精品解析：湖南省长沙市浏阳市重点校联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中测试英语试卷

高三英语试题卷 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。 2.考生必须把所有的答案填写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的答案无效。 3.选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案选项框涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案选项框，不要填涂和勾划无关选项。其他试题用黑色碳素笔作答，答案不要超出给定的答题框。 第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)略 第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A study published in the journal Nature lists some hybrid (杂种的) species that could become prevalent (盛行的) in the ocean due to climate change. Here are four of those hybrid species. “Brolar” bears — Brown bears and polar bears Evidence of a hybrid species born from brown bears and polar bears has been found in the United States and Canada in the past. Known as “Polar bears” or “Pizzlies”, they have a mostly white coat, with a brownish hue and a nose that is a cross between a polar bear and a brown or grizzly bear. They are known to be more suited to warmer temperatures than their Arctic relative, as they do not rely so heavily on sea ice for hunting. “Narlugas” — Narwhals (独角鲸) and beluga whales (白鲸) In 1990 a hunter in West Greenland discovered an interesting skull, which appeared to be that of a beluga whale-narwhal hybrid. It wasn’t until 2019 that DNA analysis confirmed that the creature was indeed 54% beluga from its father, and 46% narwhal from its mother. Experts believe that the hybrid may have been grey in color and possessed a tail like a narwhal but forward flippers like those of a beluga whale. Hybrids of harp seals and hooded seals Numerous species of Arctic seal are expected to mate (交配) to form hybrid offspring due to diminishing sea ice. This includes a hybrid of the harp seal and hooded seal, which both breed on pack ice of the North Atlantic Ocean and extend into the Arctic Ocean in summer months. A hybrid animal, found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, was formally reported and confirmed by molecular analysis in 1997. “Harbor-Dall” porpoise (鼠海豚) — Harbor porpoises and Dall’s porpoises Hybrids of the harbor porpoises and the Dall’s porpoises have been found off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Harbor porpoises are thought to be in decline due to habitat disturbance, meaning they may turn to other species to mate with. Experts believe more harbor porpoises will move north as temperatures rise, which will further increase their chances of breeding with Dall’s porpoises. 1. What do the four listed animals have in common? A. They share the same color. B. They are born due to the polar cold. C. Their parents come from different species. D. Sea ice is extremely important for them to hunt. 2. Which animal can’t be found in Canada? A. “Brolar” bears. B. “Narlugas”. C. Hybrids of harp seals and hooded seals. D. “Harbor-Dall” porpoise. 3. In which section of the Internet can we find this text? A. Economy. B. Education. C. Entertainment. D. Environment. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要讲述了由于气候变化，一些杂种动物可能在海洋中变得盛行，文章列举了四种这样的杂种动物。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here are four of those hybrid species.”（这里有四种这样的杂种物种。）和每个动物的描述，我们可以知道这四种动物的共同点是它们的父母来自不同的物种。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In 1990, a hunter in West Greenland discovered an interesting skull, which appeared to be that of a beluga whale-narwhal hybrid. It wasn’t until 2019 that DNA analysis confirmed that the creature was indeed 54% beluga from its father, and 46% narwhal from its mother.”（ 1990年，一名猎人在西格陵兰岛发现了一个有趣的头骨，它似乎是白鲸和独角鲸的混血儿。直到2019年，DNA分析才证实，该生物确实有54%来自其父亲的白鲸，46%来自其母亲的独角鲸。）可知，“Narlugas”是在格陵兰西部被发现的，而其它的都在加拿大被发现。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“A study published in the journal Nature lists some hybrid (杂种) species that could become prevalent (盛行的) in the ocean due to climate change. Here are four of those hybrid species.”（ 发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究列出了一些由于气候变化可能在海洋中流行的杂交物种。这是其中四个杂交物种。）可知，这篇文章主要讲述的是环境问题，特别是气候变化对海洋生物的影响，因此这篇文章应该在环境板块中找到。故选D项。 B Out of all fields of science, physics has a reputation for being difficult to the general public. On top of complex formulas (公式), the abstract concepts that make it up are sometimes simply hard to grasp. That’s why professor Tatiana Erukhimova works alongside the team of the Physics & Astronomy department at Texas A & M University (TAMU) to produce a series of videos showing real-world applications of physics in a fun and insightful way that has earned her fans around the world. Not only are the explanations in every video easy to follow, but Erukhimova’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged. For example, in one video, the cheerful professor explains the physics of pressure. To demonstrate how distributing weight allows seemingly fragile objects to carry heavier loads, the teacher excitedly steps on a tiny board with lightbulbs and then proceeds to replicate (复制) the experiment with eggs — until it takes an unexpected turn. Erukhimova’s unique teaching method comes from her hope to get students interested through demonstrative classes. “You get this ‘wow factor’ and then it’s easier to find resonance (共鸣).” she said. “I like what I teach, and I try to share my excitement with them.” Born to physicist parents, Erukhimova has had a unique attachment to the field since she was very little. “My passion for physics is just in my genes, and I cannot imagine my life without physics,” she explained. After being offered a position at Texas A & M almost 25 years ago, Erukhimova moved from Russia to Texas. Since then, she has won over both university students and casual viewers with her particular way of explaining science. While she is aware that people may not learn a lot from watching a short video, getting them interested and curious about learning more is all worth it. 4. Why does physics seem difficult to the general public? A. It has many formulas. B. It’s boring and useless. C. Its concepts are abstract. D. Access to educational resources is limited. 5. What makes Erukhimova’s videos popular? A. Her family background. B. Her respect for her students. C. Her vivid language and personality. D. Her enthusiasm and teaching method. 6. What does Erukhimova hope to achieve through her demonstrative classes? A. Winning over casual viewers and fans. B. Getting students interested in physics. C. Sharing her excitement about physics. D. Improving students’ academic performance. 7. What can be learned about Erukhimova? A. She has many hobbies. B. She is a famous scientist. C. She is devoted to her job. D. She earns a very high salary. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了物理老师Erukhimova在网络上通过视频来传播物理知识，让学生们对物理感兴趣的事迹。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Out of all fields of science, physics has a reputation for being difficult to the general public. On top of complex formulas (公式), the abstract concepts that make it up are sometimes simply hard to grasp. (在所有的科学领域中，物理学是出了名的难以为大众所理解。除了复杂的公式之外，构成它的抽象概念有时简直难以掌握。)”可知，物理对于大众来说很难是由于它的概念是抽象的，难以掌握。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“That’s why professor Tatiana Erukhimova works alongside the team of the Physics & Astronomy department at Texas A & M University (TAMU) to produce a series of videos showing real-world applications of physics in a fun and insightful way that has earned her fans around the world. (这就是为什么Tatiana Erukhimova教授与德克萨斯农工大学(TAMU)物理与天文系的团队一起制作了一系列视频，以一种有趣而富有洞察力的方式展示了物理学在现实世界中的应用，为她赢得了世界各地的粉丝。)”及第二段“Not only are the explanations in every video easy to follow, but Erukhimova’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged. (不仅每个视频中的解释都很容易理解，而且Erukhimova的热情才是真正吸引观众的地方。)”可知，Erukhimova的视频受欢迎是由于她的热情和教学方法。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Erukhimova’s unique teaching method comes from her hope to get students interested through demonstrative classes. (Erukhimova独特的教学方法来自于她希望通过示范课让学生感兴趣。)”及最后一段“While she is aware that people may not learn a lot from watching a short video, getting them interested and curious about learning more is all worth it. (虽然她意识到人们可能不会从观看短视频中学到很多东西，但让他们对学习更多内容感兴趣和好奇是值得的。)”可知，Erukhimova希望通过她的课堂让学生对物理感兴趣。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Not only are the explanations in every video easy to follow, but Erukhimova’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged. (不仅每个视频中的解释都很容易理解，而且Erukhimova的热情才是真正吸引观众的地方。)”及倒数第二段“Since then, she has won over both university students and casual viewers with her particular way of explaining science. (从那以后，她以独特的方式解释科学，赢得了大学生和普通观众的喜爱。)”可推知，Erukhimova十分投入她的工作。故选C。 C In today’s digital era, social media users are increasingly coming across fake news online. This leads to the pressing issue: What causes people to fall for misinformation on the Internet? According to researchers at the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology, users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室) — a sort of virtual space where users consume only one-sided news, eventually distrusting any opposing views. “We all tend to agree with the group opinion. Hence, people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion,” said Dongwon Lee, one of the researchers. “But if you’re not cautious, there is a high risk of falling into an echo chamber.” To prevent this phenomenon, the researchers have crafted a novel tool, a game named ChamberBreaker, to help players resist echo chambers and reduce the rate of fake news spread. The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision-making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber. To begin, the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health, political or environmental issue, and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic. Then, the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. If successful, the community members will fall into an echo chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects on the community. After developing ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors. The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon. Ultimately, the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption. The application of tools like ChamberBreaker, which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning, may lead us towards a more informed online community. 8. What can be learned about an online echo chamber? A. It encourages well-judged views. B. It gathers like-minded individuals. C. It functions as a virtual reality platform. D. It serves as a tool for identifying fake information. 9. What is ChamberBreaker’s core method against echo chambers? A. Assignment of situations. B. Trust-building exercises. C. News selection strategy. D. Community impact assessment. 10. Which of the following can show ChamberBreaker’s effectiveness? A. The results of scientific testing. B. The theoretical framework of the game. C. The description of the game procedures. D. The common challenges faced during gameplay. 11. What is the likely long-term effect of playing ChamberBreaker? A. Reducing news inquiry. B. Encouraging passive reading. C. Strengthening prejudiced views. D. Enhancing critical thinking. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了在数字时代，社交媒体用户为什么容易陷入假新闻的陷阱，以及如何通过一款名为ChamberBreaker的游戏工具来识别和抵制网络上的回声室效应。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘We all tend to agree with the group opinion. Hence, people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion,’ said Dongwon Lee, one of the researchers. (‘我们都倾向于认同群体观点。因此，人们自然会与持相同观点的人聚在一起，’研究人员之一 Dongwon Lee说。)”可知，在线回声室会聚集持有相同观点的个体。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision-making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber. To begin, the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health, political or environmental issue, and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic. Then, the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. (ChamberBreaker采用的基本方法围绕着反映回声室创建的决策程序。在ChamberBreaker中，一名玩家的任务是试图让社区成员落入回音室。首先，玩家被随机分配一个关注健康、政治或环境问题的情况，并收到六条关于该主题的新闻。然后，玩家选择可能导致其他成员落入回音室的新闻，同时保持他们的信任。)”可知，ChamberBreaker对付回声室的核心方法是新闻选择策略。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“After developing ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors. The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon. (在开发出ChamberBreaker之后，研究人员对800多名受试者进行了测试，看看它是否提高了人们对回声室的认识，并改变了新闻消费行为。研究人员发现，玩ChamberBreaker的人更有可能从更多不同的角度观察网络信息，并且对回音室现象的意识也更强。)”可知，科学测试的结果可以显示ChamberBreaker的有效性。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption. The application of tools like ChamberBreaker, which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning, may lead us towards a more informed online community. (最终，研究人员希望他们的方法能够激发人们对与信息消费相关的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。像ChamberBreaker这样专注于培养分析推理能力的工具的应用，可能会引导我们走向一个信息更灵通的在线社区。)”可知，这意味着玩Chamber Breaker的长期效应可能是增强批判性思维。故选D项。 D Every robot is trained in some way to do a task. By seeing what to do, robots can copy the way of doing the task. But they do so unthinkingly, perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision (碰撞) risks, rather than having any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space. It means they will often make mistakes—hitting the object in their way, for instance. Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge. They placed a robot arm in a laboratory where it was surrounded by four cameras at ground level and one camera above it. These fed video images back to a deep neural(神经的) network, a form of AI, connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space. For 3 hours, the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm' s mechanical inputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space. This generated nearly 8,000 data points—and the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation (模拟) of the robot in a virtual version of its environment. To test how well the AI had worked, a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network “thought” the arm should be found as it moved. It was accurate to within 1 percent, meaning if the workspace was 1 metre wide, the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre. If the neural network is considered to be part of the robot itself, this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any given moment. “To me, this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model of itself,” says Lipson. “It’s a small step, but it’s a sign of things to come.” Learning about the research, Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says, “There is potential for further research to lead to useful applications based on this method, but not self- perception. The computer simply matches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.” David Cameron at the University of Sheffield, UK, also says that following a specified path to complete a goal is easily achieved by existing robots. 12. Hod Lipson’s work focuses on robots . A. flexibility B. self-awareness C. deep-learning ability D. error correction 13. What is the function of the neural network in the experiment? A. To process and transform neural information. B. To study and simulate AI’s virtual environment. C. To analyse and predict the arm’s position changes. D. To record and output the video images of the robot. 14. As for the result of the experiment, Andrew Hundt is . A. sympathetic B. content C. uncertain D. disapproving 15. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To discuss a scientific concept. B. To assess a scientific finding. C. To introduce a science application. D. To present a science research. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。研究人员称，能够感知自己身体的机器人有自我意识。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“But they do so unthinkingly, perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision (碰撞) risks, rather than having any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space. (但他们这样做是不假思索的，可能是依靠传感器来降低碰撞风险，而不是完全了解他们为什么要执行任务，也不知道他们在物理空间的哪个位置。)”可知，机器人做事情是不假思索的，而不是完全了解为什么要做任务，也不知道他们所处的位置，结合第二段首句“Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge.(Hod Lipson和他的同事们正努力面对这一挑战。)”以及倒数第二段““To me, this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model of itself,” says Lipson. “It’s a small step, but it’s a sign of things to come.”(利普森说:“对我来说，这是机器人历史上第一次有机器人能够创建自己的心理模式。”“这是一小步，但它预示着未来的发展。”)”可知，Hod Lipson和他的同事们工作集中在机器人是否有自我意识。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“These fed video images back to a deep neural network, a form of AI, connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space. For 3 hours, the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm' s mechanical inputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space. This generated nearly 8,000 data points—and the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation (模拟) of the robot in a virtual version of its environment. (这些将视频图像反馈给一个深度神经网络，这是一种人工智能，连接到机器人，监控机器人在空间内的运动。在3个小时的时间里，机器人手臂随机移动，神经网络被输入关于手臂的机械输入的信息，并通过观察它在空间中移动到哪里来观察它的反应。这产生了近8000个数据点，团队通过在虚拟环境中模拟机器人产生了额外的10000个数据点。)”以及第三段“To test how well the AI had worked, a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network “thought” the arm should be found as it moved. It was accurate to within 1 percent, meaning if the workspace was 1 metre wide, the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre. If the neural network is considered to be part of the robot itself, this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any given moment.(为了测试人工智能的工作情况，生成了一个类似云的图，以显示神经网络“认为”手臂在移动时应该在哪里。它的精度在1%以内，这意味着如果工作空间是1米宽，系统可以正确地估计其位置，误差在1厘米以内。如果神经网络被认为是机器人本身的一部分，这表明机器人有能力在任何给定的时刻可视化它的物理位置。)”可知，在实验中，神经网络的功能是分析和预测手臂位置的变化。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Learning about the research, Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says, “There is potential for further research to lead to useful applications based on this method, but not self- perception. The computer simply matches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.” (了解到这项研究后，乔治亚理工学院的安德鲁·亨特说:“基于这种方法的进一步研究有可能带来有用的应用，但不是自我感知。计算机只是简单地匹配形状和运动模式，恰好是一个移动的机械臂的形状。”)”可知，安德鲁·亨特认为这不是机器人的自我感知，计算机只是简单地匹配形状和运动模式，只是恰好是一个移动的机械臂的形状。因此推断他对于实验的结果持不支持的态度。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提出问题，机器人是否有自我意识；第二、三段介绍了一个科学实验的过程，第四、物段是对这项科学实验的评价，因此推断作者写这篇文章的目的是呈现一项科学研究。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 What a comedian can teach you about managing stress We often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life, but it really doesn’t have to be. We all know that laughter is the best medicine. ____16____ People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger. Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress. You can try to find a different perspective. ____17____ Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a class. His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud, wondering whether my friend would applaud along when he woke up. He did and the whole class burst outlaughing. After learning everything, he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while, my friend laughed. “If this had happened to someone else, it would have been amusing. So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me. “ ____18____ There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then. We’ve all been personally affected, in some way. You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) . When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth. ____19____ Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ____20____ A. Always share a good story. B. Why not do what comedians do? C. You can also look again and laugh. D. But laughter does more than cheer you up. E. Then you are able to make a simple choice. F. In this way. you will say goodbye to stress forever. G. If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring. 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. C 19. B 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了笑能帮助我们缓解压力，生活中要笑对困境，看向事物积极的一面。 【16题详解】 前文提到“We all know that laughter is the best medicine.”（我们都知道笑容是最好的良药），后文提到“People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger.”（能对自己的不幸一笑置之的人能更快更坚强地振作起来。）由此判断，笑容还能让人更快地恢复过来。D项“But laughter does more than cheer you up.”（但是笑不仅仅是让你开心。）旨在说明笑不只是让人心情好起来，它还有后文提到的“Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress.”（以下是一位喜剧演员对应对压力的看法。）减少压力的作用。D项符合文意，故选D。 【17题详解】 第二段第一句提到“You can try to find a different perspective. ”（你可以尝试换个角度）。下文作者讲了朋友的一个故事，旨在证明只要找到了好笑的点，就可以把一件尴尬的事情变成一件好笑的事情。而读者可以从这个故事里获得灵感，受到鼓舞。从上下文可以得知，这个角度实际上指的是看到事情的有趣的地方，找到好笑的点。G项“If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring.”（如果你很难看到有趣的一面，你可能会发现下面的故事很鼓舞人心。）该项与后文的故事为解释例证关系。G项符合文意，故选G。 【18题详解】 空处位于段首，由此判断该句应为该段的主题句，后文提到“You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) .”（当时你可能不想笑，但现在，回头看，你可以考虑所有奇怪的方面的经验和所有的事情，你做了保持活跃或只是保持理智。）每个人都会经历压力并受到影响，当时也许笑不出来，但是回头看看，想起做过的奇怪的事情，也许就会笑了。C项“You can also look again and laugh.”（你可以回过头看看，然后大笑一场） 该项符合文意，故选C。 【19题详解】 前文提到“When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth.”（当你和朋友分享故事时，你可以选择分享创伤和痛苦的故事，也可以选择用希望和成长的故事来鼓舞他们的精神。）后文提到“Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. ”（以同样的故事为例，把重点从“为我感到难过”转变为“和我一起笑”。）由此判断，该段说明可以把难过的事情转换成另外一个方面去吸收。结合文章标题“What a comedian can teach you about managing stress”（喜剧演员可以教你如何管理压力）可知，喜剧演员会让观众一起笑起来。B项“Why not do what comedians do?”（为什么不学学喜剧演员呢?）B项符合文意，故选B。 【20题详解】 前文提到“Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ”（请记住，我们都在一起，我们都有同样荒谬的经历，我们可以一起嘲笑生活给我们的任何东西。），此空前面建议人们要认识到每个人都会经历不好的事情，无论经历什么，我们都可以发笑。所以此空应该是这么做的好处。E项“Then you are able to make a simple choice.”（然后你就可以做一个简单的选择。）E项符合文意，故选E。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In February 2020, Max’s friend Rick was diagnosed with cancer. Max ___21___ Rick during the last month of his life, thus becoming ___22___ of the care provided to his friend by North Devon Hospice (临终关怀医院). “The hospital took such good care of him that I wanted to do something to show my ___23___,” says Max. Max ___24___ a fundraising mission in March 2020. When Max first put up a tent in the yard of his house, he was 10 years old and had just ___25___ his friend Rick. “Before my friend died of cancer, he gave me a tent and told me to ‘have an adventure’,” says Max. Through a years-long campaign, he became known as “The Boy in the Tent” and ___26___ more than £700,000 in 2023. Such a ___27___ allowed the hospital to ___28___ around 500 patients in their own homes, helping them face the ___29___ of an illness like cancer. When he recalls his ___30___ experiences. Max says that he won’t ___31___ a single thing about the past three years. It’s easy to imagine, however, the past years weren’t free of ___32___ for Max: from collapsed tents to keeping warm throughout storms and snowy nights. Max faced everything with his positive attitude and goal-driven mind. “One time my tent collapsed in the wind and rain at about 10:00 pm and I ___33___ to put it up again,” he says. “Despite all, I never regret it. I ___34___ love my one-of-a-kind adventure and I believe Rick would enjoy it as well if he were ___35___.” 21. A. cured B. saved C. missed D. supported 22. A. aware B. ashamed C. proud D. tired 23. A. ambition B. appreciation C. concern D. generosity 24. A. started B. delayed C. continued D. completed 25. A. found B. treated C. contacted D. lost 26. A. collected B. spent C. withdrew D. wasted 27. A. variety B. sum C. style D. theme 28. A. pick out B. turn down C. give up D. care for 29. A. history B. research C. impact D. source 30. A. traveling B. volunteering C. nursing D. camping 31. A. repeat B. change C. remember D. describe 32. A. challenges B. diseases C. repairs D. performances 33. A. hoped B. promised C. managed D. hesitated 34. A. usually B. similarly C. actually D. regularly 35. A. asleep B. present C. strong D. wealthy 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述一个小男孩Max为纪念逝去的朋友并进行慈善募捐而在自家院子里露营数年的故事，展现了Max的坚韧和积极态度。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Rick生命的最后一个月里， Max一直支持着他，从而意识到北德文郡临终关怀医院为他的朋友提供的照顾。A. cured治愈；B. saved挽救；C. missed错过；D. supported支持。根据前文“In February 2020, Max’s friend Rick was diagnosed with cancer”可知，Rick被诊断出患有癌症，作为朋友，Max应是支持他。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在Rick生命的最后一个月里，Max一直支持着他，从而意识到北德文郡临终关怀医院为他的朋友提供的照顾。A. aware意识到的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. proud自豪的；D. tired疲倦的。根据后文“The hospital took such good care of him that I wanted to do something to show my 　　　3　　　,”可知，是让Max意识到北德文郡临终关怀医院为他的朋友提供的照顾。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“医院把他照顾得很好，我想做点什么来表达我的感激之情，”Max说。A. ambition雄心；B. appreciation感激；C. concern担心；D. generosity慷慨。根据前文“The hospital took such good care of him that I wanted to do something”可知，医院把Max的朋友照顾的很好，所以他想做点什么来表达他的感激之情。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Max于2020年3月开始了筹款任务。A. started开始；B. delayed延迟；C. continued持续；D. completed完成。根据前文“In February 2020, Max’s friend Rick was diagnosed with cancer. Max 　　　1　　　 Rick during the last month of his life”可知，2月Rick被诊断出患有癌症，Max陪他一个月，所以3月应是开始筹款任务。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Max第一次在他家院子里搭起帐篷时，他才10岁，刚刚失去了他的朋友Rick。A. found发现；B. treated以……方式对待；C. contacted联系；D. lost失去。根据前文“Max 　　　1　　　 Rick during the last month of his life”可知，Rick去世了，所以是失去了他的朋友Rick。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过长达数年的宣传，他被称为“帐篷里的男孩”，并在2023年筹集了超过70万英镑。A. collected收集；B. spent花费；C. withdrew退出；D. wasted浪费。根据前文“Max 　　　4　　　 a fundraising mission in March 2020.”可知，Max于2020年3月开始了筹款任务，所以此处应是筹集了超过70万英镑。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这笔钱使医院能够在自己家里照顾大约500名病人，帮助他们面对癌症等疾病的影响。A. variety不同种类；B. sum总额；C. style风格；D. theme主题。根据前文“Through a years-long campaign, he became known as “The Boy in the Tent” and 　　　6　　　 more than £700,000 in 2023.”可知，Max在2023年筹集了超过70万英镑，所以应是这笔钱使医院能够帮助更多的病人。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这笔钱使医院能够在自己家里照顾大约500名病人，帮助他们面对癌症等疾病的影响。A. pick out挑出；B. turn down拒绝；C. give up放弃；D. care for照顾。根据后文“500 patients in their own homes”结合选项可知，应是照顾病人，符合语境。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这笔钱使医院能够在自己家里照顾大约500名病人，帮助他们面对癌症等疾病的影响。A. history历史；B. research研究；C. impact影响；D. source来源。根据前文“helping them face”以及后文“of an illness like cancer”结合选项可知，应是面对癌症等疾病的影响，符合语境。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他回忆起他的露营经历。A. traveling旅行；B. volunteering自告奋勇；C. nursing护理；D. camping露营。根据前文“Through a years-long campaign”可知，应是他的露营经历。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Max说他不会改变过去三年的任何一件事。A. repeat重复；B. change变化；C. remember记得；D. describe描述。根据后文“Despite all, I never regret it”可知，Max从不后悔，所以是不会改变过去三年的任何一件事。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很容易想象，然而，过去的几年对Max来说并不是没有挑战：从倒塌的帐篷到在暴风雨和下雪的夜晚保持温暖。A. challenges挑战；B. diseases疾病；C. repairs修理；D. performances表演。根据后文“from collapsed tents to keeping warm throughout storms and snowy nights.”可知，过去的几年对Max来说是有挑战的。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“有一次，晚上10点左右，我的帐篷在风雨中倒塌了，我设法把它重新搭起来，”他说。A. hoped希望；B. promised承诺；C. managed设法；D. hesitated犹豫。根据前文“One time my tent collapsed in the wind and rain”可知，他帐篷在风雨中倒塌了，所以应是设法把它重新搭起来。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我从不后悔。我真的很喜欢这次独一无二的冒险，我相信如果Rick在场的话，他也会喜欢的。A. usually通常；B. similarly同样；C. actually事实上；D. regularly经常。根据前文“Despite all, I never regret it”可知，Max从不后悔，所以事实上，他很喜欢这次独一无二的冒险。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我从不后悔。我真的很喜欢这次独一无二的冒险，我相信如果Rick在场的话，他也会喜欢的。A. asleep睡着的；B. present存在；C. strong强的；D. wealthy富有的。根据前文“I believe Rick would enjoy it as well”结合选项可知，应是“我相信如果Rick在场的话，他也会喜欢的”之意。故选B项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese astronauts in Tiangong space station opened a science lecture on December 9th, 2021 as they traveled around ___36___ Earth. There ___37___ （be）a lecture and some interesting activities on that exciting day. First, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, all members of the Shenzhou XIII mission crew, greeted students, teachers and other participants as the lecture began at 3:40 pm. They then showed viewers the place ___38___ they live and work. The astronauts carried out experiments ___39___ （show）interesting physical phenomena（现象）in space, ___40___ （include） "disappearing buoyancy（浮力）" and a "water ball". At last, before the end of the livestreamed activities, they ___41___ （happy）answered questions from students. ___42___ （million）of primary and middle school students across China watched the 60-minute televised event, which was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China' s first extraterrestrial（地球大气圈外的）lecture series to make students interested ___43___ space science. The manned space agency said that more lectures would ___44___ （hold）based on the country's manned spaceflights and would also be presented by some ____45____ （profession）Chinese astronauts. Such activities are intended to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights for science among young people. 【答案】36. the 37. was 38. where 39. to show##showing 40. including 41. happily 42. Millions 43. in 44. be held 45. professional 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了2021年12月9日，中国宇航员在天宫空间站举行了一个科学讲座。通过此次讲座，全国学生了解到了许多太空自然现象产生的原因，也让学生们对太空科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：2021年12月9日，Tiangong太空站的中国宇航员在地球旅行时开了一个科学讲座。Earth地球，世界独一无二的东西前加定冠词the。故填the。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在那激动人心的一天，有一场讲座和一些有趣的活动。根据句子on that exciting day，此处谓语动词用一般过去时，there be的be动词主谓一致根据就近原则，与a lecture保持一致，谓语动词用单数形式。Was符合题意。故填was。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然后，他们向观众展示了他们生活和工作的地方。分析句子结构，先行词the place在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员们进行的实验显示了太空中有趣的物理现象，包括“浮力消失”和“水球”。分析句子结构，此处作非谓语动词。前面名词experiments与动词show构成主动关系，用现在分词形式showing作后置定语，或用不定式短语to show作目的状语。故填to show/showing。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：宇航员们进行的实验显示了太空中有趣的物理现象，包括“浮力消失”和“水球”。此处后接名词"disappearing buoyancy（浮力）" and a "water ball"用介词，including包括，符合题意。故填including。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：最后，在直播活动结束前，他们愉快地回答了学生的问题。修饰后面动词用副词形式，作状语，happily愉快地，符合题意。故填happily。 【42题详解】 考查数词。句意：中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫班的第一场讲座，天宫班是中国第一个让学生对太空科学感兴趣的地外系列讲座。Millions of 数百万，后面接介词of，数词应该用复数形式，表概数。故填Millions。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫班的第一场讲座，天宫班是中国第一个让学生对太空科学感兴趣的地外系列讲座。分析句子结构，前面make为使役动词，句中interested作宾语补足语，相当于形容词，后面接宾语应符合be interested in （对……感兴趣）搭配。故填in。 【44题详解】 考查动词被动语态。句意：载人航天局表示，将根据中国载人航天飞行情况举办更多讲座，一些专业的中国宇航员也将参加讲座。根据句意，more lectures与动词hold构成被动关系，用被动关系，情态动词would接动词原形，be held符合题意。故填be held。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：载人航天局表示，将根据中国载人航天飞行情况举办更多讲座，一些专业的中国宇航员也将参加讲座。此处修饰后面名词astronauts用形容词形式，作前置定语。Professional专业的，符合题意。故填professional。 第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，近期你收到“Z世代国际青年说(Voice Z)”节目组邀请为其“文化”板块录制一个演讲视频，请你给节目联络人Emma写一封信商讨相关事宜，内容包括： 1. 感谢邀请; 2. 告知演讲话题并说明原因; 3. 期待回信。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Dear Emma, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Emma, Thank you for inviting me to do a video speech for the Culture Column of the Z Era International Youth Talk Program. Referring to the topic, I’d like to talk about the generation gap. It is a common phenomenon exiting everywhere between parents and children, which results in misunderstandings between loved ones. I will discuss the harm of it and recommend some ways to solve it. If you have any requirements, please contact me. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给“Z世代国际青年说(Voice Z)”节目联络人Emma写一封信商讨为其“文化”板块录制一个演讲视频，表示感谢并告知演讲话题和说明原因。 详解】1.词汇积累 谈及：refer to→ in terms of 引起：result in→ cause 谈论：talk about→ discuss 介绍：recommend→ introduce 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I will talk about the harm of it and recommend some ways to solve it. 拓展句：I will talk about the harm of it and recommend some ways that people can use to solve it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It is a common phenomenon exiting everywhere between parents and children, which results in misunderstandings between loved ones.（运用了现在分词短语作定语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】If you have any requirements, please contact me.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was eight years old when my family moved from Towoomba to England in 1950. My mother was suffering from a rare disease and had to take treatment in London. The day before we boarded the ship, Father sent his five-year-old red heeler (Australian cattle dog), Spider, who was loved by us all, to his friend Sandy, as Sandy was to be his guardian while we were overseas. We didn’t know how long my mother’s treatment would take or how long we would be away. Six weeks later, an airletter arrived from Sandy, giving my father the news that Spider had run away just two weeks after we had sailed. I will always remember my father’s face as he read this news. My mother and I tried to comfort him, knowing in our hearts how useless this was. Sandy had advertised constantly on the media. Despite many “sightings”, the dog was never found. It seemed Spider just kept running and searching for us. My father worried he would be shot or dead from starvation. But our family thought that Father held a secret hope that Spider was still alive. We sailed back to Australia two years later and my father immediately began his own search for Spider. He repeated calls to the people who had said they had seen his dog, but it turned out to be clueless. One cold winter’s Saturday morning, eight months after our return, my father had a call from Gin Gin, 375 kilometers from Toowoomba. An elderly lady living on her own was putting food out “for a very old yellow dog”. This had been going on for a few weeks. Immediately we set off. Five and a half hours later, we found the old house beside the bush (灌木丛). Sadly, the lady told my father that the dog hadn’t been around for a few days. My father had an upset look in his eyes. He put two fingers to his mouth and did his special whistle for Spider. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly there was a sound in the bush. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once home we gently cleaned him up. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Suddenly there was a sound in the bush. My father’s eyes lit up immediately. We all looked in the direction of the sound and saw a yellow dog emerge from the bush. It was Spider! He ran towards my father, wagging his tail excitedly. My father kneeled down and hugged him tightly, tears streaming down his face. It was a heartwarming reunion. Once home we gently cleaned him up. He was thin and tired, but still recognized us. We gave him a warm bath and fed him a delicious meal. Spider lay on the floor, looking happy and content. My father sat beside him, stroking his fur and telling him how much he had missed him. It was as if nothing had changed between them. From then on, Spider became a part of our family again, bringing us endless joy and companionship. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一家从搬家、母亲生病、送走爱犬，到爱犬失踪、父亲和全家人寻找爱犬，并最终重逢的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，灌木丛中传来了声音。”以及第二段首句内容“回到家后，我们轻轻地把他清理干净。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们循声而去找到了爱犬。 ②由第二段首句内容“回到家后，我们轻轻地把他清理干净。”可知，第二段可描写作者一家和爱犬重逢后更加珍惜彼此的陪伴。 2.续写线索：作者八岁时，一家人不得不搬去英国为母亲治病——作者一家不得不将爱犬送给朋友代为照顾——不幸的是，不久后朋友来信告知作者的父亲爱犬跑丢了——朋友一直寻找，可是总也找不到小狗——作者一家后来回到了故乡——他们一直没有放弃寻找小狗——一天，一个老妇人打来电话，说看到了一只黄狗——作者一家前去辨认——到了之后，作者的父亲吹响了特殊的口哨声，灌木丛中立刻传来了声音——作者一家循声寻找，发现那正是他家的爱犬——一家人将小狗带回去，更加珍惜彼此的陪伴 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看见：see/catch sight of ②拥抱：hug/embrace ③流下：stream down/roll down 情绪类 ①兴奋地：excitedly/with excitement ②高兴的：happy/delighted 【点睛】【高分句型1】My father kneeled down and hugged him tightly, tears streaming down his face. （运用了独立主格结构） 【高分句型2】It was as if nothing had changed between them.（运用了as if引导的表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高三英语试题卷 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。 2.考生必须把所有的答案填写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的答案无效。 3.选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案选项框涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案选项框，不要填涂和勾划无关选项。其他试题用黑色碳素笔作答，答案不要超出给定的答题框。 第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)略 第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A study published in the journal Nature lists some hybrid (杂种的) species that could become prevalent (盛行的) in the ocean due to climate change. Here are four of those hybrid species. “Brolar” bears — Brown bears and polar bears Evidence of a hybrid species born from brown bears and polar bears has been found in the United States and Canada in the past. Known as “Polar bears” or “Pizzlies”, they have a mostly white coat, with a brownish hue and a nose that is a cross between a polar bear and a brown or grizzly bear. They are known to be more suited to warmer temperatures than their Arctic relative, as they do not rely so heavily on sea ice for hunting. “Narlugas” — Narwhals (独角鲸) and beluga whales (白鲸) In 1990, a hunter in West Greenland discovered an interesting skull, which appeared to be that of a beluga whale-narwhal hybrid. It wasn’t until 2019 that DNA analysis confirmed that the creature was indeed 54% beluga from its father, and 46% narwhal from its mother. Experts believe that the hybrid may have been grey in color and possessed a tail like a narwhal but forward flippers like those of a beluga whale. Hybrids of harp seals and hooded seals Numerous species of Arctic seal are expected to mate (交配) to form hybrid offspring due to diminishing sea ice. This includes a hybrid of the harp seal and hooded seal, which both breed on pack ice of the North Atlantic Ocean and extend into the Arctic Ocean in summer months. A hybrid animal, found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, was formally reported and confirmed by molecular analysis in 1997. “Harbor-Dall” porpoise (鼠海豚) — Harbor porpoises and Dall’s porpoises Hybrids of the harbor porpoises and the Dall’s porpoises have been found off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Harbor porpoises are thought to be in decline due to habitat disturbance, meaning they may turn to other species to mate with. Experts believe more harbor porpoises will move north as temperatures rise, which will further increase their chances of breeding with Dall’s porpoises. 1. What do the four listed animals have in common? A. They share the same color. B. They are born due to the polar cold. C. Their parents come from different species. D. Sea ice is extremely important for them to hunt. 2. Which animal can’t be found in Canada? A. “Brolar” bears. B. “Narlugas”. C. Hybrids of harp seals and hooded seals. D. “Harbor-Dall” porpoise. 3. In which section of the Internet can we find this text? A. Economy. B. Education. C. Entertainment. D. Environment. B Out of all fields of science, physics has a reputation for being difficult to the general public. On top of complex formulas (公式), the abstract concepts that make it up are sometimes simply hard to grasp. That’s why professor Tatiana Erukhimova works alongside the team of the Physics & Astronomy department at Texas A & M University (TAMU) to produce a series of videos showing real-world applications of physics in a fun and insightful way that has earned her fans around the world. Not only are the explanations in every video easy to follow, but Erukhimova’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged. For example, in one video, the cheerful professor explains the physics of pressure. To demonstrate how distributing weight allows seemingly fragile objects to carry heavier loads, the teacher excitedly steps on a tiny board with lightbulbs and then proceeds to replicate (复制) the experiment with eggs — until it takes an unexpected turn. Erukhimova’s unique teaching method comes from her hope to get students interested through demonstrative classes. “You get this ‘wow factor’ and then it’s easier to find resonance (共鸣).” she said. “I like what I teach, and I try to share my excitement with them.” Born to physicist parents, Erukhimova has had a unique attachment to the field since she was very little. “My passion for physics is just in my genes, and I cannot imagine my life without physics,” she explained. After being offered a position at Texas A & M almost 25 years ago, Erukhimova moved from Russia to Texas. Since then, she has won over both university students and casual viewers with her particular way of explaining science. While she is aware that people may not learn a lot from watching a short video, getting them interested and curious about learning more is all worth it. 4. Why does physics seem difficult to the general public? A It has many formulas. B. It’s boring and useless. C. Its concepts are abstract. D. Access to educational resources is limited. 5. What makes Erukhimova’s videos popular? A Her family background. B. Her respect for her students. C. Her vivid language and personality. D. Her enthusiasm and teaching method. 6. What does Erukhimova hope to achieve through her demonstrative classes? A. Winning over casual viewers and fans. B. Getting students interested in physics. C. Sharing her excitement about physics. D. Improving students’ academic performance. 7. What can be learned about Erukhimova? A. She has many hobbies. B. She is a famous scientist. C. She is devoted to her job. D. She earns a very high salary. C In today’s digital era, social media users are increasingly coming across fake news online. This leads to the pressing issue: What causes people to fall for misinformation on the Internet? According to researchers at the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology, users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室) — a sort of virtual space where users consume only one-sided news, eventually distrusting any opposing views. “We all tend to agree with the group opinion. Hence, people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion,” said Dongwon Lee, one of the researchers. “But if you’re not cautious, there is a high risk of falling into an echo chamber.” To prevent this phenomenon, the researchers have crafted a novel tool, a game named ChamberBreaker, to help players resist echo chambers and reduce the rate of fake news spread. The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision-making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber. To begin, the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health, political or environmental issue, and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic. Then, the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. If successful, the community members will fall into an echo chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects on the community. After developing ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors. The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon. Ultimately, the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption. The application of tools like ChamberBreaker, which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning, may lead us towards a more informed online community. 8. What can be learned about an online echo chamber? A. It encourages well-judged views. B. It gathers like-minded individuals. C. It functions as a virtual reality platform. D. It serves as a tool for identifying fake information. 9. What is ChamberBreaker’s core method against echo chambers? A. Assignment of situations. B. Trust-building exercises. C. News selection strategy. D. Community impact assessment. 10. Which of the following can show ChamberBreaker’s effectiveness? A. The results of scientific testing. B. The theoretical framework of the game. C. The description of the game procedures. D. The common challenges faced during gameplay. 11. What is the likely long-term effect of playing ChamberBreaker? A. Reducing news inquiry. B. Encouraging passive reading. C. Strengthening prejudiced views. D. Enhancing critical thinking. D Every robot is trained in some way to do a task. By seeing what to do, robots can copy the way of doing the task. But they do so unthinkingly, perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision (碰撞) risks, rather than having any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space. It means they will often make mistakes—hitting the object in their way, for instance. Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge. They placed a robot arm in a laboratory where it was surrounded by four cameras at ground level and one camera above it. These fed video images back to a deep neural(神经的) network, a form of AI, connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space. For 3 hours, the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm' s mechanical inputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space. This generated nearly 8,000 data points—and the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation (模拟) of the robot in a virtual version of its environment. To test how well the AI had worked, a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network “thought” the arm should be found as it moved. It was accurate to within 1 percent, meaning if the workspace was 1 metre wide, the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre. If the neural network is considered to be part of the robot itself, this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any given moment. “To me, this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model of itself,” says Lipson. “It’s a small step, but it’s a sign of things to come.” Learning about the research, Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says, “There is potential for further research to lead to useful applications based on this method, but not self- perception. The computer simply matches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.” David Cameron at the University of Sheffield, UK, also says that following a specified path to complete a goal is easily achieved by existing robots. 12. Hod Lipson’s work focuses on robots . A. flexibility B. self-awareness C. deep-learning ability D. error correction 13. What is the function of the neural network in the experiment? A. To process and transform neural information. B. To study and simulate AI’s virtual environment. C. To analyse and predict the arm’s position changes. D. To record and output the video images of the robot. 14. As for the result of the experiment, Andrew Hundt is . A. sympathetic B. content C. uncertain D. disapproving 15. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To discuss a scientific concept. B. To assess a scientific finding. C. To introduce a science application. D. To present a science research. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 What a comedian can teach you about managing stress We often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life, but it really doesn’t have to be. We all know that laughter is the best medicine. ____16____ People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger. Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress. You can try to find a different perspective. ____17____ Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a class. His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud, wondering whether my friend would applaud along when he woke up. He did and the whole class burst outlaughing. After learning everything, he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while, my friend laughed. “If this had happened to someone else, it would have been amusing. So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me. “ ____18____ There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then. We’ve all been personally affected, in some way. You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) . When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth. ____19____ Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ____20____ A. Always share a good story. B. Why not do what comedians do? C. You can also look again and laugh. D But laughter does more than cheer you up. E. Then you are able to make a simple choice. F. In this way. you will say goodbye to stress forever. G. If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In February 2020, Max’s friend Rick was diagnosed with cancer. Max ___21___ Rick during the last month of his life, thus becoming ___22___ of the care provided to his friend by North Devon Hospice (临终关怀医院). “The hospital took such good care of him that I wanted to do something to show my ___23___,” says Max. Max ___24___ a fundraising mission in March 2020. When Max first put up a tent in the yard of his house, he was 10 years old and had just ___25___ his friend Rick. “Before my friend died of cancer, he gave me a tent and told me to ‘have an adventure’,” says Max. Through a years-long campaign, he became known as “The Boy in the Tent” and ___26___ more than £700,000 in 2023. Such a ___27___ allowed the hospital to ___28___ around 500 patients in their own homes, helping them face the ___29___ of an illness like cancer. When he recalls his ___30___ experiences. Max says that he won’t ___31___ a single thing about the past three years. It’s easy to imagine, however, the past years weren’t free of ___32___ for Max: from collapsed tents to keeping warm throughout storms and snowy nights. Max faced everything with his positive attitude and goal-driven mind. “One time my tent collapsed in the wind and rain at about 10:00 pm and I ___33___ to put it up again,” he says. “Despite all, I never regret it. I ___34___ love my one-of-a-kind adventure and I believe Rick would enjoy it as well if he were ___35___.” 21. A. cured B. saved C. missed D. supported 22. A. aware B. ashamed C. proud D. tired 23. A. ambition B. appreciation C. concern D. generosity 24. A. started B. delayed C. continued D. completed 25. A. found B. treated C. contacted D. lost 26. A. collected B. spent C. withdrew D. wasted 27. A. variety B. sum C. style D. theme 28. A. pick out B. turn down C. give up D. care for 29. A. history B. research C. impact D. source 30. A. traveling B. volunteering C. nursing D. camping 31. A. repeat B. change C. remember D. describe 32. A. challenges B. diseases C. repairs D. performances 33 A. hoped B. promised C. managed D. hesitated 34. A. usually B. similarly C. actually D. regularly 35. A. asleep B. present C. strong D. wealthy 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese astronauts in Tiangong space station opened a science lecture on December 9th, 2021 as they traveled around ___36___ Earth. There ___37___ （be）a lecture and some interesting activities on that exciting day. First, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, all members of the Shenzhou XIII mission crew, greeted students, teachers and other participants as the lecture began at 3:40 pm. They then showed viewers the place ___38___ they live and work. The astronauts carried out experiments ___39___ （show）interesting physical phenomena（现象）in space, ___40___ （include） "disappearing buoyancy（浮力）" and a "water ball". At last, before the end of the livestreamed activities, they ___41___ （happy）answered questions from students. ___42___ （million）of primary and middle school students across China watched the 60-minute televised event, which was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China' s first extraterrestrial（地球大气圈外的）lecture series to make students interested ___43___ space science. The manned space agency said that more lectures would ___44___ （hold）based on the country's manned spaceflights and would also be presented by some ____45____ （profession）Chinese astronauts. Such activities are intended to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights for science among young people. 第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，近期你收到“Z世代国际青年说(Voice Z)”节目组邀请为其“文化”板块录制一个演讲视频，请你给节目联络人Emma写一封信商讨相关事宜，内容包括： 1. 感谢邀请; 2. 告知演讲话题并说明原因; 3. 期待回信。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Emma, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was eight years old when my family moved from Towoomba to England in 1950. My mother was suffering from a rare disease and had to take treatment in London. The day before we boarded the ship, Father sent his five-year-old red heeler (Australian cattle dog), Spider, who was loved by us all, to his friend Sandy, as Sandy was to be his guardian while we were overseas. We didn’t know how long my mother’s treatment would take or how long we would be away. Six weeks later an airletter arrived from Sandy, giving my father the news that Spider had run away just two weeks after we had sailed. I will always remember my father’s face as he read this news. My mother and I tried to comfort him, knowing in our hearts how useless this was. Sandy had advertised constantly on the media. Despite many “sightings”, the dog was never found. It seemed Spider just kept running and searching for us. My father worried he would be shot or dead from starvation. But our family thought that Father held a secret hope that Spider was still alive. We sailed back to Australia two years later and my father immediately began his own search for Spider. He repeated calls to the people who had said they had seen his dog, but it turned out to be clueless. One cold winter’s Saturday morning, eight months after our return, my father had a call from Gin Gin, 375 kilometers from Toowoomba. An elderly lady living on her own was putting food out “for a very old yellow dog”. This had been going on for a few weeks. Immediately we set off. Five and a half hours later, we found the old house beside the bush (灌木丛). Sadly, the lady told my father that the dog hadn’t been around for a few days. My father had an upset look in his eyes. He put two fingers to his mouth and did his special whistle for Spider. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly there was a sound in the bush. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once home we gently cleaned him up. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$