精品解析：广东省佛山市高明区第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次大考英语试卷

2023-2024学年下学期高明一中第一次大考 高二英语 2024年04月 本试卷共页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必要填写答题卡上的有关项目。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答案涂在答题卷相应的位置上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔盒涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.请考生保持答题卷的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节 听力理解 (共6小题;每小题2分，满分12分) 材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有两个小题, 各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题, 在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 听第一段材料，回答第1-3题。材料和问题读两遍。 1. A. Study plans. B. New teachers. C. Learning methods. 2. A. Give new teachers a surprise. B. Leave teachers a good impression. C. Keep an open mind to new teachers 3. A. Teachers’ different personalities. B. Teachers’ similar way of teaching. C. Teachers’ timely help and guidance. 听第二段材料，回答第4—6题。材料和问题读两遍。 4. A. Parents’ love. B. No living costs. C. Ready-made meals. 5. A. Express thanks to her parents. B. Have patience with her mom. C. Spend more time with her mom. 6. A. They may have accidents. B. They may feel lonely. C. They may not get along. 第二节回答问题(共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分) 听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍，读完每个问题后你将有10秒钟的作答时间。 7. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 10._________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分.阅读理解(共40分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The British Museum, in London, recently planned to make digital(数字的) copies of all the objects it keeps. The project to deal with about 8 million objects will take five years. The reason for this is that the museum said in August that about 2, 000 objects had been stolen or missing. The museum is one of the busiest in the world. It holds objects such as the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon Marbles — known as the Elgin Marbles — and ancient stones and jewelry(珠宝). The leader, or chair of the museum, is George Osborne. He recently told the Culture, Media and Sport Committee of Parliament that he believed a person who worked at the museum was responsible. Osborne called it “an inside job by someone who the museum had put trust in.” He said the person took objects from the museum little by little. The museum’s manager at the time was German art historian Hartwig Fischer. Fischer left the job in August after serving since 2016. He said he must be responsible for the thefts(盗窃) in the end. He added the museum did not react as it should have when concerns first came up that someone had been stealing. The museum head said about 350 of the 2, 000 objects have been found and are in the process of being returned. Stolen objects included gold rings, earrings and other jewelry from the ancient Greek and Roman times. The manager of the museum at present is Mark Jones. He said the museum is confident “that a theft of this kind can never happen again.” Jones added that one way to improve the museum’s safety is to show more objects to the public instead of, as he said, “simply locking objects away.” In September, the museum asked for help in finding the missing objects. The organization offered a phone number for people to call if they had information. 1. Who stole the objects according to George Osborne? A. A visitor B. An artist. C. An art dealer. D. A museum worker. 2. Why did Hartwig Fischer feel sorry about the missing objects? A. He shouldn’t have trusted any worker. B. He didn’t deal with the stealing in time. C. He did not notice objects were missing. D. He shouldn’t have shown valuable objects. 3. What does Mark Jones want to do to protect their objects? A. Lock their objects away. B. Call on the public to help. C. Make more objects known. D. Keep visitors away from objects. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了英国博物馆的一些藏品被盗，博物馆负责人的反应以及他们的应对措施。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“He recently told the Culture, Media and Sport Committee of Parliament that he believed a person who worked at the museum was responsible. Osborne called it “an inside job by someone who the museum had put trust in.” He said the person took objects from the museum little by little.”(他最近告诉议会文化、媒体和体育委员会，他认为博物馆的一名工作人员应对此事负责。奥斯本称这是“博物馆信任的某个人的内部工作”。他说，这个人一点一点地从博物馆里拿走了东西。)可知，乔治•奥斯本说是博物馆的一个工作人员偷了这些东西。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“He said he must be responsible for the thefts(盗窃) in the end. He added the museum did not react as it should have when concerns first came up that someone had been stealing.”(他说他最终必须对这些盗窃案负责。他补充说，当人们第一次担心有人在偷窃时，博物馆没有做出应有的反应。)可知，哈特威格•费舍尔对丢失的物品感到抱歉是因为他没有及时处理盗窃现象。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Jones added that one way to improve the museum’s safety is to show more objects to the public instead of, as he said, “simply locking objects away.”(琼斯补充说，提高博物馆安全性的一种方法是向公众展示更多的物品，像他所说的，而不是“简单地把物品锁起来”。)可知，马克•琼斯想通过展示更多的物品来保护它们。故选C。 B Gharials are living along the river banks of India and eat fish. There was a time when they were plentiful but that was many years ago. The population changed from about 10,000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006, which led to gharials being put in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list. Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins, for use in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places. Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1978. The next year, some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers, including the Gandaki, were added. The Gandaki River is a good place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands. Since 2016, nests have been found every year with help from local farmers and fishermen who then help to protect gharials. “Members of the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials,” said Samir Kumar Sinha, head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI). A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now, the gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In fact, they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but now there is hope that the animals will begin to make a comeback. 4. What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph? A. Their number dropped a lot. B. They lived a much shorter life. C. They changed their food choice. D. Their living environment was polluted. 5. What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest? A. Gharials lead a life of adventure. B. Local people work together to protect gharials. C. People have to take care of gharials because of orders. D. Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors. 6. How is the result of the conservation efforts? A. It is uncertain. B. It is worrying. C. It is successful. D. It is unsatisfactory. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了恒河鳄生活在印度的河岸上，以鱼为食，但是曾经一度成为濒危物种，文章解释了背后的原因以及人们为保护恒河鳄所采取的一些措施。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The population changed from about 10,000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006”（数量从1946年的1万只左右减少到2006年的不足250只）可知，恒河鳄的数量下降了很多。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1978.”（保护工作开始于20世纪70年代，当时印度政府在1978年启动了一个项目，建立了国家昌巴尔保护区。）以及第四段中的“local farmers and fishermen who then help to protect gharials.”（当地农民和渔民帮助保护恒河鳄。）可知，当地人一起努力保护恒河鳄。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but now there is hope that the animals will begin to make a comeback.”（事实上，它们是50年来第一次在印度的戈西河被发现。它们仍然是濒危动物，但现在有希望开始恢复）可知，保护工作很成功。故选C。 C Have you ever bought a new car and started noticing the exact color and model of car everywhere? Has that type of car just become popular in your city? Were they there before? Or are you just going crazy? You’re not going crazy. The reason you are now just noticing them is what psychologists call “priming”. Basically, the cars were always there. You just didn’t recognize them consciously. However, when that certain model of car becomes part of your conscious thinking, you start “automatically” recognizing all of the other cars that are the same, because you are already “primed” to do so. The priming effect takes many forms. In one study, students were asked to walk around a room for 5 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute, which was about one-third their normal pace. After this brief experience, the participants were much quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as forgetful, old, and lonely. Reciprocal priming effects tend to produce a coherent reaction: if you are primed to think of old age, you would tend to act old, and acting old would reinforce the thought of old age. This research shows that the way we think influences the way we act, and the way we act influences the way we think. A similar conclusion was reached by the American psychologist William James a century ago, but he emphasized the effect on feeling. “Actions seem to follow feeling, but really actions and feeling go together; and by regulating the action, which is under the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the feeling, which is not. Thus the path to cheerfulness, should our cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there.” So, that’s it. If you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can adopt certain priming effects to help make ourselves consistently happier. One thing we have in common is our ability to think, and thus feel. Pleasant thoughts have been proven to produce the chemicals that make us feel happy, particularly thoughts and feelings of gratitude. When we purposefully go through and think about the things we’re grateful for and deliberately feel as much gratitude as we can, we are flooding our mind with the “happy chemicals”. Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, we will be “primed” to recognize the things in our life to appreciate. Each time this happens, the “happy chemicals” will be produced. Do this every day and we will become consistently happier. This makes up for the momentary happiness we gain from eating chocolate or buying new clothes. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy acts like smiling and laughing will have a supplementary positive effect on our state of mind. 7. Which of the following is an example of the priming effect? A. Walking much faster after attending a lecture about old age. B. Donating money to the poor after seeing pictures of cute cats. C. Learning about various types of cars after purchasing the first car. D. Completing SO_P as SOUP rather than SOAP after seeing the word EAT. 8. What does the underlined word “reciprocal” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A Related. B. Two-way. C. Well-rounded. D. Opposite. 9. What will the author probably agree with? A. Eating or shopping leads to consistent feelings of happiness. B. Our will has greater control over emotions than over actions. C. Happy chemicals make us think about the things we’re grateful for. D. Practicing gratitude frequently prepares us for long-term happiness. 10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Prime Yourself to Be Happier B. Share Happiness to Enhance Wellbeing C. Why Gratitude Is Important in Psychology D. How Happy Chemicals Affect People’s Thoughts 【答案】7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。通过注意到在马路上有很多与自己新买的车同款的汽车，引出心理学中的“启动效应”，启动效应有多种形式，研究表明：因为启动效应，人们的思维方式与行为方式之间会相互作用，基于科学发现，我们可以采用某些启动效应来帮助我们始终保持快乐。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In one study, students were asked to walk around a room for 5 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute, which was about one-third their normal pace. After this brief experience, the participants were much quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as forgetful, old, and lonely.(在一项研究中，学生们被要求以每分钟30步的速度在一个房间里走5分钟，这大约是他们正常速度的三分之一。在这个短暂的经历之后，参与者更快地识别出与老年有关的单词，如健忘、年老和孤独)”可知，在感知慢速行走的过程后，参与者会更快识别与老年有管的词汇，D项“Completing SO_P as SOUP rather than SOAP after seeing the word EAT. (在看到单词EAT后将SO_P补全为SOUP而不是SOAP)”，参与者在已看见EAT这个单词后，内心会留意相关信息，与EAT有关联的词汇为SOUP，意为“汤，羹”，而SOAP为“肥皂”。由此推知，D项的例子属于“启动效应”，故选D项。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Reciprocal priming effects tend to produce a coherent reaction: if you are primed to think of old age, you would tend to act old, and acting old would reinforce the thought of old age. This research shows that the way we think influences the way we act, and the way we act influences the way we think.(Reciprocal启动效应往往会产生连贯的反应：如果你被启动想到老年，你就会倾向于表现得很老，而表现得很老会强化老年的想法。这项研究表明，我们的思维方式影响我们的行为方式，而我们的行为方式又影响我们的思维方式)”可知，这里陈述的是启动效应的一个形式，思维影响行为，行为又反过来影响思维，说明Reciprocal意为“交互的，互相的”，与Two-way意思相同，故选B项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, we will be ‘primed’ to recognize the things in our life to appreciate. Each time this happens, the ‘happy chemicals’ will be produced. Do this every day and we will become consistently happier. This makes up for the momentary happiness we gain from eating chocolate or buying new clothes. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy act s like smiling and laughing will have a supplementary positive effect on our state of mind.(此外，通过有意识地思考、感受和表达感激之情，我们不仅会在当下更快乐，还会‘准备好’认识到生活中值得欣赏的事物。每次这种情况发生时，‘快乐的化学物质’就会产生。每天都这样做，我们会变得越来越快乐。这弥补了我们从吃巧克力或买新衣服中获得的短暂快乐。不仅如此，将感恩的思想与快乐的行为结合起来，比如微笑和大笑，会对我们的精神状态产生补充的积极影响)”可推知，作者认为：经常表示感恩，不仅使我们当下很快乐，也为启动我们长期的幸福做好了准备工作。故选D项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其倒数第二段“So, that’s it. If you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can adopt certain priming effects to help make ourselves consistently happier. (就是这样。如果你想快乐，那就坐起来，装出快乐的样子。基于这些科学发现，我们可以采用某些启动效应来帮助我们始终保持快乐)”可知，通过注意到在马路上有很多与自己新买的车同款的汽车，文章引出话题：心理学中的“启动效应”，文章还提到了一些研究结果，表明我们的思维方式与我们的行为方式之间会相互作用，通过有意识地思考和感受感激之情，我们不仅当前快乐，也启动了长期的幸福。由此可知，“Prime Yourself to Be Happier (启动自己让自己变得更快乐)”适合作文章的标题。故选A项。 第二节 语句排序(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 11. 将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。 A. For example, governments can use tax systems and place restrictions on the marketing of foods that are high in fat, salt or sugar. They can also provide healthy food in schools. B. It is expected to rise by 100% among boys under 18, but go up even more sharply by 125% among girls the same age. C. About 2.6 billion people around the world are already overweight. But on current trends, that is expected to rise to more than 4 billion people within 12 years, according to a research by the World Obesity Federation. D. Therefore, governments and policymakers around the world need to do all they can to avoid passing health, social and economic costs on to the younger generation. E. The research also shows that obesity(肥胖)among children and young people is increasing faster than among adults. By 2035, the number of obese youth is expected to be at least double the rate seen in 2020. 【答案】CEBDA 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了年轻人的肥胖情况愈发严重，世界各国政府应该采取有效措施应对。 【详解】面对排序题时，首先应略读各选项，掌握句子大意，概括短文的主要内容，最后利用上下文的逻辑关系进行排序。各选项的句意如下： A.例如，政府可以利用税收制度，限制高脂肪、高盐或高糖食品的销售。他们还可以在学校提供健康食品。 B.在18岁以下的男孩中，这一数字预计将增长100%，而在同年龄的女孩中，这一数字将急剧上升125%。 C.全世界大约有26亿人已经超重。但根据世界肥胖联合会的一项研究，按照目前的趋势，这一数字预计将在12年内上升至40亿以上。 D.因此，世界各国政府和决策者需要尽其所能，避免将健康、社会和经济成本转嫁给年轻一代。 E.该研究还表明，儿童和年轻人的肥胖增长速度快于成年人。到2035年，肥胖青年的数量预计将至少是2020年的两倍。 根据选项句意可知，选项都在介绍全世界尤其是年轻人的肥胖情况，C项中提及全世界超重人口的数量和一项研究，应作为第一句引出话题；根据“The research also shows that”可知E项紧随其后；根据E项中的“among children and young people”可知，接着引出“年轻男孩和女孩肥胖人口的增长速度”，因此第三句是B项；D项和A项都在介绍各国政府要采取相应的措施，应该先介绍“采取措施”的观点，即D项，最后举例可以采取何种措施，即A项。故答案为：CEBDA。 第三节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It was the 2015 “super storm” in New South Wales that restored my faith in people. During a break in the weather, I stupidly decided to drive into town to buy some groceries. However, as I left the supermarket and drove back, the weather took a turn for the worse. ___12___ Having nowhere to go, I spotted a young man in his front yard assessing the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and park in his driveway.___13___. The man, who introduced himself as Trent, then invited me to wait inside his house with his wife, Kayti and their two daughters. I told him I was concerned about the damage to my car, as the continuing rain was starting to turn into hail (冰雹).Trent then grabbed a blanket from his garage and covered my car. ___14___ Fortunately, his efforts saved my car from being damaged by the hail. By 11:00 a.m., the electricity and phone services had both gone. ___15___ Trent made me a cup of tea and Kayti gave me a towel to dry myself off. The three of us chatted while waiting for the weather to get better. I learned that Trent had lost his job and was struggling to feed the family. When the hail stopped, I shook Trent’s hand and kissed Kayti goodbye. ___16___ I was very moved by their kindness and it renewed my faith in people. As I went out the door, I asked Trent for two of his business cards. My father has since called to offer him a job as a clerk at his company. A. It began pouring so heavily that I was forced to stop. B. The couple were so modest as I thanked them for their help. C. I was surprised that he didn’t ask for anything in return for his assistance. D. I was grateful to escape the running water that was about to drown my car. E. I tried driving faster to escape the heavy downpour that was sure to come. F. As a result, I couldn’t contact my parents, despite knowing they’d be worried. G. He was wet but he didn’t seem to mind being out in the wild weather on my behalf. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. G 15. F 16. B 【解析】 【分析】本文属于记叙文，讲述作者在路上遭遇冰雹，被好心的房屋主人收留，没有要求任何回报。 【12题详解】 根据前一句 as I left the supermarket and drove back, the weather took a turn for the worse.可知天气变得糟糕，再根据后一句Having nowhere to go, I spotted a young man in his front yard assessing the situation.可知，没地方可去，看见一个在院子里查看天气，并且向作者招手，A选项，雨下得很大，被迫停车，与下一句承接，切题，故选A。 【13题详解】 根据前一句He quickly waved to me to come and park in his driveway.可知，房屋主人朝作者挥手，示意作者把车停在他的私家车道上，D选项，作者为避免车辆被淹没充满感激之情，承接上文，故选D。 【14题详解】 根据前一句Trent then grabbed a blanket from his garage and covered my car.以及后一句Fortunately, his efforts saved my car from being damaged by the hail.可知，Trent从车库拿了一张毯子把车盖住，因此让作者的车避免被冰雹损害，G选项，他全身湿透，但是为我这么做一点也不介意，切题，故选G。 【15题详解】 根据前一句By 11:00 a.m., the electricity and phone services had both gone.可知，由于冰雹，停电，电话也停了，F选项，作者无法联系上自己的家人，前后因果关系，切题，故选F。 【16题详解】 根据后一句I was very moved by their kindness and it renewed my faith in people.可知，作者被夫妇的善意感动，重拾对人的信任，可知，作者对夫妇表示谢意，但是夫妇依然很谦虚，切题，故选B。 第三部分：语言运用 第一节(共15小题， 每小题1分， 满分15分) 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After the five-day canoeing trip, I waved goodbye to my fellow “leaders in training” and entered the unknown. Armed with some necessary ___17___ things, I suddenly realized that for the next 48 hours, these would be my only companions. Staring into the forest of Northern Quebec in the evening, with the ___18___ setting on my back, I was frozen and ___19___. Hitting so many bugs in summer, I wondered, whose ___20___ was this? What benefit was there to spending two days ___21___ with nothing but trees and bugs? The next morning, a(n) ___22___ sleeping bag and heavy rain made me unhappier, yet it was under these conditions that I was able to clearly examine my life in a way I never had before. As my solo experience took its course, the saying ‘The quieter you become, the more you can ___23___ ’took on a whole new meaning. I had been in the wilderness before; most of my ___24___ had been spent outdoors climbing mountains in a group. But being here alone had a completely different effect. What ___25___ as a seemingly meaningless thing turned into a beneficial one that I knew I would use fully. When it started to rain, I got wet ___26___ I hadn’t set up my tarp(油布) correctly, which was my fault. There was no one else to ___27___. The realization that I was responsible for ___28___ all time and action and overcoming all conflict had an immediate effect. ___29___ I began to see myself as an individual good at overcoming challenges of any environment. As the hours went on, I became very hungry. Strangely, ___30___, things became clearer. The unpleasant conditions had in fact produced a growth process, one that made me ___31___ my role as a human being. Looking back, I value those moments of my lying in a wet sleeping bag in the middle of nowhere. 17. A. flying B. diving C. swimming D. exploring 18. A. sun B. water C. food D. danger 19. A. ready B. angry C. happy D. shy 20. A. duty B. idea C. dream D. excuse 21. A. alike B. together C. alone D. back 22. A. wet B. black C. old D. empty 23. A. discover B. choose C. hear D. expect 24. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter 25. A. meant B. happened C. disappeared D. started 26. A. although B. because C. unless D. until 27. A. trust B. accept C. blame D. care 28. A. controlling B. getting C. losing D. taking 29. A. But B. Or C. For D. So 30. A. too B. instead C. though D. again 31. A. imagine B. realize C. change D. remember 【答案】17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在为期五天的皮划艇之旅之后，向同伴告别，进入了未知的地方，克服了恶劣的环境挑战，意识到一开始似乎无意义的事情变成了有益的事情，加速了自己的成长过程。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着一些必要的探索东西，我突然意识到，在接下来的48小时里，他们将是我唯一的同伴。A. flying飞；B. diving跳水；C. swimming游泳；D. exploring探索。根据上文“entered the unknown”可知作者进入了未知，所以带的是探索用的东西。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：傍晚，太阳落在我的背上，凝视着魁北克北部的森林，我感到寒冷和愤怒。A. sun太阳；B. water水；C. food食物；D. danger危险。根据上文“Staring into the forest of Northern Quebec in the evening”可知，天色临近傍晚，所以是太阳落在作者背上。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：傍晚，太阳落在我的背上，凝视着魁北克北部的森林，我感到寒冷和愤怒。A. ready准备好的；B. angry愤怒的；C. happy快乐的；D. shy害羞的。根据后文“Hitting so many bugs in summer”可知，虫子很多，让作者生气。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想，这是谁的主意？A. duty义务；B. idea想法；C. dream梦想；D. excuse借口。根据上文“I wondered, whose”可知面对森林里的不如意，作者开始后悔自己独自出来的想法，所以这里指“这是谁的主意”。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：与树木和虫子独处两天有什么好处呢？A. alike相似地；B. together一起；C. alone独自地；D. back向后面。呼应上文“these would be my only companions”指作者独自一个人，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，一个潮湿睡袋和大雨让我很不开心，但正是在这种情况下，我才能够以一种我从未有过的方式清楚地审视我的生活。A. wet潮湿的；B. black黑色的；C. old老的；D. empty空的。根据后文“heavy rain made me unhappier,”可知下了雨，睡袋湿了。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我独自一人的经历逐渐深入，“你越安静，你能听到的声音就越多”这句话有了全新的含义。A. discover发现；B. choose选择；C. hear听见；D. expect期待。根据上文“The quieter you become, the more you can”指越安静，听到的声音越多。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾到过旷野；我夏天的大部分时间都在户外登山。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。呼应上文“Hitting so many bugs in summer”指夏天大部分时间在户外登山。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始看似毫无意义的事情变成了一件有益的事情，我知道我会充分利用它。A. meant意味着；B. happened发生；C. disappeared消失；D. started开始。根据后文“as a seemingly meaningless thing turned into a beneficial one that I knew I would use fully”可知一开始看似毫无意义的事情到后面变成了一件有益的事情，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：开始下雨的时候，我被淋湿了，因为我没有把防水布贴好，这是我的错。A. although虽然；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. until直到。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不能怪别人。A. trust信任；B. accept接受；C. blame责备；D. care关心。根据上文“I hadn’t set up my tarp correctly, which was my fault. There was no one else to”可知，作者认识是自己的错，不能怪别人。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我有责任控制所有的时间和行动，克服所有的冲突，这立即产生了效果。A. controlling控制；B. getting获得；C. losing失去；D. taking带走。根据上文“all time and action and overcoming all conflict”可知，作者意识到自己有责任控制所有的时间和行动，克服所有冲突。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：因此，我开始把自己看作是一个善于克服任何环境挑战的人。A. But但是；B. Or获得；C. For因为；D. So所以。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用连词so。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，事情变得清晰起来。A. too也；B. instead相反；C. though虽然，然而；D. again再。根据后文“The unpleasant conditions had in fact produced a growth process”可知，作者饿了，但是这些不愉快的环境实际上产生了一个成长的过程，前后文为转折关系，应用though。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些不愉快的环境实际上产生了一个成长的过程，一个让我意识到我作为一个人的角色的过程。A. imagine想象；B. realize意识到；C. change改变；D. remember记得。根据后文“my role as a human being”可知，不愉快的环境让作者意识到自己作为一个人的角色过程。故选B。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Why do people make their banks in the shape of a pig? Pigs have nothing to do with money. They don’t store food like squirrels. So how did we end up ____32____ (use) a pig as the style of a bank? During the fifteenth century, metal was very expensive. Dishes and pots were made from a type of orange clay called “pygg”, ____33____ was pronounced just like “pig”. At the time, there weren’t banks like we have today, so people would store their money at home. When ____34____ (housewife) had extra coins to save, they would place them in clay jars or pots. Since the type of clay was called “pygg”, people ____35____ (refer) to the jars as pygg banks. Over time this evolved into piggy banks. ____36____ a few hundred years, people forgot that the word “pygg” was associated with the clay the banks ____37____ (make) from. The English language was also changing and the word “pig” was more ____38____ (common) used than before. So when English potters began to get request for piggy banks, they assumed their customers were asking for banks ____39____ (shape) like pigs, not banks made from pygg. Today piggy banks are made from all kinds of materials, and they also come in a _____40_____ (vary) of shapes and animals. But _____41_____ term “piggy bank” is still used to refer to these adorable containers for loose change. 【答案】32. using 33. which 34. housewives 35. referred 36. After 37. were made 38. commonly 39. shaped 40. variety 41. the 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了为什么人们把存钱罐常做成猪的形状的原因。 【32题详解】 考查动名词。句意：因此我们为什么最后会将存钱罐做成猪的样子呢？意为“最终……”短语为end up doing sth.，故填using。 【33题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：盘子和罐子是由一种叫做“pygg”的橙色的黏土制作的，其发音与“pig”相似。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“pygg”，指物，从句中缺主语，需用关系代词which引导，故填which。 【34题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：当家庭主妇有多余的钱时，他们会把她们放在罐子里。根据后文的代词they，故此处的主语也应用复数，故填housewives。 【35题详解】 考查时态。句意：因为这种黏土叫做“pygg”，因此人们将这种罐子叫做“pygg存钱罐”。此处是描述的过去的事，故用一般过去时，故填referred。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：几百年后，人们就忘记了piggy这个词是与制作存钱罐的那种黏土相关。此处表示“几百年后”，表达为after a few years，首字母大写。故填After。 【37题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：几百年后，人们就忘记了pygg这个词是与制作存钱罐的那种黏土相关。此句为定语从句，先行词为the clay，定语从句中the banks为主语，为复数；make为谓语动词，与主语之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事，故用一般过去时，故填were made。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：英语语言在变化，“pig”这个词比以前使用得更加广泛。修饰动词be used应用副词commonly修饰，故填commonly。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，当陶艺人接到存钱罐的订单时，他们就认为顾客是需要样子像猪一样的存钱罐，而不是由pygg制作出来的存钱罐。此处做banks的后置定语，banks与shape之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填shaped。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：今天，储蓄罐是由各种各样的材料制成的，它们也有各种各样的形状和动物。表示“各种各样的”短语为a variety of，故填名词variety。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：但是“小猪存钱罐”这个词仍然用来指这些装零钱的可爱容器。此处term为特指应用定冠词。故填the。 第四部分：基础知识 第一节：词义匹配 (I) 根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. the act of discussing sth with sb or with a group of people before making a decision about it B. to make an action or a process possible or easier C. a way of entering or reaching a place D. the opposite fact, event or situation E. what you intend or plan to share F. in agreement with sth; not contradicting sth G the possibility of sth happening or being developed or used 42. The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. 43. The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents. 44. In the end the contrary was proved true: she was innocent and he was guilty. 45. The new airport in Gaoming will facilitate the development of tourism and economic growth. 46. These actions are consistent with his principles. 【答案】42. G 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. F 【解析】 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：欧洲市场为增加销售提供了极好的潜力。划线词potential与G选项“某事物发生、发展或使用的可能性”意思一致，故选G。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一决定是在与当地居民密切磋商后做出的。划线词consultation与A选项“在做决定之前与某人或一群人讨论某事的行为”意思一致，故选A。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：结果恰恰相反：她是无辜的，他是有罪的。划线词contrary与D选项“相反的事实、事件或情况”意思一致，故选D。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：高明新机场将促进旅游业的发展和经济的增长。划线词facilitate与B选项“使行动或过程成为可能或更容易”意思一致，故选B。 46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些行动与他的原则是一致的。划线词consistent与F选项“一致；与……不矛盾”意思一致，故选F。 (II) 根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action B. trying very hard to be better than others C. following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time D. a belief that sth will happen because it is likely E. made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand F. the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. G. expecting bad things to happen or sth not to be successful 47. Such attitudes are valueless unless they reflect inner cognition. 48. Under normal circumstances, I would say ‘yes’. 49. It’s taken a long time to break out of my own conventional training. 50. It’s all very complicated─but I’ll try and explain. 51. Not everyone is so pessimistic about the future. 【答案】47. F 48. A 49 C 50. E 51. G 【解析】 【47题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种态度没有价值，除非它们反映了内在的认知。cognition为“认知”的意思。与F选项“认识、学习和理解事物的心理过程”匹配。故选F项。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：在正常情况下，我会说“是的”。circumstances为“情况”的意思与A选项“条件:与一种情况、事件或行动有关并影响其的条件和事实”匹配。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我花了很长时间才打破自己的传统训练。conventional 为“传统的”与C选项“遵循传统或长期以来的做法”匹配。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这一切都很复杂──但我会尽力解释的。complicated为“复杂的”与E选项“由许多不同的东西或部分连接而成的;难以理解”匹配。故选E项。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：并非所有人都对未来如此悲观。 pessimistic 为“悲观的”与G选项“期待坏事发生或某事不成功”匹配。。故选G项。 第二节：根据前后文及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。(1*10=10) 52. The British teacher is very h_________ and always tells us jokes. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】humorous##umorous 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位英国老师很幽默，总是给我们讲笑话。根据句意“幽默的”和首字母提示可知，此处为形容词humorous，作表语。故填humorous。 53. These two programs aim to p_________ people’s awareness of environmental protection in this neighborhood. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】promote##romote 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这两个项目旨在提升这个社区人们的环保意识。根据句意“提升”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词promote，aim to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”。故填promote。 54. The speaker had a strong Scottish a_________, which made it pretty hard for non-native speakers to understand. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】accent##ccent 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：说话者带有浓重的苏格兰口音，这使得非母语人士很难理解。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用名词accent，意为“口音，腔调”，空前有不定冠词，故填名词的单数形式，作谓语动词had的宾语。故填accent。 55. People say: “Guilin’s scenery is the best in the world.” It was not until I visited the place that I found it really w_________ of the reputation. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】worthy##orthy 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们说：“桂林的风景是世界上最好的。”直到我参观了那个地方，我才发现它确实名不虚传。根据句意和首字母可知，空处填形容词worthy“值得的”作宾语补足语。故填worthy。 56. Walking is extremely b________ to your body shape. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】beneficial##eneficial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：散步对你的体型非常有益。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作表语；benefit的形容词为beneficial (有益的)，be beneficial to…“对……有益”，固定搭配。故填beneficial。 57. I didn’t really want to go but he ___________ (坚持) that I come. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】insisted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：我本来不想去，但他坚持要我来。坚持为insist，根据上文“I didn’t”可知，本句在陈述过去事实，为一般过去时。故填insisted。 58. Their sons, Ben and Jonathan, were three and six________ (分别地). （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】respectively 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们的儿子本和乔纳森分别是3岁和6岁。根据汉语提示“分别地”可知应填副词respectively，作状语。故填respectively。 59. The handbook is _____(可获得的) on the web. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】available 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这本手册互联网上有。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词available，作表语。故填available。 60. This information is only raw data and will need further __________ (分析). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】analysis 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些信息只是原始数据，需要进一步分析。空处作need的宾语应用名词analysis，和further搭配，构成固定短语further analysis，意为“进一步的分析”。故填analysis。 61. It was an event that would __________ (使转化) my life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】transform 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这件事改变了我的生活。根据汉语提示“使转化”可知，此处为动词transform，位于情态动词would后面，使用动词原形。故填transform。 第三节：句子翻译。(每小题5分，共15分) 62. 教育帮助你学会如何以文明的方式与他人交往，不论其国籍、种族或阶级。 (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Education helps you learn how to interact with other people in a civil manner, regardless of nationality, race or class. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语“教育”为education；表示“帮助某人做某事”短语为help sb. do sth.；表示“学会”用learn；表示“如何以文明的方式与他人交往”用疑问词+不定式结构作宾语，翻译为how to interact with other people in a civil manner；表示“不论”短语为regardless of；表示“国籍、种族或阶级”为nationality, race or class。为一般现在时。故翻译为Education helps you learn how to interact with other people in a civil manner, regardless of nationality, race or class. 63. 有人可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人正是书籍作者。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptation. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和动词时态。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“有人”应用one；表示“可能”应用may；表示“认为”应用think，位于情态动词后面，使用动词原形，think后接that引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词没有含义；表示“最适合改编电影的人正是书籍作者”应用it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptation.；it is...who...引导强调句，对主语the book writer进行强调，position前面有形容词最高级修饰，动词不定式to do film adaptation作后置定语，修饰名词position。故翻译成：One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptation.。 64. 为了在竞争激烈的广告界脱颖而出，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来。（汉译英） 【答案】To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways. 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式和固定短语。“为了脱颖而出”用不定式表目的，是to stand out，“在竞争激烈的广告界”是in a world of competitive advertising，“他们必须”是they must，“将……结合起来”是combine...with...，“最高水准的设计”是the highest standard of design，“创造性的方法”是creative way，需用复数，因此整句话翻译为“To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways”。故答案为To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways. 第五部分：写作。 65. 你校国际部计划在周五下午放映电影“War and Peace”，请你通知国际班的学生们观看，内容包括： 1. 电影简介：1956年上映;同名小说改编;反映俄国社会现实; 2. 放映时间、地点; 3. 写观后感。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 NOTICE _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】NOTICE A classic film, War and Peace, will be shown in the school hall at 2:30 pm this Friday afternoon. Everyone is welcome to watch the film. The film, adapted from the famous novel of the same name and first released in the year 1956, is believed to be instructive and full of emotion. It tells of the then Russian society and social events. After the film, each student is supposed to write a film review with regard to the film to express your views, make your comments and show your love for world peace. Don’t forget to bring a pen and notebook. Do come. You are bound to benefit a lot from the film. The Students’ Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生所在学校国际部计划在周五下午放映电影“War and Peace”，请你通知国际班的学生们观看。 【详解】1.词汇积累 充满：be full of→be filled with 展示：show→exhibit 出名的：famous→noted 观点：view→opinion 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The film, adapted from the famous novel of the same name and first released in the year 1956, is believed to be instructive and full of emotion. 拓展句：The film, which is adapted from the famous novel of the same name and first released in the year 1956, is believed to be instructive and full of emotion. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The film, adapted from the famous novel of the same name and first released in the year 1956, is believed to be instructive and full of emotion.（运用了过去分词作定语） 【高分句型2】A classic film, War and Peace, will be shown in the school hall at 2:30 pm this Friday afternoon.（运用了一般将来时的被动语态） 听力答案：1-6：BCACBA 7. Some friendly student guides. 8. At a meeting.9. School’s research projects. 10. Careful planning and hard work. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023-2024学年下学期高明一中第一次大考 高二英语 2024年04月 本试卷共页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必要填写答题卡上的有关项目。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答案涂在答题卷相应的位置上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔盒涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.请考生保持答题卷的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节 听力理解 (共6小题;每小题2分，满分12分) 材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有两个小题, 各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题, 在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 听第一段材料，回答第1-3题。材料和问题读两遍。 1. A. Study plans. B. New teachers. C. Learning methods. 2. A. Give new teachers a surprise. B. Leave teachers a good impression. C. Keep an open mind to new teachers 3. A. Teachers’ different personalities. B. Teachers’ similar way of teaching. C. Teachers’ timely help and guidance. 听第二段材料，回答第4—6题。材料和问题读两遍。 4. A. Parents’ love. B. No living costs. C. Ready-made meals. 5. A. Express thanks to her parents. B. Have patience with her mom. C. Spend more time with her mom. 6. A. They may have accidents. B. They may feel lonely. C. They may not get along. 第二节回答问题(共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分) 听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍，读完每个问题后你将有10秒钟的作答时间。 7. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 10._________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分.阅读理解(共40分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The British Museum, in London, recently planned to make digital(数字的) copies of all the objects it keeps. The project to deal with about 8 million objects will take five years. The reason for this is that the museum said in August that about 2, 000 objects had been stolen or missing. The museum is one of the busiest in the world. It holds objects such as the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon Marbles — known as the Elgin Marbles — and ancient stones and jewelry(珠宝). The leader, or chair of the museum, is George Osborne. He recently told the Culture, Media and Sport Committee of Parliament that he believed a person who worked at the museum was responsible. Osborne called it “an inside job by someone who the museum had put trust in.” He said the person took objects from the museum little by little. The museum’s manager at the time was German art historian Hartwig Fischer. Fischer left the job in August after serving since 2016. He said he must be responsible for the thefts(盗窃) in the end. He added the museum did not react as it should have when concerns first came up that someone had been stealing. The museum head said about 350 of the 2, 000 objects have been found and are in the process of being returned. Stolen objects included gold rings, earrings and other jewelry from the ancient Greek and Roman times. The manager of the museum at present is Mark Jones. He said the museum is confident “that a theft of this kind can never happen again.” Jones added that one way to improve the museum’s safety is to show more objects to the public instead of, as he said, “simply locking objects away.” In September, the museum asked for help in finding the missing objects. The organization offered a phone number for people to call if they had information. 1. Who stole the objects according to George Osborne? A. A visitor B. An artist. C. An art dealer. D. A museum worker. 2 Why did Hartwig Fischer feel sorry about the missing objects? A. He shouldn’t have trusted any worker. B. He didn’t deal with the stealing in time. C. He did not notice objects were missing. D. He shouldn’t have shown valuable objects. 3. What does Mark Jones want to do to protect their objects? A. Lock their objects away. B. Call on the public to help. C. Make more objects known. D. Keep visitors away from objects. B Gharials are living along the river banks of India and eat fish. There was a time when they were plentiful but that was many years ago. The population changed from about 10,000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006, which led to gharials being put in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list. Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins, for use in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places. Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1978. The next year, some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers, including the Gandaki, were added. The Gandaki River is a good place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands. Since 2016, nests have been found every year with help from local farmers and fishermen who then help to protect gharials. “Members of the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials,” said Samir Kumar Sinha, head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI). A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now, the gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In fact, they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but now there is hope that the animals will begin to make a comeback. 4. What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph? A. Their number dropped a lot. B. They lived a much shorter life. C. They changed their food choice. D. Their living environment was polluted. 5. What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest? A. Gharials lead a life of adventure. B. Local people work together to protect gharials. C. People have to take care of gharials because of orders. D. Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors. 6. How is the result of the conservation efforts? A. It is uncertain. B. It is worrying. C. It is successful. D. It is unsatisfactory. C Have you ever bought a new car and started noticing the exact color and model of car everywhere? Has that type of car just become popular in your city? Were they there before? Or are you just going crazy? You’re not going crazy. The reason you are now just noticing them is what psychologists call “priming”. Basically, the cars were always there. You just didn’t recognize them consciously. However, when that certain model of car becomes part of your conscious thinking, you start “automatically” recognizing all of the other cars that are the same, because you are already “primed” to do so. The priming effect takes many forms. In one study, students were asked to walk around a room for 5 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute, which was about one-third their normal pace. After this brief experience, the participants were much quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as forgetful, old, and lonely. Reciprocal priming effects tend to produce a coherent reaction: if you are primed to think of old age, you would tend to act old, and acting old would reinforce the thought of old age. This research shows that the way we think influences the way we act, and the way we act influences the way we think. A similar conclusion was reached by the American psychologist William James a century ago, but he emphasized the effect on feeling. “Actions seem to follow feeling, but really actions and feeling go together; and by regulating the action, which is under the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the feeling, which is not. Thus the path to cheerfulness, should our cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there.” So, that’s it. If you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can adopt certain priming effects to help make ourselves consistently happier. One thing we have in common is our ability to think, and thus feel. Pleasant thoughts have been proven to produce the chemicals that make us feel happy, particularly thoughts and feelings of gratitude. When we purposefully go through and think about the things we’re grateful for and deliberately feel as much gratitude as we can, we are flooding our mind with the “happy chemicals”. Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, we will be “primed” to recognize the things in our life to appreciate. Each time this happens, the “happy chemicals” will be produced. Do this every day and we will become consistently happier. This makes up for the momentary happiness we gain from eating chocolate or buying new clothes. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy acts like smiling and laughing will have a supplementary positive effect on our state of mind. 7. Which of the following is an example of the priming effect? A. Walking much faster after attending a lecture about old age. B. Donating money to the poor after seeing pictures of cute cats. C. Learning about various types of cars after purchasing the first car. D. Completing SO_P as SOUP rather than SOAP after seeing the word EAT. 8. What does the underlined word “reciprocal” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Related. B. Two-way. C. Well-rounded. D. Opposite. 9. What will the author probably agree with? A. Eating or shopping leads to consistent feelings of happiness. B. Our will has greater control over emotions than over actions. C. Happy chemicals make us think about the things we’re grateful for. D. Practicing gratitude frequently prepares us for long-term happiness. 10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Prime Yourself to Be Happier B. Share Happiness to Enhance Wellbeing C. Why Gratitude Is Important in Psychology D. How Happy Chemicals Affect People’s Thoughts 第二节 语句排序(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 11. 将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。 A. For example, governments can use tax systems and place restrictions on the marketing of foods that are high in fat, salt or sugar. They can also provide healthy food in schools. B. It is expected to rise by 100% among boys under 18, but go up even more sharply by 125% among girls the same age. C. About 2.6 billion people around the world are already overweight. But on current trends, that is expected to rise to more than 4 billion people within 12 years, according to a research by the World Obesity Federation. D. Therefore, governments and policymakers around the world need to do all they can to avoid passing health, social and economic costs on to the younger generation. E. The research also shows that obesity(肥胖)among children and young people is increasing faster than among adults. By 2035, the number of obese youth is expected to be at least double the rate seen in 2020. 第三节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It was the 2015 “super storm” in New South Wales that restored my faith in people. During a break in the weather, I stupidly decided to drive into town to buy some groceries. However, as I left the supermarket and drove back, the weather took a turn for the worse. ___12___ Having nowhere to go, I spotted a young man in his front yard assessing the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and park in his driveway.___13___. The man, who introduced himself as Trent, then invited me to wait inside his house with his wife, Kayti and their two daughters. I told him I was concerned about the damage to my car, as the continuing rain was starting to turn into hail (冰雹).Trent then grabbed a blanket from his garage and covered my car. ___14___ Fortunately, his efforts saved my car from being damaged by the hail. By 11:00 a.m., the electricity and phone services had both gone. ___15___ Trent made me a cup of tea and Kayti gave me a towel to dry myself off. The three of us chatted while waiting for the weather to get better. I learned that Trent had lost his job and was struggling to feed the family. When the hail stopped, I shook Trent’s hand and kissed Kayti goodbye. ___16___ I was very moved by their kindness and it renewed my faith in people. As I went out the door, I asked Trent for two of his business cards. My father has since called to offer him a job as a clerk at his company. A. It began pouring so heavily that I was forced to stop. B. The couple were so modest as I thanked them for their help. C. I was surprised that he didn’t ask for anything in return for his assistance. D. I was grateful to escape the running water that was about to drown my car. E. I tried driving faster to escape the heavy downpour that was sure to come. F. As a result, I couldn’t contact my parents, despite knowing they’d be worried. G. He was wet but he didn’t seem to mind being out in the wild weather on my behalf. 第三部分：语言运用 第一节(共15小题， 每小题1分， 满分15分) 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After the five-day canoeing trip, I waved goodbye to my fellow “leaders in training” and entered the unknown. Armed with some necessary ___17___ things, I suddenly realized that for the next 48 hours, these would be my only companions. Staring into the forest of Northern Quebec in the evening, with the ___18___ setting on my back, I was frozen and ___19___. Hitting so many bugs in summer, I wondered, whose ___20___ was this? What benefit was there to spending two days ___21___ with nothing but trees and bugs? The next morning, a(n) ___22___ sleeping bag and heavy rain made me unhappier, yet it was under these conditions that I was able to clearly examine my life in a way I never had before. As my solo experience took its course, the saying ‘The quieter you become, the more you can ___23___ ’took on a whole new meaning. I had been in the wilderness before; most of my ___24___ had been spent outdoors climbing mountains in a group. But being here alone had a completely different effect. What ___25___ as a seemingly meaningless thing turned into a beneficial one that I knew I would use fully. When it started to rain, I got wet ___26___ I hadn’t set up my tarp(油布) correctly, which was my fault. There was no one else to ___27___. The realization that I was responsible for ___28___ all time and action and overcoming all conflict had an immediate effect. ___29___ I began to see myself as an individual good at overcoming challenges of any environment. As the hours went on, I became very hungry. Strangely, ___30___, things became clearer. The unpleasant conditions had in fact produced a growth process, one that made me ___31___ my role as a human being. Looking back, I value those moments of my lying in a wet sleeping bag in the middle of nowhere. 17. A. flying B. diving C. swimming D. exploring 18. A. sun B. water C. food D. danger 19. A. ready B. angry C. happy D. shy 20. A. duty B. idea C. dream D. excuse 21. A. alike B. together C. alone D. back 22. A. wet B. black C. old D. empty 23. A. discover B. choose C. hear D. expect 24 A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter 25. A. meant B. happened C. disappeared D. started 26. A. although B. because C. unless D. until 27 A. trust B. accept C. blame D. care 28. A. controlling B. getting C. losing D. taking 29. A. But B. Or C. For D. So 30. A. too B. instead C. though D. again 31. A. imagine B. realize C. change D. remember 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Why do people make their banks in the shape of a pig? Pigs have nothing to do with money. They don’t store food like squirrels. So how did we end up ____32____ (use) a pig as the style of a bank? During the fifteenth century, metal was very expensive. Dishes and pots were made from a type of orange clay called “pygg”, ____33____ was pronounced just like “pig”. At the time, there weren’t banks like we have today, so people would store their money at home. When ____34____ (housewife) had extra coins to save, they would place them in clay jars or pots. Since the type of clay was called “pygg”, people ____35____ (refer) to the jars as pygg banks. Over time this evolved into piggy banks. ____36____ a few hundred years, people forgot that the word “pygg” was associated with the clay the banks ____37____ (make) from. The English language was also changing and the word “pig” was more ____38____ (common) used than before. So when English potters began to get request for piggy banks, they assumed their customers were asking for banks ____39____ (shape) like pigs, not banks made from pygg. Today piggy banks are made from all kinds of materials, and they also come in a _____40_____ (vary) of shapes and animals. But _____41_____ term “piggy bank” is still used to refer to these adorable containers for loose change. 第四部分：基础知识 第一节：词义匹配 (I) 根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. the act of discussing sth with sb or with a group of people before making a decision about it B. to make an action or a process possible or easier C. a way of entering or reaching a place D. the opposite fact, event or situation E. what you intend or plan to share F. in agreement with sth; not contradicting sth G. the possibility of sth happening or being developed or used 42. The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. 43. The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents. 44. In the end the contrary was proved true: she was innocent and he was guilty. 45. The new airport in Gaoming will facilitate the development of tourism and economic growth. 46. These actions are consistent with his principles. (II) 根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action B. trying very hard to be better than others C. following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time D. a belief that sth will happen because it is likely E. made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand F. the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. G expecting bad things to happen or sth not to be successful 47. Such attitudes are valueless unless they reflect inner cognition. 48. Under normal circumstances, I would say ‘yes’. 49. It’s taken a long time to break out of my own conventional training. 50. It’s all very complicated─but I’ll try and explain. 51. Not everyone is so pessimistic about the future. 第二节：根据前后文及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。(1*10=10) 52. The British teacher is very h_________ and always tells us jokes. (根据首字母单词拼写) 53. These two programs aim to p_________ people’s awareness of environmental protection in this neighborhood. (根据首字母单词拼写) 54. The speaker had a strong Scottish a_________, which made it pretty hard for non-native speakers to understand. (根据首字母单词拼写) 55. People say: “Guilin’s scenery is the best in the world.” It was not until I visited the place that I found it really w_________ of the reputation. (根据首字母单词拼写) 56. Walking is extremely b________ to your body shape. (根据首字母单词拼写) 57. I didn’t really want to go but he ___________ (坚持) that I come. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 58. Their sons, Ben and Jonathan, were three and six________ (分别地). （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 59. The handbook is _____(可获得的) on the web. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 60. This information is only raw data and will need further __________ (分析). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 61. It was an event that would __________ (使转化) my life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第三节：句子翻译。(每小题5分，共15分) 62. 教育帮助你学会如何以文明的方式与他人交往，不论其国籍、种族或阶级。 (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 有人可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人正是书籍作者。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 64. 为了在竞争激烈广告界脱颖而出，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来。（汉译英） 第五部分：写作。 65. 你校国际部计划在周五下午放映电影“War and Peace”，请你通知国际班的学生们观看，内容包括： 1. 电影简介：1956年上映;同名小说改编;反映俄国社会现实; 2. 放映时间、地点; 3. 写观后感。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 NOTICE _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 听力答案：1-6：BCACBA 7. Some friendly student guides. 8. At a meeting.9. School’s research projects. 10. Careful planning and hard work. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $