2024年中考英语语法复习讲义 动词时态
第9章 动词时态
动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中的时态。
英语中动词的时态有十六种， 初中阶段要求掌握的有六种，要求了解的有两种。各种时态的构成如下表（以work为例）
时态 | 例词 | 常用时间状语 |
一般现在时 | work/works | often/ always/ usually/ every day/ sometimes/ never once a week/ on the weekend |
一般过去时 | worked | yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等 |
一般将来时 | shall/will work | soon, next week, the day after tomorrow, in the future, in two days等 |
现在进行时 | am/is/are+working | now, at the moment, look, listen等 |
过去进行时 | was/were+working | from 9 to 10, when, at seven last night, while等 |
现在完成时 | have/has+worked | recently, lately, so far, just, already, yet, ever, in the past/last ten/few years等 |
*过去完成时 | had+worked | by the end of...表示过去的过去 |
*过去将来时 | should/would+work | the next week等 |
一．行为动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则
- 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-s:
stop--stops, like--likes
- 以sh, ch, o, s, x结尾的在词尾加-es:
wash--washed, finish--finishes, do--does, guess--guesses
- 以辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i再加-es:
study--studies，carry--carries
- 不规则变化：
have--has
二．规则动词的过去式的变化规则
- 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ed:
walk--walked, wash--washed
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- 以e结尾的在词尾加-d:
arrive--arrived, move--moved
- 以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（w和y除外）的重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加--ed:
stop--stopped
- 以辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i再加-ed:
hurry--hurried, try--tried
一．一般现在时
- 表示现在经常性，习惯性的动作或主语现在的状态。
My mother usually gets up at six in the morning.
Tom has a good sense of humor.
We make it a rule that each of us cleans the classroom one day a week.(牡丹江中考）
- 表示客观事实，普遍真理，俗语等。
Paris stands on the Seing River.
Action speak louder than words.
- 一般现在时表示将来
The final exam takes place next week.(时间表或安排好的事件）
If Bob stays away from the junk food, he will be in good health.（条件状语从句）（贵阳中考）
二．一般过去时
- 表示在过去确定的某个时间里所发生的的动作或存在的状态。
Lucy was a student last year, but now he is a teacher.(毕节中考）
- 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。
Betty often helped me out when we were middle school students.
- 叙述没有过去具体的时间的动作或状态。
Ken left his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back.
Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.
- 表示过去将要发生的动作。
We wouldn’t leave until she came back.
She said she would come if he was free that day.
三．一般将来时
- will/shall+动词原形表示将来
From now on I will/shall come for the newspaper every day.
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