单元素养检测卷(三)[Unit 3]（无听力音频）-【精彩三年】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册课程探究与巩固教师用书配套word（人教版）

　 　　　　　　　单元素养检测卷(三)[Unit 3](见学生用书P195) 　　　　　[时间：120分钟　满分：150分] 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共 5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 7.5分) 听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (　C　)1．How’s the weather today? A．Warm. B．Hot. C．Cold. (　B　)2．How will the man go to the Tokyo Tower? A．By taxi. B．By subway. C．By bus. (　A　)3．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In a school library. C．In a bookstore. (　B　)4．What drink does the woman probably want to have? A．Juice. B．Wine. C．Lemonade. (　C　)5．How much should the man pay totally? A．$150. B．$300. C．$450. 听力材料 Text 1 M: I think there’s something wrong with the heating system.It’s too hot. I’m beginning to sweat! W: Well, it’s better than being frozen to death outside(1). Text 2 W: Don’t take the bus. The routes will get you confused. You can ask a taxi driver to take you to the Tokyo Tower. It’s convenient. M: It costs too much. Maybe I should take the subway.(2) Can you tell me which line I should take? Text 3 M: Excuse me, there seems to be a missing page in this menu. I couldn’t find the course I’d like to order.(3) W: Let me see, Sir. Oh, sorry. I’ll get a new one for you right away. Text 4 M: The lemonade really goes well with the roast pork, Madam. Or maybe you want something more refreshing, like the watermelon juice? W: Well, actually I’d like to drink something with alcohol. Anything like that will do(4). Thanks. Text 5 M: 150 dollars per night, and I stayed here for two nights... That’s 300 dollars, right? W: Well, yeah, but considering the fine, it’s 450 dollars in total(5), Sir. We found cigarettes in your room so you have to pay extra for breaking the rule. M: Oh, I’m sorry. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或短文。每段对话或短文后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或短文前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或短文读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (　A　)6．What does the woman want to do in her yard? A．Plant roses. B．Raise chickens. C．Plant vegetables. (　B　)7．How does the woman probably feel about the man? A．Pleased. B．Upset. C．Satisfied. 听力材料 Text 6 W: Look at those beautiful roses in Mrs Smith’s yard, honey! Do you think we should do something to our yard too? M: Sure. I’ve always wanted to plant some cabbage, beans and sweet corn. W: Vegetables? Really? M: You don’t like my idea? Or maybe we could raise some chickens? It’ll need us to keep an eye out for them from time to time though. W: Or maybe we could also plant some roses... (6) M: Why? We can’t eat flowers. W: Oh, I don’t want to talk to you anymore. You’re so not romantic！(7) 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (　A　)8．Why did the accident happen? A．The car lost control suddenly. B．A fire broke out in the car. C．The driver was careless. (　C　)9．What can we know from the conversation? A．The car hit a big rock. B．The car wasn’t badly damaged. C．The man only got slight wounds. 听力材料 Text 7 W: Bill, I heard you bought a new Ferrari car. M: Oh, it was a total disaster. It was burnt to ashes just an hour after I collected it from the seller. W: What? How could that happen? M: Well, all I know is that I was driving on a motorway, and all of a sudden, the car was out of control(8) and began to run into the grassland beside. Luckily, I didn’t panic. I managed to slow it down and get out just before it hit a big tree and went up in smoke. W: Did you get hurt? M: Just some small cuts and scratches.(9) It’s a miracle. W: Unbelievable.Sounds like an action movie to me. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (　A　)10．What’s the relationship between the speakers? A．Brother and sister. B．Mother and son. C．Father and daughter. (　B　)11．How many old men were killed per 100，000 by alcohol in Britain in 2016? A．18. B．28. C．18.7. (　C　)12．Which part of the U．K. gets the highest alcohol death rate among the old? A．Wales. B．England. C．Scotland. 听力材料 Text 8 W: Robert, we’ve got to persuade our dad out of drinking so much alcohol.(10) M: Why do you bring this up now? You know Dad has been drinking for years. It’s like his hobby. W: I’ve read an article on the Internet, and it says that in Britain, the deaths among old men caused by drinking alcohol rose from 18.7 per 100，000 population in 2001 to 28 per 100，000 in 2016(11). M: Hmm, it still doesn’t seem a very high percentage to me. W: You should really take it seriously. According to the article, Scotland is the worst place for alcohol deaths in old age groups.(12) M: But we’re from Wales. We’ve only moved to Scotland since 2 years ago. W: Robert! M: Alright, I was joking. I’ll try. But you know how stubborn our dad can be sometimes.(10) 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (　C　)13．Why was the woman unhappy? A．Because she had a fever. B．Because she was so hungry. C．Because she didn’t get promoted. (　A　)14．Why did Daisy get the promotion according to the man? A．She hasn’t asked for a day off. B．She’s kept the top sales record. C．She’s worked overtime. (　B　)15．What will the woman ask her boss for? A．A vacation. B．A pay rise. C．A promotion. (　C　)16．What does the man suggest the woman should do in the end? A．Go fishing in a pond. B．Put up with the boss. C．Hunt for a new job. 听力材料 Text 9 M: Hi, Claire. Nice weather, isn’t it? W: Yeah... M: Are you OK? You don’t sound as cheerful as normal. Did you have your breakfast? W: I had. I think I’m developing flu. I’m going to take some pills. M: Hold on, Claire. Are you sure you’re getting flu? This hasn’t got anything to do with that job promotion you didn’t get？(13) W: Well, you got me.(13) I’m physically okay, but mentally... I just couldn’t understand why Daisy got that promotion.(14) It’s me who has kept the top sales record for 6 months! M: Well, Daisy has never asked for even one day off in the past half year(14). W: What could I do? No one could take my place to look after my sick mother, and I already worked overtime to make up for it. You know what? I’m going to ask the boss for a pay rise.(15) M: Claire, to be honest, I think maybe this job doesn’t suit you that much(16). You’re like a big fish in a small pond. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (　B　)17．Which airport was temporarily shut down in New York City? A．LaGuardia. B．JFK. C．Newark. (　A　)18．What happened in a storm of December according to De Blasio? A．His neighbourhood was buried in snow for three days. B．All flights were stopped the whole day long. C．1，500 special trucks continued to clean the roads. (　B　)19．What can we learn about the situation in Boston? A．It would clear up on Friday. B．More than a foot of snowfall. C．Two feet of snow and high winds were reported. (　C　)20．How many deaths were reported in the Midwest? A．Two. B．Five. C．Seven. 听力材料 Text 10 On just his second day on the job, former New York City Mayor Bill De Blasio gave more than one million students the day off, as a winter storm dropped nearly two feet of snow.The poor conditions were made worse by high winds and temperatures well below freezing. Thousands of flights were delayed or canceled and many people couldn’t make it back to work after the winter holiday. While the LaGuardia and Newark airports in the New York area were opening normally, the conditions at JFK airport were so bad that all flights were stopped for at least four hours(17).De Blasio said a December storm left his neighborhood buried in snow for three days.(18) He promised that this time, it wouldn’t take that long to get the city cleaned up and working again. About 1，700 special snow trucks hit the streets of New York on Tuesday night, and they continued to work overtime. The situation was serious in many other areas. Boston received more than a foot of snow(19), and more was expected on Friday. About 350 miles northwest of New York City, a 71­year­old woman froze to death. About 40 miles north of Philadelphia, a man was killed on Tuesday after he was buried in his car. Seven deaths in the Midwest were blamed on the storm.(20) Another storm could arrive as early as Monday. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。 A The STAR Eco Station is an environmental science museum, a wildlife rescue center, and a shelter for endangered and illegally­traded foreign animals confiscated (没收) by the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It carries out the mission “Preservation through Education” by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the interdependence of all living things. Field trips The STAR Eco Station hosts field trips for schools and camps throughout Southern California. Each field trip lasts two hours, consisting of a one­hour gathering and a one­hour tour of the facility, with lessons associated with California State Science Standards. Throughout the field trip, students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems. The students also receive an up­close and hands­on experience with our rescued foreign wildlife. The tour includes different environmental exhibits that showcase the ways students can help protect animals in the wild. Field trips are offered on weekdays only, from 10 a．m. to 12 p．m. or from 12 p．m. to 2 p．m. The rate is $6 per visitor, both child and adult, with a minimum of $120. We offer one free adult per 10 children for groups of 40 or more. The maximum capacity is 120 people per field trip. Public tours Guided tours of the STAR Eco Station introduce visitors to over two hundred rescued foreign animals. Each tour is led by an Eco Station staff member, and features fun animal facts, hands­on animal encounters, surprising rescue stories, environmental exhibits, and original approaches to going green. Visitors may only see the animals on a guided tour, for both your safety and the safety of our animals. The guided tour lasts approximately 45—60 minutes. Public tours are offered on Saturday and Sunday, from 10 a．m. to 4 p．m. (the last tour begins at 3 p．m.). Our guided public tours start every hour on the hour. Visitors are served on a first­come, first­served basis. No reservations are required. However, tours may sell out. We suggest larger groups schedule a private tour. Note Our regular public tours’ time is subject to change without notice. Please call in advance for the most up­to­date information. (　B　)21．The STAR Eco Station aims to ． A．help research wildlife abroad B．raise awareness of wildlife protection C．collect money for animal shelters D．provide knowledge of unusual animals (　D　)22．What can students do during a field trip? A．Make a speech on the environment. B．Take part in foreign wildlife rescue. C．Get to know why species get endangered. D．Learn how living things affect each other. (　C　)23．For a guided tour, visitors should know that ． A．large groups are served first B．it is available on weekdays C．its time could change D．booking is needed 【语篇解读】本文向游客介绍了参观The STAR Eco Station的相关事宜以及注意事项。 21．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It carries out the mission ‘Preservation through Education’ by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the interdependence of all living things.”可知，The STAR Eco Station的目标是提高保护野生动物的意识。故选B。 22．D　细节理解题。根据Field trips部分中的“Throughout the field trip, students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems.”可知，学生在实地考察中能了解生物是如何相互影响的。故选D。 23．C　细节理解题。根据Note部分中的“Our regular public tours’ time is subject to change without notice.(我们常规的公众参观时间如有更改，恕不另行通知。)”可知，对于由导游陪同的旅游，游客应该知道参观时间有可能会更改。故选C。 B Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not­always­supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. (　B　)24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. (　A　)25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars? A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it. C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it. (　D　)26．What can we infer about the author? A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy. C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person. (　C　)27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 【语篇解读】文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活。 24．B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段最后一句中的关键信息“not­always­supportive household(一个不总是支持你的家庭中)”可知，画线词语所在句表示“如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动”。由此可猜测，画线词语jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。 25．A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.(几天后，我带着第一罐零浪费杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。)”可推断出，作者的父亲不赞成作者用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。 26．D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力。)”及“Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，作出你想要的改变。)”可推断出，作者是一个意志坚定的人，对于自己认准的事情会一如既往地坚持下去。故选D。 27．C　主旨大意题。第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle”提出主题，过更可持续的生活，也就是第二段第一句中提到的零浪费的生活方式；下文介绍了作者过这种生活的过程以及给想过这种生活的人的建议，综合所给选项可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活。故选C。 C Cities are the planet’s largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, so they offer the greatest opportunity to tackle climate change. Hitting net­zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas(复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly. The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Urban areas are forecast to grow by another 2.5 billion people by 2050. Digital twins look and behave identically in their real­world physical environments. Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft. Virtual 3D city models link to networks of sensors that collect data from buildings, transport, air quality and energy use, to see where emissions can be cut and efficiency improved. The UK is planning a kind of national digital twins that will connect digital replicas managing buildings, factories, and the other infrastructure(基础设施) nationwide. And that could lead to entire virtual world online, part of a virtual reality space proposed by tech companies. Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning. A provider of digital twins, Cityzenith, believes that net­zero deadlines could be achieved 15 years early if the world’s 100 biggest cities use the technology to remove carbon. “They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition，” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net­zero emissions globally by 2035.” In the US, the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Big tech companies around the world have developed software for replicating cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China. (　D　)28．What are city digital twins used to do? A．Decorate cities. B．Change cities’ climate. C．Popularize urban technology. D．Reduce urban carbon emissions. (　D　)29．Why are cities chosen for the use of digital twins? A．They occupy most of the earth’s surface. B．They consume little of the world’s energy. C．They produce little of solid waste pollution. D．They contribute most to the greenhouse effect. (　C　)30．Why is the Apollo moon mission mentioned in the text? A．To prove the accuracy of network data. B．To tell us the importance of space tasks. C．To explain the application of digital twins. D．To show the difficulty of urban construction. (　B　)31．What can we learn about city digital twins from the last two paragraphs? A．They lack research funding. B．They are practical and promising. C．They have reached a standard level. D．They are complex and unrecognizable. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项减少城市温室气体排放的科学技术：城市数字孪生技术。 28．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hitting net­zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas (复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly.(到2050年实现COP26峰会设定的净零排放目标，可以通过使用城市数字孪生技术——运行的虚拟复制品来更快地实现，这有助于快速跟踪、管理和减少环境破坏。)”可知，城市数字孪生技术可以帮助减少城市碳排放量。故选D。 29．D　细节理解题。根据第二段“The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.”可知，城市消耗了世界近80%的能源并产生了60%以上的温室气体，所以城市最适合使用数字孪生技术。故选D。 30．C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft.”可知，文中提及“Apollo登月计划”是为了解释数字孪生技术的实际应用。故选C。 31．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning.(研究表明，到 2030 年，通过更高效的城市规划，城市数字孪生技术可为全球城市节省超过 2 800亿美元的开支。)”和Michael Jansen说的话“They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition...We could get to net­zero emissions globally by 2035.(它们是管理和加速能源转型的完美工具……到 2035 年，我们可以实现全球净零排放。)”以及最后一段中的“In the US, the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Big tech companies around the world have developed software for replicating cities(在美国，数字孪生联盟正致力于规范数字孪生的构建和数据共享方式。世界各地的大型科技公司已经开发出复制城市的软件)”可推断出，该项技术是实用的(practical)且有前途的(promising)。故选B。 D Soot(煤烟) pollution is speeding up climate­driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit. “It really makes us question if our presence is really needed，” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.” Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships(游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles(微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T­shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that was already happening more quickly because of global warming. When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat. “These are the mirrors on our planet，” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast. “When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send back that much light and heat. That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.” As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this, it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent，” she says, “and what kind of regulations should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year. (　C　)32．What is Khan’s attitude towards human actions in Antarctica according to Paragraph 2? A．Angry and abusive. B．Cold and uninterested. C．Doubtful and anxious. D．Admiring and delighted. (　B　)33．What is the main cause of soot pollution in Antarctica? A．The quick melting of ice and snow. B．The emissions from various transport. C．The remaining parts of burning plants. D．The floating gases from other continents. (　A　)34．What do we know from Nagorski? A．The covered ice is less reflective. B．The melting speed of ice is slower than before. C．The dark blanket serves as a big mirror. D．The sunlight gets increasingly stronger recently. (　D　)35．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What made our planet so polluted? B．Who is to blame for air pollution? C．Can electric vehicles save tourism? D．Are we welcome to the South Pole? 【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了南极洲的煤烟污染加速了南极洲气温的上升，加速了冰雪融化。 32．C　推理判断题。根据第二段“‘It really makes us question if our presence is really needed.’ says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. ‘We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.’(‘这真的让我们质疑，我们的存在是否真的有必要。’这项新研究的作者之一Alia Khan说。‘我们在南极洲有相当大的黑色碳足迹，这正在加速冰雪融化。’)”可知，从Alia Khan的疑问可以看出，她对人们在南极洲的行为表示怀疑，而且人们到访南极洲产生的黑色碳足迹加速南极洲的冰雪融化，这让她感到焦虑。故选C。 33．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships(游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe.(南极洲的煤烟主要来自游轮、车辆和飞机的废气，尽管一些污染是由风从世界其他地区随风吹来的。)”可知，南极洲煤烟的主要来源就是人们所使用的各种各样的交通工具。故选B。 34．A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当冰雪没被覆盖时，它们会在阳光转化为热量之前反射大量的阳光。“这些是我们星球上的镜子，”阿拉斯加大学东南分校的科学家Sonia Nagorski说。“当这些镜子被一层黑色薄膜覆盖时，它们就不会反射那么多的光和热。这意味着更多的热量被困在地球上，从而加速了融化，加剧了全球变暖。”由此可推断，冰雪被煤烟覆盖后，其反射阳光的效果就会降低，即被覆盖的冰反射性较弱。故选A。 35．D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段“Soot pollution is speeding up climate­driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.(一项新的研究表明，煤烟污染正在加速南极洲气候驱使的冰川融化，这引发了人们对如何保护这片脆弱的大陆免受越来越多想要到访那里的人的影响的问题。)”及最后一段最后一句“That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year.(例如，这可能意味着要求游轮和车辆是电动的，或者限制每年的游客数量。)”可知，文章讲述的是人们在去南极洲考察或旅游的同时，破坏了南极洲的生态环境，故D项“欢迎我们到南极来吗”为文章的最佳标题。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Clownfishes like to live in coral reefs, but they don’t spend their whole lives there. In the first few months after they are born, they “wander” in the open sea. When the baby clownfishes grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. They can’t see the reef, however. 36． E But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place. 37． D In the case of baby clownfishes, they make them unable to find their way home. 38． A There are still many other sea animals depending on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate. Dolphins call one another by unique names. Toadfish hum. Whales sing. Many sea animals swim away from the noises. 39． F But slow­moving animals like sea cucumbers (海参) are left helpless. In some places, human­made noises are everywhere. Animals have to permanently move away from these noises to quieter places. They are then forced to compete against others for the same pools of resources. Over time, their populations start to become smaller. Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. “We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it，” said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England. 40． B Wind­powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be moved away from certain areas. Researchers are calling for stricter rules. “We have noise standards for cars and trucks，” said Carlos Duarte, another biologist. “Why should we not have them for ships？” A．Clownfishes are not the only ones to suffer. B．Many solutions to this problem already exist. C．Some animals could swim fast to catch food. D．These noises are often louder than the natural ones. E．Instead, they depend on the small noises that a reef lets out. F．Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes. G．Actually, the ocean has always been home to many clownfishes. 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了人类的活动产生了大量的噪音，导致一些海洋生物陷入危险。幸运的是，噪音是一种可控的污染物，并且问题的许多解决方案已经存在，研究者们正在呼吁出台更严格的规定。 36．E　根据上文“When the baby clownfishes grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. They can’t see the reef, however.(当小丑鱼宝宝长到能游泳时，它们就匆忙回家。然而，他们看不到珊瑚礁)”可知，此处在说小丑鱼长大后会回到珊瑚礁，但是它们看不到珊瑚礁，E项“Instead, they depend on the small noises that a reef lets out.(相反，它们依赖于珊瑚礁发出的微小噪音。)”符合语境，说明它们看不到珊瑚礁，但它们可以依赖珊瑚礁发出的噪音找到珊瑚礁。故选E。 37．D　根据上文“But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place.(但人类——以及他们的船只、快艇、能源勘探平台，甚至冲浪——已经使海洋变成了一个令人难以忍受的嘈杂之地。)”和下文“In the case of baby clownfishes, they make them unable to find their way home.(以小丑鱼宝宝为例，它们让它们找不到回家的路。)”可知，本段在讲述人类活动产生的噪音让海洋变成了嘈杂之地，小丑鱼不能听到珊瑚礁发出的微小声音，从而找不到回家的路，因此D项“These noises are often louder than the natural ones.(这些声音通常比自然的声音更大。)”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，其中These noises指代上文提到的各种人类活动产生的噪音。故选D。 38．A　根据下文“There are still many other sea animals depending on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate.(还有许多其他海洋动物依靠它们的听觉生存。它们用声音来感知环境并进行交流。)”可知，本段主要讲述了还有其他海洋生物遭受噪音的影响，因此A项“Clownfishes are not the only ones to suffer.(小丑鱼并不是唯一的受害者。)”符合语境。故选A。 39．F　根据上文“Many sea animals swim away from the noises.(许多海洋动物为了躲避噪音而游开。)”以及下文“But slow­moving animals like sea cucumbers(海参) are left helpless.(但像海参这样行动缓慢的动物却束手无策。)”可知，此处是在讲述许多海洋动物会躲避噪音并举例，因此F项“Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes.(例如，鲸鱼可以学会避开繁忙的航线。)”符合语境，与下文海参因为行动缓慢无法躲避噪音在语义上是转折关系，But是关键词。故选F。 40．B　根据上文“Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. ‘We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it，’ said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England.(幸运的是，噪音是一种可控的污染物。英国生物学家史蒂夫·辛普森说：‘我们确切地知道是什么引起了噪音，我们知道它在哪里，并且我们知道如何阻止它。’)”以及下文“Wind­powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be moved away from certain areas.(风力船已经开发出来。航线也可以从某些地区移开。)”可知，本段是在讲防治噪音污染的方法，且这些方法已经存在，因此B项“Many solutions to this problem already exist.(这个问题的许多解决方案已经存在。)”符合语境。故选B。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one took much care of their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were 41 and the hedges(树篱) desperately needed to be cut back. It looked very 42 . But when the neighbors saw their 43 ， they just looked at each other and laughed. It seemed too hard to 44 all the gardens and no one could be bothered to make them better because everyone’s garden was 45 terrible. No one felt it was urgent to 46 anything. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a 47 ， hard­working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he 48 in the street. He took his lawnmower(割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. Finally, he took up his gardening and started 49 his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. Attracted by the 50 ， the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured(整齐的) garden. Over some time, something interesting happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more 51 into their own gardens and the sounds of lawnmowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was 52 from a dirty, unappealing collection of houses to a beautiful avenue that wouldn’t be out of place in a stylish magazine. One person’s action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little 53 work. It’s easy for us to 54 the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only 55 yourself, but also results in a change to the whole world. (　A　)41．A．taking over B．dying out C．giving up D．falling off (　D　)42．A．tidy B．delicate C．familiar D．awful (　A　)43．A．gardens B．doors C．roofs D．farms (　C　)44．A．purchase B．guard C．clear D．build (　D　)45．A．scarcely B．invisibly C．slightly D．equally (　B　)46．A．keep B．change C．reach D．defeat (　C　)47．A．proud B．casual C．neat D．selfless (　A　)48．A．settled B．stepped C．performed D．stood (　D　)49．A．planting B．picking C．watering D．shaping (　C　)50．A．office clerk B．fashion designer C．landscape gardener D．street cleaner (　C　)51．A．furniture B．staff C．effort D．heat (　A　)52．A．transformed B．moved C．enlarged D．passed (　B　)53．A．mental B．hard C．corporate D．optional (　C　)54．A．observe B．mind C．overlook D．pollute (　B　)55．A．traps B．benefits C．defends D．admires 【语篇解读】文章讲述了一条街的邻居在比尔的影响下开始清理自己的花园，让周围环境变得更美的故事。以此告诉读者：一个人的行为可以向人们展示，只需要一点点努力就可以作出改变。 41．A　句意：草坪杂草丛生，杂草占据了花园，树篱迫切地需要修剪。A.take over接管，接收，占上风；B.die out灭绝；C.give up放弃；D.fall off跌落，下降。故选A。 42．D　句意：它看起来非常糟糕。A.tidy整洁的；B.delicate精美的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.awful糟糕的。故选D。 43．A　句意：但当邻居们看着他们的花园时，他们只是相视而笑。A.garden花园；B.door门；C.roof屋顶；D.farm农场。故选A。 44．C　句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A.purchase购买；B.guard守卫；C.clear清理；D.build建造。故选C。 45．D　句意同上。A.scarcely几乎不；B.invisibly看不见地；C.slightly稍微；D.equally同样地。故选D。 46．B　句意：没人觉得迫切需要改变什么。A.keep保持；B.change改变；C.reach到达；D.defeat打败。故选B。 47．C　根据上文可知，比尔是个园艺师，根据下文比尔着手整理花园可知，比尔是一个爱整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人。A.proud骄傲的；B.casual随意的；C.neat爱整洁的；D.selfless无私的。故选C。 48．A　句意：比尔一在这条街上安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A.settle定居，安顿；B.step踏；C.perform表演；D.stand站立。故选A。 49．D　句意：最后，他开始给树篱塑形，让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球等。A.plant种植；B.pick摘；C.water浇水；D.shape使成为……形状。故选D。 50．C　根据上文可知，比尔是个园艺师，因此此处指邻居们被比尔这个园林园艺师吸引，专程过来欣赏刚刚休整好的花园。A.office clerk办公室职员；B.fashion designer时尚设计师；C.landscape gardener园林园艺师；D.street cleaner街道清洁工。故选C。 51．C　句意：邻居们陆续开始投入更多的精力到自己的花园上。A.furniture家具；B.staff员工；C.effort努力，精力；D.heat热量。故选C。 52．A　句意：几个月后，这条街从一堆肮脏、毫无吸引力的房子变成了一条在时尚杂志上都不会显得格格不入的街道。A.transform转换；彻底改变；B.move迁移；移动；C.enlarge扩大；D.pass经过。故选A。 53．B　句意：一个人的行为向所有人展示了只需要一点努力就可以达到什么。A.mental精神的；B.hard辛苦的；C.corporate共同的；D.optional可选的。故选B。 54．C　句意：我们很容易忽略我们的周围的环境，因为没有其他人在乎它。A.observe观察；B.mind介意；C.overlook忽略；D.pollute污染。故选C。 55．B　句意：记住：你积极从事的事情不仅对你有益，还可以给整个世界带来变化。A.trap卡住；B.benefit有益于；C.defend保卫，防卫；D.admire钦佩，羡慕。故选B。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Researchers say they have found microplastics (微塑料) —tiny pieces of the plastic debris(碎片) that come as a result of the disposal of industrial waste—deep in the lungs of living 56． humans (human) for the first time. The research, which 57． was published (publish) in the journal Science of the Total Environment last week, is the first study 58． to identify (identify) the plastics in the lungs of living people. The plastics have 59． previously (previous) been found in human blood, waste and in the depths of the ocean. In the study, researchers 60． collected (collect) lung tissue from surgical procedures on patients as part of their routine medical care. Researchers identified 12 types of microplastics, 61． which are commonly found in bottles, packaging, and clothing, along with other manufacturing processes. The study notes 62． an “increasing concern” with the harm that could come with swallowing and breathing in microplastics. The world produces about 300 million metric tons of plastics a year and about 80% ends up in landfills and other parts of the environment. Microplastics can range from 10 nanometers—63． smaller (small) than the human eye can see—64． to 5 millimeters in diameter, about the size of the eraser on the end of a pencil. Researchers have found them 65． floating (float) in the air, in tap or bottled water, and in the sea or soil. 【语篇解读】本文介绍了研究人员首次在人类肺部深处发现了微塑料。 56．humans　考查名词的数。根据句意“研究人员表示，他们首次在人类肺部深处发现了微塑料”可知，此处要用复数形式表示泛指。故填humans。 57．was published　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语last week可知，此处要用一般过去时；研究是被发表，因此用被动语态；主语为单数名词the research，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was published。 58．to identify　考查非谓语动词。the first修饰名词时，后用不定式作定语。故填to identify。 59．previously　考查副词。此处用副词修饰谓语动词have been found。故填previously。 60．collected　考查时态。根据语境可知，此处描述过去的研究过程，因此时态用一般过去时。故填collected。 61．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为12 types of microplastics，指物，关系代词在从句中作主语。故填which。 62．an　考查冠词。此处泛指人们对吞咽和呼吸微塑料可能带来的危害的担忧，increasing以元音音素开头。故填an。 63．smaller　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，此处要用small的比较级。故填smaller。 64．to　考查介词。range from A to B为固定搭配，意为“从A到B”。故填to。 65．floating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词have found，因此float需用非谓语动词形式，又因float和宾语them为逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语。故填floating。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 4月22日，你校举行了以“Earth Day Trade”为主题的活动，倡议同学们交换闲置物品。请你为学校英文报写一篇英语报道，内容包括： 1．时间、地点；2．活动简况；3．活动效果。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 One possible version： 　Earth Day Trade　 In order to raise the students’ awareness of caring for the earth, an activity called Earth Day Trade was held at 5 p．m. on April 22 in our school. The students actively took part in it and brought the stuff that they didn’t need any more to the school. Many old things were traded, such as books, used electronic devices and so on. The students were glad that their old stuff wouldn’t end up in trash cans, but instead turned out useful for others. The activity proved a big success, and the students involved realised that even small acts could make a difference to the earth.　 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ben raced out of school. Christmas holidays! When he got home, he went to check on his pony, Scout. He slipped him a candy, and Scout nuzzled(用口和鼻轻轻摩擦)his shoulder. Ben started towards the house and found his elder brother Jack starting the snowmobile(雪地机动车) to deliver gas to Uncle Mike. Ben jumped on the back and joined him. They set off slowly. The snow was fresh and deep on the remote mountain path. When they arrived，Jack went over with the gas can. Ben looked up at the mountain and saw something moving. He got binoculars(望远镜) and saw two animals. Could it be a horse? Jack climbed back on the snowmobile and asked Ben to leave. When Ben told Jack he saw horses up in the snowy trees, Jack didn’t believe it. Ben looked back up at the mountain, but he couldn’t see anything.At dinner, Ben told his father he saw two horses up on the mountain today. “If they are horses, they must be trapped by all this snow，” said his father. “If they’re trapped, we have to do something，” said Ben, his voice rising. His father looked at Jack. “Well, in the morning go and take a look. Take the gun and some hay(干草). If they look as if they can survive, give them the hay. If not...” Jack looked serious, and slowly nodded. Ben knew what the gun was for, and his chest went cold. In the morning, they set off in the cold snow. When they got to the place where Ben had seen the horses, they stopped and looked up using binoculars. No horses. They waited for a few minutes. “I see them. They’re horses. Let’s take the snowmobile up there，” Ben suddenly exclaimed. They drove the snowmobile in the deep snow and finally reached the place. “Oh no！” said Ben. “They’re starving！” One of the horses had lost a lot of hair, and their tails were almost gone. Their eyes were lifeless and they looked tired. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 One possible version： Jack walked around the horses. “Well，” said Jack, sighing, picking up the gun, “I guess I’d better use this.” “No! We should at least try！” pleaded Ben, stroking the horses gently. Jack walked around the horses again. He patted one of them on the neck. It made a sad, small groaning sound. “Maybe you’re right.” He surely didn’t want to have to shoot these horses. Ben quickly got the hay and spread it around in piles. The horses ate hungrily. With one more pat to each horse, Jack and Ben climbed on the snowmobile and drove back down the mountain as quickly as they could to report their news. Back at home the family had a hurried meeting. After discussing all kinds of possible ways to put the horses out of their misery, they finally decided to shovel a tunnel. The two brothers went from door to door asking everyone to come and help. They even put notices up in the streets. Then they took the snowmobile back up the mountain with more hay and water and some warm blankets. The horses seemed happy to see them. Ben and Jack started shoveling with their fingers frozen and noses numb. Fortunately, soon a group of snowmobilers arrived. For the next week, people came and shoveled every day, and a deep, narrow trench very slowly worked its way down the mountain. Jack and Ben went every day to feed and water and talk to the horses. When the big day came, Ben and Jack managed to lead the horses down the long, narrow tunnel. Everyone was celebrating and hugging each other. Ben grinned from ear to ear and gave the horses a big hug. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$