语——用形容词。 ②修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,作状语——用副词。 2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识 【考例分析】 (2024·江苏省南通市徐州市高三2月决胜新高考大联考) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ancient times, Quzhou, a city in the western part of Zhejiang province, 1 (know) as a center for spreading Confucianism. However, with time it lost its 2 (significant), and some people cannot even pronounce the city’s name 3 (correct), as the first character, qu, is written in a complicated way. Quzhou, 4 (boast) a population of about 2. 27 million, has become one of the most popular tour destinations for young Chinese this year, thanks to the 5 (power) impact of a number of pop stars, who have added the city to their performance schedules. In March 2023, singer-songwriter Xue Zhiqian held two concerts at the Quzhou Sports Center, which was designed by architect Ma Yansong 6 has a capacity of more than 30, 000. Hotels in the city reported record-setting occupancy levels, even though they raised their room rates due to the surging demand. The nation’s booming performing arts scene has also helped promote tourism, a report 7 (release) by the China Association of Performing Arts said. Large cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, are no strangers 8 pop stars drawing up tour plans. However. 9 handful of third-tier and lower-tier cities were also included in artists’ schedules. Since March, Quzhou 10 (stage) concerts by other pop stars, including Jeff Chang and Alex To. along with music festivals and galas featuring singers such as Li Yuchun and Pu Shu. 【答案】 1.was known 2.significance 3.correctly 4.boasting 5.powerful 6.and 7.released 8.to 9.a 10. has staged 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍浙江省西部的一个城市衢州,现因为大批歌迷涌向该城市举行的音乐会而充满生机。 1.考查时态语态。句意:在古代,浙江省西部的一个城市衢州被称为传播儒家思想的中心。分析句子可知,这里应填谓语动词,Quzhou和know(知悉,了解)为被动关系,且由In ancient times可知,讲述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was known。 2.考查名词。句意:然而,随着时间的推移,它失去了意义,有些人甚至无法正确发音城市的名字,因为第一个字“衢”的书写方式很复杂。分析句子可知,此空应填名词作宾语,significance表“意义”,为不可数名词,符合句意。故填significance。 3.考查副词。句意:然而,随着时间的推移,它失去了意义,有些人甚至无法正确发音城市的名字,因为第一个字“衢”的书写方式很复杂。分析句子可知,此空应填副词correctly作状语,修饰前面动词。故填correctly。 4.考查非谓语。句意:衢州,人口约227万,已经成为今年最受中国年轻人欢迎的旅游目的地之一,这要归功于许多流行歌星的强大影响力,他们将这座城市加入了他们的演出日程。分析句子可知,这里考查非谓语,逻辑主语Quzhou和boast(有(值得自豪的东西))之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语,表主动。故填boasting。 5.考查形容词。句意:衢州,人口约227万,已经成为今年最受中国年轻人欢迎的旅游目的地之一,这要归功于许多流行歌星的强大影响力,他们将这座城市加入了他们的演出日程。分析句子可知,这里应用形容词powerful作定语,修饰后面名词。故填powerful。 6.考查连词。句意:2023年3月,创作型歌手薛之谦在衢州体育中心举办了两场演唱会,该中心由建筑师马岩松设计,可容纳3万多人。分析句子可知,“was designed by architect Ma Yansong”和“has a capacity of more than 30, 000”为并列关系,所以这里应用并列连词and。故填and。 7.考查非谓语。句意:中国表演艺术协会发布的一份报告称,中国蓬勃发展的表演艺术也促进了旅游业的发展。分析句子可知,这里考查非谓语,逻辑主语a report和release(发布)为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,表被动。故填released。 8.考查介词。句意:包括北京、上海和广东省省会广州在内的大城市,对制定巡演计划的流行歌星并不陌生。分析句子可知,这里考查be no stranger to表“对……并不陌生”,为固定搭配。故填to。 9.考查冠词。句意:然而少数三线及以下城市也被列入了艺术家的日程。a handful of是固定短语,意为“少数;少量的”。故填a。 10.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:今年3月以来,衢州还举办了其他流行歌星的演唱会,包括張信哲和杜德伟,以及以李宇春和朴树等歌手为主角的音乐节和晚会。分析句子可知,这里考查谓语动词,主语Quzhou和stage(主办,举行)为主动关系,结合时间状语Since March可知,讲述从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时态,又因主语是专有名词,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has staged。 ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

专题04 形容词(讲案)-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
1
专题04 形容词(讲案)-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
2
专题04 形容词(讲案)-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通(江苏专用)
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。