专题03 介词（讲案）-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通（江苏专用）

专题01名词-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通（江苏专用） 专题03 介词(讲义) 目录 01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点一 介词的基本含义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点二 特殊介词的含义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点三 常考的介词短语-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 考点四、常考动词的固定结构和搭配----------------------------------------------------------------------------11 考点五、依据句式和搭配填介词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 专题03 介词(讲义) 01 考情分析 考情分析：分析2021-2024年新高考有关冠词的考向分布。 题型 语法填空 高考考点 介词 新高考I卷 2024 as 2023 by 2022 as 2021 新高考II卷 2024 to 2023 with 2022 2021 from 浙江新高考卷 2023年1月 as 2022年6月 at 2021年7月 for 2021年7月 by 02 知识概览 03 必备知识 考点一 介词的基本含义 (1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。 (2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。 (3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。 (4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。 (5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。 【高考真题】 1.（2024·全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 2.（2022•全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 考点二 特殊介词的含义 （1）with的用法 ①与…（在）一起 I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。 ②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着 He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。 China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。 ③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用 He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。 She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。 【易错提醒】 ①用英语说：speak in English ②用钢笔写：write in ink ③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar ④[表材料或内容]以；用 The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。 ⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地 He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。 I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。 注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如： with care=carefully 认真地 with kindness=kindly 亲切地 with joy=joyfully 高兴地 with anger=angrily 生气地 with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地 with delight=delightedly 高兴地 with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地 ⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。 With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。 ⑦[表条件]若是；如果 With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。 【易错提醒】表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如： With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。 With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。 ⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为) Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。 She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。 He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。 Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。 Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。 ⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后 With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。 With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。 ⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化） The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。 Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。 The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。 【易错提醒】with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如： He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。 People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。 ⑪[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时 Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。 Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。 ⑫赞成；同意 I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。 ⑬[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说 He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。 The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。 It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。 ⑭[表对立或敌对]对立；反对 The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。 He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。 ⑮与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against） sail with the wind顺风驶船 swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳 ⑯伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情） With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。 The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。 【高考真题】 （2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English　　　　　　?  （2）against ①反对（反义词for） Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。 ②违背，违抗，违反 What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。 Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。 ③紧靠；倚 The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 ④迎着；逆着 You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。 We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。 ⑤撞击，碰着 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。 Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。 ⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 ⑦不利于   an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据 （3）by ①到…为止；不迟于 They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。 Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。 I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。 【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。 ②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如： They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。 As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。 The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。 ③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。 by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路 但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如： We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。 We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。 ④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段） He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。 ⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词） Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。 The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。 ⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词） The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。 She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。 ⑦在…旁边 Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。 ⑧从看；依；按照 By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了? 【高考真题】 （2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1 in women and men. （4）through ①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过） The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。 The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。 ②通过，凭借（方法手段） You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 ③由于，因为 The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。 ④自始至终；从头到尾/底 We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。 They will continue construction through the winter months. 他们整个冬季将继续施工。 We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。 ⑤经受；经历 The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。 （5）for ①因为；由于 Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。 He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。 ②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往 They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？ ③支持；赞成（反义词：against） Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。 ④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常） He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。 The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。 ⑤对于；至于；关于 For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。 It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。 ⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达 For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。 We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。 ⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 ⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于 Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。 Isn't that enough for you?.那对你来说不够吗？ ⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语) Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？ It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。 It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。 （6）from ① (表示时间)从…起，始于 She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。 ②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…) He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。 Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。 ③ (表示距离)离(某处)… Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。 ④（表示来源）来自；出自 He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。 ⑤ (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止 The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。 ⑥(表示区别、比较) He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。 I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。 ⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成) Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。 ⑧（表示原因）因为,由于 He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。 He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖 ⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断) From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。 The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。 （7）under ①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下 She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。 All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。 ②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下 Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。 The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。 The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。 ③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下 He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。 The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。 He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。 ④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下) I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。 He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。 He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。 ⑤在（…状况或条件）下 His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。 Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。 The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。 ⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名） He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。 The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。 （8）upon ①在…上 He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。 He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。 She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。 ②一…即…；一…就… Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。 Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。 ③将要发生；马上来临 The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。 The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。 【短语】 once upon a time很久以前 look down upon瞧不起 upon my word 的确；我发誓 考点三 常考的介词短语 ①at＋名词 at a loss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作 【高考真题】 （2022年6月•浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven. ②其他高频介词短语 against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……at the age of在……岁时in the face of　 面对；面临in addition (to)另外；除了in case of　 万一in charge of负责；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of 需要in no time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为……作准备in return for作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importance重要的on behalf of代表 ③by＋名词 by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算 【高考真题】 （2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 　　　 hand rather than rolled. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。 ④beyond＋名词 beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond (one's) reach够不到 ⑤in＋名词 in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use使用中 ⑥on＋名词 on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出售on strike在罢工on the way在途中 ⑦out of＋名词 out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date过期out of order出故障out of work失业 ⑧under＋名词 under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中 考点四 常考动词的固定结构和搭配 ①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有： accuse控告　　　cheat欺骗cure治愈 inform通知remind使想起 rob抢劫 warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服convince使信服 ②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有： blame责备 criticize批评forgive原谅 excuse原谅pardon原谅 punish惩罚 scold责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏 ③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有： prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；禁止shelter保护 ④常考的动词短语 remind sb. of sth.　提醒某人某事 result from　由……造成，因……而产生 call at访问(某地) add to增加 call for要求；需要 care about关心 end up with以……结束 fix one's eyes on 注视 give in屈服；上交 get rid of免除；摆脱 look down on/upon轻视；看不起 make use of利用 run out of用完 take pride in因……而自豪 live up to不辜负 come up with提出 take on呈现 put forward提出 put up with忍受 make fun of取笑 adapt to适应 refer to涉及；查阅；指的是 come across (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收 【高考真题】 1.（2024·新高考I卷）The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.（2022•新高考I卷) Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 3.（2021年7月•浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842. 考点五 依据句式和搭配填介词【高频再现】 (1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。 (2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by oneself “靠自己”。 (3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of “因……而自豪”。 (4)其他搭配，【易错提醒】如：not ...until ...“直到……才……”；from ...to ...“从……到……”；between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。 【高考真题】 1.（2024·新高考II卷） “Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.” 2．（2023•全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong　　　 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.  04 关键能力 1.高考评价体系要求：考生能在具体的语境中，准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高介词运用能力的基本策略： 【高频再现】 （1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。 （2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。 （3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night、on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be good at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to、arrive at、look for等。 【易错提醒】 (1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。 (2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。 (3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。 (4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help of。 2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识 【考例分析】 （2024·河北省保定市高三下学期二模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chengde Mountain Resort Chengde Mountain Resort lies in the north of Chengde City, Hebei Province in the north of China and covers an area of 5,640,000 square meters. First 1 (build) in the 42nd year during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the whole construction of Chengde Mountain Resort 2 (last) a total of about 90 years. The resort is mainly composed of Palace Zone and Garden Scenery Zone. Located in the south part of the resort, Palace Zone comprises rows of buildings in a perfect layout, 3 look like those in the Forbidden City in Beijing. 4 buildings fall into four groups: Central Palace, Pine and Crane Studio, Valleys and Pines, and East Palace. Garden Scenery Zone is divided into the lake area, the plain area and the mountain area. 5 (lie) in the west and north of the plain area, the mountain area has an area of 4,435,000 square meters, accounting for four 6 (five) of the total area of the resort. The towering peaks seem as if they are natural blockades preventing the bitter wind from entering the zone and that seems to be 7 the weather here is regulated. Unlike other royal gardens, Chengde Mountain Resort is a perfect 8 (combine) of quintessence of both the south and north gardens that follow the natural terrain and suit measures to conditions of mountains and waters for construction. It is an outcome of inheriting (继承) and 9 (far) expanding the architectural philosophy of Chinese classical gardens. It is a milestone of pride in Chinese garden history and a masterwork of Chinese classical garden art, claimed 10 the largest existing royal garden in the world. ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01名词-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通（江苏专用） 专题03 介词(讲义) 目录 01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点一 介词的基本含义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点二 特殊介词的含义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 考点三 常考的介词短语-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 考点四、常考动词的固定结构和搭配----------------------------------------------------------------------------12 考点五、依据句式和搭配填介词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 专题03 介词(讲义) 01 考情分析 考情分析：分析2021-2024年新高考有关冠词的考向分布。 题型 语法填空 高考考点 介词 新高考I卷 2024 as 2023 by 2022 as 2021 新高考II卷 2024 to 2023 with 2022 2021 from 浙江新高考卷 2023年1月 as 2022年6月 at 2021年7月 for 2021年7月 by 02 知识概览 03 必备知识 考点一 介词的基本含义 (1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。 (2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。 (3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。 (4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。 (5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。 【高考真题】 1.（2024·全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 2.（2022•全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【答案】 by 【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。 考点二 特殊介词的含义 （1）with的用法 ①与…（在）一起 I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。 ②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着 He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。 China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。 ③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用 He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。 She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。 【易错提醒】 ①用英语说：speak in English ②用钢笔写：write in ink ③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar ④[表材料或内容]以；用 The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。 ⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地 He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。 I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。 注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如： with care=carefully 认真地 with kindness=kindly 亲切地 with joy=joyfully 高兴地 with anger=angrily 生气地 with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地 with delight=delightedly 高兴地 with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地 ⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。 With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。 ⑦[表条件]若是；如果 With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。 【易错提醒】表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如： With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。 With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。 ⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为) Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。 She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。 He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。 Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。 Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。 ⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后 With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。 With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。 ⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化） The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。 Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。 The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。 【易错提醒】with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如： He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。 People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。 ⑪[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时 Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。 Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。 ⑫赞成；同意 I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。 ⑬[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说 He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。 The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。 It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。 ⑭[表对立或敌对]对立；反对 The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。 He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。 ⑮与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against） sail with the wind顺风驶船 swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳 ⑯伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情） With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。 The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。 【高考真题】 （2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English　　　　　　?  【答案】with　 【解析】考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?speak English with sb意为“和/对某人说英语”,故本空应用介词with。 （2）against ①反对（反义词for） Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。 ②违背，违抗，违反 What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。 Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。 ③紧靠；倚 The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 ④迎着；逆着 You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。 We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。 ⑤撞击，碰着 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。 Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。 ⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 ⑦不利于   an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据 （3）by ①到…为止；不迟于 They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。 Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。 I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。 【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。 ②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如： They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。 As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。 The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。 ③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。 by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路 但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如： We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。 We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。 ④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段） He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。 ⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词） Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。 The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。 ⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词） The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。 She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。 ⑦在…旁边 Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。 ⑧从看；依；按照 By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了? 【高考真题】 （2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1 in women and men. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，此处by表示“差值”。故填by。 （4）through ①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过） The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。 The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。 ②通过，凭借（方法手段） You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 ③由于，因为 The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。 ④自始至终；从头到尾/底 We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。 They will continue construction through the winter months. 他们整个冬季将继续施工。 We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。 ⑤经受；经历 The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。 （5）for ①因为；由于 Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。 He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。 ②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往 They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？ ③支持；赞成（反义词：against） Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。 ④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常） He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。 The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。 ⑤对于；至于；关于 For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。 It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。 ⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达 For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。 We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。 ⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 ⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于 Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。 Isn't that enough for you?.那对你来说不够吗？ ⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语) Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？ It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。 It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。 （6）from ① (表示时间)从…起，始于 She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。 ②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…) He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。 Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。 ③ (表示距离)离(某处)… Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。 ④（表示来源）来自；出自 He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。 ⑤ (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止 The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。 ⑥(表示区别、比较) He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。 I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。 ⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成) Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。 ⑧（表示原因）因为,由于 He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。 He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖 ⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断) From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。 The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。 （7）under ①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下 She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。 All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。 ②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下 Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。 The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。 The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。 ③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下 He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。 The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。 He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。 ④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下) I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。 He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。 He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。 ⑤在（…状况或条件）下 His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。 Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。 The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。 ⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名） He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。 The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。 （8）upon ①在…上 He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。 He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。 She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。 ②一…即…；一…就… Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。 Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。 ③将要发生；马上来临 The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。 The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。 【短语】 once upon a time很久以前 look down upon瞧不起 upon my word 的确；我发誓 考点三 常考的介词短语 ①at＋名词 at a loss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作 【高考真题】 （2022年6月•浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven. 【答案】at 【解析】考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。 ②其他高频介词短语 against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……at the age of在……岁时in the face of　 面对；面临in addition (to)另外；除了in case of　 万一in charge of负责；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of 需要in no time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为……作准备in return for作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importance重要的on behalf of代表 ③by＋名词 by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算 【高考真题】 （2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 　　　 hand rather than rolled. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。 ④beyond＋名词 beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond (one's) reach够不到 ⑤in＋名词 in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use使用中 ⑥on＋名词 on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出售on strike在罢工on the way在途中 ⑦out of＋名词 out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date过期out of order出故障out of work失业 ⑧under＋名词 under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中 考点四 常考动词的固定结构和搭配 ①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有： accuse控告　　　cheat欺骗cure治愈 inform通知remind使想起 rob抢劫 warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服convince使信服 ②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有： blame责备 criticize批评forgive原谅 excuse原谅pardon原谅 punish惩罚 scold责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏 ③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有： prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；禁止shelter保护 ④常考的动词短语 remind sb. of sth.　提醒某人某事 result from　由……造成，因……而产生 call at访问(某地) add to增加 call for要求；需要 care about关心 end up with以……结束 fix one's eyes on 注视 give in屈服；上交 get rid of免除；摆脱 look down on/upon轻视；看不起 make use of利用 run out of用完 take pride in因……而自豪 live up to不辜负 come up with提出 take on呈现 put forward提出 put up with忍受 make fun of取笑 adapt to适应 refer to涉及；查阅；指的是 come across (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收 【高考真题】 1.（2024·新高考I卷）The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 2.（2022•新高考I卷) Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。 3.（2021年7月•浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯•德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯•德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。 考点五 依据句式和搭配填介词【高频再现】 (1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。 (2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by oneself “靠自己”。 (3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of “因……而自豪”。 (4)其他搭配，【易错提醒】如：not ...until ...“直到……才……”；from ...to ...“从……到……”；between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。 【高考真题】 1.（2024·新高考II卷） “Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.” 【答案】 to 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 2．（2023•全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong　　　 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.  【答案】to　 【解析】考查介词。句意:从佛寺到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至连它的布局都是如此,这座城市保存了其精心建造的环路系统。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。 04 关键能力 1.高考评价体系要求：考生能在具体的语境中，准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高介词运用能力的基本策略： 【高频再现】 （1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。 （2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。 （3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night、on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be good at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to、arrive at、look for等。 【易错提醒】 (1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。 (2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。 (3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。 (4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help of。 2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识 【考例分析】 （2024·河北省保定市高三下学期二模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chengde Mountain Resort Chengde Mountain Resort lies in the north of Chengde City, Hebei Province in the north of China and covers an area of 5,640,000 square meters. First 1 (build) in the 42nd year during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the whole construction of Chengde Mountain Resort 2 (last) a total of about 90 years. The resort is mainly composed of Palace Zone and Garden Scenery Zone. Located in the south part of the resort, Palace Zone comprises rows of buildings in a perfect layout, 3 look like those in the Forbidden City in Beijing. 4 buildings fall into four groups: Central Palace, Pine and Crane Studio, Valleys and Pines, and East Palace. Garden Scenery Zone is divided into the lake area, the plain area and the mountain area. 5 (lie) in the west and north of the plain area, the mountain area has an area of 4,435,000 square meters, accounting for four 6 (five) of the total area of the resort. The towering peaks seem as if they are natural blockades preventing the bitter wind from entering the zone and that seems to be 7 the weather here is regulated. Unlike other royal gardens, Chengde Mountain Resort is a perfect 8 (combine) of quintessence of both the south and north gardens that follow the natural terrain and suit measures to conditions of mountains and waters for construction. It is an outcome of inheriting (继承) and 9 (far) expanding the architectural philosophy of Chinese classical gardens. It is a milestone of pride in Chinese garden history and a masterwork of Chinese classical garden art, claimed 10 the largest existing royal garden in the world. 【答案】 1．built 2．lasted 3．which 4．The 5．Lying 6．fifths 7．how/why 8．combination 9．further 10．as 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了承德避暑山庄，包括其占地面积、建造历史、内部布局和建筑理念等信息。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：承德山庄始建于清康熙四十二年，整个建设历时约90年。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，build“建造”和the whole construction of Chengde Mountain Resort逻辑上是被动关系，应用build的过去分词形式，作状语。故填built。 2．考查动词时态。句意：承德山庄始建于清康熙四十二年，整个建设历时约90年。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in the 42nd year during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填lasted。 3．考查定语从句。句意：宫殿区位于避暑山庄的南部，由一排排布局完美的建筑组成，看起来就像北京的紫禁城。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词rows of buildings作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 4．考查冠词。句意：建筑分为四组：正宫、松鹤斋、万壑松风和东宫。空处表示特指，指上文提到的建筑，应用定冠词the，句首单词首字母应大写。故填The。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：山峦区位于平原区西部和北部，面积443.5万平方米，占度假区总面积的五分之四。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，lie“位于，坐落在”和the mountain area逻辑上是主动关系，应用lie的现在分词形式，作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Lying。 6．考查分数的表达。句意：山峦区位于平原区西部和北部，面积443.5万平方米，占度假区总面积的五分之四。根据“of the total area of the resort”可知，此处指“五分之四”，应用序数词fifth的复数形式，和基数词four一同构成分数表达。故填fifths。 7．考查表语从句。句意：高耸的山峰似乎是天然的屏障，阻止刺骨的风进入该地区，这似乎是这里的天气被调节的方式/原因。空处引导名词性从句作表语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词，或理解为是在解释天气被调节的原因，用连接副词why作引导词。故填how/why。 8．考查名词。句意：与其他皇家园林不同，承德避暑山庄是南北园林的精华的完美结合，遵循自然地形，因山就水地进行建设。空处作表语，被a perfect修饰，应用名词combination，意为“组合，结合”。故填combination。 9．考查副词比较级。句意：它是对中国古典园林建筑理念的继承和进一步拓展的产物。根据“inheriting”和“expanding”可知，此处表示“进一步拓展”，表示比较的概念，应用副词比较级further，意为“进一步”。故填further。 10．考查介词。句意：它是中国园林史上值得骄傲的里程碑，是中国古典园林艺术的杰作，被称为世界上现存最大的皇家园林。根据“the largest existing royal garden in the world”可知，此处用固定短语be claimed as表示“被称作”。故填as。 ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$