2024年中考英语重点语法专项之被动语态解读课件

英语 句型 语态 被动语态 一 1.被动语态的结构 be+动词的过去分词 有时态,人称,数的变化 宾变主,主变介宾 谓变be done时不变(be体现时态,人称和数的变化) 被动语态的时态: 一般现在时 主动语态:do\does 被动语态:be+done 例:主:We always clean the classroom. 例:被:The classroom is always cleaned by us 一般过去时: 主动语态:did 被动语态:was\were+done 例:主:He made a kite. 例:被:The kite was made by him 一般将来时: 主语动态:will\shall+do 被动语态:will\shall be+done 例:主: Tomorrow they will plant trees 例:被:Trees will be planted by them tomorrow 情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 即:情态动词 + be + done e.g.Tables can be made of stone. The lights must be turned off by you. 4.现在进行时态的被动语态: am/is/are + being + done 5.过去进行时态的被动时态: was/were + being + done 6.现在完成时态的被动语态: have/has + been + done 7.不定式的被动语态: to + be + done 2.被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁 The bridge was built last year . 这座桥是去年建的 不知道是谁建的,只强调桥是去年建的 2. 不必要指出动作的执行者是谁 More trees must be planted every year. 不强调种树的是谁,只要树种了就好 每年都必须种树 3.需要强调突出动作的承受者 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 强调汉语的广泛使用 在世界上说中文的人越来越多了 4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时 Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了 flood 虽然是动作的发出者,但它并无主动意愿,所以用被动语态。 被动语态的几种特殊类型 1.带双宾语句子的被动语态. 指物的宾语叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语 give me a book = give a book to me 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 (1) He gave me a book. 主动语态 变为被动语态- - I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by him. (2) I bought him a book. 主动语态 变为被动语态- - He was bought a book by me. A book was bought for him by me. 2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 They take good care of my child. - My child is taken good care of . I turned off the radio. - The radio was turned off (by me). 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成的动词短语的介词和副词。 3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 即:三眼:see watch look at(notice) 两耳:hear listen to 一感觉:feel 三使役:make have let e.g. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday. - 2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours. - He was seen to play basketball last Sunday. He is made to work for 10 hours. 这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不加to,但变被动句时必须加to. 不用被动语态的情况 1)像happen, take place,等不及物动词没有被动语态。 e.g. A traffic accident happened just now. 2)连系动词look, sound, taste, smell,feel 等不用被动语态。 e.g. Mooncakes taste delicious. The idea sounds great. 难点:主动形式表被动意义 1)当表示主语质地,自身特征的动词open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 与副词well或easily连用时,可用主动语态表被动意义,用作不及物动词。 This kind of pen writes smoothly. This kind of shirt sells well here. 2) 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义 The book is worth reading. 3) need doing =need to be done . to be done 表不定式的被动结构。 My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired. They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often help him with homework. We make these machines in Beijing. 1.English _in Canada. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is spoken 2.This song _by the girls after class. A.often sings B.is often sang C.is often sung 3.Japanese _ in every country. A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.are not spoken 4.Whom was the book_? A.write B.written C.written by 5.The important meeting_on a cold morning last year. A.was being had B.was held C.held C C A C B 6.The coat_her sister. A.made to B.was made for C.were made to 7.Our room must_clean. A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept 8.The river smells terrible. People should_dirty things into it. A.be stopped to throw B.be stopped throwing C.stop throwing 9.The book may_for two weeks. A.be kept B.keep C.kept 10.- What should we do first if we want to develop our village? - A lot of new roads _ , I think. A.must be built B. have to build C. must build D. have built B B B A A 1.Last year, Li Hua, a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games. A. is choosing B.is C. was choosing D. was chosen 2. - Who’s the little baby in the photo, Susan? - It’s me, this photo _ ten years ago. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken 3. It’s reported that the Underground Lines No.3 _ in our city in 2022. A .will build B. has build C. will be built D. has been built 4. -Look at the sign on the right. - Ok, parking _ here . A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. didn’t allow D.wasn’t allowed 5.- What should we do first if we want to develop our village? - A lot of new roads _ , I think. A.must be built B. have to build C. must build D. have built D D C B A 6. - Do you believe there are aliens? - I’m afraid not. I don’t think aliens _ in space. A.can find B.can be found C.can be founded D.can’t be found 7. - Alice, You _ on the phone. - I’m coming. Thanks. A.want B.are wanted C.are wanting D.have wanted 8. The thief _ by the policeman already. A.is caught B.caught C.has caught D.has been caught 9. Mary _ the song at a party. A.heard sing B.was heard sung C.was heard to sing D.was heard sing 10. -What do you think of the football match yesterday? - Well, it’s surprising. The strongest team of our school_. A.was beaten B.won C.scored D.was failed B B D C A 11. This kind of clothes _ well. And it _ . A.sells, has been sold out B.is sold, has been sold out C.was sold, sold out D.sells, sold out 12.-Do you often see William _ on the playground? -No, he is often seen _ Chinese kungfu in the park. A.run, play B.run, to play C.running, play D.running, to play. 13.-Will you come to join us this Sunday? - I won’t come unless Bob _ . A.is invited B.will be invited C.can invited D.invites 14.Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees. A.stop to cut B.stop from cutting C.be kept cutting D.be stopped from cutting 15.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory next week? -Yes, every student _ about it. A.have told B.have been told C.has told D.has been told A B A D D 1. — How clean your car is! — Thank you. It _(wash) very often. 2.— Do you know when and where the 24th winter Olympic Games _(hold)? — In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022. 3.The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday. 4. I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now. is washed will be held has been shown was told didn't come 5. This kind of pen _ (write) well, so most of the students choose to use it. 6. Can such a thing _ (stop) from happening again? 7. I promise that the dogs will _ (take) good care of during the weekend. 8. Sometimes the young boy was seen _ (play) with fire alone. It's dangerous. 9. She _ (not tell) to finish the work with her classmates yet. writes be stopped be taken to play hasn't been told Thank you!!! $$