专题15 首字母解题技巧讲练-【暑假自学课】2024年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（牛津上海版）

专题15 首字母解题技巧讲练 核心考点聚焦 考点一：学法指导 1. 总述 首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。 2. 解题技巧 （1） 通读全文，了解大意 通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。 （2） 把握段首句 中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。 （3） 抓住关键词 文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。 （4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配 考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。 （5） 联系上下文解题 在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。 （6）重读文章，检验答案 当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。 考点二：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—代词 A: anyone anything Another(2) all E: everything either H: himself herself(2) hers M: mine myself N: nothing(3) nobody O: ones Ourselves others(3) nobody Other S: something self someone(2)/somebody T: These/They(2) them themselves(2) W: .who Y: yourself(2)/yourselves 考点三：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—副词 A: along around always(2) almost according actually again anywhere also(2) alone as already B: back Besides(2) C: completely closely carefully(3) clearly cheaply D: down E: exactly(3) especially(2) easily(3) even ever either F: finally further G: hardly how hard H: However how happily(2) I: instead inside immediately L: Luckily late likely loudly later M: more N: not never(3) Nearly nearby O: only off outside often out P: probably Perhaps purposely properly probably/possibly possibly Q: quietly(2) / quickly R: really rather S: still seriously Sometimes soon(2) seldom safely simply(2) Softly slowly(2) Suddenly/Soon so silently T: terribly through then together traditionally U: usually W: when .well(2) with 考点四：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—名词 A: address actress(actor) amount arrangement area/attraction Army arm(s) animal advertisements activities assistant B: bus bedroom building breakfast C: country culture class customers chance(2) color college cooks countries confidence/courage choice community D: diseases dream(2) days difference dream/daydream E: exercise experience example end eyes elephants earth's education efforts F: film future friendship flat fun G: game grades greenhouse H: housework happiness(2) hobbies homes/houses history hole hair hopes hours .hand hobby habits house I: information idea invention J: journey jackets job K: key L: lesson list living life luck leg length languages light/lamp M: milk moments (moment) minutes men money(2) message matter members .mixtrue mistake N: name number . O: owner offers officials nature Not P: popular part problems(2) people(2/persons performance presents person’s planets(2) population power R: radio rest(2) responsibility rule reasons resources record reasons result S: summer story smile stars saying surprise side skills(2) seat service sex sightseeing sense snow T: trouble(2) thousands types things Transport teachers ticket trip Tea W: writer(2) way words wastes world(2) wind 考点五：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—形容词 A: alive afraid average B: biggest better bad best beautiful C: cheaper careful cool clear calm D: difficult(2) different(3) deep E: easier(3) empty either easy(4) F: frightened future fat familiar fashion fair famous failed G：good H: harmful hungry helpful heavier happy half I: independent impossible important K: kind L: less little(3) long (longer(3)) lower likely least liquid larger large M: many/most modern much more main N: noisy/noisier natural/necessary no nervous new O: other own P: prefect prettier pleased possible popular public personal(2) pleasant poor R: right reasonable real(2) rude recent responsible S: safe sorry same(3) special small sick safe sick straight surprised simple shy serious T: two tired(3) traditional these/three thicker thankful top U: useful unusual V: various W: wrong wonderful(2) wise warm(2) worried(2) worse(2) weak wore Y: young 考点六：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—动词 A: allowed(2) answer attract appeared arrived attracted accept Add awarded appear B: bring become(2) being book broke beat(2) C: call catch come correct collect closed care(2) completed cleaning changed confuses choose complain(2) caused change crying/calling climbed carried chatted caught cares .counted communicate create/cause cry control D: deal/do decided discovered disappeared driven develop dates/dated destroy drive divided E: enjoying encourages exchange end examined enjoy F: finds follow failed followed flew finish falling feel focus .flying G: give(20 H: help hurried happened hide holding heard I: is including invented improved interest invited increased improve Invite instead J: judge join K: known .keep L: leave locked love like learned looks live(2)/lead lie lose(2) like linked M: means makes N: named need needed noticed needs(2) O: offered opened offer P: Proved played protect planned pay published(2)/printed pushes prove pointed polluted prefer prepare provides produce R: refused relax read received(2) realize repair remember return research reduce reading raised S: spend stopped shout sleep seems showed Suppose spread sell suffered searched stepped saved(saving) swim smell smile stop(3) spoken slept survey/study saying Services shut Solving suggests suggest T: think try talks turning turn throw tasted training U: understand .used W: works want written walking worry writing wish wasted wondered 考点七：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—连词 A：Although(2) B: because(2) but H: However T：Though(2) W: while/when 考点八：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—介词 A: among as after B: between behind(2) before(2) D: during E: except F：for(2) I: into L: like O: on T: through U: under W: without 当堂限时检测 （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入恰当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Many years ago, there was a young girl named Linda, who was so bad-looking that she didn’t like going out. She h 1 to hear people say, “Linda isn’t beautiful.” But there were times when she had to go shopping. She was unhappy and sometimes even a 2 at people’s criticizing (评论) her bad looks. One night, a strange old woman came to Linda’s house. She said to Linda, “My child, let me give you a hand. Put this magic flower in your hair, and you’ll become beautiful.” Linda did what the old woman said. S 3 strange happened. She became beautiful! Linda was surprised to see herself so wonderful in the m 4 . Magic really worked! She was so excited that she could h 5 believe her eyes. She ran happily out of her house. She walked on the street and smiled at everyone who looked at her. She became very friendly and nice, very different from what she was before. And all the people said, “Linda is so great today!” Finally, Linda returned to her home. But before she entered the house, she saw the magic flower on the ground. She l 6 the flower there before she hurried out. She didn’t wear it when walking on the street. 【答案】1．(h)ated 2．(a)ngry 3．(S)omething 4．(m)irror 5．(h)ardly 6．(l)eft 【导语】本文主要讲述了Linda一直觉得自己长得不好看拒绝外出，后来在一位陌生的老妇人的“帮助”下“变漂亮”并出门了，而实际上，那朵会魔法的花被落在家里。 1．句意：她讨厌听到人们说：“Linda不漂亮。”根据“Linda isn’t beautiful.”可知，评价别人长得不好看的话，一般都讨厌听到，hate to do sth“讨厌做某事”，根据上文“Many years ago”可知句子采用一般过去时叙事，谓语用过去式。故填(h)ated。 2．句意：她很不开心，有时甚至很生气人们评价她长相难看。根据“unhappy”和“people’s criticizing (评论) her bad looks”可知此处用be angry at表示“对……生气”。故填(a)ngry。 3．句意：奇怪的事情发生了。happened为谓语，句中缺少主语，且形容词位于被它修饰的词后面，因此应用复合不定代词something表示“某事，有事”。故填(S)omething。 4．句意：Linda惊讶地看到镜子里的自己如此美丽。根据“see herself so wonderful”可知是照镜子看到自己，in the mirror“在镜子中”。故填(m)irror。 5．句意：她激动得简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。根据“believe her eyes”及首字母h可知是不敢相信自己的眼睛，用hardly表示否定。故填(h)ardly。 6．句意：她把花落下在那里，然后就匆匆出去了。根据上文“But before she entered the house, she saw the magic flower on the ground.”可知，她出门前，把花落在家里的地面上，动词leave表示“留下”，句子用一般过去时叙事，谓语用过去式。故填(l)eft。 （23-24八年级下·上海黄浦·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)   A volunteer picking up litter Alicia Waters Galan is litter-picking all the way from her home in Spain to Paris. She is heading to Change NOW 2024, an event where people will come together to f 7 solutions for climate change. It starts on 24 April. Alicia is raising money for Kids Against Plastic (an environmental charity) and she’s calling her adventure Pick 2 Paris. Alicia began to be a volunteer after v 8 an aquarium (水族馆). There she learned that some fish were d 9 because of eating plastic in the rivers and oceans. Through litter picking she says, “I can see the difference I’m making”. Her a 10 for other young people interested in volunteering is, “Wear gloves, bring a litter picker, go with an adult but don’t pick up anything sharp or d 11 ”. When it comes to balancing environmental work with schoolwork, Alicia says,“Yes, I’m active in working as a volunteer, but I’m also a s 12 . School first, then volunteering.” By sharing her environmental work with teachers, Alicia wants to e 13 others to join in. In fact, her last school day before she sets off to Paris, her classmates and teachers will do a whole school litter pick. You can find out more at superkind.org/ fundraiser/pick-2-paris. 【答案】7．(f)ind 8．(v)isiting 9．(d)ead/(d)ying 10．(a)dvice 11．(d)angerous 12．(s)tudent/(s)choolgirl 13．(e)ncourage 【导语】本文主要讲述了Alicia为保护环境做出自己的努力的故事。 7．句意：她将前往2024年“改变现在”，这是一个人们将聚集在一起寻找气候变化解决方案的活动。根据“to…solutions for climate change”及首字母提示可知，此处是指“寻找”气候变化的方案，不定式to后应用动词原形find“找到”。故填(f)ind。 8．句意：Alicia在参观水族馆后开始做志愿者。结合“after…an aquarium”及首字母提示可知，介词after后应用动名词形式，此处是指“参观”水族馆之后，应用动词visit的动名词形式visiting，表示“参观”。故填(v)isiting。 9．句意：在那里，她了解到一些鱼因为吃了河流和海洋中的塑料而死亡/濒临死亡。根据“because of eating plastic in the rivers and oceans.”可知，此处指一些鱼因为吃了塑料而“死亡”。结合首字母提示可知，应用die“死亡”的形容词dead表示“死亡的”或die的现在分词形式dying表示“濒临死亡的”。故填(d)ead/(d)ying。 10．句意：她对其他对志愿服务感兴趣的年轻人的建议是“戴上手套，带一个捡垃圾的人，和一个成年人一起去，但不要捡任何尖锐或危险的东西”。根据“… for other young people”及首字母提示可知，此处指Alicia对年轻人提的“建议”，应用不可数名词advice。故填(a)dvice。 11．句意：她对其他对志愿服务感兴趣的年轻人的建议是“戴上手套，带一个捡垃圾的人，和一个成年人一起去，但不要捡任何尖锐或危险的东西”。根据“anything sharp or…”及首字母提示可知，此处缺形容词，指任何尖锐或“危险的”东西，应用形容词dangerous表示“危险的”。故填(d)angerous。 12．句意：当谈到平衡环境工作和学业时，Alicia说：“是的，我积极参与志愿者工作，但我也是一名(女)学生。根据“as a volunteer, but I’m also a…”及首字母提示可知，此处缺名词单数形式。又根据常识可知，Alicia为女生，此处可用student表示“学生”或schoolgirl表示“女学生”。故填(s)tudent/(s)choolgirl。 13．句意：通过与老师分享她的环保工作，Alicia想要鼓励其他人加入进来。根据“By sharing her environmental work with teachers, Alicia wants to…others to join in”及首字母提示可知，不定式to后应用动词原形，此处指Alicia通过分享这份环保工作“鼓励”其他人也参与进来，encourage“鼓励”符合语境。故填(e)ncourage。 （23-24八年级下·上海普陀·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在对话的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) Judy: Hello, Tom. Please take a seat. I’m Judy. Tom: Hello, Judy. Nice to meet you. Judy: You too. You’ve applied to do a teaching course here, haven’t you? I’d like you to tell me, first of all, why you want to be a teacher. Tom: Well, I’d always like to e 14 things to help people understand. And I also want to work with young people. Judy: And why have you decided to become a PE teacher? Tom: I love all sports and I really believe it’s important for young people to do sports r 15 , for example, playing badminton twice a week. Doing sports also teaches young people important life l 16 , such as the importance of teamwork, discipline (纪律) and so on. Judy: OK, thank you. And, where does your passion (热情) for sports come from? Tom: Hmm, let me think. It’s d 17 to choose one special thing because I can think of many unforgettable experiences. More importantly, my mum was also a good sportswoman. She has inspired (启发) me a lot. Judy:That’s OK. And how do you think teachers can e 18 their students to enjoy sports? Tom: Hmm, that’s an interesting question. I think many students enjoy the competitive element (要素). They always want to be the best! What’s more, we need to reward them for trying their best. Anyway, it’s not all about w 19 the game! They can also learn from failures. Judy: OK, thank you very much, Tom. You make some good points. Tom: It’s my pleasure. Thank you. 【答案】14．(e)xplain 15．(r)egularly 16．(l)essons 17．(d)ifficult 18．(e)ncourage 19．(w)inning 【导语】本文两人谈论了Tom为什么想做体育老师以及如何鼓励学生享受体育运动。 14．句意：我总是想解释一些东西来帮助人们理解。根据“things to help people understand”可知是解释东西帮助人理解，explain“解释”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(e)xplain。 15．句意：我喜欢所有的运动，我真的相信年轻人定期运动很重要，比如每周打两次羽毛球。根据“for example, playing badminton twice a week”可知要定期做运动，此处修饰动词用副词regularly“定期地”。故填(r)egularly。 16．句意：运动也教会年轻人重要的人生课程，比如团队合作、纪律等的重要性。根据“such as the importance of teamwork, discipline (纪律) and so on”可知是教他们一些人生课程，lesson“课程”，此处用名词复数。故填(l)essons。 17．句意：很难选择一件特别的东西，因为我能想到许多难忘的经历。根据“choose one special thing because I can think of many unforgettable experiences.”可知有很多难忘的经历，所以选择一个是困难的，difficult“困难的”。故填(d)ifficult。 18．句意：你认为老师如何鼓励学生享受体育运动？根据“their students to enjoy sports”可知是鼓励学生做运动，encourage“鼓励”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(e)ncourage。 19．句意：无论如何，这并不全是为了赢得比赛！根据“the game! They can also learn from failures.”可知不全是为了赢得比赛，win“赢”，介词about后加动名词。故填(w)inning。 （23-24八年级下·上海奉贤·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一次, 首字母已给） The Rise of Electric Vehicles Electric cars, also called EVs, are getting more popular all over the world. People like them because they are good for the environment. These cars don’t use gasoline. Instead, they use electricity that comes from b 20 . You can fill them up at special places called charging stations, which are becoming more common in cities and along highways. This makes it easier for people to travel long distances w 21 worrying about running out of power. The very first electric car was made way back in the 1830s, a long time before cars that use gasoline were invented. However, electric cars only started to become more popular in recent years. This is because the technology got better and people started to care more about k 22 the Earth clean. One of the best things about electric cars is that they don’t make bad gases that can hurt the air and the Earth. They don’t have loud engines like gasoline cars, so they are q 23 , which makes driving them more peaceful and enjoyable. But, there are some problems too. One issue is that electric cars can’t go as far on one charge as gasoline cars can go on one tank of gas. A 24 , it can be hard to find places to charge the car in some areas. Even with the problems, the future of electric cars still looks b 25 . Lots of countries and companies are working to make them better. They’re putting up more places to charge and making the batteries l 26 longer. As more people buy electric cars, they’ll get cheaper for everyone. Moving to electric cars is great for keeping our planet clean. When we pick electric cars, we save money and help stop pollution. Electric cars are not just a cool new thing；they are part of a big change for a better world. 【答案】20．(b)atteries 21．(w)ithout 22．(k)eeping 23．(q)uieter 24．(A)dditionally 25．(b)right 26．(l)ast 【导语】本文介绍了电动车的优势和存在的问题。 20．句意：相反，它们使用来自电池的电。根据“You can fill them up at special places called charging stations”以及首字母可知，此处指电池，名词复数batteries表一类。故填(b)atteries。 21．句意：这使人们长途旅行很容易，不同担心用完电。根据“which are becoming more common in cities and along highways”以及首字母可知，此处表示不用担心用完电，without“没有”。故填(w)ithout。 22．句意：这是因为科技越来越好，人们开始更关心保持地球干净。根据“This is because the technology got better and people started to care more about …the Earth clean”以及首字母可知是保持地球干净，此处应用keep“保持”，about是介词，后面应用动词的动名词形式。故填(k)eeping。 23．句意：它们不会像油车一样那么大声，所以它们更安静。根据“They don’t have loud engines”以及首字母可知它们更安静，此处用quiet“安静的”。根据“which makes driving them more peaceful and enjoyable”可知，此处需用比较级。故填(q)uieter。 24．句意：此外，在一些地区找地方充电很困难。根据“One issue is that electric cars can’t go as far on one charge as gasoline cars can go on one tank of gas. ”以及首字母可知，此处是另一个问题。additionally“此外” ，副词修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写。故填(A)dditionally。 25．句意：即使有这些问题，电车的未来仍然是光明的。根据“Lots of countries and companies are working to make them better.”以及首字母可知，电车未来是光明的，bright“光明的”。故填(b)right。 26．句意：他们正在建更多的地方充电，使电池持续时间更长。根据“They’re putting up more places to charge and making the batteries …longer”结合首字母提示可知，此处应表示使电池持续时间更长，make sth./sb. do“使某物/某人做”，因此此处应用动词原形last“持续”。故填(l)ast。 （23-24八年级下·上海虹口·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的单词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 The Argument of the Colors Once upon a time, the colors of the world were arguing.Green said, “Clearly I am the most important. I am the life and h 27 . I am the color for grass, trees and leaves.Without me, all animals would die.” Yellow said, “I bring laughter, fun and warmth into the world. The sun is yellow, and the stars are yellow. Every time you look at a sunflower, the whole world starts to s 28 .Without me, there would be no fun.” Red couldn’t stand it any longer, so he shouted out, “I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of courage. I fight for the truth. I am also the color of love.” The colors went on the argument. It became louder and louder. Suddenly there came a bright light. It started to rain h 29 . The colors were so frightened that they hugged close to one another for comfort. The rain said, “You foolish colors, fighting among y 30 . Don’t you know that you were all s 31 and different? Now, join hands with each other and come to me.” Doing as they were told, the colors joined hand in hand. They came into a colorful r 32 . From then on, whenever a good rain washes the world, a rainbow appears in the sky. 【答案】27．(h)ope 28．(s)mile 29．(h)eavily 30．(y)ourselves 31．(s)pecial 32．(r)ainbow 【导语】本文讲述了各种颜色都认为自己是最好的、最重要的。它们按照雨告诉它们的去做，一起创造了最美丽的彩虹。从中我们可知团结是非常重要的。 27．句意：我是生命和希望。根据“I am the life and”以及首字母可知绿色是生命和希望的象征，hope“希望”，不可数名词。故填(h)ope。 28．句意：每次你看到向日葵，整个世界都开始微笑。根据“I bring laughter, fun and warmth into the world”可知黄色带来快乐、乐趣和温暖，所以人们看到黄色的向日葵，整个世界都在微笑，smile“微笑”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(s)mile。 29．句意：天开始下大雨。rain heavily“下大雨”。故填(h)eavily。 30．句意：你们这些愚蠢的颜色，互相争斗。根据“fighing among...”可知是互相争斗，此处用反身代词，根据“You foolish colors”可知此处用反身代词yourselves“你们自己”。故填(y)ourselves。 31．句意：难道你们不知道你们都是特别的和不同的吗？根据“and different”可知是每个颜色都是不同的，特别的，special“特别的”。故填(s)pecial。 32．句意：他们形成了一道五颜六色的彩虹。根据“whenever a good rain washes the world, a rainbow appears in the sky.”可知各个颜色形成了五颜六色的彩虹，rainbow“彩虹”，a后加可数名词单数。故填(r)ainbow。 （23-24八年级下·上海崇明·期中）Trees are one of the oldest “citizens” of our earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noisy pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials.   Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, many trees learn how to p 33 themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near. Most young trees have large deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and e 34 . When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges (挑战) later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grew s 35 and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a r 36 adult. The tree reaches its largest size. Not only does the adult tree gives us shed, oxygen and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to nap or read a book or listen to music. If the adult tree receives proper care, it will continue to live h 37 for many years. Gradually trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it dies, it provides a home for small animals, and is also a source of food for many o 38 animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is similar to our own life especially. When looking at the life of a tree, we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. Enjoy every minute of it and take care of the trees! 【答案】33．(p)rotect 34．(e)nergy 35．(s)tronger 36．(r)eal 37．(h)appily 38．(o)ther 【导语】本文讲述了树木的生长过程，详细地介绍了不同阶段的特点。 33．句意：在1到3岁的时候，许多树学会了如何保护自己。根据“For example, many trees grow thorns (刺)to warn animals not to go near.”可知，许多树学会了如何保护自己。protect“保护”，空前有动词不定式符号，动词用原形。故填(p)rotect。 34．句意：大多数小树都长着深绿色的大叶子，这样它们就能捕捉到足够的阳光，并将其转化为食物和能量。根据“catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and e...”可知，树可以用大叶子捕捉到足够的阳光，并将其转化为食物和能量。energy“能量”，不可数名词。故填(e)nergy。 35．句意：它们长得越来越强壮，开始开花结果。根据“At the age of 15, trees become young adults.”可知，树成年了，变得更强壮了。strong“强壮的”，此处暗含和小时候的比较，应用比较级stronger。故填(s)tronger。 36．句意：直到这棵树长到20到25岁，它才成为真正的成年树。根据“it becomes a r...adult”可知，此时的树才真正成年。real“真正的”，形容词作定语。故填(r)eal。 37．句意：如果成年树得到适当的照顾，它将继续快乐地生活许多年。根据“If the adult tree receives proper care”和首字母可知，成年树得到适当的照顾，它将继续快乐地生活许多年。happily“快乐地”，副词修饰动词。故填(h)appily。 38．句意：当一棵树变成空心或部分死亡时，它为小动物提供了一个家，也是许多其他动物的食物来源。根据“When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it dies, it provides a home for small animals”可知，树死亡后，它也是许多其他动物的食物来源。other“其他的”符合题意，故填(o)ther。 课后提升专练 （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给） Run for Class President Two months ago, when our class election started, I decided to run for class President. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win, but I was a 39 that people would feel bad for me if I lost. I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t m 40 but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was c 41 prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong. However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response wasn’t what I’d e 42 . Few people actually listened when it was my opponent’s turn, everyone was screaming his name, his speech was short but all to the point, but by then I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer. It was obvious who would win. For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over, I wanted to just go home and cried, but I made it through. My prediction was right. I didn’t win. The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended not to hear but later things got better. People f 43 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I looked forward to. And moments of failure like this build c 44 since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger. 【答案】39．(a)fraid 40．(m)anage 41．(c)ompletely 42．(e)xpected 43．(f)orget 44．(c)haracter 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者竞选班长的故事。 39．句意：我喜欢在公众面前演讲，与人相处得很好，所以我觉得很容易赢，但我害怕如果我输了，人们会为我感到难过。结合“people would feel bad for me if I lost.”及首字母“a”可知，此处是指作者害怕如果输了，其他同学会为他感到难过，afraid“害怕”。故填(a)fraid。 40．句意：我的计划不是承诺做我做不到的事情，而是向我的班级展示我为什么想当班长。结合“My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t”及首字母“m”可知，此处是指我做不到的事，manage“管理，处理”，动词；根据空前 “could’t” 可知，此处用动词原形。故填(m)anage。 41．句意：由于我做好了充分的准备，我觉得我获胜的机会很大。结合“I felt that my chances of winning were strong.”及首字母“c”可知，此处指作者做了充足的准备，complete“完全的”，形容词；根据问句可知，缺少副词来修饰形容词prepared。故填(c)ompletely。 42．句意：然而，当我在选举日发表演讲时，人们的反应并不是我所期望的。结合“However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response wasn’t”及首字母“e”可知，此处是指同学们的反应和我预期的不一样，expect“期望”，动词原形；根据空前“I’d”可知，此处是过去完成时，动词要用过去分词。故填(e)xpected。 43．句意：同学们忘记了选举，像以前一样跟我说话。结合“talked to me just as they did before”及首字母“f”可知，此处是指同学们忘记了昨天发生的事，像往常一样和我说话，forget “忘记”，动词原形；根据“did”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故填(f)orget。 44．句意：像这样的失败时刻塑造了我的性格，从那以后，我学会了面对失望，变得更加坚强。结合“ since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.”及首字母“c”可知，此处是指直面失败让我的性格重塑，character“个性，性格，品质”，名词；根据空前“this”可知，这里名词要用单数。故填(c)haracter。 （23-24八年级下·上海闵行·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 It was the last day of the final examination in a college. On the steps of a building, a group of engineering students were waiting for the last exam. On their faces was confidence. They knew the exam would be e 45 . The professor (a teacher at a college) had said they could bring any books or notes during the test. Right after they came into the classroom. The professor handed out the papers. There were only five questions on it. Three hours p 46 . Then the professor began to collect the papers. The students no longer looked confident. On their faces was nervous expression. The professor watched the worried faces before him, and then asked, “How many of you have completed all five questions?” No hand was r 47 . “How many of you have answered four?” Still no hands. “Three? Two?” The students moved restlessly in their seats. “One, then? Certainly somebody has finished one.” But the class kept silent. The professor said, “That is exactly w 48 I expected. I just want to make you know clearly that even though you have completed four years of engineering. There are still many things about the subject you don’t know. These questions you could not a 49 are common in everyday practice.” Then, smiling, he added, “You will all pass this course, your education has just begun.” The years have obscured (使模糊不清) the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught. 【答案】45．(e)asy 46．(p)assed 47．(r)aised 48．(w)hat 49．(a)nswer 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位教授在学生毕业考试时仅出了五道题目，但学生们却一道也答不出来。教授通过这次考试教给了学生“学无止境”的道理。 45．句意：他们知道考试一定很简单。根据后句“The professor (a teacher at a college) had said they could bring any books or notes during the test.”结合首字母提示可知学生可以带书或笔记，所以学生认为考试应该很简单，此处应用形容词“easy”，表示“简单的”。故填(e)asy。 46．句意：三个小时过去了。根据“Three hours”结合首字母提示可知是三个小时过去了，此处应用动词“pass”，表示“过去”，结合上下文时态可知此句应用一般过去时，动词需变为过去式“passed”。故填(p)assed。 47．句意：没有人举手。根据“No hand was”结合首字母提示可知是举手，此处应用动词“raise”，表示“举起”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(r)aised。 48．句意：这正是我所预料到的。分析句子结构可知此处引导宾语从句，从句“I expected”缺少宾语，并且表示“事情”，结合首字母提示可知此处应用“what”引导。故填(w)hat。 49．句意：这些你们不能回答的问题在日常实践中很常见。根据“ These questions you could not”可知是不能回答的问题，此处应用动词“answer”，位于情态动词“could”后用原形即可。故填(a)nswer。 （23-24八年级下·上海徐汇·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Roy is a middle-aged man who lives happily with his family in a big house. He is a successful craftsman now. But his life is not a 50 so great. He had a learning disability from an early age. He went to a school for children like him and he got plenty of extra help in this school. He still suffered (受苦) the rest of his school days in public schools. His life improved so much when he discovered art. The art world gave him a chance to express himself w 51 words. He went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay. Then he l 52 an important lesson: Though he was disabled in language, he could still be smart and successfully express himself with clay. He got his next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but he was scared from the start. He soon found it wasn’t a talent thing; it was just p 53 . So he did it more. After about five years of climbing, he found himself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. He learned that if a person fell in love with something and did it all the time, he would get b 54 at it. And his confidence came along with it. Later he found his e 55 really helpful when learning how to read and write. Every day he spent many hours reading and writing, which he used to avoid (回避) as much as possible. After two hard years, he could read and write as well as others. He has gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, reading and writing. Now he has got to a point in his life where he k 56 he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard, unknown, but interesting. 【答案】50．(a)lways 51．(w)ithout 52．(l)earned/(l)earnt 53．(p)ractice 54．(b)etter 55．(e)xperience 56．(k)nows 【导语】本文讲述从小就有学习障碍的罗伊在公立学校上学，即使得到了很多额外的帮助，他还是备受煎熬；后来艺术给了他一个表达自我的机会，给他的生活带来很大的改善。他经历了艺术、攀岩、阅读和写作的漫长过程，达到他人生的一个阶段。 50．句意：但他的生活并不总那么美好。空格在be动词和形容词之间，判断填副词；上文“罗伊现在是一个成功的工匠”和下文“他有学习障碍”可知他的生活并不总那么美好，根据首字母提示，always“总是”，副词，故填(a)lways。 51．句意：艺术给了他一个不用语言就能表达自己的机会。空格在名词前，判断填介词；由上文可知罗伊有学习障碍，由此推断空格指艺术给了他一个不用语言就能表达自己的机会；根据首字母提示，without“没有”符合语境。故填(w)ithout。 52．句意：然后他学到了很重要的一课：尽管他有语言障碍，但他仍然可以聪明地用粘土成功地表达自己。根据“an important lesson”和所给首字母可知，他学到了很重要的一课，“学习”learn。结合语境可知，其描述过去的事，所以是一般过去时。故填(l)earned/(l)earnt。 53．句意：他很快发现这不是天资的事，只是练习而已。空格在be后面，判断填名词当表语；根据上文“He soon found it wasn’t a talent thing”推断空格指罗伊认识到攀岩不是天资的事，只是练习而已；根据首字母提示，practice“练习”，名词，符合语境。故填(p)ractice。 54．句意：他了解到，如果一个人爱上某件事并一直这样做，他就会做得更好。根据前文“did it all the time”一直这样做，所以会做得更好。结合所给首字母可知，“更好”better。故填(b)etter。 55．句意：后来他发现自己的经验对学习如何读和写很有帮助。空格在形容词性物主代词后面，判断填名词；由上文可知罗伊成功地学会制作陶器和攀岩，由此推断空格指这些经验对他学习如何读和写很有帮助；根据首字母提示，experience“经验”，不可数名词；故填(e)xperience。 56．句意：现在，他已经到了人生的一个阶段，他知道自己也能够进入一个完全困难、未知但有趣的领域。根据“he k... he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard, unknown, but interesting.”可知，横线后宾语从句，横线上是动词，由于k开头，且主语是三单，时态为一般现在时，应是“知道”knows。故填(k)nows。 （23-24八年级下·上海闵行·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words Time is money. This means that every moment (if we spent it well) may put some money into our pockets. If our time is carefully u 57 , it will either turn to some important piece of work, or it will add to our experience and increase our knowledge so as to enable us to get more money. Let those, who think nothing of w 58 time, remember this. Our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of losing life. We are f 59 when we think of death. But we are too careless to notice the loss (丢失) of an hour or a day, forgetting that our life is made up of the days and of the hours we live. A day or an hour is wasted. Therefore, so much life is lost. Now the average life span (寿命) is over seventy years. But nearly one-third of this has to be spent in s 60 ; some years have to be spent over our meals, some in making trips on land or by sea, some in watching over the sick beds of our dearest r 61 . All time is precious (珍贵的), but the time of our childhood and of our youth (青少年时代) is more precious than any other time of our life. During that time we can get knowledge and develop our abilities. If we allow these morning hours of life to run a 62 , we shall never be able to call it back. 【答案】57．(u)sed 58．(w)asting 59．(f)rightened 60．(s)leeping 61．(r)elatives 62．(a)way 【导语】本文主要介绍了时间的重要性，并告诉我们要合理使用时间并且珍惜时间。 57．句意：如果我们的时间被仔细使用，它要么会变成一些重要的工作，要么会增加我们的经验，增加我们的知识，从而使我们能够获得更多的钱。根据“...it will either turn to some important piece of work,...”和首字母提示可知，时间要么会变成一些重要的工作，可推测此处是我们的时间被仔细使用，“our time”与“use”之间为被动关系，is后需填动词过去分词，表被动，used为use“使用”的过去分词。故填(u)sed。 58．句意：让那些认为浪费时间没什么了不起的人记住这一点。根据“Let those, who think nothing of...time, remember this.”和首字母提示可知，让一些人记住要仔细使用时间，可推测此处是那些认为浪费时间没什么了不起的人，of后需填动名词，waste time表示“浪费时间”，wasting为waste的动名词。故填(w)asting。 59．句意：当我们想到死亡时，我们就害怕。根据“...when we think of death.”和首字母提示可知，想到死亡，会让我们感到害怕，可推测此时我们就害怕，are后需填形容词，frightened“害怕的”，形容词。故填(f)rightened。 60．句意：但其中近三分之一必须被用于睡觉；根据“...some years have to be spent over our meals, some in making trips on land or by sea,...”和首字母提示可知，我们的时间，一些花费在吃饭上，一些花费在旅行上，可推测此处是其中近三分之一必须被用于睡觉，spend in doing sth表示“在某方面花费（时间）”，空处需填动名词，sleeping“睡觉”，动名词。故填(s)leeping。 61．句意：……有些则花在陪护在我们最亲的亲人的病床前。根据“...some in watching over the sick beds of our dearest...”和首字母提示可知，亲人生病，我们要花时间照顾他们，可推测此处是最亲的亲人，空处需填名词复数，relatives“亲属”，名词复数形式。故填(r)elatives。 62．句意：如果我们让生命中的这些早期时光流逝，我们将永远无法挽回。根据“All time is precious, but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other time of our life...we shall never be able to call it back.”和首字母提示可知，我们童年和青少年时代的时间都很宝贵，且后文表示我们将永远无法挽回，可推测此处是如果我们让生命中的这些早期时光流逝，run away表示“逃走”。故填(a)way。 （23-24八年级下·上海静安·期中）It seems that everybody tells lies, not big lies, but what we call “white lies”. Telling white lies isn’t really that bad. Most of the time, people do it because they want to protect a friendship. Some studies suggest that the average person lies about seven times a day. The only real questions are about when people lie and w 63 people tell lies to. A recent study has found that people often say something different from the facts. Here are some w 64 they do it. A．Lying to hide something: People often lie because they want to hide something from someone. For example, a son doesn’t tell his p 65 that he’s dating a girl because he doesn’t think they will like her. Instead, he says he’s going out with the guys. B．Giving a false excuse: Sometimes people lie because they don’t want to do something. For example, someone invites you to a party. You think it will be b 66 , so you say you’re busy. C． Lying to make someone feel good: Often we stretch the truth to make someone feel good. For example, your friend cooks dinner for you, but it tastes terrible. Do you say so? No! You p 67 say, “Mmm, this delicious!” D．Lying to hide bad news: Sometimes we don’t want to tell someone bad news. For example, you have just had a very bad day at work, but you don’t f 68 like talking about it. So if someone asks you about your day, you just say everything is just fine. 【答案】63．(w)ho 64．(w)ays 65．(p)arents 66．(b)oring 67．(p)robably 68．(f)eel 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们会在什么情况下以什么方式说善意的谎言。 63．句意：唯一真正的问题是人们什么时候撒谎，以及人们向谁撒谎。结合首字母提示和“people tell lies to”可知，此处表示人们向谁撒谎。空格处应填who“谁”。故填(w)ho。 64．句意：以下是他们做这件事的一些方法。结合下文“ Instead, he says he’s going out with the guys...so you say you’re busy...‘Mmm, this delicious!’...So if someone asks you about your day, you just say everything is just fine.”可知，下文提到了说善意的谎言的方法，名词way“方法”的复数形式符合语境。故填(w)ays。 65．句意：例如，一个儿子不告诉父母他在和一个女孩约会，因为他认为他们不会喜欢她。结合首字母提示和“son”以及“he doesn’t think they will like her”可知，此处表示儿子认为父母不会喜欢那个和他约会的女孩。空格处应填parents“父母”。故填(p)arents。 66．句意：你认为这个聚会会很无聊，所以你说你很忙。根据上文“someone invites you to a party”和“You think it will be...so you say you’re busy”可知，此处表示你认为聚会会很无聊，所以你以很忙为借口拒绝参加这个聚会。形容词boring“无聊的”符合语境。故填(b)oring。 67．句意：你可能会说：“嗯，这个真好吃！”结合语境可知，此处表示你可能会说，空格处应填副词probably“可能”修饰动词say。故填(p)robably。 68．句意：例如，你刚刚在工作中度过了非常糟糕的一天，但你不想谈论它。结合首字母提示和空后的like可知，本题应使用短语feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”，don’t后接动词原形。故填(f)eel。 （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格词使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) Cat-Cow, Downward-facing dog and Pigeon: these names might sound like animals, but they are actually yoga poses. Nowadays, yoga is becoming more and more p 69 . After reading the passage, you’ll understand why it is practiced by such a lot of people. What is yoga? Yoga is the exercise for your body and mind. You should move your body into different positions while focusing on your breathing. Yoga was f 70 practiced around 5,000 years ago in northern India. It is now practiced all over the world by people of different a 71 from the young to the old. Why is yoga g 72 for me? Yoga encourages you to connect your body and mind. It is a good way to improve your mental health by reducing stress levels. It also r 73 endorphins (安多芬) that can make us relaxed. What if my body isn’t bendy? Yoga isn’t just for professional athletes. It’s a skill that can be learned by a 74 . According to NHS England, not only sports people but also ordinary people practice yoga. Joseph, who is only eight years old, also tries it. He said, “I want to try yoga because I love sports and yoga can s 75 me from getting injured.” 【答案】69．(p)opular 70．(f)irst 71．(a)ges 72．(g)ood 73．(r)eleases 74．(a)nyone/(a)nybody 75．(s)top 【导语】本文介绍了瑜伽运动。 69．句意：如今，瑜伽变得越来越流行。根据“yoga is becoming more and more”以及结合首字母，可知是指瑜伽变得越来越流行。popular“流行的”，故填(p)opular。 70．句意：瑜伽最早被练习是在大约5000年前的印度北部。根据“practiced around 5,000 years ago in northern India”以及结合首字母，可知是指最早被练习是在大约5000年前的印度北部。first“首先”，故填(f)irst。 71．句意：现在，世界各地从年轻人到老年人的不同年龄的人都在练习这项运动。根据“from the young to the old”以及结合首字母，可知是指不同年龄的人。age“年龄”，空前有different修饰，用复数形式。故填(a)ges。 72．句意：为什么瑜伽对我有好处？根据“Yoga encourages you to connect your body and mind. It is a good way to improve your mental health by reducing stress levels.”以及结合首字母，可知是指瑜伽的好处。be good for“对……好”，故填(g)ood。 73．句意：它还会释放能让我们放松的安多芬。根据“endorphins (安多芬) that can make us relaxed”以及结合首字母，可知是指释放能让我们放松的安多芬。release“释放”，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数it，动词用三单形式。故填(r)eleases。 74．句意：这是一项任何人都可以学到的技能。根据“Yoga isn’t just for professional athletes. It’s a skill that can be learned by”以及结合首字母，可知是指这是一项任何人都可以学到的技能。anyone/anybody“任何人”，故填(a)nyone/(a)nybody。 75．句意：我想尝试瑜伽，因为我喜欢运动，瑜伽可以防止我受伤。根据“me from getting injured”以及结合首字母，可知是指瑜伽可以防止我受伤。stop from“阻止”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(s)top。 （23-24八年级下·上海宝山·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) The year 2021 marks 100 years since the first Everest expedition (探险). With a height of 8,849 metres above sea level, Mount Everest is the world’s t 76 mountain. These days, more than 500 people every year try to climb it, but the very first organized expedition to Everest h 77 a century ago, in 1921. A team of British mountaineers wanted to explore the mountain. Their first mission was to try to find a route to the mountain. After this, their s 78 task was to try to establish the possible routes that could be used for an actual climb. Finally, if everything else went well, they would then see i 79 they could actually complete the climb itself and get to the top of the mountain. They set off on May 18, 1921, from northern India and walked about 300 miles to Mount Everest. The walk was so tough that Alexander Kellas, a Scottish chemist, died before they reached the f 80 of the mountain. Once the team had set up a base camp, they set about exploring the mountain. They spent four months circling Everest to learn more about it. George Mallory led most of the high climbing on the slopes (斜坡) of Everest. But when they attempted (尝试) to climb to the top of the mountain, they were beaten back by strong wind and s 81 . Although the team was eventually forced to retreat (撤退), they were still successful in establishing possible routes for further attempts. Mallory himself tried twice more to climb to the top but died on the slopes. It was 75 years before his body was found on the mountain. A series of expeditions and unsuccessful attempts that used the first expedition’s original routes f 82 in the 1920s and 1930s. This was all before Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary finally reached the top in 1953, making history on the planet’s highest peak. 【答案】76．(t)allest 77．(h)appened 78．(s)econd 79．(i)f 80．(f)oot 81．(s)now 82．(f)ollowed 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们探险珠穆朗玛峰的历史过程。 76．句意：珠穆朗玛峰海拔8849米，是世界上最高的山峰。根据“Mount Everest”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰，空处填形容词最高级tallest“最高的”。故填(t)allest。 77．句意：如今，每年有超过500人试图攀登珠穆朗玛峰，但第一次有组织的珠穆朗玛峰探险发生在一个世纪前，1921年。根据“the very first organized expedition to Everest h... a century ago”可知，是指第一次有组织的珠穆朗玛峰探险发生在一个世纪前，happen“发生”，由“a century ago”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(h)appened。 78．句意：在此之后，他们的第二项任务是设法确定可能用于实际攀登的路线。根据“Their first mission”及首字母可知，此处是介绍第二个任务，空处用序数词second表示“第二”。故填(s)econd。 79．句意：最后，如果其他一切都顺利的话，他们会看看是否能真正完成攀登，登上山顶。根据“see i... they could actually complete the climb itself and get to the top of the mountain.”可知，see后是跟的宾语从句，表示“是否”，用if引导。故填(i)f。 80．句意：步行很艰难，以至于苏格兰化学家亚历山大·凯拉斯在他们到达山脚之前就死了。根据“they reached the f... of the mountain”可知，此处是指山脚，the foot of the mountain“山脚”。故填(f)oot。 81．句意：但是当他们试图爬到山顶时，却被大风大雪击退了。根据“they were beaten back by strong wind and s...”可知，此处应是指被大风和大雪击退了，snow“雪”符合语境。故填(s)now。 82．句意：在20世纪20年代和30年代，使用第一次探险的原始路线进行的一系列探险和失败的尝试随之而来。根据“A series of expeditions and unsuccessful attempts”及首字母可知，是指一系列的探索和失败的尝试随之而来，follow“跟随”符合语境，由“in the 1920s and 1930s”可知，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(f)ollowed。 （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）A recent study s 83 that people with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because hard-to-pronounce names inspire negative reaction from superiors (上级).       Researchers found that a “name pronunciation effect” played a major role in how people we perceived (理解，认为) by colleagues and friends. The team of American and Australian scientists concluded that the e 84 a person’s name was to say, the better their success was in the workplace and the more q 85 they were promoted (升职).        Their study, p 86 in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, also found a simple name improved people’s a 87 to make new friends.        Dr Simon Laham, from Melbourne University, who led the study, said people with simple names were generally judged more positively.            “The effect is not due merely to the length of a name or how foreign-sounding or unusual it is, but rather how easy it is to pronounce” he said. In their study, m 88 conducted in the field, the team investigated the way names can i 89 a person’s impressions and decision making. They looked at dozens of surnames from different nationalities of about 500 university student volunteers from, Anglo, Asian, and European backgrounds and a field of 500 lawyers in America.       The team found that people with more “pronounceable” names were more l 90 to win political office. Meanwhile, they found that American lawyers with easier sounding names were promoted faster within their law firms. 【答案】83．(s)hows 84．(e)asier 85．(q)uickly 86．(p)ublished 87．(a)bilities 88．(m)ostly 89．(i)nfluence 90．(l)ikely 【导语】本文阐述了有发音简单的名字的人更容易在工作中取得成功。 83．句意：一个最近的研究表明有简单名字的人享受更快的职业发展因为难于发音的名字会引起上级的负面反应。根据“A recent study”和“people with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because hard-to-pronounce names inspire negative reaction from superiors”及首字母可知应是研究表明，且主语为第三人称单数，故填(s)hows。 84．句意：美国和澳大利亚的科学家团队得出结论一个名字说起来越容易，他们在职场越容易成功并且升职越快。根据“people with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because hard-to-pronounce names inspire negative reaction from superiors”及首字母可知应是名字越容易说越容易在职场成功，而此处符合“the+比较级...the +比较级...”结构，故填(e)asier。 85．句意：美国和澳大利亚的科学家团队得出结论一个名字说起来越容易，他们在职场越容易成功并且升职越快。根据“the better their success was in the workplace”及首字母可知应是升职越快，由“more”和“promoted”可知此处应填副词原形，故填(q)uickly。 86．句意：他们的研究，被出版在《实验社会心里学杂志》，也发现一个简单的名字改善人们的交新朋友的能力。根据“in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology”及首字母可知应是被出版在杂志上的研究，所以此处应填动词的过去分词，publish“出版”，故填(p)ublished。 87．句意：他们的研究，被出版在《实验社会心里学杂志》，也发现一个简单的名字改善人们的交新朋友的能力。根据“make new friends.”和“improve”及首字母可知，ability“能力”符合语境，而此处指具体的能力，为可数名词，所以应用其复数形式，故填(a)bilities。 88．句意：在他们的研究中，主要是在实地进行的，小组调查了名字影响一个人的印象和做决定的方式。根据“conducted in the field”及首字母可知，此处应填副词，mostly“主要地”符合语境，故填(m)ostly。 89．句意：在他们的研究中，主要是在实地进行的，小组调查了名字影响一个人的印象和做决定的方式。根据“names”“a person’s impressions and decision making”和前文及首字母可知，动词influence“影响”符合语境，而由“can”可知此处应用其原形，故填(i)nfluence。 90．句意：小组发现有更容易发音的名字的人更可能赢得政治职务。根据“Meanwhile, they found that American lawyers with easier sounding names were promoted faster within their law firms”及全文可知应是更可能获得政治地位，be likely to“可能”符合语境，故填(l)ikely。 （23-24八年级下·上海杨浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 A Letter from 2070Hi, This is the year 2070. I have just turned 50, but I look like a person of 85. I suffer from serious kidney(肾脏) problems because I don’t have enough water to drink. I’m afraid I don’t have much time left to live. I am already one of the o 91 people in this society. I remember when I was five years old, everything was very different. There were lots of trees in the parks. I could enjoy a shower for half an hour. At that time, women had beautiful hair. Now, we have to shave our heads to keep them clean w 92 the use of water. I remember there were “Save Water” warnings in many public places, but nobody paid attention. We believed water would last forever. Now, all the rivers and lakes are e 93 dry or polluted. Water is much more expensive than gold and diamonds. Without water, almost all factories are closed. Most people are unemployed. Those who have a job work in desalination (海水脱盐) plants and are paid with drinkable water rather than with money. In the past, doctors s 94 adults drink eight glasses of water a day. Nowadays, I am only allowed half a glass. Most people are weak. Young people in their early 20s look as if they were in their 40s. Because there are f 95 trees, we don’t have enough oxygen. We have to pay for air. The air is not of very good quality, but at least we can breathe. Poor people die young. The average life expectancy (预期寿命) is 40 years. When my son asks me about my childhood, I tell him about how p 96 it was to fish in the rivers and how healthy people were. When he asks, “Why is there no clean water now?”，I feel guilty. I belong to the generation who turned a blind eye to all the warnings. I wish this letter could travel back in time and it would make people living in the 2020s t 97 understand the importance of saving water.                                                                                                                                                                                          Best,                                                                                Natalie 【答案】91．(o)ldest 92．(w)ithout 93．(e)ither 94．(s)uggested 95．(f)ew 96．(p)leasant 97．(t)ruly 【导语】本文是一封来自2070年的信，信中描述了人们在2070年因缺水而过的悲惨生活，呼吁现在的人们节约用水，保护自然资源。 91．句意：我已经是这个社会最老的人之一。根据前句“I don’t have much time left to live.”可知作者年事已高，另外“one of the...”后要填以o开头的形容词最高级。故填(o)ldest。 92．句意：现在，由于没有水，我们不得不剃头保证头部干净。根据本段中过去和现在状况的对比，可知是现在是没有水用的。故填(w)ithout。 93．句意：现在，所有的河流湖泊不是干涸就是被污染了。根据今昔对比，可知现在河流湖泊面临的严重问题，用“either...or...”结构。故填(e)ither。 94．句意：以前，医生建议成年人每天喝八杯水。“adults drink eight glasses of water a day”是医生过去对人的建议，用suggest的过去式。故填(s)uggested。 95．句意：由于树木少，我们没有足够的氧气。树木能吸收二氧化碳产生氧气，而句中说“we don’t have enough oxygen”，可知树木是越来越少的。故填(f)ew。 96．句意：当我的儿子问我的童年，我告诉他那时在河里钓鱼多么快乐，那时的人们是多么健康。作者在童年时水源充足，人们能在河边钓鱼是令人愉快的事情。故填(p)leasant。 97．句意：我希望这封信能回到过去，让生活在21世纪20年代的人真正懂得节约用水的重要性。根据句意可知这里要填一个副词来修饰“understand the importance of saving water”表达“真正地”。故填(t)ruly。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题15 首字母解题技巧讲练 核心考点聚焦 考点一：学法指导 1. 总述 首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。 2. 解题技巧 （1） 通读全文，了解大意 通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。 （2） 把握段首句 中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。 （3） 抓住关键词 文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。 （4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配 考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。 （5） 联系上下文解题 在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。 （6）重读文章，检验答案 当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。 考点二：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—代词 A: anyone anything Another(2) all E: everything either H: himself herself(2) hers M: mine myself N: nothing(3) nobody O: ones Ourselves others(3) nobody Other S: something self someone(2)/somebody T: These/They(2) them themselves(2) W: .who Y: yourself(2)/yourselves 考点三：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—副词 A: along around always(2) almost according actually again anywhere also(2) alone as already B: back Besides(2) C: completely closely carefully(3) clearly cheaply D: down E: exactly(3) especially(2) easily(3) even ever either F: finally further G: hardly how hard H: However how happily(2) I: instead inside immediately L: Luckily late likely loudly later M: more N: not never(3) Nearly nearby O: only off outside often out P: probably Perhaps purposely properly probably/possibly possibly Q: quietly(2) / quickly R: really rather S: still seriously Sometimes soon(2) seldom safely simply(2) Softly slowly(2) Suddenly/Soon so silently T: terribly through then together traditionally U: usually W: when .well(2) with 考点四：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—名词 A: address actress(actor) amount arrangement area/attraction Army arm(s) animal advertisements activities assistant B: bus bedroom building breakfast C: country culture class customers chance(2) color college cooks countries confidence/courage choice community D: diseases dream(2) days difference dream/daydream E: exercise experience example end eyes elephants earth's education efforts F: film future friendship flat fun G: game grades greenhouse H: housework happiness(2) hobbies homes/houses history hole hair hopes hours .hand hobby habits house I: information idea invention J: journey jackets job K: key L: lesson list living life luck leg length languages light/lamp M: milk moments (moment) minutes men money(2) message matter members .mixtrue mistake N: name number . O: owner offers officials nature Not P: popular part problems(2) people(2/persons performance presents person’s planets(2) population power R: radio rest(2) responsibility rule reasons resources record reasons result S: summer story smile stars saying surprise side skills(2) seat service sex sightseeing sense snow T: trouble(2) thousands types things Transport teachers ticket trip Tea W: writer(2) way words wastes world(2) wind 考点五：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—形容词 A: alive afraid average B: biggest better bad best beautiful C: cheaper careful cool clear calm D: difficult(2) different(3) deep E: easier(3) empty either easy(4) F: frightened future fat familiar fashion fair famous failed G：good H: harmful hungry helpful heavier happy half I: independent impossible important K: kind L: less little(3) long (longer(3)) lower likely least liquid larger large M: many/most modern much more main N: noisy/noisier natural/necessary no nervous new O: other own P: prefect prettier pleased possible popular public personal(2) pleasant poor R: right reasonable real(2) rude recent responsible S: safe sorry same(3) special small sick safe sick straight surprised simple shy serious T: two tired(3) traditional these/three thicker thankful top U: useful unusual V: various W: wrong wonderful(2) wise warm(2) worried(2) worse(2) weak wore Y: young 考点六：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—动词 A: allowed(2) answer attract appeared arrived attracted accept Add awarded appear B: bring become(2) being book broke beat(2) C: call catch come correct collect closed care(2) completed cleaning changed confuses choose complain(2) caused change crying/calling climbed carried chatted caught cares .counted communicate create/cause cry control D: deal/do decided discovered disappeared driven develop dates/dated destroy drive divided E: enjoying encourages exchange end examined enjoy F: finds follow failed followed flew finish falling feel focus .flying G: give(20 H: help hurried happened hide holding heard I: is including invented improved interest invited increased improve Invite instead J: judge join K: known .keep L: leave locked love like learned looks live(2)/lead lie lose(2) like linked M: means makes N: named need needed noticed needs(2) O: offered opened offer P: Proved played protect planned pay published(2)/printed pushes prove pointed polluted prefer prepare provides produce R: refused relax read received(2) realize repair remember return research reduce reading raised S: spend stopped shout sleep seems showed Suppose spread sell suffered searched stepped saved(saving) swim smell smile stop(3) spoken slept survey/study saying Services shut Solving suggests suggest T: think try talks turning turn throw tasted training U: understand .used W: works want written walking worry writing wish wasted wondered 考点七：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—连词 A：Although(2) B: because(2) but H: However T：Though(2) W: while/when 考点八：首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—介词 A: among as after B: between behind(2) before(2) D: during E: except F：for(2) I: into L: like O: on T: through U: under W: without 当堂限时检测 （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）在短文的空格内填入恰当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Many years ago, there was a young girl named Linda, who was so bad-looking that she didn’t like going out. She h 1 to hear people say, “Linda isn’t beautiful.” But there were times when she had to go shopping. She was unhappy and sometimes even a 2 at people’s criticizing (评论) her bad looks. One night, a strange old woman came to Linda’s house. She said to Linda, “My child, let me give you a hand. Put this magic flower in your hair, and you’ll become beautiful.” Linda did what the old woman said. S 3 strange happened. She became beautiful! Linda was surprised to see herself so wonderful in the m 4 . Magic really worked! She was so excited that she could h 5 believe her eyes. She ran happily out of her house. She walked on the street and smiled at everyone who looked at her. She became very friendly and nice, very different from what she was before. And all the people said, “Linda is so great today!” Finally, Linda returned to her home. But before she entered the house, she saw the magic flower on the ground. She l 6 the flower there before she hurried out. She didn’t wear it when walking on the street. （23-24八年级下·上海黄浦·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)   A volunteer picking up litter Alicia Waters Galan is litter-picking all the way from her home in Spain to Paris. She is heading to Change NOW 2024, an event where people will come together to f 7 solutions for climate change. It starts on 24 April. Alicia is raising money for Kids Against Plastic (an environmental charity) and she’s calling her adventure Pick 2 Paris. Alicia began to be a volunteer after v 8 an aquarium (水族馆). There she learned that some fish were d 9 because of eating plastic in the rivers and oceans. Through litter picking she says, “I can see the difference I’m making”. Her a 10 for other young people interested in volunteering is, “Wear gloves, bring a litter picker, go with an adult but don’t pick up anything sharp or d 11 ”. When it comes to balancing environmental work with schoolwork, Alicia says,“Yes, I’m active in working as a volunteer, but I’m also a s 12 . School first, then volunteering.” By sharing her environmental work with teachers, Alicia wants to e 13 others to join in. In fact, her last school day before she sets off to Paris, her classmates and teachers will do a whole school litter pick. You can find out more at superkind.org/ fundraiser/pick-2-paris. （23-24八年级下·上海普陀·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在对话的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) Judy: Hello, Tom. Please take a seat. I’m Judy. Tom: Hello, Judy. Nice to meet you. Judy: You too. You’ve applied to do a teaching course here, haven’t you? I’d like you to tell me, first of all, why you want to be a teacher. Tom: Well, I’d always like to e 14 things to help people understand. And I also want to work with young people. Judy: And why have you decided to become a PE teacher? Tom: I love all sports and I really believe it’s important for young people to do sports r 15 , for example, playing badminton twice a week. Doing sports also teaches young people important life l 16 , such as the importance of teamwork, discipline (纪律) and so on. Judy: OK, thank you. And, where does your passion (热情) for sports come from? Tom: Hmm, let me think. It’s d 17 to choose one special thing because I can think of many unforgettable experiences. More importantly, my mum was also a good sportswoman. She has inspired (启发) me a lot. Judy:That’s OK. And how do you think teachers can e 18 their students to enjoy sports? Tom: Hmm, that’s an interesting question. I think many students enjoy the competitive element (要素). They always want to be the best! What’s more, we need to reward them for trying their best. Anyway, it’s not all about w 19 the game! They can also learn from failures. Judy: OK, thank you very much, Tom. You make some good points. Tom: It’s my pleasure. Thank you. （23-24八年级下·上海奉贤·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一次, 首字母已给） The Rise of Electric Vehicles Electric cars, also called EVs, are getting more popular all over the world. People like them because they are good for the environment. These cars don’t use gasoline. Instead, they use electricity that comes from b 20 . You can fill them up at special places called charging stations, which are becoming more common in cities and along highways. This makes it easier for people to travel long distances w 21 worrying about running out of power. The very first electric car was made way back in the 1830s, a long time before cars that use gasoline were invented. However, electric cars only started to become more popular in recent years. This is because the technology got better and people started to care more about k 22 the Earth clean. One of the best things about electric cars is that they don’t make bad gases that can hurt the air and the Earth. They don’t have loud engines like gasoline cars, so they are q 23 , which makes driving them more peaceful and enjoyable. But, there are some problems too. One issue is that electric cars can’t go as far on one charge as gasoline cars can go on one tank of gas. A 24 , it can be hard to find places to charge the car in some areas. Even with the problems, the future of electric cars still looks b 25 . Lots of countries and companies are working to make them better. They’re putting up more places to charge and making the batteries l 26 longer. As more people buy electric cars, they’ll get cheaper for everyone. Moving to electric cars is great for keeping our planet clean. When we pick electric cars, we save money and help stop pollution. Electric cars are not just a cool new thing；they are part of a big change for a better world. （23-24八年级下·上海虹口·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的单词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 The Argument of the Colors Once upon a time, the colors of the world were arguing.Green said, “Clearly I am the most important. I am the life and h 27 . I am the color for grass, trees and leaves.Without me, all animals would die.” Yellow said, “I bring laughter, fun and warmth into the world. The sun is yellow, and the stars are yellow. Every time you look at a sunflower, the whole world starts to s 28 .Without me, there would be no fun.” Red couldn’t stand it any longer, so he shouted out, “I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of courage. I fight for the truth. I am also the color of love.” The colors went on the argument. It became louder and louder. Suddenly there came a bright light. It started to rain h 29 . The colors were so frightened that they hugged close to one another for comfort. The rain said, “You foolish colors, fighting among y 30 . Don’t you know that you were all s 31 and different? Now, join hands with each other and come to me.” Doing as they were told, the colors joined hand in hand. They came into a colorful r 32 . From then on, whenever a good rain washes the world, a rainbow appears in the sky. （23-24八年级下·上海崇明·期中）Trees are one of the oldest “citizens” of our earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noisy pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials.   Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, many trees learn how to p 33 themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near. Most young trees have large deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and e 34 . When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges (挑战) later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grew s 35 and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a r 36 adult. The tree reaches its largest size. Not only does the adult tree gives us shed, oxygen and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to nap or read a book or listen to music. If the adult tree receives proper care, it will continue to live h 37 for many years. Gradually trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it dies, it provides a home for small animals, and is also a source of food for many o 38 animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is similar to our own life especially. When looking at the life of a tree, we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. Enjoy every minute of it and take care of the trees! 课后提升专练 （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给） Run for Class President Two months ago, when our class election started, I decided to run for class President. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win, but I was a 39 that people would feel bad for me if I lost. I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t m 40 but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was c 41 prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong. However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response wasn’t what I’d e 42 . Few people actually listened when it was my opponent’s turn, everyone was screaming his name, his speech was short but all to the point, but by then I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer. It was obvious who would win. For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over, I wanted to just go home and cried, but I made it through. My prediction was right. I didn’t win. The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended not to hear but later things got better. People f 43 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I looked forward to. And moments of failure like this build c 44 since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger. （23-24八年级下·上海闵行·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 It was the last day of the final examination in a college. On the steps of a building, a group of engineering students were waiting for the last exam. On their faces was confidence. They knew the exam would be e 45 . The professor (a teacher at a college) had said they could bring any books or notes during the test. Right after they came into the classroom. The professor handed out the papers. There were only five questions on it. Three hours p 46 . Then the professor began to collect the papers. The students no longer looked confident. On their faces was nervous expression. The professor watched the worried faces before him, and then asked, “How many of you have completed all five questions?” No hand was r 47 . “How many of you have answered four?” Still no hands. “Three? Two?” The students moved restlessly in their seats. “One, then? Certainly somebody has finished one.” But the class kept silent. The professor said, “That is exactly w 48 I expected. I just want to make you know clearly that even though you have completed four years of engineering. There are still many things about the subject you don’t know. These questions you could not a 49 are common in everyday practice.” Then, smiling, he added, “You will all pass this course, your education has just begun.” The years have obscured (使模糊不清) the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught. （23-24八年级下·上海徐汇·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Roy is a middle-aged man who lives happily with his family in a big house. He is a successful craftsman now. But his life is not a 50 so great. He had a learning disability from an early age. He went to a school for children like him and he got plenty of extra help in this school. He still suffered (受苦) the rest of his school days in public schools. His life improved so much when he discovered art. The art world gave him a chance to express himself w 51 words. He went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay. Then he l 52 an important lesson: Though he was disabled in language, he could still be smart and successfully express himself with clay. He got his next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but he was scared from the start. He soon found it wasn’t a talent thing; it was just p 53 . So he did it more. After about five years of climbing, he found himself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. He learned that if a person fell in love with something and did it all the time, he would get b 54 at it. And his confidence came along with it. Later he found his e 55 really helpful when learning how to read and write. Every day he spent many hours reading and writing, which he used to avoid (回避) as much as possible. After two hard years, he could read and write as well as others. He has gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, reading and writing. Now he has got to a point in his life where he k 56 he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard, unknown, but interesting. （23-24八年级下·上海闵行·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words Time is money. This means that every moment (if we spent it well) may put some money into our pockets. If our time is carefully u 57 , it will either turn to some important piece of work, or it will add to our experience and increase our knowledge so as to enable us to get more money. Let those, who think nothing of w 58 time, remember this. Our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of losing life. We are f 59 when we think of death. But we are too careless to notice the loss (丢失) of an hour or a day, forgetting that our life is made up of the days and of the hours we live. A day or an hour is wasted. Therefore, so much life is lost. Now the average life span (寿命) is over seventy years. But nearly one-third of this has to be spent in s 60 ; some years have to be spent over our meals, some in making trips on land or by sea, some in watching over the sick beds of our dearest r 61 . All time is precious (珍贵的), but the time of our childhood and of our youth (青少年时代) is more precious than any other time of our life. During that time we can get knowledge and develop our abilities. If we allow these morning hours of life to run a 62 , we shall never be able to call it back. （23-24八年级下·上海静安·期中）It seems that everybody tells lies, not big lies, but what we call “white lies”. Telling white lies isn’t really that bad. Most of the time, people do it because they want to protect a friendship. Some studies suggest that the average person lies about seven times a day. The only real questions are about when people lie and w 63 people tell lies to. A recent study has found that people often say something different from the facts. Here are some w 64 they do it. A．Lying to hide something: People often lie because they want to hide something from someone. For example, a son doesn’t tell his p 65 that he’s dating a girl because he doesn’t think they will like her. Instead, he says he’s going out with the guys. B．Giving a false excuse: Sometimes people lie because they don’t want to do something. For example, someone invites you to a party. You think it will be b 66 , so you say you’re busy. C． Lying to make someone feel good: Often we stretch the truth to make someone feel good. For example, your friend cooks dinner for you, but it tastes terrible. Do you say so? No! You p 67 say, “Mmm, this delicious!” D．Lying to hide bad news: Sometimes we don’t want to tell someone bad news. For example, you have just had a very bad day at work, but you don’t f 68 like talking about it. So if someone asks you about your day, you just say everything is just fine. （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格词使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) Cat-Cow, Downward-facing dog and Pigeon: these names might sound like animals, but they are actually yoga poses. Nowadays, yoga is becoming more and more p 69 . After reading the passage, you’ll understand why it is practiced by such a lot of people. What is yoga? Yoga is the exercise for your body and mind. You should move your body into different positions while focusing on your breathing. Yoga was f 70 practiced around 5,000 years ago in northern India. It is now practiced all over the world by people of different a 71 from the young to the old. Why is yoga g 72 for me? Yoga encourages you to connect your body and mind. It is a good way to improve your mental health by reducing stress levels. It also r 73 endorphins (安多芬) that can make us relaxed. What if my body isn’t bendy? Yoga isn’t just for professional athletes. It’s a skill that can be learned by a 74 . According to NHS England, not only sports people but also ordinary people practice yoga. Joseph, who is only eight years old, also tries it. He said, “I want to try yoga because I love sports and yoga can s 75 me from getting injured.” （23-24八年级下·上海宝山·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) The year 2021 marks 100 years since the first Everest expedition (探险). With a height of 8,849 metres above sea level, Mount Everest is the world’s t 76 mountain. These days, more than 500 people every year try to climb it, but the very first organized expedition to Everest h 77 a century ago, in 1921. A team of British mountaineers wanted to explore the mountain. Their first mission was to try to find a route to the mountain. After this, their s 78 task was to try to establish the possible routes that could be used for an actual climb. Finally, if everything else went well, they would then see i 79 they could actually complete the climb itself and get to the top of the mountain. They set off on May 18, 1921, from northern India and walked about 300 miles to Mount Everest. The walk was so tough that Alexander Kellas, a Scottish chemist, died before they reached the f 80 of the mountain. Once the team had set up a base camp, they set about exploring the mountain. They spent four months circling Everest to learn more about it. George Mallory led most of the high climbing on the slopes (斜坡) of Everest. But when they attempted (尝试) to climb to the top of the mountain, they were beaten back by strong wind and s 81 . Although the team was eventually forced to retreat (撤退), they were still successful in establishing possible routes for further attempts. Mallory himself tried twice more to climb to the top but died on the slopes. It was 75 years before his body was found on the mountain. A series of expeditions and unsuccessful attempts that used the first expedition’s original routes f 82 in the 1920s and 1930s. This was all before Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary finally reached the top in 1953, making history on the planet’s highest peak. （23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）A recent study s 83 that people with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because hard-to-pronounce names inspire negative reaction from superiors (上级).       Researchers found that a “name pronunciation effect” played a major role in how people we perceived (理解，认为) by colleagues and friends. The team of American and Australian scientists concluded that the e 84 a person’s name was to say, the better their success was in the workplace and the more q 85 they were promoted (升职).        Their study, p 86 in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, also found a simple name improved people’s a 87 to make new friends.        Dr Simon Laham, from Melbourne University, who led the study, said people with simple names were generally judged more positively.            “The effect is not due merely to the length of a name or how foreign-sounding or unusual it is, but rather how easy it is to pronounce” he said. In their study, m 88 conducted in the field, the team investigated the way names can i 89 a person’s impressions and decision making. They looked at dozens of surnames from different nationalities of about 500 university student volunteers from, Anglo, Asian, and European backgrounds and a field of 500 lawyers in America.       The team found that people with more “pronounceable” names were more l 90 to win political office. Meanwhile, they found that American lawyers with easier sounding names were promoted faster within their law firms. （23-24八年级下·上海杨浦·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 A Letter from 2070Hi, This is the year 2070. I have just turned 50, but I look like a person of 85. I suffer from serious kidney(肾脏) problems because I don’t have enough water to drink. I’m afraid I don’t have much time left to live. I am already one of the o 91 people in this society. I remember when I was five years old, everything was very different. There were lots of trees in the parks. I could enjoy a shower for half an hour. At that time, women had beautiful hair. Now, we have to shave our heads to keep them clean w 92 the use of water. I remember there were “Save Water” warnings in many public places, but nobody paid attention. We believed water would last forever. Now, all the rivers and lakes are e 93 dry or polluted. Water is much more expensive than gold and diamonds. Without water, almost all factories are closed. Most people are unemployed. Those who have a job work in desalination (海水脱盐) plants and are paid with drinkable water rather than with money. In the past, doctors s 94 adults drink eight glasses of water a day. Nowadays, I am only allowed half a glass. Most people are weak. Young people in their early 20s look as if they were in their 40s. Because there are f 95 trees, we don’t have enough oxygen. We have to pay for air. The air is not of very good quality, but at least we can breathe. Poor people die young. The average life expectancy (预期寿命) is 40 years. When my son asks me about my childhood, I tell him about how p 96 it was to fish in the rivers and how healthy people were. When he asks, “Why is there no clean water now?”，I feel guilty. I belong to the generation who turned a blind eye to all the warnings. I wish this letter could travel back in time and it would make people living in the 2020s t 97 understand the importance of saving water.                                                                                                                                                                                                          Best,                                                                Natalie 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$