2024-2025学年初升高衔接英语句法知识---被动语态 导学案

初升高衔接英语句法知识---被动语态 清单 被动语态 被动语态的构成 被动语太的用法 使用被动语态应注意的问题 梳理1被动语态的构成 (1) 被动语态的基本结构为:be +动词的过去分词 (2) 各种时态的被动语态如下表： 类别 构成 一般现在时 am / is / are +动词的过去分词 一般过去时 was / were +动词的过去分词 一般将来时 shall / will be +动词的过去分词 过去将来时 should / would be +动词的过去分词 现在进行时 ________________+动词的过去分词 过去进行时 was / were being +动词的过去分词 现在完成时 have / has been +动词的过去分词 过去完成时 ________________+动词的过去分词 含有情态动词的 情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词 梳理2被动语态的用法 当我们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者, 或需要强调或突出动作的__________时，就要用到被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。 梳理3使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 (1) 短语动词变被动语态时，后面的介词或副词等不可丢掉。如： The cat was taken good care of by my mother. (2) 主动句中，感官动词feel, see, watch等及使役动词have, make等后跟省略to的不定式，变被动句时要加不定式符号to。如： He was seen to come this morning. (3) 含双宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时，两个宾语均可作被动句的主语。如将直接宾语变为被动句的主语时，间接宾语前要加________________如： Somebody gave Gina a present yesterday. ---Gina was given a present yesterday. ---A present was given to Gina yesterday. (4) 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。如:happen, rise, appear, die, break out, come true, take place 等。 (5) 连系动词以及表示状态的动词或短语不用于被动语态，如：feel, look, cost, last, stay, own, belong to 等。 (6) 英语中有些不及物动词通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ★某些连系动词，如 smell, taste, sound, become, feel, seem等。如： The flowers smell sweet. These oranges taste good. ★某些可以和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如read, write, wash, clean, draw, bum, cook 等。如： The poem reads smoothly. This pen writes well. ★某些与can’t, won’t等连用的不及物动词， 如move, lock, shut, open 等。如： The door won’t shut. The stone can’t move. (7)want, need, require, be worth 后常用____________的主动形式表示被动意义。如： Your hair want cutting. My clothes need washing. 刷题 I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. It_____________(know) to all that these islands belong to China. 2. I _____________(keep) after school for something last Friday. 3. This question_____________(discuss) at the meeting now. 4.I_____________(invite) to the concert yesterday by the Greens. 5. He_____________(think) to drive badly. 6. When I came in, tea_____________(serve). 7. The new kind of pen_____________(sell) well. 8. The glass_____________(not break) by Leech but by the wind. 9. All the copies of the novel_____________(sell) out in the bookstore, so I have to borrow one from the library. 10. Many kinds of trees_____________(plant) on the hills every spring. 11. The thief_____________(catch) by the police and sent to the police station. 12. Usually, my dog_____________(look after) by my neighbor when I'm away. 13. The boy works hard at school and_____________(praise) by the teacher quite often. ・ 14. Since your work_____________(finish), you can go home now. 15. Your radio_____________(repair) and it will be ready in another hour. 16. The classroom should_____________(clean) every day. 17. A tall building_____________ (build) in our town next year. 18. Look at these beautiful flowers! They_____________(smell) so good. 19. Good news! The missing child_____________(find)! 20. The big earthquake_____________(last) 20 to 30 seconds. II. 把下列各句改为被动句，每空一词(含缩略词)。 1. My father usually cleans the garden after work. The garden_____________usually_____________by my father after work. 2. The teacher made the students copy the text. The students______ _________ _________copy the text. 3. Wesley translates two French storybooks into Chinese every year. Two French storybooks _________ __________ _______Chinese by Wesley every year. 4. You must do your homework today. Your homework _______ __________ _________today. 5. They are holding an important meeting on the third floor. An important meeting _______ __________ _________ on the third floor. 6. People grow tea in the south of China. Tea _______ ___________ ________in the south of China. 7. Today people use computers in both cities and towns. Today ________ __________ ___________ __________people in both cities and towns. 8. Lucy didn't make the model planes. The model planes _______ ___________ __________ Lucy. 9. Sam gave me some flowers this morning. Some flowers_______ ___________ _____________ me by Sam this morning. 10. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike _______ ___________ _____________ my by my father. III. 下列各题中均有一处错误, 找出井改正。 1. This house is built in 2006. 2. His books were taken good care. 3. My homework is always did in the evening. 4. The teacher was asked explain the sentence again. 5. A new house is been built behind our school these days. 6. The accident was happened outside my house. 7. My bike needs repaired. 8. Teenagers should be educate to keep away from fire. IV. 阅读下列短文，用括号内所给词的适当时态和语态填空。 A Yesterday evening, a black BMW 1.____________(steal) from outside the home of Mr. John Simpson. Mr. Simpson 2.____________(telephone) the police. Later that evening, the car 3.____________(see) in the High Street by Mr. Simpson's wife, Laura. It was outside the Red Lion Hotel. The keys were in the car, so she 4.____________(drive) it home! Now the police 5.____________(look) for a careless thief! B The Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)1.____________(give) to the United States by France. It 2.____________(be) a present on the 100th anniversary (周年纪念日)of the United States. The Statue of Liberty was designed (设计)by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It 3.____________(complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces, the statue then 4.____________(ship) to New York, where it 5.____________(arrive) on 17 June 1885. The pieces 6.____________(put) together and the opening ceremony 7.____________(take place) on 28 October 1886. The Statue of Liberty 8.____________(be) 46m high (93m including the base). The goddess of liberty 9.____________(hold) a torch in her right hand and a tablet (书写板)in her left hand. On the tablet you can see the date of the Declaration of Independence. Every year, the Statue of Liberty 10.____________(visit) by many people from all over the world. 参考答案： 【梳理I】am/is/are being;had been 【梳理2】承受者 【梳理3】to或for:动词-ing形式 【刷题】 I.1.is known 2.was kept 3.is being discussed 4.was invited 5.is thought 6.was being served 7.sells 8.was not broken 9.have been sold/were sold 10.are planted 11.was caught 12.is looked after 13.is praised 14.has been finished 15.is being repaired 16.be cleaned 17.will be built 18.smell 19.has been found 20.lasted II.I.is;cleaned 2.were made to 3.are translated into 4.must be done 5.is being held 6.is grown 7.computers are used by 8.weren't made by 9.were given to 10.was bought for III.l.is→was2.care后加of3.did一→done4.explain前加to 5.been→being6.去掉was7.repaired→repairing 8.educate→educated IV. A 1.was stolen 2.telephoned 3.was seen 4.drove 5.are looking B 1.was given 2.was 3.was completed 4.was shipped 5.arrived 6.were put 7.took place 8.is 9.holds 10.is visited 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$