2024年中考英语语法：代词讲义

第3章 代词 代词的分类 代词是用来代替名词的词，也用来代替起名词作用的短语和句子。根据它各自的作用分为9类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词。 考点1 人称/物主/反身 综合练习 类别 主格 宾格 所有格 物主代词 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 反身代词常用的固定搭配：oneself 玩的开心 teach oneself 自学 learn . . . by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 come to oneself 恢复知觉 by oneself 独自地，单独地 devote oneself to 致力于…… help oneself to …自便，自取，随便吃…… leave sb. by oneself 把某人独自留下 give oneself up 自首，投案，投降 lose oneself in 沉迷于…… throw oneself into . . . 投身于，积极从事 enjoy 考点2 指示代词 1. this/these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物，that/those表示在时间上或空间上较远的 人或物。 This is my new friend. I like these flowers very much. That is a lovely boy. In those days the workers had a hard time. 2. 打电话时，常用this指自己，that指对方 Who's that speaking, please? This is Lily speaking. 3. that, those可用来指代前面出现过的名词，避免重复。 The weather in Shenzhen is much better than that in Beijing.（南宁中考） Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 考点3 疑问代词 用来表示疑问或者构成疑问句的代词叫做疑问代词。 疑问代词 意义 作用 例句 who 谁 作主语、表语或宾语 (作宾语时，不能位于介词后面) 用来指人 Who is the girl under the tree? Who are you waiting for? whom 谁 who的宾格形式，作宾语 To whom did you speak on the playground? whose 谁的 who的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾或定语语 Whose dictionary is this? Whose are those shoes? what 什么 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 What makes you love your hometown so much? What are your reasons for leaving? which 哪个，哪些 用来指人或物在一定范围限制之内进行选择 Which would you like to choose to live in, Chengdu, Beijing or shanghai？ ★注意：关于what的其他用法 what并不仅仅翻译成“什么”，纯碎指物，而通常翻译成“多少”，或者“怎样”等， 1. What is your father? =What does your father do? 2. What is the price of your bicycle? 3. What is the population of your country? 4. What did you do with your old books? 5. What is his height? 考点4 不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫做不定代词。 不定代词 用法 例句 1. both/all both意为“两个都” We should protect the beautiful flowers on both sides of the streets. all意为“多个都”，用于三个或三个以上的“都” All of my classmates are interested in computer science. 2. none 三个或三个以上都不 I need some paper, but there is none at hand. 3. neither/either neither意为“两个都不”，neither . . . nor . . . “既不……也不……” Neither you nor he is right. Neither answer is correct. “两个中的任何一个” We don’t care much for what to eat, either of them will do. 4. some/any some常用于肯定句 用于请求的疑问句中表示“一些”，期望得到肯定句。 We need some help. Would you buy me some stamps when you pass the post office. any用于疑问或否定句中, 表示“一些” Is there any reason for changing the plan? You may come at any time; I’ll be at home the whole day. 5. few/little few用于可数名词前 He has written many books, but few of them are good. little用于不可数名词前 There is little news about this movie star in the newspaper. 6. a few/little a few用于可数名词前 I have been to Beijing a few times. a little用于不可数名词前 Please add a little sugar to the coffee. 7. many/much many用于可数名词前表示“很多” My cousins have collected stamps for two years. They have many stamps from different countries. much用于不可数名词前表示“很多” It’s a small car that doesn’t use much fuel. 8. each/every each用于强调个体 Each of them knows the whole thing. every主要从整体出发，顺带意思是“每一个”，只能作定语 Every day is a new opportunity. Every student will take part in the research. 9. one/it one指代“同类异物” There are 20 old tables in our classroom. Our teacher wants to buy 10 new ones. it就是所指代事物或物件本身 I can’t find my hat. I don’t know where I put it. 不定代词 用法 例句 1. other/others other泛指“其他的，别的”，不单独使用，后接名词 I suggest a camping holiday, but Jane had other ideas. others泛指“其他的人或物”，后面不接名词 others=other+复数名词 Some students are playing soccer, others are running. 2. another/the other another泛指“另一个” They need another two hours to finish this work. the other特指两个中“另一个”，常用于one . . . ，the other . . . 结构。也可用于特指范围内的“另一些”，the other+复数名词=the others She has two children. One is a salesman, the other is an engineer. Peter is taller than the other students in his class. 3. others/the others others泛指“其他的人或物” We should learn from others. the others指特定范围内的“其他人物” Three of us remain here and all the others go to the nest room. 复合不定代词 somebody someone something anybody anyone anything nobody no one nothing everybody everyone everything 1. 复合不定代词主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Nothing is impossible. 2. 形容词修饰不定代词时，要后置，即放在复合不定代词后面。 Mrs. Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook something different for me during my stay in Canada. 3. 由some构成的复合不定代词，常用在肯定句中，表示人或者物。也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。 Boys and girls, attention please! I have something important to tell you. You don’t have a drink. can I get you something? 4. 由any构成的复合不定代词，常用在疑问句和否定句。也可用于肯定句中，表示任何人或物。 There has never been such a beautiful village anywhere in the word. (杭州中考) 5. 由every构成的复合不定代词表示所有人或物，与否定连用表示部分否定。 Not everyone can work out the problem. 考点5 it的用法 1. it作代词，可用来表示时间、天气、距离等。 It is about 50 kilometers from here to the nearest supermarket. 2. it作形式主语，常用于下列句型： ①.It is+adj. (+for/of sb. )+to do sth. ②.It is time for sb. to do sth. ③.It takes (sb. ) some time to do sth. ④.It seems/appears/happens that . . . ⑤.It is said/reported that . . . ⑥.It is adj. + that 从句 ⑦.I find/feel/think/believe/suppose/it +adj. to do sth. 综合练习 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$