Day 6 非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)

2024-06-27
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Day 6非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语精讲精练 【非谓语动词】 1.定义:顾名思义,非谓语动词就是不可以做谓语的动词,已经失去动词性词性的一种形式。 2.种类:非谓语动词一共有三种形式,即 to do 表目的和将来,doing表主动和进行,done表被动和完成。同时,非谓语动词也有时态也语态的变化。见下表 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分 词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done × × √ √ √ √ 过去分词 一般式 done(vt.) × × √ √ √ √ 例句感知: 1.Last night,there were millions of people viewing the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上,有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 2.The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天举行的会议非常重要。 3.I couldn't d focus on my homework with all that noise bothering me. 由于噪音打扰,我没法做作业。 4.Having signed up for a voluntary activity,I'm terribly sorry for not being able to tour the museum with you this Saturday. 我报名参加了一项志愿活动,很抱歉这个星期六不能和你一起参观博物馆。 3.用法之非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词做状语是高中阶段必须熟练掌握且正确应用的语法点,是非谓语动词极为高频的用法。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。 1.现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语,常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 Lying still in the grass,waiting,he heard the sound of the wild. 他静静地躺在草丛里,等待着,天籁之音不绝于耳。 Aiming to improve our spokrn English, an English speech contest will be held tomorrow. 旨在提高我们的英语口语,明天将会举行一个英语演讲比赛。 2.过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Defeated by the competitior,he was greatly let down. 被队友击败了,他极度失望。 [注意] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有:located,seated,hidden,lost/absorbed/buried in,dressed in,tired of,faced with。 Located in BeiJing, the Forbidden City is a well-known places of interest . 紫禁城坐落在北京,是著名的名胜古迹。 3.不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语,意为“为了;以便”。 To enjoy a grander sight,you must climb to a greater height. 欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。 (2)作结果状语,常用于only to do结构中。 Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it was too small. 她焦急地从包裹里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现太小了。 [注意] 动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。 (3)作原因状语,常用于“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有:happy,lucky,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,desperate,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased,fortunate,right等。 She was embarrassed to find out she was the one to blame. 她很尴尬地发现,她是那个该受责备的人。 4.用法之非谓语动词作定语 1.现在分词作定语,表主动、正在进行;若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构。 Chinese shadow puppets has a long history dating back to more than 2,000 years ago. 中国皮影戏有着悠久的历史,可以追溯到2 000多年前。 2.过去分词作定语,表示被动、完成。 The university is known for its language and culture courses designed/intended for international students. 这所大学以其为国际学生开设的语言和文化课程而闻名。 She grabbed a boiled egg for breakfast. 她随手拿了一个煮鸡蛋当早餐。 [注意] 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和done两种。doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。 3.动名词作定语,表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。 No one is allowed/permitted to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 4.不定式作定语,表示动作尚未发生 She bought a bookshelf to put her books on. 她买了一个书架放书。 5.由序数词,the only,the last,the next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个到,最后一个走。 6.被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way 等。 Whenever you meet a chance to succeed, just size it. 不论什么时候你遇到成功的机会,那就抓住它 5.用法之非谓语动词作宾语 1.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) (1)三个希望两答应(hope,wish,expect,agree,promise) (2)两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse) (3)设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide/determine) (4)不要假装在选择(pretend,choose/select) (5)打算提出俩计划(intend,offer,plan,mean) (6)申请失败负担起(apply,fail,afford) (7)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare,desire,happen) (8)此外,happen,threaten,can't wait等也要用不定式作宾语 He had intended to give Tom a hand but he didn’t manage to do it . 他本打算帮汤姆一把,但是他没能做到。 [注意] allow,permit,advise,suggest后需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补,即allow/permit/advise doing/sb to do sth。 2.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语) (1)喜欢考虑不逃避(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid) (2)不禁放弃去冒险(can’t help,give up,risk) (3)感激承认不否认(appreciate,admit,deny) (4)介意想象莫推迟(mind,imagine,delay,put off) (5)允许完成最期望(allow/permit,finish,look forward to) (6)建议继续勤操练(suggest,go on,practise) (7)致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to,excuse,insist on) (8)继续成功不错过(keep on,succeed in,miss) She was so devoted to reading the novel that she didn’t notice me 。 [注意] 动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用动词­ing形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 3.下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接动词不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别: I remembered to give you this book today,but I forgot. 我本来记得今天要给你这本书的,可是我忘了。 She remembered receiving a gift from Tom, but it turned to be a mistake. 她记得收到过汤姆的一份礼物,但事实证明她记错了。 专项练习 一、单句语法填空 1.I begged Helen ________ (stay), but she wouldn’t listen. 2.From now on, I hope every one of us will struggle________ (make) our dream come true. 3.Many teenagers will struggle ________(find) a sense of belonging. 4.It is difficult ________ (describe) how I feel now. 5.With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese ________(appreciate) China’s culture and history. 6.Please don’t hesitate ________ (call) me if you need any help. 7.She doesn’t like ________ (label) as an incapable woman. 8.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ________ (receive) a Nobel Prize, ________ (award) for her contributions to fight against malaria. 9.The building project ________ (carry) out next year is, I think, not easy to complete in time. 10.Tu Youyou’s education was soon ________ (prove) very useful. 11.Over 300,000 people came here from all over the world ________ (seek) their fortune, and it quickly became a big city. 12.Traditionally, duck is considered ________ (have) cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. 13.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ________(receive)a Nobel Prize for her contributions to the fight against malaria. 14.In fact, much remains ________ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements. Through appreciating Chinese painting, you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people. 15.It is, therefore, urgent ________(update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields. 16.How proud the parents were ________(hear) their son had won first prize! 17.Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him ________ (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination. 18.—Have you seen the film Full River Red by Zhang Yimou? —Yes. The famous poem reminds us ________(be) loyal to our country. 19.Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed ________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town. 20.He needs ________(leave)at once. (leave与he之间不存在动宾关系) 21.In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games  where  all venues (场地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing is the first city in the world ________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games. 22.If you want to know more about Nanjing, the best way ________ (explore) it is on foot or by bike. 23.The bridge ________ (build) next year was designed by a local company. 24.Although Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience ________ (follow). 25.To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy ________ (produce) in large numbers. 26.Our country has made laws ________ (protect) biodiversity (生物多样性) of the Yangtze River. 27.He used to ________ (brother) me and gave me a lot of help. 28.China became the third country in the world ________(send) independently humans into space in2003. 29.More subways are being built in Nanjing ________(make) it more convenient for people to travel from one place to another. 30.The Amazon’s hot climate makes it hard for the soil ________(build) up enough nutrients. 31.The play to be produced next month aims mainly ________ (promote) the local culture. 32.At first, Ryan’s plan was to earn money ________ (build) a single well somewhere in Africa. 33.The well­designed gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art and is worthy________ (visit). 34.The festivals is ________ (hold) next Friday. 35.He has become the first American scientist ________(award) a Nobel prize. 二.语篇填空 The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, 36________ is based on the novel of 37 ________same name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day. After learning the sun is dying out, people all around the world feel 38 ________(frighten), so they build giant planet thrusters (星球推进器) 39 ________( move ) the earth out of its orbit and sail 40 ________ to a new star system. The 2500 years’ journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyone’s 41________ (survive). We 42________(impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn’t particularly show somebody’s ability to save our world 43________shows all the human beings are working together, 44________ (spare) no effort to save this world. The Wandering Earth is seen by people as the dawn(开端) of Chinese science fiction movies. It means that China’s sci-fi movies have 45________ (official) set sail. 参考答案: 1.to stay 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我请求海伦留下来,但她不听。beg sb. to do sth为固定短语,意为“请求某人做某事”,空白处应填动词不定式,做宾补,故填to stay。 2.to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从现在起,我希望我们每个人都将努力实现我们的梦想。struggle to do sth努力做某事,不定式作宾语。故填to make。 3.to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:许多青少年很难找到归属感。struggle to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“努力做某事”,空处需填动词不定式to find,作宾语。故填to find。 4.to describe 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:很难描述我现在的感受。it作形式主语构成句型“It is+形容词+to do”,故填to describe。 5.to appreciate 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用,越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语,以欣赏中国的文化和历史。此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故填to appreciate。 6.to call 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你需要任何帮助,请不要犹豫给我打电话。hesitate to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“犹豫做某事”,用不定式作宾语。故填to call。 7.to be labeled/being labeled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她不喜欢被称之为无能的女人。此处为非谓语动词作宾语,根据like to do sth.和like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”可知,此处使用不定式或动名词形式作宾语,且label与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系,所以此处使用不定式或动名词的被动形式。故填to be labeled/being labeled。 8. to receive awarded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,以表彰她在抗击疟疾方面的贡献。“(receive) a Nobel Prize”作后置定语,修饰名词词组the first female scientist,当名词前有序数词修饰时,用不定式作后置定语;“(award) for her contributions to fight against malaria”作伴随状语,与其逻辑主语Tu Youyou之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填to receive;awarded。 9.to be carried 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我认为明年将要实施的建筑工程不容易及时完成。分析句子结构可知,该句的谓语是is,空处应用非谓语动词。根据时间状语next year可知,此处表示将要发生的事情,即动作未发生,空处应用动词不定式,作The building project的后置定语。动词短语carry out与名词project之间是被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be carried。 10.to prove 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:屠呦呦的教育很快就证明是有用的。说明主语的内容,用不定式作表语。故填to prove。 11.to seek 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有30多万人从世界各地来到这里寻找财富,很快它就变成了一个大城市。空处作目的状语,需用动词不定式to seek。故填to seek。 12.to have 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:传统上,鸭子被认为具有凉性,因此它适合炎热的夏季。短语be considered to do sth.表示“被认为……”。故填to have。 13.to receive 【详解】考查不定式。句意:屠呦呦因在抗击疟疾方面的贡献,成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式,为固定结构,不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。 14.to be learned/to be learnt 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:其实,中国画和中国画的元素还有很多值得我们学习的地方,通过欣赏中国画,你会对中国传统文化和中国人有更深的理解。分析句子可知,remain是系动词,接不定式作表语,根据句意,主语much与谓语动词learn是被动关系,故用不定式的被动式。故填to be learned/to be learnt。 15.to update 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,迫切需要通过介绍相关领域的最新发展来更新我们的课程。此处It是形式主语,空处应用不定式形式,作真正的主语。故填to update。 16.to hear 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:听到儿子得了第一名,父母是多么自豪啊。此处是固定句型be adj to do sth.,此句中为be proud to do sth“因……感到自豪”,设空处填动词不定式作原因状语,故填to hear。 17.to overcome 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:傅认为,正是他的科学训练方法使他能够克服这些困难并到达目的地。固定短语enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”,空处应用overcome“克服”的不定式形式,作宾语补足语。故填to overcome。 18.to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:——你看过张艺谋的电影《满江红》吗?  ——是的。这首著名的诗提醒我们要忠于祖国。remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”,此处应使用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to be。 19.to give 【详解】考查不定式和固定短语。句意:尽管一开始人们都嘲笑他,但他最终还是为自己的家乡开辟了一条通往附近城镇的道路。manage to do是固定短语,意为“设法完成了某事”,因此空格处是不定式to give,故填to give。 20.to leave   【详解】考查不定式。句意:他需要马上离开。根据题目要求“leave与he之间不存在动宾关系”可知,他主动离开,由at once可知,句子表示“他需要马上离开”,need是实义动词,“需要做某事”是need to do,动词不定式作宾语。故填to leave。 21.to host 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:北京2022年冬奥会是历史上第一届所有场馆都使用清洁能源的奥运会,也是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。设空处在句中作定语,使用非谓语动词,当名词被序数词修饰时,应用动词不定式作定语。故填to host。 22.to explore 【详解】考查不定式。句意:如果你想更多地了解南京,最好的游览方式是步行或骑自行车。way前有最高级the best修饰,因此空格处用不定式作后置定语,故填to explore。 23.to be built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:将于明年建造的这座桥是由当地一家公司设计的。分析句子,句中was designed为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词The bridge,根据句中的next year可知动作未发生,故使用不定式结构作后置定语,同时the bridge与动词build之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故使用不定式的被动结构。故填to be built。 24.to follow 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管Liu的跳跃动作看起来很简单,但常常因强度大,导致网友跟不上。分析句意可知,此处为“too+形容词+to do sth.”句型,表示“太……而不能”符合句意,此处使用动词不定式形式,作结果状语。故填to follow。 25.to produce 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:为了养活地球上70亿人口,今天大多数农民只种植易于大量生产的植物品种。此处为固定结构be adj to do sth.,sth be easy to do意为“某物容易做”,设空处填动词不定式。故填to produce。 26.to protect 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我国已经制定法律以保护长江的生物多样性。句中has made为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to protect。 27.brother 【详解】考查一般过去时和动词不定式。句意:句意:他过去视我为兄弟,并给予了我很多帮助。used to do意为“过去常常做某事”,此处应用to do不定式。故填brother。 28.to send 【详解】考查不定式。句意:2003年,中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式,为固定结构,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to send。 29.to make 【详解】考查非谓语。句意:南京正在修建更多的地铁,使人们从一个地方到另一个地方的出行更加方便。空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 30.to build 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:亚马逊的炎热气候使得土壤很难积累足够的养分。分析句子可知,此处构成“make+it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”结构,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填to build。 31.to promote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:下个月将要上演的这部剧主要旨在推广当地文化。aim to do sth.“目标是做某事”,所以空处需要动词不定式作宾语。故填to promote。 32.to build 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:起初,瑞恩的计划是赚钱在非洲某地打一口井。动词不定式作目的状语。故填to build。 33.to be visited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:精心设计的美术馆收藏了2000件现代艺术作品,值得一游。be worthy to do“值得做”,visit和主语gallery之间是被动关系,故此处用动词不定式的被动式,故填to be visited。 34.to be held 【详解】考查非谓语。句意:节日定于下周五举行。分析句子可知,这里考查非谓语,The festivals与hold为被动关系,再由next Friday可知,这里应用不定式被动语态作表语。故填to be held。 35.to be awarded 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意:他成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的美国科学家。American scientist被序数词the first修饰,空格处用不定式作后置定语,科学家是被授予诺贝尔奖,因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be done,故填to be awarded。 36.which 37.the 38.frightened 39.to move 40.it 41.survival 42.are impressed 43.but 44.sparing 45.officially 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《流浪地球》这部电影的主要内容和意义。 36.考查非限制性定语从句。________is based on the novel of ________ same name by Liu Cixin是非限制性定语从句,修饰a Chinese science fiction movie,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词which引导该从句,故填which。 37.考查冠词。句意:《流浪地球》是一部中国科幻电影,改编自刘慈欣的同名小说。same常和定冠词the连用,故填the。 38.考查形容词。句意:在得知太阳正在消失后,世界各地的人们都感到很害怕。feel是系动词,后面接形容词作表语。表示“(人)害怕的”,应用frightened。故填frightened。 39.考查非谓语动词。句意:所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器,把地球从轨道上移开,把它带到一个新的恒星系统。________ ( move ) the earth out of its orbit and sail ________ to a new star system.是“人们建造行星推进器”的目的,表目的,用动词不定式。故填to move。 40.考查代词。句意:所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器,把地球从轨道上移开,把它带到一个新的恒星系统。该空作sail的宾语,指代the earth,应用it。故填it。 41.考查名词。everyone’s ________(survive)作介词for的宾语,应用名词。且空前有everyone’s(所有人的)修饰。故填survival。 42.考查时态和被动语态。该空作谓语。impress意为“给……留下印象”,主语we和impress之间是被动关系,该句用被动语态。且根据上下文,该句应用一般现在时态。故填are impressed。 43.考查固定搭配。句意:它并没有特别显示某个人拯救世界的能力,而是显示了所有人都在一起努力,不遗余力地挽救这个世界。not…but…表示“不是……而是……”,是固定搭配。故填but。 44.考查非谓语动词。 ________ (spare) no effort to save this world是状语,主语all the human beings和spare no efforts之间是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填sparing。 45.考查副词。句意:《流浪地球》被人们视为中国科幻电影的开山之作。这意味着中国的科幻电影已经正式启航。该空修饰动词短语set sail,应用副词。故填officially。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Day 6 非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)
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Day 6 非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)
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Day 6 非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全(全国通用版)
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