考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理）-【全优新高考】2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）

考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：定义 模块三：关系代词的用法 模块四：关系副词的用法 模块五：关系代词和关系副词的选用 模块六：关系代词作介词宾语 模块七：定语从句的种类 模块八：as引导的定语从句 模块九：定语从句特殊情况 模块十：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 模块二 定义 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 模块三 关系代词的用法 在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法 三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 who和whom who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp. = The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. who和that 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。 (1) 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. (2) 先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. (4) 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. (5) 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. 2. 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. 3. 关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 ①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. ②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ③只用which而不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. (2) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel(which/that) you will stay in. (3) 在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 11．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 12．Many developing countries rely on the export of agricultural products have become fearful of famine or drought­like situations. (用适当的词填空) 13．The meat filling might consist of chopped pork, beef or chicken has been cooked with a variety of spices. (用适当的词填空) 14．Like many undergraduate biology students, Wang Fang was taught that pandas are a prime example of an umbrella species—a well-known and usually endangered animal protection benefits an entire ecosystem. (用适当的词填空) 15．This is the perfect opportunity to step outside of your comfort zone and introduce yourself to people from another division you may not have met. （用适当的词填空） 16．While this was a (compete) race, what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination participants showed during the race. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials protect items during shipping. (用适当的词填空) 18．Zhong Wen’ an, chief engineer at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, said they had completed the most extensive rehearsal before launch, is also the final joint rehearsal. (用适当的词填空) 19．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest everyone likes to visit. (用适当的词填空) 20．Some people intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. (用适当的词填空) 模块四 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1. 关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：The hotel where we stayed was very clean. =The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage(which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more. 2. 关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如： I’ll never forget the time when we first met. =I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. I still remember the day when my brother joined the army. = I still remember the day on which my brother joined the army. The date when he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are s when joking is not permissible. 3. 关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard. =The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason (that)/for which she left. · 带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句 “The reason why/that...” 或 “...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well. 表语从句 “The reason is that...” (不能用why, 否则就重复了) The reason is that he is always careless in his work. 21．According to experts, this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty sugar animals and figures were created as part of ceremonies for sacrifice. (用适当的词填空) 22．Every spring foggy days moisten the emerald hillsides, villagers know their harvest will come. (用适当的词填空) 23．Northern Kenya is a vast, varied and breathtakingly beautiful landscape you can find the “Towers of the Savanna” — reticulated (网纹的) giraffes. (用适当的词填空) 24．The reason this traditional flatbread happens to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. (用适当的词填空) 25．Children should be encouraged to get involved in community activities they can gain experience for growth. (用适当的词填空) 26．“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. (用适当的词填空) 27．Sales director is a position interaction technique is just as vital as sales competence. (用适当的词填空) 28．Was it at the school he spent his childhood? （用适当的词填空） 29．The summer I graduated from university was long and hot.(用适当的词填空) 30．There are many reasons English is so widely used around the world. （用适当的词填空） 31．This is the reason he was absent from school yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 32．None of the people knew the reason the car before his house was damaged. (用适当的词填空) 33．Woesler said that one of the reasons modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. (用适当的词填空) 34．China’s modernization process over the past four decades has created a new context there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, gnerating something new and genuine. (用适当的词填空) 35．Besides clean water and refreshing air, the village impresses many with its stone streets, ancient-style farm houses and various venues people can go hiking, play baseball and go fishing. (用适当的词填空) 36．“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ... (用适当的词填空) 37．Some people grow up in more formal families hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. (用适当的词填空) 38．Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021 she became the country's first woman to conduct a spacewalk. (用适当的词填空) 39．The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, leading actors used to wear masks. (用适当的词填空) 40．Adolescence is an important period in a person’s growth guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers. (用适当的词填空) 模块五 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 This is the college (that/which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. 两句中的先行词一样，都是college, 但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which, 因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where, 因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 41． is seen from the picture, a student is overloaded with piles of homework and endless after­school training, making him breathless. (用适当的词填空) 42．The excessive use of high technology can also make our life passive, will make the majority of us become lazier, and we are unwilling to explore minds any longer. (用适当的词填空) 43．Since the first ceremony in 1929, only thirteen awards were given out, the Oscars have grown in size and popularity. (用适当的词填空) 44．Hua Mulan, the story of has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). (用适当的词填空) 45．Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning.(用适当的词填空) 46．She was much younger than the other members in the conservation and research team at the Mogao Caves, leader was her father Chang Shuhong (1904-1994), a noted painter and director of the Dunhuang Academy. (用适当的词填空) 47．There are many features the app offers, and my favorite is the birdsong listening feature, you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse birdsongs. (用适当的词填空) 48．In particular, the Ling Si Hall, the rituals (典礼) are held, is a treasure of ancient architecture. (用适当的词填空) 49．The custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside, every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking colorful pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows and walls. (用适当的词填空) 50．To engage myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape. 模块六 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) · “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) · 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 2) 根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 3) 根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 51．She is the woman the name of is known all over the country. (用适当的词填空) 52．The people whom Mr Smith associates are all highly respectable.（用适当的词填空） 53．It aims at being a gathering place in companies can have their own space to promote their products and services through virtual trade fairs. （用适当的词填空） 54．In fact, the manner he spoke was rough. (用适当的词填空) 55．Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. （用适当的词填空） 56．The police found the knife John killed his wife. (用适当的词填空) 57．Grace will never forget the day she was admitted to the university.(用适当的词填空) 58．Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 59．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends. 60．China has many museums in the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold. (用适当的词填空) 模块七 定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 区别： 1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用隔开。 2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般. 3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹) He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹) 5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. He was proud, which his brother never was. 61．—The pen with ________ she is writing is Jeff’s. —Yeah. Jeff is looking for the pen. A．that B．whom C．which D．who 62．Liu Cixin has written many scientific fiction books, some of have been translated into other languages. A．them B．that C．which D．what 63．Last summer I stayed at a fantastic hotel facilities are brilliant. A．that B．where C．which D．whose 64．After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly and soon fell around the world, ________ was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. A．it B．this C．that D．which 65．Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．for whom C．with which D．with whom 66．In our class there are 50 students, ________ half achieved a score of 140 or higher in the English examination of Gaokao. A．of them B．in whom C．of whom D．in them 67．Haiti was struck by a terrible earthquake in January, ______ effects the people are still suffering months later. A．from which B．what C．where D．from whose 68．I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused. A．where B．that C．which D．when 69．True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 70．Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 模块八 as引导的定语从句 1. as引导的限定性定语从句 多用于the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. I saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dream of. He is as great a painter as ever lived. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in.（同一个） I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一类） 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句 多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know. =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ①位置的不同 which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如： He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同 as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. ④as 一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。 常用的结构有as we all know; as often happens; as is often the case; as we can see; as is announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned/ said/ shown/ reported等。 71．________ we all know, the beauty of calligraphy consists in the inner peace ________ you experience Chinese brilliant culture. A．As; in which B．As; when C．That; what D．That; where. 72．_____is known to everybody，she is well ­known for her beautiful songs. A．It B．As C．That D．What 73．________is reported in the newspaper, the economic of our country has increased in the last year. A．Which B．It C．As D．What 74．________ was once predicted by a famous scientist, in another twenty years, AI robots would completely ________ humans as workers. A．It; take place of B．As; take the place of C．It; in the place of D．As; in place of 75．She is such a lovely girl ______ is liked by everybody. A．what B．as C．that D．which 76．I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV. A．that B．which C．as D．it 77．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so. A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing 78．The explorer took only ________ men and things ________ he really needed into the jungle with him. A．those; which B．such; as C．those; who D．such; that 79．It was _______ a big decision _______ most students have to make before graduation. A．so; that B．such; that C．such; as D．so; as 80．She is such a girl________ is always finding fault with other people. A．that B．as C．who D．which 模块九 定语从句特殊情况 1. way和time后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 1)在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。 2. 定语从句含插入成份 定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sb feel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。 如：This is the woman the musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country. 此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。 We will discuss the benefits _________ I feel have resulted from the project. They went to the place ________ they believed they could find some food. 模块十 当堂限时检测 81．Her English teacher has taught me a lot, _______she is grateful. A．for which B．for that C．of which D．at whom 82．Jackson turned out at the Grammy Awards,________music artists are given an award for their artistic or technical achievement. A．when B．where C．which D．whose 83．Recently they have been developing a new kind of drug, ________ effects we are greatly concerned. A．to whose B．about whose C．to which D．about which 84．Students will encounter many challenges in the universities for the first year,________ getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one. A．of which B．for which C．to which D．by which 85．The book is the best one ________ I have ever read. A．which B．that C．who D．what 86．This morning I picked up a wallet and I traced the person______it belonged according to the information on a card in the wallet. A．of which B．to which C．of whom D．to whom 87．There are altogether fifty-­four students in our class, is a newcomer from a faraway mountain village. A．the most diligent of who B．but the most diligent of whom C．the most diligent of them D．of whom the most diligent 88．I have many friends, some are businessmen. A．of them B．from which C．of whom D．who of 89．The book I’d like to recommend is Fu Lei’s Family Letters, ________ Fu Lei shared his views about art and life. A．that B．which C．where D．who 90．The ant runs its own body every second, ________ it is quicker than an Olympic 100-meter runner. A．as 108 times as long; meaning B．108 times longer than; which meaning C．108 times the length of; which means D．108 times how long; meaning 91．They lived in a beautiful house, _________the windows were decorated with paper cuttings. A．of which B．on which C．with which D．by which 92．More than 300 years ago, an apple hit Newton on the head when he wad reading under a tree, ________ he got inspiration. A．which B．from which C．on which D．to which 93．All ________ you have to do is to practice it every day. A．which B．that C．what D．who 94．I’ll never forget the days ______ I studied hard in my senior high school, ______ changed my whole life. A．when; which B．that; which C．which; when D．when; that 95．— Where did you meet him while in Beijing? — It was in the hotel __________ I stayed． A．that B．which C．when D．where 96．We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk. A．where B．that C．on which D．which 97．The restaurant ________ they serve fried chicken is my favorite. A．which B．when C．that D．where 98．The digital age also enables us to find people ________ share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing computer games. A．which B．what C．who D．whose 99．I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it. A．which B．that C．where D．what 100．Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too. A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：定义 模块三：关系代词的用法 模块四：关系副词的用法 模块五：关系代词和关系副词的选用 模块六：关系代词作介词宾语 模块七：定语从句的种类 模块八：as引导的定语从句 模块九：定语从句特殊情况 模块十：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 参考答案： 1．where 2．whose 3．who/that 4．where 5．that/ which 6．that/ which 7．who/that 8．that 9．that 10．that 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。 1．考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：上个月我去了一个展览会，在那里我欣赏了很多很棒的画。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 2．考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。 3．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同2题。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 4．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同4句。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 6．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 7．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 8．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说 Mary 是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用 which。故填that。 9．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同8题。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 10．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习绘画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 【点睛】学习定语从句除了掌握定语从句的基本规则以外，多记忆一些典型例句，做到语法句中学。例如：This is the school （that/which）I visited last year. 这是我去年参观的学校。This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年在那里学习的学校。I will never forget the day(that/which) I spent in Beijing.我永远忘不掉我在北京度过的那天。I will never forget the day when I stayed in Beijing. 我永远忘不掉我在北京逗留的那天。I know a girl who is called Mary./I know a girl whose name is Mary.我认识个女孩名叫Mary。 模块二 定义 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 模块三 关系代词的用法 在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法 三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 who和whom who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp. = The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. who和that 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。 (1) 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. (2) 先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. (4) 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. (5) 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. 2. 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. 3. 关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 ①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. ②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ③只用which而不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. (2) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel(which/that) you will stay in. (3) 在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 11．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 12．Many developing countries rely on the export of agricultural products have become fearful of famine or drought­like situations. (用适当的词填空) 13．The meat filling might consist of chopped pork, beef or chicken has been cooked with a variety of spices. (用适当的词填空) 14．Like many undergraduate biology students, Wang Fang was taught that pandas are a prime example of an umbrella species—a well-known and usually endangered animal protection benefits an entire ecosystem. (用适当的词填空) 15．This is the perfect opportunity to step outside of your comfort zone and introduce yourself to people from another division you may not have met. （用适当的词填空） 16．While this was a (compete) race, what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination participants showed during the race. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials protect items during shipping. (用适当的词填空) 18．Zhong Wen’ an, chief engineer at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, said they had completed the most extensive rehearsal before launch, is also the final joint rehearsal. (用适当的词填空) 19．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest everyone likes to visit. (用适当的词填空) 20．Some people intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. (用适当的词填空) 参考答案： 11．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 12．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多依赖农产品出口的发展中国家已经开始担心饥荒或类似干旱的情况。此处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词countries，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 13．that/which 【详解】9. 考查关系代词。这是一个定语从句，先行词是chopped pork, beef or chicken，是事物；定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 14．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：和许多生物学专业的本科生一样，王芳被告知大熊猫是伞类物种的典型代表——一种众所周知的濒危动物，保护它们有利于整个生态系统。空处引导定语从句，先行词animal，在从句中作主语的定语，故用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 15．whom/who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个绝佳的机会，可以走出你的舒适区，向来自另一个部门的人介绍你自己，而这些人你可能没有见过。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词为people指人，可用关系代词whom/who/that引导。故填whom/who/that。 16． competitive that/which 【详解】考查形容词和定语从句。句意：虽然这是一场有竞争力的比赛，但真正重要的不是冠军头衔，而是参与者在比赛中表现出的决心。分析句子结构可知，第一空为形容词作定语修饰名词race，compete的形容词为competitive意为“有竞争力的”；第二空为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少showed的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词determination指的是事物，所以此处应为that或者which。故填①competitive②that/which。 17．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它被用于各种产品，从保持饮料冷热的杯子，到在运输过程中保护物品的包装材料。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是packaging materials，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 18．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西昌卫星发射中心总工程师钟文安表示，他们已经完成了发射前最广泛的彩排，这也是最后一次联合彩排。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词rehearsal，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 19．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：武夷山是一个吸引人的地方，每个人都喜欢去参观。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词place of interest 前有such进行修饰时，关系词用as，此处关系代词as在从句中作宾语。故填as。 20．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intention，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 模块四 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1. 关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state… The hotel where we stayed was very clean. =The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage(which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more. 2. 关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion... I’ll never forget the time when we first met. =I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. I still remember the day when my brother joined the army. = I still remember the day on which my brother joined the army. The date when he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are occasions when joking is not permissible. 3. 关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard. =The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason (that)/for which she left. · 带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句 “The reason why/that...” 或 “...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well. 表语从句 “The reason is that...” (不能用why, 否则就重复了) The reason is that he is always careless in his work. 21．According to experts, this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty sugar animals and figures were created as part of ceremonies for sacrifice. (用适当的词填空) 22．Every spring foggy days moisten the emerald hillsides, villagers know their harvest will come. (用适当的词填空) 23．Northern Kenya is a vast, varied and breathtakingly beautiful landscape you can find the “Towers of the Savanna” — reticulated (网纹的) giraffes. (用适当的词填空) 24．The reason this traditional flatbread happens to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. (用适当的词填空) 25．Children should be encouraged to get involved in community activities they can gain experience for growth. (用适当的词填空) 26．“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. (用适当的词填空) 27．Sales director is a position interaction technique is just as vital as sales competence. (用适当的词填空) 28．Was it at the school he spent his childhood? （用适当的词填空） 29．The summer I graduated from university was long and hot.(用适当的词填空) 30．There are many reasons English is so widely used around the world. （用适当的词填空） 31．This is the reason he was absent from school yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 32．None of the people knew the reason the car before his house was damaged. (用适当的词填空) 33．Woesler said that one of the reasons modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. (用适当的词填空) 34．China’s modernization process over the past four decades has created a new context there is a partnership between the ancient and modern, gnerating something new and genuine. (用适当的词填空) 35．Besides clean water and refreshing air, the village impresses many with its stone streets, ancient-style farm houses and various venues people can go hiking, play baseball and go fishing. (用适当的词填空) 36．“There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ... (用适当的词填空) 37．Some people grow up in more formal families hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. (用适当的词填空) 38．Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021 she became the country's first woman to conduct a spacewalk. (用适当的词填空) 39．The origin of facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, leading actors used to wear masks. (用适当的词填空) 40．Adolescence is an important period in a person’s growth guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers. (用适当的词填空) 参考答案： 21．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据专家介绍，这种类型的中国民间艺术起源于明代，当时制作糖动物和人物是祭祀仪式的一部分。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，缺少时间状语，且先行词为the Ming Dynasty，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。 22．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:每年春天，当雾气笼罩着翠绿的山坡时，村民们知道他们的丰收就要到来了。此处缺少定语从句的关系词，先行词为“every spring”，定语从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。 故填when。 23．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：肯尼亚北部是一片辽阔、多样、令人叹为观止的美丽景观，在那里你可以找到“稀树大草原之塔”——网状长颈鹿。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Northern Kenya，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在肯尼亚北部”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 24．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应使用关系副词why。故填why。 25．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：应该鼓励孩子们参加社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 26．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Levine说：“如果你还没有开始锻炼的话, 人生中开始锻炼的最佳时机是在中年晚期, 那时心脏还有灵活性。”空后the heart still has flexibility结构完整，空前有表时间的短语late middle age，分析可知设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为late middle age（表时间）。 故填when。 27．in which/where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：销售总监是一个互动技巧和销售能力一样重要的职位。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词或者“介词+which”引导定语从句，先行词position为抽象地点名词，可以与介词in搭配表示“在这个岗位上”，也可以使用关系副词where表地点，所以此处可以使用in which或者where。故填in which/where。 28．that/where/in which 【详解】考查强调句。句意：他是在那个学校里，度过他的童年的吗？根据句子结构，此处考查强调句结构:It was+被强调部分+that+其他部分，句中强调的是地点状语，设空处缺that。故填that。 考查定语从句。如果it指代物，则考查定语从句。句意：它在他度过他的童年的那个学校里吗？school为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where或in which。故答案为that或where或in which。 29．when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我大学毕业的那个夏天又长又热。分析句子结构可知,此处应用when引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词The summer,在定语从句中作时间状语。此处也可用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,由in the summer可知，应用介词in。in which相当于when。故填when/in which。 . 30．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英语在世界范围内被广泛使用有很多原因。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，且从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词why来引导定语从句，故填why。 31．why 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这就是他昨天缺课的原因。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作原因状语，先行词为reason，应用why。故填why。 32．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 没有人知道他家门前那辆车被损坏的原因。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason, 设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应该用关系副词 why。故填why。 33．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：沃斯勒说，中国现代文学吸引他的一个原因是，许多作品都具有强烈的地域特色。分析句子可知，此处引导限定词定语从句，先行词为the reasons，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语从句，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 34．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：过去四十年来，中国的现代化进程创造了一个新的背景，即古代与现代之间的伙伴关系，产生了新的和真实的东西。该从句位于名词之后且由前面的名词“context(背景、环境)”可知，后面应该是起修饰作用的定语从句，把名词还原回定语从句中应该是作地点状语，所以填入关系副词where。故填where。 35．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了干净的水和清新的空气，这个村庄给许多人留下了深刻的印象，它有着石头街道、古式的农舍和各种各样的活动场所，人们可以在那里徒步旅行、打棒球和钓鱼。空处引导定语从句，先行词venues表示地点，设空处在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where，故填where。 36．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处。”她的寓言是这样开头的。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为town“城镇”，所以应用关系副词where。作地点状语。故填where。 37．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人在比较正式的家庭长大，在那里拥抱并不常见。其他人可能会经历让拥抱变得不愉快的虐待。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为more formal families，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。 38．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 2021年11月7日，中国航天员王亚平创造了历史，成为中国首位进行太空行走的女性。先行词为November 7, 2021，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词when, 故填when。 39．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：京剧中使用的脸谱的起源可以追溯到南北朝时期，当时的主角常戴面具。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Northern and Southern Dynasties，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 40．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：青春期是一个人成长的重要时期，这时期在塑造青少年性格方面急需指导。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为an important period，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。 模块五 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 This is the college (that/which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. 两句中的先行词一样，都是college, 但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which, 因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where, 因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 41． is seen from the picture, a student is overloaded with piles of homework and endless after­school training, making him breathless. (用适当的词填空) 42．The excessive use of high technology can also make our life passive, will make the majority of us become lazier, and we are unwilling to explore minds any longer. (用适当的词填空) 43．Since the first ceremony in 1929, only thirteen awards were given out, the Oscars have grown in size and popularity. (用适当的词填空) 44．Hua Mulan, the story of has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). (用适当的词填空) 45．Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning.(用适当的词填空) 46．She was much younger than the other members in the conservation and research team at the Mogao Caves, leader was her father Chang Shuhong (1904-1994), a noted painter and director of the Dunhuang Academy. (用适当的词填空) 47．There are many features the app offers, and my favorite is the birdsong listening feature, you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse birdsongs. (用适当的词填空) 48．In particular, the Ling Si Hall, the rituals (典礼) are held, is a treasure of ancient architecture. (用适当的词填空) 49．The custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside, every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking colorful pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows and walls. (用适当的词填空) 50．To engage myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape. 参考答案： 41．As 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：从照片中可以看出，一名学生被成堆的家庭作业和无休止的放学后训练弄得喘不过气来。此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如”，应使用关系代词as。位于句首首字母大写，故填As。 42．which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：过度使用高科技也会使我们的生活变得被动，这将使我们大多数人变得懒惰。分析句子可知，逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替前面句子的内容在从句中作主语。故填which。 43．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1929 年的第一次颁奖典礼只颁发了 13个奖项，自那以后，奥斯卡的规模和受欢迎程度增加了。先行词为1929，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词。故填when。 44．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：花木兰是北魏（386－534）的一位战士，中国历代都有花木兰的故事。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hua Mulan，为人，作介词of后宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 45．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆对中国竹笛的喜爱始于小学，清脆的笛声引导他走上了学习长笛的道路。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为the Chinese bamboo flute，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰clear sound，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 46．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她比莫高窟保护和研究小组的其他成员年轻得多，莫高窟保护和研究小组的组长是她的父亲常书鸿（1904—1994）——著名画家以及敦煌研究院院长。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the conservation and research team，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 47．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这款应用提供了许多功能，我最喜欢的是鸟鸣收听功能，你可以打开手机的麦克风，听到各种鸟鸣的录音。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the birdsong listening feature，在从句中作抽象地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 48．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：特别是举行仪式的灵思堂，是古代建筑的瑰宝。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Ling Si Hall，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 49．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种风俗在广大的农村地区特别流行，每家每户都忙着打扫整座房子，在门、窗和墙上贴上彩色图画或剪纸。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the vast countryside表示地点，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词where，故填 where。 50．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the “industrial park”，根据句意，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 模块六 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) · “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) · 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 2) 根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 3) 根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 51．She is the woman the name of is known all over the country. (用适当的词填空) 52．The people whom Mr Smith associates are all highly respectable.（用适当的词填空） 53．It aims at being a gathering place in companies can have their own space to promote their products and services through virtual trade fairs. （用适当的词填空） 54．In fact, the manner he spoke was rough. (用适当的词填空) 55．Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. （用适当的词填空） 56．The police found the knife John killed his wife. (用适当的词填空) 57．Grace will never forget the day she was admitted to the university.(用适当的词填空) 58．Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 59．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends. 60．China has many museums in the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets，lifeless and cold. (用适当的词填空) 参考答案： 51．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她是全国都知道的女人。分析可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the woman，关系词在从句中做介词of的宾语，故填whom。 52．with 【详解】考查介词。句意：与史密斯先生交往的人都很受人尊敬。此处考查固定搭配：associate with意为“与…交往”，此处是介词+关系代词引导定语从句，所以将介词+关系代词提前。故填with。 53．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它的目标是成为一个聚集的地方，在这里，企业可以有自己的空间，通过虚拟贸易交易会推广他们的产品和服务。设空处前有介词in，先行词为place，在定语从句中作地点状语，此处为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。根据句意，故填which。 54．that/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：事实上，他说话的态度很粗鲁。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为the manner，在定语从句中作方式状语，故可用that/in which引导，故填that/in which。 55．that/in which/省略(/) 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你的朋友也会影响你看待自己外表的方式。分析句子可知，此处为the way当“way”表示“方式、方法”，the way在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，the way在从句中作作状语成分，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。故填that/in which/ 省略(/)。 56．with which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：警察找到了约翰用于杀害妻子的那把刀。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为the knife，根据逻辑关系，定语从句中需使用介词with引出宾语the knife，所以应使用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，因先行词指物，故填with which。 57．when/on which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Grace永远不会忘记被大学录取的那一天。分析句子结构，______ she  was admitted to the university.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the day，从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句，或用“介词+which”，表示“在具体某天”用介词on。故填when##on which。 58．which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：营造一个让员工感到自己是团队一员的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。本句是定语从句，其中先行词为atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中作in的宾语，即在这种氛围中，即用which，故填which。 59．which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的先行词the fundamental skill，关系词在定语从句中作depend on的宾语，先行词表示物时，要用关系代词which充当介词upon的宾语。故填which。 60．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多博物馆，里面收藏的文物数不胜数。如果这么多文物和文化遗产只陈列在博物馆的柜子里，毫无生气，冷冰冰的，那将是一种遗憾。分析句子可知，此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是many museums，指物，作介词in后面的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 模块七 定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 区别： 1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why. 3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹) He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹) 5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. He was proud, which his brother never was. 61．—The pen with ________ she is writing is Jeff’s. —Yeah. Jeff is looking for the pen. A．that B．whom C．which D．who 62．Liu Cixin has written many scientific fiction books, some of have been translated into other languages. A．them B．that C．which D．what 63．Last summer I stayed at a fantastic hotel facilities are brilliant. A．that B．where C．which D．whose 64．After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly and soon fell around the world, ________ was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. A．it B．this C．that D．which 65．Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A．for which B．for whom C．with which D．with whom 66．In our class there are 50 students, ________ half achieved a score of 140 or higher in the English examination of Gaokao. A．of them B．in whom C．of whom D．in them 67．Haiti was struck by a terrible earthquake in January, ______ effects the people are still suffering months later. A．from which B．what C．where D．from whose 68．I admire my English teacher greatly as he always tries his best to create an atmosphere ______ students’ interest can be actively aroused. A．where B．that C．which D．when 69．True equality and excellent education are timeless issues ______ we should strive for and gain further insights into. A．where B．why C．when D．which 70．Hate and anger are felt only for those ________ we care deeply. A．for which B．with which C．for whom D．with whom 参考答案： 61．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——她正在用的那支笔是杰夫的。——是的。杰夫正在找那支笔。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词pen是物，作with的宾语。因此空格处是which，故选C。 62．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刘慈欣写了许多科幻小说，其中一些已被翻译成其他语言。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词many scientific fiction books，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故选C。 63．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年夏天我住在一家很棒的酒店，那里的设施非常好。定语从句修饰先行词hotel，在从句作定语，表示所属关系，应用whose。故选D。 64．D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：1975年以后，美国周围的大鲨鱼数量迅速下降，很快世界范围内的大鲨鱼数量也下降了，这不仅是因为对鲨鱼的恐惧，也是因为对鲨鱼的捕杀。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故选D。 65．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：导游书是为了方便旅行者而准备的，通常会为他们推荐城市或景点的路线。分析句子可知，这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，从句中表示城市或景点的路线是被推荐给这些旅行者的，先行名词是travelers，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词for的宾语，用关系代词whom，因此使用介词for+whom的形式引导定语从句。故选B项。 66．C 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在我们班级中，有50名学生，在高考英语考试中，其中一半的学生达到了140分或以上。 分析句子可知，这个句子是个定语从句，A和D均错误，因为包含了them，它可以充当主语，从而使得横线后的句子成为一个独立句子，两个独立句子不可以被逗号直接连接；C选项正确，half和先行词之间是所属关系，应用介词of，故选C项。 67．D 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：海地在1月份遭受了一场可怕的地震，几个月后，海地人民仍在遭受地震的影响。此处为介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，由句意及空后effects the people are still suffering months later可知从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose，表示所属关系，作定语，修饰名词effects，suffer from...(忍受，遭受，患……病，受……之苦），将介词from提前，故选D项。 68．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常钦佩我的英语老师，因为他总是尽力营造一种可以积极激发学生兴趣的氛围。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。 69．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：真正的平等和卓越的教育是我们应该努力追求并进一步深入了解的时代课题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词issues。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D。 70．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：憎恨和愤怒只会发生在我们深切关心的人身上。care for“关心”。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作for的宾语，应用介词for+whom引导。故选C。 模块八 as引导的定语从句 1. as引导的限定性定语从句 多用于the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. I saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dream of. He is as great a painter as ever lived. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in.（同一个） I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一类） 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句 多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know. =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ①位置的不同 which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如： He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同 as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. ④as 一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。 常用的结构有as we all know; as often happens; as is often the case; as we can see; as is announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned/ said/ shown/ reported等。 71．________ we all know, the beauty of calligraphy consists in the inner peace ________ you experience Chinese brilliant culture. A．As; in which B．As; when C．That; what D．That; where. 72．_____is known to everybody，she is well ­known for her beautiful songs. A．It B．As C．That D．What 73．________is reported in the newspaper, the economic of our country has increased in the last year. A．Which B．It C．As D．What 74．________ was once predicted by a famous scientist, in another twenty years, AI robots would completely ________ humans as workers. A．It; take place of B．As; take the place of C．It; in the place of D．As; in place of 75．She is such a lovely girl ______ is liked by everybody. A．what B．as C．that D．which 76．I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV. A．that B．which C．as D．it 77．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so. A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing 78．The explorer took only ________ men and things ________ he really needed into the jungle with him. A．those; which B．such; as C．those; who D．such; that 79．It was _______ a big decision _______ most students have to make before graduation. A．so; that B．such; that C．such; as D．so; as 80．She is such a girl________ is always finding fault with other people. A．that B．as C．who D．which 参考答案： 71．B 【详解】考查从句。句意：众所周知，当你体验中国灿烂的文化时，书法的美在于内心的平静。分析句意可知，第一空使用连词as引导非限定性定语从句，构成的as we all know意为“周所周知”；第二空使用连词when引导时间状语从句。故选B项。 72．B 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，她以优美的歌曲而闻名。分析句子可知，空格处为一个非限制性定语从句缺少关系词表示“正如”，应使用as为关系代词，指代主句整个内容符合句意。若用it，则为：It is known to everybody that she is...句型中It是形式主语。故选B项。 73．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如报纸上报道的那样，去年我国的经济增长了。句中有两个谓语动词is reported和has increased，故空处应选择连词；分析可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句位于主句之前，先行词是整个主句内容，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词as引导，意为“正如”。故选A。 74．B 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。句意：正如一位著名科学家曾经预测的那样，再过二十年，人工智能机器人将完全取代人类成为工人。take place of (代替)，take the place of (代替，取代)，in the place of (在……地方)，in place of (代替)，第一空引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”应用as引导，排除A项和C项；第二空缺少谓语动词，in place of为介词短语，不能作谓语，排除D项。故选B。 75．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她是一位被大家喜欢的可爱女孩。当先行词被such，as，so，the same修饰时，定语从句缺乏主，宾，表时，定语从句用as引导，本句先行词为a girl前有such来修饰限定，所以用as引导定语从句。故选B。 76．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我买了电视广告上所宣传的那种手表。本句为such...as引导的定语从句，as指代先行词a watch ,作定语从句的主语。故选C项。 77．C 【详解】考查定语从句和形容词。句意：众所周知，中国将在20年或30年左右成为一个先进和强大的国家。分析句式结构可知，此处是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面全句内容，as在从句中充当主语；再根据下文的country可知，“先进的”国家，用形容词advanced修饰。故选C项。 78．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位探险家只带他真正需要的人和东西进入丛林。such ... as ...用于引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作needed的宾语。such ...that ...用于引导结果状语从句 ，that在从句中不作成分。故选B。 79．C 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这是大多数学生在毕业前必须做出的一个重大决定。第一空后是a big decision，前面只能使用such，作定语；第二空引导限定性定语从句，当先行词前有such或as时，只能使用as引导定语从句。故选C。 80．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她是这样一个总是挑别人的毛病的女孩。分析句子可知，空格后的部分为定语从句，先行词是a girl，但前面有such修饰，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词as。故选B项。 模块九 定语从句特殊情况 1. way和time后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 注意： 1)在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。 2. 定语从句含插入成份 定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sb feel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。 如：This is the woman who the musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country. 此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。 We will discuss the benefits _________ I feel have resulted from the project. that/which They went to the place ________ they believed they could find some food. Where 模块十 当堂限时检测 81．Her English teacher has taught me a lot, _______she is grateful. A．for which B．for that C．of which D．at whom 82．Jackson turned out at the Grammy Awards,________music artists are given an award for their artistic or technical achievement. A．when B．where C．which D．whose 83．Recently they have been developing a new kind of drug, ________ effects we are greatly concerned. A．to whose B．about whose C．to which D．about which 84．Students will encounter many challenges in the universities for the first year,________ getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one. A．of which B．for which C．to which D．by which 85．The book is the best one ________ I have ever read. A．which B．that C．who D．what 86．This morning I picked up a wallet and I traced the person______it belonged according to the information on a card in the wallet. A．of which B．to which C．of whom D．to whom 87．There are altogether fifty-­four students in our class, is a newcomer from a faraway mountain village. A．the most diligent of who B．but the most diligent of whom C．the most diligent of them D．of whom the most diligent 88．I have many friends, some are businessmen. A．of them B．from which C．of whom D．who of 89．The book I’d like to recommend is Fu Lei’s Family Letters, ________ Fu Lei shared his views about art and life. A．that B．which C．where D．who 90．The ant runs its own body every second, ________ it is quicker than an Olympic 100-meter runner. A．as 108 times as long; meaning B．108 times longer than; which meaning C．108 times the length of; which means D．108 times how long; meaning 91．They lived in a beautiful house, _________the windows were decorated with paper cuttings. A．of which B．on which C．with which D．by which 92．More than 300 years ago, an apple hit Newton on the head when he wad reading under a tree, ________ he got inspiration. A．which B．from which C．on which D．to which 93．All ________ you have to do is to practice it every day. A．which B．that C．what D．who 94．I’ll never forget the days ______ I studied hard in my senior high school, ______ changed my whole life. A．when; which B．that; which C．which; when D．when; that 95．— Where did you meet him while in Beijing? — It was in the hotel __________ I stayed． A．that B．which C．when D．where 96．We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk. A．where B．that C．on which D．which 97．The restaurant ________ they serve fried chicken is my favorite. A．which B．when C．that D．where 98．The digital age also enables us to find people ________ share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing computer games. A．which B．what C．who D．whose 99．I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it. A．which B．that C．where D．what 100．Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too. A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which 参考答案： 81．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她的英语老师教了我很多东西，为此她很感激。观察选项和题干可知，空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，be grateful for是固定短语，意为“对……心存感激”，她对空前所描述的事情表示感激，因此空格处是for which。故选A。 82．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：杰克逊出席了格莱美颁奖典礼，这是音乐艺术家因其艺术或技术成就而获奖的地方。先行词为the Grammy Awards，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 83．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近他们在研制一种新药，其效果引起了我们的高度关注。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 a new kind of drug，结合短语be concerned about可知应用介词about，从句缺少定语。故选B。 84．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大学的第一年，学生们将面临许多挑战，其中最重要的挑战之一是迅速适应新环境。先行词为many challenges，定语从句为getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one of，先行词表示物作宾语，用which，of提前。故选A项。 85．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本书是我读过的最好的一本。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是one，指物，关系词在从句中作read的宾语，且先行词有形容词最高级修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故选B。 86．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天早上我捡到一个钱包，根据钱包里卡片上的信息，我找到了钱包的主人。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词the person指人，所以关系代词使用whom，根据固定短语belong to意为“属于”可知，此处介词to提前，所以此处为“to whom”引导的定语从句。故选D项。 87．D 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们班一共有五十四名学生，其中最勤奋的是一位来自遥远山村的新学生。句子结构以及句意分析可知，设空处可以填“of whom the most diligent/the most diligent of whom”构成非限制性定语从句，whom在从句中作介词of的宾语，指代先行词“fifty­-four students”；选项A中应把who改成whom，定语从句中关系代词指人，位于介词后用whom，不能用who；B项应去掉并列连词but，或者把whom改为them构成由but连接的并列句；C项应在the前加连词but，构成并列句，或者把them改为whom构成非限制性定语从句。故选D。 88．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有许多朋友，其中有一些是商人。根据句意及所给句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为friends，介词of+whom (宾格)引导从句，表示“其中”，whom指代人。故选C项。 89．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想推荐的书是《傅雷家书》，在这本书里，傅雷分享了他对艺术和生活的看法。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在书中”。故用where。故选C。 90．C 【详解】考查倍数的表达法和定语从句。句意：蚂蚁每秒钟跑自己身体长度的108倍的距离，这意味着它比一名奥运会100米运动员的速度还快。根据倍数的表达方式“数字+times+the length/size/depth/height/ect.+of+比较对象”可知，空格1应填108 times the length of；空格2处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The ant runs 108 times the length of its own body every second，空格2在从句中作主语和谓语，由于主语指代前面的整个句子，只能用关系代词which引导，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C项。 91．A 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：他们住在一所漂亮的房子里，房子的窗户都装饰着剪纸。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是house，从句中缺少定语，应是the windows of house，所以应该用of which引导。故选A项。 92．B 【详解】考查介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：300多年前，牛顿在一棵树下读书时，一个苹果砸到了他的头，他从中得到了灵感。空处及之后为非限制性定语从句，短语：get inspiration from“从……得到灵感”，所以此处把介词提前，使用介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，故选B。 93．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你所要做的就是每天练习。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词All，指物，关系词在从句中作do的宾语，应用关系代词that引导。故选B。 94．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我在高中努力学习的日子，这改变了我的一生。第一空引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词the days，设空处指代先行词在从句中充当时间状语，用关系副词when引导；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，设空处指代空前整个句子阐述的事情，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 which引导。故选A项。 95．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：—— 你在北京的时候在哪里遇到他的?—— 在我住的酒店里。该句子是一个强调句，后面省略了that I met him。空格后的部分是一个定语从句，对先行词hotel进行限定说明，先行词hotel在从句中作地点状语，所以空格处应该填入关系副词where代替先行词hotel在从句中作状语。故选D项。 96．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们只是在努力达到一个双方都能坐下来谈判的地步。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个定语从句，对先行词point进行限定说明，先行词point表示抽象的地点，关系词在从句中在状语，所以，空格处应该填入关系副词where代替先行词point在从句中作状语。故选A项。 97．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们供应炸鸡的那家餐馆是我的最爱。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为The restaurant，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故选D项。 98．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：数字时代也使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，例如收集汽车模型或玩电脑游戏。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故选择C项。 99．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我知道我把护照放在了一个我认为安全的地方，但现在我记不起来了。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 100．C 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：Hart博士说他真正钦佩的是，她认可健康的身体不仅使她更美丽，而且更快乐。分析句子可知，第一空引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词替代先行词在从句中作状语，用关系代词that引导，是固定用法。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$