2024年中考英语考前专题冲刺复习课件：介词

2024中考英语二轮复习 语法专项 介词 1. at, on, in at: 具体钟点之前或用于固定搭配中。 e.g. at seven o’clock; at noon, at the age of 10 on: 星期、具体日期及某天上午、下午、晚上前。 e.g. on Sunday, on June 1st, on Monday morning in: 年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。 e.g. in May, in 2023, in autumn, in the morning 时间介词 in: “(从现在起……)多久之后”，常与一般将来时连用。 e.g. She’ll be back in an hour. after: after + 时间点, 意为 “在……之后”, 与一般将来时连用; after + 以过去为起点的时间段, 意为 “在……之后”, 与一般过去时连用 e.g. We will play football with my friends after 17:00. They finished the work after two weeks. 2. in, after before + 时间点, 意为 “在……之前”。 e.g. He’ll arrive here before ten. 3. before 4. during, through 5. for, since during 在……期间；through从头到尾。 for + 时间段，since + 时间点，均可与现在完成时连用。 e.g. I have studied English for six years. He has lived here since 2019. by + 将来的时间, 常与一般将来时连用，意为 “在……之前”; by + 过去的时间, 常与过去完成时连用，意为 “到……为止”。 e.g. I’ll finish the task by Friday. We had learnt 1,000 English words by the end of last term. 6. by 用于肯定句中，意为 “直到……为止”; 用于否定句中，not … until … 直到……才……。 e.g. I waited for you until 10 o’clock. I didn’t go to bed until ten. 7. until at: 在某处，后通常接相对较小的地点； in: 在某处，后通常接相对较大的地点。 from: 指来自某处。 on: on + 面 e.g. They arrived late at the bus stop. He lives in China. Jane is from Australia. She was wandering on the street. 1. at, in, from 地点、方位介词 in: 表示在某一范围之内的某方位(属于该范围) on: 表示与某地是毗邻(接壤)关系 to: 表示在某一范围之外的某方位(不属于该范围) e.g. Guangzhou is in the south of China. Vietnam is on the south of China. Japan lies to the east of China. 2. in, on, to above: 高于；在……之上。不一定在正上方，无接触。 over: 在……的正上方。强调垂直关系或空间接近。 on: 在……上并与表面接触。 under: 在……垂直方向的下面但不与表面接触。 below: 在……之下, 不一定垂直在下。 3. above, over, on, below, under e.g. Raise you arms above your head. There is a bridge over the river. There is a plae on the table. There are many bikes under the tree. I could hear the noise in the yard below my window. in front of / behind: 在某一空间外部范围的前面或后面 in the front of / at the back of: 在某一空间内部范围的前面或后面 across:  从表面横过, 穿过 如: go across the bridge through: 从空间内部穿过 如: walk through the forest over: 含有从某一物体表面之上或空间范围之上通过或 越过之意 如: over the mountains 4. in front of, in the front of, behind, at the back of 5. across, through, over from: 表示起点 “从……” to: 后接目的地, “到……” toward(s): “朝向”, 强调方向性, 且不指远的地方 along: “沿着……一直走”, 含有一直向前的意思 down: “朝着, 沿着, (从高处)向下” e.g. --- How far is it from here to the school? --- Not very far. You can walk down/along the street until the end. You will see it. 6. from, to, toward(s), along, down in: in + 材料或语言(中间无冠词) e.g. Can you sing the song in English? with: with + one’s/冠词 + 工具 e.g. I write my homework with a pen. by: by + doing… 以……方式 e.g. It’s good to relax by listening to music. on: on + (通讯设备类)名词，以……方式 e.g. They talked on the telephone. 方式介词 1. in, with, by, on表示 “用” by: by + 不涉及交通工具的名词 如: by sea, by air by + 交通工具名词单数 如: by ship, by plane in和on: in/on + 冠词/one’s + 交通工具名词 如: in a car, on my bike 2. by, in和on 表示交通方式 including: 包含, 包括 besides:  除了……之外(还有) except:  除了……之外，还有……(不包括) 其他常用介词 1. including, besides, except 2. with, without with: 和……在一起；具有(品质、特征等)；带有；随着  without: 不, 没有 3. between, among between: 在两者之间，常与and连用。 among: 在三者或三者以上之间 for: 支持  against: 反对; 反抗; 紧靠, 碰 beyond: 超过 注意：for还可以表示价格和目的。 4. for, against, beyond 5. for, to 一些动词可带双宾语，当先说直接宾语(表物)时，间接宾语(表人)前可以用for，也可以用to。 与for搭配的有 buy / make / cook / order / choose / provide等； 与to搭配的有give / send / lend / pass / tell / show / offer / hand / throw等。 e.g. Are you for or against the plan? They are all against my decision. It is beyond human power. She made a dress for her daughter. He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday. 1) of sb. 用于句型“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.” 中, 这类形容词有kind, nice, good, careful, clever等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。 e.g. It is kind of you to help us. 2) for sb. 用于句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.” 中, 这类形容词为easy, important等不表示人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。 e.g. It is important for us to learn English well. 6. for sb. 和 of sb. 介词在实际使用中常常与其他词构成固定搭配，需要随时积累并熟记。 固定搭配 Ⅰ. 根据语境、首字母或汉语提示写出所缺单词或短语。 1. Who's knocking _________ the door?(2022 广西贺州) 2. I guess the temperature is b________ zero because it's freezing here. (2021 四川南充) 3. If we push the table back a_________ the wall, we'll have more room. 4. She sat down __________(在……前面) the mirror and brushed her hair carefully. on / at  below  against  in front of 5. We've got a 3-day holiday _________(include) New Year's Day. (2021 甘肃天水、武威) 6. I would rather walk _________ a friend in the dark than walk alone in the light. 7. It was careless _________ her to leave the door open. including with  of Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 消防员在大火中总共救出来12人，他们太勇敢了! The firefighters were so brave that they saved twelve people in the fire _______________. (2022 辽宁朝阳) 2. 校长亲自把奖品发给学生们。 The headmaster handed out the prizes to the students _______________. (2022辽宁本溪、辽阳、葫芦岛) 3. 玛丽很粗心，经常错误地拿走别人的家庭作业。 Mary is so careless that she often takes others' homework _______________. (2022 湖北十堰) in total / in all  in person  by mistake  4. 我们应该学会自己处理问题。(deal) We should learn to _______________ the problems by ourselves. (2022 湖北黄冈) 5. 上个月，他们想出了一些办法给年轻人提供更多就业岗位。(come) They _______________ some ideas to offer the young more jobs last month. (2022湖北黄冈) 6. 越来越多的外国人对中国的茶文化感兴趣。 More and more foreigners are _______________ China's tea culture. (2022 陕西A卷) deal with  came up with (getting / becoming) interested in  7. 让我们吃惊的是，这位国际友人擅长烹制中餐。 _______________, the foreign friend is good at cooking Chinese food. (2022 江苏无锡) 8. 我在家里练习英语，阅读书籍。 I practice English and read books ______________. (2022 山东枣庄) To our surprise  at home  9. 青少年们应该学会对自己的行为负责。 Teenagers should learn to be ______________ their behaviors.  (2022 四川达州) 10. 在龙舟比赛中，两支队伍同时到达终点。 Two teams reached the finishing line ______________ in the Dragon Boat race. (2021 辽宁盘锦) responsible for  at the same time 2. The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed _________ disabled people to play music with eyes. (2023江苏连云港) A. in B. as C. for D. over 1. The earthquake in Turkey (土耳其) happened _____ February 6,2023. （2023湖南怀化中考） A. on B. in C. at A C 4. Look! The traffic light is green. We can go _______the road now. （2023四川遂宁中考） A. across B. above C. below D. against 3. —Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China? — It falls ______ April 24 every year. （2023云南中考） A. at B. in C. on D. for C A 5. About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2. (2023江苏宿迁中考) A. at B. on C. in D.to B 7. Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party _______ telling her so that she can be surprised. （2023湖北武汉中考） A. about B. from C. without D. for 6. The toy is ________ my little brother. I bought it yesterday. (2023福建中考) A. for B. from C. by C A 8. China launched (发射) Shenzhou-16 manned space ship successfully _______ May 30, 2023. (2023湖南株洲中考) A.at B. on C. in B 9. —I’m thirsty. I’d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Betty? —I prefer a cup of tea _______ nothing in it. (2023山东滨州中考) A. to B. for C. with D. without C 10. —The Double Trank of Chengdu-Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December, 2022. — Yes, it’s very convenient now. It takes us about three hours ________ Chengdu to Xichang on a high-speed train. (2023四川凉山中考) A. between B. from C. in B 1. 语法填空。(2023湖南永州中考) The People's Republic of China was set up _______ 1st October 1949. People have celebrated the National Day since then. on 2. 综合填空。 （2023湖北宜昌中考） We have been much closer _______ writing letters. by 3. 短文填空。 (2023重庆中考B卷中考) They put phones away an hour ________ bedtime and they use an alarm clock to wake up. before 4. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2023 湖南长沙中考） Do you know World Letter Writing Day? It falls _____ September 1st every year. It was setup by Richard Simpkin in 2014. on 5. Grammar-filing. (2023黑龙江牡丹江中考) ________ France, before the arrival of the New Year, the family always get together and drink up all the liquor (酒) at home. In 6. 请阅读下面短文, 根据语篇内容, 在空白处填入恰当的单词, 使短文通顺、连贯, 并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 (2023山西中考) The people who mark(评分) the tests don't know how helpful you are to your Mom and Dad, or how caring you are when playing _______ others in the playground. with/ against 7. 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 (2023河南中考) I love this great museum. It is a wonderful place _______ learn about Chinese characters. In the museum, you will see how the Chinese characters developed ______ the early pictograms (象形文字) into different characters being used today. to from $$