2024年中考英语语法复习动词的形式知识讲解

中考英语语法复习 动词的形式知识讲解 动词的形式：动词有四种基本形式：现在式（又分为动词原形和第三人单数形式）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 一、现在式 现在式是动词的最基本形式，分为动词原形和第三人称单数形式。 如果现在式的主语是第三人称单数，动词应变成相应的第三人称单数形式。其变化形式如下： 构成规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式 一般动词在词尾加-s构成 work works get gets read reads 以o，s，x，sh，ch结尾的动词在词尾加-es go goes express expresses fix fixes brush brushes teach teaches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es study studies fly flies try tries 二、过去式和过去分词 过去式表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，主要用来构成一般过去时。动词过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种情况，动词的过去分词形式主要用来构成 完成时态和被动语态。 动词的过去式、过去分词的规则变化如下： 变化规则 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 一般情况下加-ed work，look，help worked，looked，helped worked，looked，helped 以不发间的e结尾的词直接加-d hope，like，dance hoped，liked，danced hoped，liked，danced 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-ed study，copy，carry studied，copied，carried studied，copied，carried 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed nod，stop，plan nodded，stopped，planned nodded，stopped，planned 常见动词的过去式、过去分词不规则变化列表如下 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 awake      （使）醒来 awoke awoken light点燃，照亮 lighted/lit lighted/lit bear忍受 bore borne lose失去 lost lost beat击败 beat beaten make制造，迫使 made made become成为 became become meet遇见 met met begin开始 began begun mean意味着，打算 meant meant bend弯腰；压弯 bent bent mistake误会，弄错 mistook mistaken bite叮；咬 bit bitten pay付款 paid paid blow吹 blew blown ride骑 rode ridden break打碎 broke broken ring鸣响 rang rung bring带来 brought brought rise增加，上升 rose risen build建造 built built run跑 ran run buy买 bought bought see看见 saw seen catch捉住 caught caught sell售卖，出售 sold sold choose选择 chose chosen send送出 sent sent dig挖，掘 dug dug shake摇动，颤动 shook shaken do做 did done shine发光，照亮 shone shone draw绘画，引起 drew drawn shoot射伤 shot shot drink喝，饮 drank drunk show出示 showed showed drive驱赶，驾驶 drove driven shrink收缩 shrank shrunk eat吃 ate eaten sing唱 sang sung fall摔倒，跌落 fell fallen sink下沉 sank sunk feel感觉 felt felt sit坐 sat sitten fight战斗，打架 fought fought sleep睡觉 slept slept find发现，碰见 found found smell闻 smelt/smelled smelt/smelled flee逃走 fled fled sow播种 sowed sown/sowed fly飞 flew flown speak讲话 spoke spoken forget忘记 forgot forgotten spell拼写 spelt spelt freeze结冰，冻结 froze frozen spend花费 spent spent get得到 got got/gotten stand站/忍受 stood stood give交给，赠送 gave given steal偷 stole stolen go去 went gone stick刺，粘贴 stuck stuck grow生长 grew grown strike罢工 struck struck hang悬挂 hung hung swear             发誓，诅咒 swore sworn have有 had had sweep打扫 swept swept hear听见 heard heard swim游泳 swan swum hold握住 held held holden take拿，做 took taken hurt损伤，伤害 hurt hurt teach教 taught taught keep保持 kept kept tell告诉 threw thrown know知道，认识 knew known think想，认为 thought thought lay放置 laid laid throw扔，投 threw thrown lead带领，导致 led led understand      理解，明白 understood understood learn学习 learned learnt lelearned learnt undertake           承担，接受 undertook undertaken leave离开，留下 left left wake醒 woke woken lend借出 lent lent wear穿，磨坏 wore worn let让 let let Weep        哭泣，流（泪） wept wept lie躺 lay lain win获胜，赢 won won 三、现在分词 现在分词主要构成现在进行时和过去进行时，其构成如下： 构成规则 动词原形 现在分词 一般情况下加-ing work，learn，teach working，learning，teaching 以不发间的e结尾的词，去掉e直接加-ing write，take，use writing，taking，using 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ing run，stop，forget running，stopping，forgetting 少数几个-ie结尾的单音节动词，把ie变成y再加-ing tie，die，lie tying，dying，lying 当词尾的e前面是元音，或者去掉e会引起发音变化时，要保留e，然后加-ing agree，flee，canoe agreeing，fleeing，canoeing 0 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$